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i 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES, 


ROCHAMBEAU  AND  HIS  ARMY,  LAFAYETTE  AND  HIS  DEVOTION. 

D'ESTAING,  DeTERNAY,  BARRAS,  DEGRASSE, 

AND  THEIR  FLEETS, 


GREAT    WAR 


FROM  1778  TO  1782, 


IVCIXDINO 

MILITARY  OI'KUATroXS   IN   lillnDK   ISLAND,  THK    SlItRKyDKEt   OK  YORK- 

TOWN,  SKKTCIfKj:  IIP   FRKM  n    AM)  A.MKKICAN  OKKK'KRS,   AND 

ISCIUKNTS    (IK    MXIAI.    I.IKK    l\    XKWl'DliT,    I'RUVI. 

DKNCK,   AMI  Kl.MAVIIKRK. 

WITH    NLMEBOrs    I  L  L  V  S  T  H  A  T  1 1)  N  8  . 


n  ■>      1--  I  ''A'  ;  N      i\;  A  HI    IN      S'lT)  N  I-. 


rnoviDExcK: 

I'KINlKn   riY   THK  I'KOVIltlCX*  K   l-RKSS  COIII'AXY. 


■1 ; 

it 


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Four   Extra   Stkrl    Pobtraits. 


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All    IttcHj*   Kesebtkd. 


ittarquis  tit  Borjjambcau, 

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Till  H     VOT-.IJMI:, 

COMlIEMUltATINti    TllK    IMitHtTANT   All*    itKNI>F.KKD    BY    FRAKfE 

To  TDK 

t'MTKU    STATES 
l.\    TllEIlt  ,->TI{f(Ji;i.E   Wn    ISDKl'EXDKNCE, 

Is 

■..^KKfSPKt^TFUIiIiY :  I\SCKIBED> 

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riii:  AiTiioii. 


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it-T.AiHE  v:kF  t^  5^«Ht«s:  rrac  in  iht  h»iffrr 
«  E»^  « •'ric-  w  «9n«nvc  fau^mst-jiHi:  Tvouirvd 
K  -^^K  ^iiTiSiaiiiii  Ic  ^hviq^  litr-  iiw&cbi- 
:  «c  «  WMicuij  nannc  tn  ifar  Xmtk  Amrri- 
^     L<«riBfic,  Bf««  ko)£i^  a  JfOOMtn  tm^  in 

in  ^ivinr  inr:*-  i.  rrr^-p*^  lia:  iiave  Tvmm-ro  ihf  soub  of  dmnrAir 
BliiveT7  mm.  i>  ■•iitt^"!**  aiir  t*r^ir"tttot.  and  iha:  hav(^.  in  no  mod- 
era.!*  €H;^T»=t.  m-diS-c  lirt  iwtUiinL  idotr  mnil  l^nsbaion  of  »11 
£unnni.  itrr  Ame-t^Bi.  H^vutuboi.   msy  «-iili  imtb  hf  rluinsd  «»  £&• 

iii  lin-  !U>iiut[t  r.i:i:-r^  Tiii  it*!pe%  eruTJ. iii,  "1  am  bTi  Amerirar  ril»- 
zeii."  tr  !»•>»  fc^  fr-'-^sr.^  «;-  «-ar  iim-  p:^",  "  3  am  a  fininaii  riiiwi*."' 
in  till  T^iijT.    ■:   zur  C^rsit^- 

lii  nf-DTmr  "i«-  naiEi^aJir^  *r  »iiirh  »-f  no*-  Iwiasi..  and  ihc 
niuleria]  pro^tuc-Tr^.  t-¥t».'.^*^  rirtCi-  and  libenk*  »>iirli  wr  nom  so 
uliuudHUth  fTi.i'''-  F-*!*^  SI'-*  u  lite  ihjneen  fwlilc,  bni  •*sironr 
mJDdfd  "  roiniih^.  i»e-  ii>iL  TW  apirii  nf  ihai  qkIios  and  of  her 
moDurcii.  L«iuK  ;ite  A\  i..  »  iDusraied  in  the  fnDowiii^  uarraiivf. 
Tin-  B!»?isiMurt  ii^  Tr-itotr^i  » a*  liiDelT.  mjti  hasicned  to  a  siipcessfu] 
lennmaiKFii  a  simcrW-  uta:  lOffVf  ibac  onre  ntDM^  prpai  anxiclx  lo 
r^eu  lin-  ImjH-fu!  WB*."iiiiun^ii-  li  hitf  Iteen  said,  in  tb«-  war  <.f  crii- 
i'"i^m.  liiRi    bin    ittr  liH-   iifif«e   (rf   crippUu^   ibe  po^er  of  Ejurlaiid- 


X  PREFACE. 

aod  of  extendiog  liis  coloninl  dominiotis,  the  French  King  would 
never  have  consented  to  an  alliance  fraught  with  the  remarkable  con- 
sequences that  followed  it.  Whatever  niay  have  been  the  motive  that 
governed  his  action,  the  benefit  to  the  struggling  colonies  soon  became 
apparent,  nnd  on  that  fact  we  rest. 

According  to  a  statement  made  by  the  Prince  de  Joinville,  France, 
in  the  War  of  the  American  Revolution,  "lost  thirty-five  thousand 
men  and  twenty-five  ships  of  the  Hue."  AH  this  logs,  did  not,  of 
course,  occur  in  America,  nor  in  the  waters  of  t)ie  United  States, 
but  was  an  aggregate  growiug  out  of  the  alliance  witli  the  American 
Confederacy.  A  conservative  ministry  was  disinclined  to  commit 
France  to  such  a  relation.  "The  King,"  the  Prince  says,  "encount- 
ered an  opposition  from  the  Count  de  Vergcnues  and  the  Court, 
when  he  took  the  suffering  cause  of  the  Americans  in  hand.  He  was 
moved  by  the  rcpresculations  of  the  American  Commissioners,  and 
the  Queen  was  no  less  urgent  to  save  the  sinking  cause  ef  the  Amer- 
ican people.  My  gnindfjithor  and  my  father  were  present  when  the 
last  struggle  took  place  between  the  King  and  the  niinis^try  upon  the 
article  of  alliance  with  tlie  United  Colonies  of  America.  That  day — 
it  was  a  happy  day  for  the  Americans — but  for  the  King,  it  was  the 
day  of  liis  death  I  Yc^i,  on  that  day  when  the  King  put  his  name  to 
the  inslrument,  he  scaled  his  death  warraut."  .  .  .  .  "  Hut 
for  these  powerful  aids,  no  monuments  are  raised  to  per[)etUHte  their 
memory.  Lciuis  XVI.  ought  to  be  placed  next  to  General  Washing- 
ton as  a  liberator  of  the  American  people."  * 

The  Amcriciius  are  not  an  unapprecialive  nor  an  ungrateful  peo- 
ple. This  is  shown  in  the  commendatory  general  orders  issued  by 
Washington,  immediately  after  the  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  and  the 
equally  expressive  resolutions  of  thanks  to  "Our  Frkscii  Allies," 
so  promptly  passed  by  Congress,  at  Philadelphia,  together  with  a 
vote  ttulhorizing  tlie  erection  of  a  nuuiunicnt  at  Yorktown  to  perpet- 
uate  the   memory   of   the   gallant   services  of    the   allied   arniii'r'    of 

*  Prince  do  Jolnvillv'v  cunvprvuliOD  wirh  the  Rev.  Elraitr  WUllains. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  XI 

Fninctf  Mild  the  United  States.  When  tlie  monument  on  that  spot, 
the  corner-stone  of  which  was  laid  Oclobcr  lOtlu  1881,  shall  be 
completed,  ample  justice  will  be  done  to  the  memoi-y  of  Louis  XVI. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

To  Henry  Thayer  Drowne,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  whose  knowledge 
of  Rhode  Ittland  hiatory  is  iinsurpassed,  I  am  deeply  indebted  for 
mucli  vahiahle  assistance  in  prosecuting  my  I'cscarches.  For  special 
courtesies  my  grnteful  acknowledgments  are  also  due  to  Governor 
Alfred  II.  Llttlefiehl,  Lincoln;  Ilun.  Joshua  M.  Addeman,  Hon. 
Henry  H.  Anthonyi  Hon.  Nelson  W.  Aldrich,  lion.  John  it.  Bart- 
lelt,  Hon.  William  W.  Iloppin,  Mr.  Frederick  Street  Hoppin,  Wil- 
liam Buweu,  Esq.,  George  L.  Cooke,  Esq.,  Rev.  Henry  H.  Norllirup, 
George  W.  Danielson,  Esq.,  Sir.  Charles  W.  Hopkins,  Sir.  George  H. 
Peck,*  Zacliariali  Allen,*  LL.  I).,  Reuben  A.  Guild,  LL.D.,  Zubuloc 
L.  White,  Esq..  Albert  Holbrook,  Esq.,  Caleb  Fiske  Harris,*  Esq., 
Mr.  Albert  V.  Jcnks,  Mr.  John  Morris,  Mr.  Russell  M.  Larned^ 
Mr.  Henry  R  Davis,  Mrs.  Harriet  A.  Brownell,  Miss,  Mary  W. 
Armin^tou,  Miss  Ellyu  A.  Clarke,  Miss  Charlotte  K.  Clarke,  Mr. 
Thomas  V.  Carr,  and  Mrs.  Anun  R.  Carr,  Providence  ;  David  King, 
M.  D.,*  Henry  E.  Turner,  M.  D.,  Hon.  Francis  Briiiley,  James 
Eddy  Slauran,  Esq.,  George  C.  Musoii,  Esq.,  Hon.  William  P. 
Shetficld,  Rev.  Charles  T.  lirook-i,*  Sirs,  Martha  SL  Anderson,*  Mis. 
James  Bircklieiid,  and  SIihs  Emily  Hazard,  NtMvport ;  William  J. 
Miller,  t^q.,  Bristol;  Sirs.  Annie  (i.  Bowen,  Tiverton;  IIoii.  Wil- 
liam Greene,*  Prof.  George  Wasliington  Greene,*  East  Greenwich  ; 
General  George  Sears  Greene,  Cowoset ;  Hon.  Robert  C.  Winthrop, 
lion.  Samuel  A.  Green,  31.  D.,  John  Ward  Dean,  Esq.,  Rev. 
Edward  Everett  Hale,  D.  D.,  Sir.  Samuel  Adams  Drake,  and  Mr. 
Francis  S.  Drake,  Boston  ;  William  P.  Uphnm,  Esq.,  Sidom.  SInss. ; 
Oliver  Wendell  Holmes,  SI.D.,  Rev.  John  L.  Sihiey,  Cambridge, 
Miiss. ;  President  Noah  Porter,  S.T.I).,  LL.  D.,  Addison  Van  Name, 

*T1ie  tlamd  namei  are  of  those  pcrraus  who,  nltli  a  lingli'  exccplioD,  dvccated  trlille 
tbb  TOlnme  wmi  bring  printed. 


Xll  PREFACE. 

A.  M.,  Franklin  B.  Dexter,  A.  M.,  New  Haven,  Conn.  ;  Hon.  J. 
Hammond  Trumbull,  LL.  D.,  Hartford,  Conn.;  Mr,  Antlioiiy 
Lawton,  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  Townaend  Ward,  Esq.,  Mr.  John  A.  McAllis- 
ter, Mr.  Dexter  S,  Stone,  Mr.  William  S.  Scliofield.  and  Miss  Elisie 
Willing  Balch,  the  accomplished  translator  and  historical  writer, 
Philadelphia,  Penn. ;  Robert  A.  Brock,  Esq.,  Richmond,  Va.  ; 
MisB  Kate  Nelson,  Yorktown,  Va.  ;  Hon.  William  Hunter,  Hon. 
John  S.  Tucker, , A.  R.  Spofford,  Esq.,  Washington,  D.  C.  ;  Miijor 
Asa  Bird  Gardner,  LL.  D.,  Judge  Advocate  United  States  army, 
George  H.  Moore,  LL.  D.,  Lenox  Library,  Mr.  Jacob  B.  Moore, 
Librarian  New  York  Historical  Society,  Thomas  Vernon,  Esq.,  and 
Charles  T.  Congdon,  Esq.,  New  York  city.  To  Mr.  Joseph  E.  C. 
Famham,  the  sole  compositor  of  this  volume,  my  thanks  are  tendered 
fur  the  prompt,  neat  and  satisfactory  manner  in  which  he  has  per- 
formed the  task  assigned  him  ;  arid  also  to  Mr.  Henry  F.  Doherty 
and  to  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Robertson  for  office  attentions. 

Tlie  mechanical  excellence  displayed  in  the  printing  of  this  volume 
is  highly  creditable  to  the  Providence  Press  Company,  which  has 
long  been  distinguished  for  superior  boo1(  printing,  and  numerous 
historical  works  bear  the  imprint  of  that  establishment. 

ILLUSTRATIONS. 

No  historical  work  has  ever  before  been  issued  by  a  Rhode  Island 
press  80  largely  illustrated  as  this.  The  illustrations  number  two 
hundred  and  nineteen.  Of  these,  including  eight  silhouettes,  seventy- 
two  are  portraits  of  French  and  American  officers,  and  of  distin- 
guished civilians.  Of  this  seventy-two,  twenty-nine  are  steel  engrav- 
ings. The  portrait  of  Queen  Victoria,  (page  558,)  in  the  early  days 
of  her  domestic  sorrow,  was  engraved  in  England.  The  portraits 
engraved  on  wood  are  mostly  from  the  burin  of  Mr.  John  0.  Thomp- 
son, of  this  city,  whose  taste  and  skill  are  too  well  knoiyn  to  require 
further  commendation.  The  historical  buildings,  aut(>graph3,  revo- 
lutionary relics,  and  other  objects  of  interest,  were  produced  by  the 
same   band.     Several   reproductions  were  furnished  by  the  Photo- 


OUB  FBENCH  ALLIES.  XIU 

Electrotype  CoinpHny,  Koston.  Among  tlie  illuBtrntioDS  that  will  most 
readily  attract  the  attention  of  historical  students  are  the  sections  of 
riie  maps  of  Blaskowitz  and  Lcwin ;  General  Sullivan's  battle  map, 
(page  109)  ;  the  flag  of-the  Second  Rhode  Island  regiment,  carried 
at  the  siege  of  Yorktown  ;  and  the  plat  of  the  French  encampment 
in  North  Providence,  now  included  in  tlie  city  of  Providence.  I 
consider  it  a  suhject  for  congratulation  that  so  much  of  the  plan  of 
the  encampment  has  been  saved  from  the  deatniction  of  the  plough. 
A  hydrographic  chart  of  Narragansett  Bay,  with  the  soundings  care- 
fully laid  down,  was  published  in  1776  by  J.  T.  W.  Des  Barrea,  *'  in 
pursuance  of  directions  from  the  Lords  of  Trade,"  and  dedicated  to 
*'  the  Riglit  Honorable  Lord  Viscount  Howe."  This  is  probably  the 
first  hydrographic  8ur\'ey  of  the  bay  ever  made.  The  chart  shows 
the  station  of  each  of  the  British  guard  vessels,  and  the  pointa  at 
which  these  were  severally  destroyed,  as  described  on  page  69.  The 
cliarta  of  Blaskowitx  and  Dc  Barres  are  rare  and  iD\'fthiable  illustra- 
tions of  Rhode  Island  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution. 

AKNOTATIONS. 

As  will  be  seen,  numerous  annotations  appear  in  the  following 
pages,  and  material  that  came  to  hand  while  the  printing  was  in 
progress,  but  too  late  to  be  used  in  its  appropriate  place  in  the  narra- 
tive, will  be  found  in  the  appendix.  For  tlic  convenience  of  readers 
to  whom  the  lives  or  biographies  of  distinguished  characters  of  the 
Revolution  are  not  easily  accessible,  upwards  of  eiglity  notices  and 
biographical  sketches  of  Amerienii  and  French  officers  are  here 
inserted. 

ROCnAHBEAU    PARK. 

On  page  316,  the  story  of  a  movement  to  open  a  park  on  the 
French  Camp-ground  is  told.  It  is  there  said,  "the  long  desired 
park  has  been  ensured."  As  a  sequel  to  the  story,  it  inay  be  said, 
that  the  ^nerous  offer  of  nearly  thirty-two  acres  of  land,  for  the  pur- 
f09e  above  designated,  was  made  by  the  owner,  Henry  T.  Beckwith, 


XIV  PREFACE. 

Esq.,  to  llie  Cilv  CouiifU,  Ijut  at  ilie  lime  of  tliu  ivritiiig  of  tliis  pre- 
face, it  had  not  been  acted  upon.     The  Park  is  still  hoped  for. 

ItKLK-ei. 

A  niimher  nf  mementos  of  tho  Fi-encli  olfi<'er!"  who  passed  their 
time  so  agivrnhK- in  IVovidi-iice  and  Xowpcirt.  is  nu-ntiom^d  in  tlie 
narrative.  A  tliorongh  investigation  wonlil  donhticss  bring  to  li»lit 
many  mon-.  The  Count  de  Noaillos.  on  liia  de])ai'tnre  from  New- 
port, where  lie  pa-<Si^'d  the  winter  oi'  ITmO-SI  in  the  faniih'  of  Mr. 
Thomas  Robinson.  left  some  of  tiis  camp  t-qnipagi-  iK-hind.  Ileiija- 
miii  II.  Smith.  Ksc|.,  liHr<  at  his  residence  in  Phiiadclttliia  a  eiiiii]>- 
kettle  that  belonged  tt»  the  Count,  and  a  teli'-a-tete  set  of  Sevres 
china,  Rent  by  the  Countess  de  Noailles,  to  ^Irs.  liobinson,  as  a 
token  of  her  friendly  regards.  Tiie  gift  was  aeeoni|>anied  with  the 
following  letter :. 

"Madam:— I  do  not  Itnow  wluther  yon  will  forsivo  luy  iaillseretion,  but 
your  fricmlly  kindness  for  my  liiinlimul  uffffls  nic  so  truly  tlmt  I  cnnaot  deny 
myself  ttie  iiti-asiire  of  tilling-  you  how  niiich  ami  witli  wliut  sini-erity  I  unile 
with  hlin  in  ^Tutitmli.'  tor  all  your  fn\~ors.  Siiii:t<  you  know  liiiii,  Mmliuti,  yon 
will  be  to  jii(I{ri!  of  my  iin<'n^iat:s!)  and  of  tliv  eoniinual  alarms  I  am  v\poHK<l 
to  oa  his  ac'i-oiint.  From  what  be  has  told  mt-  uf  your  Hvosiliility  an<l  teiitler 
feelingH,  I  ]io]hi  it  will  be  a  iibnsiire  to  you  to  bear  in  proiuring  him  a  buppy 
litu,  you  also  Rive  sotiif.  coiisoliktion  to  u  heart  altnust  broken  with  sueb  a  vari- 
ety of  afflii'tionl  I  liavea  dimlile  oblij^ation  to  you,  Muilam,  for  liaviiiK 
otlniitttHl  him  into  un  inlliimlo  n<'<iuaiiiiuii<'e  in  your  family.  He  wilt  see 
there,  each  (lay,  that  real  hnpiiiiiess  is  ant  fotiiid  In  the  jiiirsuit  of  military 
glory,  to  wbldi,  neverihejess,  men  make  fnu-h  erufl  siu:riti('esl 

"  May  I  hoiie,  Miulam,  that  yoii  wilt  i>eruiit  aie  to  present  yon  some  tea-cniw 
of  a  nianufaetory  we  have  here,  anil  that  in  drinking  your  te.-i  with  ytmr 
ehanning  daughters,  yoa  will  sometimes  think  of  me.  I  should  look  upon  it 
as  a  great  liappiness  if  eireumatanees  shonld  ever  procure  me  an  oi)portunity 
to  offer  myself  ibe  bonm^e  of  all  those  sentiments  you  inspired  me,  nnil  witli 
which  I  bavo  the  bonor  to  be,  .Muilam, 

"  Tour  most  bumble  and  most  obedient  servant, 

"Xo.VILLRS    UE    NOAILI.ES. 

"  Paris,  Gth  month,  17»1." 


OUR    FRBKCH  ALLIES.  XV 

BATTLE    OK     RHODE     I3LAXD. 

The  following  extract  is  from  aii  uiiptiblistied  diary  kept  by  the 
Rev.  Manasseh  Cutler,  LL.  1).,  pastor  of  tlie  Congregational  church 
in  HainiltoD>  Mass.,  and  should  have  followed  the  account  of  the 
battle  given  by  Colonel  Trumbull,  (page  lOG),  but  waa  mislaid  and 
not  recovered  until  after  the  entire  volume  had  been  printed.  Dr. 
Cutler  was  a  voluuteer  chaplaiu  in  General  Titconih's  brigade,  which 
he  joined  nt  Tiverton.  He  remained  on  the  island  ia  the  discharge 
of  his  duties  until  August  26,  1778,  when  he  left  to  visit  his  lather 
in  Killiiigly,  Conn.* 

August  0,  Sunday.  "This  morning  thn  army  was  ordered  to  parade  near 
Howiand's  ferry.  In  ordur  to  cmliark  and  rujiuliark  in  tbe  boats  that  they 
might  tlie  better  understand  suL-h  a  nmnotuvre,  but  a  recoDiioltcTing  party 
having  disL-overed  that  the  (jneuiy  had  luft  the  iigipcr  end  of  the  Uland,  and 
retreated  into  Newport,  the  troops  embarked  and  iirnceeded  over,  formed  on 
the  opposite  beach,  and  marelied  up  and  took  i)os.session  of  their  works,  which 
vere  not  at  all  damafred.  They  evaunated  tlieiii  Saturday  evening,  upon 
finding  our  troops  intended  to  land  six  miles  liulow,  and  cut  off  their  retreat. 
They  drove  off  all  tho  horsey  and  all  the  cattle  from  the  inhabitants,  except 
one  cow  to  a  family,  destroyed  all  their  wheels  and  carriages  of  every  kind, 
took  quantities  of  provisions,  and  filled  up  niUHt  of  their  wells. 

"10.  Monday.  Tbitt  morning  I  crossed  on  lo  Rhode  Island,  and  Joined 
General  Titcomb's  brigade.  Oined  with  Iiiin  and  a  nuTiilwr  of  gentlemen  on 
the  ground  abroad,  not  having  any  ijuartcrs.  Sleep  this  night  in  the  officer's 
room  in  the  barracks  in  tlm  furt  taken  up  by  Colonel  Wade. 

•'  Last  evening  a  fleet  was  seen  olT  the  harljor,  of  about  eighteen  or  twenty 
sail,  came  up  near  the  lighthonse  and  anchored.  Several  ships  of  the  line, 
but  unknown  who  or  from  whence.  Abont  10  o'clock,  the  French  fleet  that 
lay  alMfve  the  town  of  Xcwpurt,  canm  lo  sail,  and  went  out  in  pursuit  of 
them.  As  they  passed  the  totvji  and  forts  the  ship^  Vgan  and  kejit  up  an 
incessant  fire,  until  they  were  all  |m«»cd.  The  roar  <jl  iiuuiun  at  times  was 
such  aa  to  make  but  one  continued  sound,  without  any  distinction  of  guns. 
The  fleetln  the  offing,  which  proved  to  be  from  New  Vork.  immediately  put 

*Ke*.  Dr.  Culler  was  boru  in  Klllitigly,  Conn.,  Muy  3,  174'J;  j,'riiduatril  Mt  VbIk  Col- 
lege In  17fl6;  received  from  his  Alma  Multr  Ilie  lionorury  ilc^rfc  of  LL.  1>.  In  irm,  anil 
died  Id  IlamlltOD,  Mom.,  July  ^'>>.  It^'^l.  Ht- nui.  a  rii[Uiriil  [>ii«tor,  and  wui-  illstlnitultlicd 
for  MlenllAo  atlklniDeDta. 


XVI  PREFACE. 

to  sea,  «nd  hj  dark  th»  Frroch  fl«ei  in  jwrsah  td  ibt^  was  mt  (d  si^it  of 
Imnd. 

"  11.  TaeMlaj-.  The  G«aml  itrorared  a  rihMitilxs  tor  gn>neis  at  cne 
Browning's,  a  Quak^T.  Invii«d  mf  to  Ut«  wiili  bin.  7%»  ^>or«ii4;  ite  wind 
at  oortbeast  lilew  pretty  hard.  cIondT  and  raiST.  At  4.  tbc  wbole  amj 
paraded,  and  was  reviewMl  by  the  j^>ti«ral  oSccn^  Ttw  order  of  tank  and 
encampment.  Ftom  linf,— Vamnm'!!  an>l  C<viK-irs  lai^Ead**  aa  tfae  ri|^t. — 
Glover's  and  Col.  Coin. Gr^'^noV  do  onihelefl.  Tbe  M<cor>d  tinr,  ccnuDanded 
by  MaJ.-43en.  Hanrock,  LAtvol's  bri)FMdr  on  i)ie  ri^l.  TiTccnoVF  on  the  left. 
The  light  corpii.  conflislinc  ot  Jatk^ia's  civps.  BoRtea  iDdepeadeBlB  and 
Light  Infantry,  and  fitly  men  fr\^m  ea^^'h  brijndc  in  tl»e  trrat  line, comnaBded 
by  Col.  Leul.iton.  [Ijvinpsion?]  The  r««one,  oon»»iinf  oi  Holdea's  asd 
Brown's  refpnienlii,  isxiiiiiandeil  by  Col.  Com.  Wrst.  A  VifufciTig  diriiikiB  ob 
each  wing  of  the  army,  and  a  Hankin);  party  to  each  wing  <J  each  line,  con- 
sisting of  rohinteer  and  militiA.  A  Kidy  of  boT»ie.  cximntaitdtid  by  Oencral 
Whipple.  Tlie  ritrht  wing  ot  Ute  mh^le  army  oommanded  by  Mai..Gca 
Greene. —  the  left  by  tho  Manjuis  <lt>  la  Fa^'rlte. 

"  12.  Wedno!ida,v.  Thin  niornin;;  or  Irrs  (or  tb^  whole  ara^  to  be  panwled 
at  6,  for  advani'ing  towi»i>i>  tb*-  eni  ««»■.«'  linoj^  Bui  the  i^tvn  incTvaring 
violently,  piwi'nti<Yl.  A  iin-ai  nutiiNT  of  the  militia  hai~iiig  bo  tests  were 
obligMl  to  f.^ntinuo  out  in  tbe  siorm  without  any  shelter.  Col.  Tbcwinlike 
maigned.  Col,  Wade  *piv.*int<>il,  Capt*.  llniwn  and  CaKtl  took  lodgings  at 
our  quarters. 

•-  IX  Thunhlay.  Thostorm  exi^islinj;  severe, — wind  TeiTr  hi{:b.  Mr.  Nat. 
Trary  lodgtHl  with  us.  l>r.  Clark  and  l^us>ins.  d-ils.  \Vadsworth  aad  Tbont- 
dike  with  us.  A  Serjp>ant  and  nine  mon  dfsert*»l.  btloagiiitg  to  il«e  S3d  Rgi- 
roeut,  British.  Say  the  Fnni'li  shiiv,  diMuonni<<d  ibe  gnns  and  almost  demol> 
ishetl  two  fort.t.  and  killed  several  nn'n  on  Monday. 

"14.  Friday.  This  uiorning  the  wind  ehsn)p\i  to  the  southward.  At  4 
in  the  miu-ning.  tr<.x>|i:»  turned  out,  I'XMmineil  ih^-ir  amis,  and  rrnewtd  their 
eartridgfs.  Capl.*.  I'aUtt,  lln^wn  and  ni>-seU  nvle  down  near  the  enemies* 
lines.  Saw  Col.  IlichUirn  and  bis  linMher  Samnd.  Oidrrs  for  tbe  army  to 
mareh  at  t!  to-morrow  morning.    S<>\  ersl  desi'Tters. 

"  1.1.  Satnnlay.  At  ti  o'l-Uvk  a  signal  gun  fr<>m  the  right,  as  a  signal  for 
the  whole  army  to  g^rade.  Half  after  A,  two  >-annons  firei)  for  signals  for 
fonning  into  oolumns.  Three  eannons.  signal  for  marvhiikg.  Tbe  front  line 
a<lvanred  in  four  oohimns.  and  the  sti-ond  line  in  two  >-oluinns,  «nn- 
manded  by  their  resptvtivo  Brigadiors.  FUnking  divisions  and  flanking 
partie.i  marched  in  their  n'S|»eiiive  stations.  The  light  r*»rp*  adranced. 
The  light  horse  advamvd  on  the  right  for  reconnoiterinp.  lioneers 
marvbed  ad\-anoi>tl  of  eai-h  division  to  n^move  walls,  et<-.  Tbe  artillery 
and  ammunition  wagt^ns  lietween  the  flrsl  and  second  line,— tbe  baggage 


OUR    FUENCH    ALLIES.  XVII 

l>etweeo  tlie  secund  lino  and  the  reserve.  The  reserve  moved  in  one  ool- 
umn,  I  ha<l  a  fine  proflpcot  of  the  whole  army  an  it  moved  off  from  Butts' 
Hill,  where  we  first  encamped.  They  made  a  very  grand  apiwarance.  The 
army  marched  about  three  miles,  and  halted.  A  council  of  war  was  held  by 
the  general  ofHcers,  who  advanced  and  marked  out  the  ground  for  eucamp- 
fog.  No  appearance  of  an  attack  from  the  enemy.  The  aroiyextended  quite 
across  the  island,  from  water  to  water.  At  2  o'clock,  advanced  and  came 
upon  the  ground,  about  a  mile  and  an  lialf  from  the  enemy's  lines,  directly  in 
theirfront.  Theyfireda  fewcannon.  As  soon  at  unr  brigade  was  halted,  on 
the  ground,  I  returned  to  our  old  quarters  and  tarried  the  night.  Was  much 
pleased  with  the  kiudneMS  and  l>enevolence  of  Mr.  Thomas  Browning,  at 
whose  house  we  quartered. 

"  IG.  Lord's  Day.  Returned  to  Cam]>.  Gen.  Titcomh  took  quarters  at  Mr. 
Peleg  Laughton's,  a  friendly  Quaker,  where  we  had  very  good  accommoda- 
tions. Almost  the  whole  brigade  on  duty.  No  opportunity  to  attend  public 
worship.  At  night  began  to  throw  up  a  redoubt  upon  an  high  eminence  near 
the  enemy's  lines.  Went  in  the  afternoon  with  a  number  of  ofHcers  to  view 
a  garden  near  our  quarters,  belonging  to  one  Mr.  Bowler,— the  finest  by  tar  1 
ever  saw.  It  is  laid  out  much  in  the  form  of  my  own,  contains  four  acres,  has 
a  grand  aisle  in  the  middle,  and  is  adorned  in  the  front  with  beautiful  carv- 
ings. Near  the  middle  is  an  oval,  surrounded  with  espaliers  of  fruit  trees,  in 
the  centre  o(  which  is  a  pedestal,  on  which  is  an  annillary  sphere,  with  an 
equatorial  dial.  On  one  side  of  the  front  is  a  hot-house,  containing  orange 
trees,  some  ripe,  some  green,  some  blooms,  and  various  other  fruit  trees  of 
the  exotic  kind,  curious  flowers,  etc.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  ai.sle  is  a 
large  summer-house,  a  long  square  containing  three  rooms,— the  middle 
paved  with  marble, —  hung  with  landscapes  and  other  pictures.  On  the 
right  is  a  very  targe  private  lilnairy,  adorned  with  very  curious  carvings. 
The  collection  of  French  and  English  authors,  mnps,  etc.,  is  valuable. 
The  room  is  (urnlslied  with  a  table,  cliairsi,  etc.  There  are  espaliers  of 
fruit  trees  at  each  end  of  the  garden,  some  curious  flowering  shrulis 
and  a  pretty  collection  of  fruit  trees.  The  room  on  the  left  in  the  sumnicr- 
honse,  beautifully  papered  and  designed  tor  music,  contains  a  spinet.  But 
the  whole  garden  discovered  the  desolations  of  war,  and  the  want  of  a  gard- 
ener to  dress  It.    The  Marquis  de  la  Fayette  took  quarters  at  this  house. 

"A  nnmbcrof  cannon  fired  from  the  enemy's  Inn-s  this  aflernoon,  but  no 
damage  done. 

"17.  Monday.  Morning  foggy.  After  it  cleared  away,  rode  down  to  the 
lines  with  Col.  Thorndike.  Hod  a  fine  view  of  the  enemy's  lines  from  the  top 
of  an  house  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  di.stance,  atul  little  advanced  of  our 
picket.  The  enemy  had  fired  for  some  ti me  iu  the  morning,  but  had  ceased 
(or  some  hours.     While  we  were  on  the  hou.-tc,  begun  their  tire  again  from  the 


XVIIl 


PKCPACB. 


reJtitilitK.  SvrvTttl  thot  pnwml  tia  on  «ncli  Ritle,  iin<l  M)  beyond  iw.  Made  « 
afawking  wlilnllinji.  Soon  ttder  vtv  \rlt  tlio  lintiH<-  n  ^hot  iiiiiiti  lliroiigb  it. 
Foiinil  our  diliintioii  not  V4T.v  hsIi-  nor  imrtrcKlOv.  Htvtxl  liv  tlu'  Marqiii*  vvlieii 
ft  rmiriion  liiitl  jiiHt  [iMHL-4]  u*.  Wax  [tlnuicil  with  Iuh  llnnrii'iui,  I  mi  fun  nil  I  lt»tt 
iKiiliiiijt  ti»  l>wiHi  ot  my  own,  nml  us  I  luii)  no  buslne«H  tn  dungor,  runcluUi^d 
to  nitty  no  lonKfr  lp«t  1  hI)oii1>I  ha]ip(>n  l«  |it«y  tor)  ilfur  fnr  my  ^^lIIol^lt,y. 
(Ilearil  trnin  my  frirmlH  In  (?otin<'i-tk-nt.} 

■■  I«  Tiii>ai]av.  Murninc  f"«iiy.  AcPDOniiK  it  clt^reil  orr.tbe  encniyb«Kaii 
to  nrr  on  tilt  wurliii  (farown  up  laiit  dI(iIiI,  wliloh  vteie  votialiltrulili?,  but  our 
men  wtrrii  md  covvivil  that  tlipy  mntlnupil  the  worlis  tor  lh«  while  d&y, —  no 
ilimtiiitr'  rlonc  rxr^iil  unt-  lann  woiiniU-il.  One  iiiwi  hail  bin  mrtoiK'h-box  cw- 
rtt'il  awny.  Nln<-  unrit  l>i-li>.n;ciiig  to  onr  brigtiiii>  {iftrrulol  on  tlir  f;rmintt  tn-at 
th<.'  iniri!Ui'hiiii<-ui  i.'urriiM  iLway  by  two  bnllH.  Cnpi.  Doil;*i'  ■■si-ii|ic(l  iiurrowly. 
tl»d  the  ItonoT  Id  ilSn«  n'itb<>i!urra1  Hanvcwlt  by  pariinilar  invUmion.  l>ine(l 
In  grcftt  4latp.  A  iHive  nuinluTof  ofliitn.  The  Godi-ibI  vury  coniplaianDt. 
Iiivit«(l  niP  to  Oinr,  brcakfiut  or  to  sup  wttii  iiini  wlR-neVL-r  11  snirtd  nie,  with- 
citit  nny  i-i^rouiony.     Atlft  iliniirr,  n  niiinWr  oF  jjoimI  ■ohk'*- 

"  in.  W<-iIn«Mlny.  Kog(Ey  mnrning.  Onr  Unit  bntli-ry  npeaicil.  ,^  Mnuly 
firv  from  both  liAv*.  Tlirtrir  liiindnil  Miiinon  dnvl  by  10  o'cliH-k.  The  cnviu^ 
evaciiiiteil  one  r<rOo)il<1  lierurc  I'l  ii'cjiH'k.  At  the  f-rent  rOL-k  «>n  cnir  li.-rt.  hud  a 
flne  view,  sccurf  fiotn  UaiiKer.  Koilv  In  tlic  lifteruooii  in  punull  ol  a  flabiuu 
bOftC.  A  luftn  in  on^  of  thv  trenrlitHi  1i«i1  bin  tlitifh  iriit  oR  by  ■rttnnon  hMll, 
and  expired  In  nn  hoiir  aiid  a  IinK. 

"30  Tbiiraduy.  KiTq-y  tiioriiinn-  Aateody  llr«  tlironsb  tbi^  day.  Altuitded 
ptAycrit  tltln  ttvpitin^  \tilb  ib«  brigwlc  for  the  flrat  time,  our  Hltuation  not 
admiciinti  of  ti  Iwiforv. 

"  SI.  Fridfty.  The  Frenrh  fle«l  trtiiTiiiHl  itnd  citiiie  (o  iLinliur  ott  ibi;  lighU 
houBe.  j^rcntly  dnmaffed  by  th<-  atom.  The  LiwKniuIoc,  on  lioard  of  which 
Count  C>'E«tainK  liolstvd  IiIh  tlii^,  wnn  dliinia*led  und  lo^t  lioi  rudder.  Ocie  T4 
ijtlMing,  Took  il)'-  S^-ncgnl  and  rme  bi^uib  Ki't<-b.  OcnoTnl  and  all  of  lis 
iuviivd  lo  tukc  1uiivh>;on  with  Gcii.  Hnoi^ovk.  Fuuud  il  nithcr  nn  vieitunt 
dinner  tlian  u  liincbeun.  We  all  nvlndowu  to  the  rack.  Hnw  thn  tie«t.  We 
had  two  or  three  more  lialterlef  opened.  W&rm  firing.  Coniiuiinlly  tlirow- 
tnii  b1ii«Hs  from  both  p»illL>s,  Saw  several  bnrat  In  Ibu  nlr.  Allendud  pruyerjt 
iiioriiinj;  and  vi'vriing. 

" ^.  Rntunliiy.  Wind  out.  The  tlircu  fri^IuB  In  th«  riVLr  joltiod  iho  Aeal, 
Wnrm  flrini;.     FrMynnt  inorningiMEicl  t^v)>ning. 

■'  2S.  Lord's  Day.  ExpPi'l<>d  lo  pr>-ft.'h,  and  just  prpparnl  Irt  no  up  U>  tho 
lirJuade  <vlieii  tlie  G^■neral  received  n  letter  truu  General  Snltlvau,  tnlorin- 
iun  him  that  the  French  fleet  were  ao  dtMBtered  they  could  by  qo  mnanit 
afford  U8  »)iy  usaivtiince,  but  were  ^oni}  to  Doeton  to  riitlt.  Aa  the  plan  hul 
ever  bean  tii  liihe  off  eight  or  ton  ihoiiaiincl  tni-ii  from  the  ii.>ri  of  the  army, 


OUK  FRKNCH    AIJ.IBS 


XIX 


•ml  Uitd  ibotn  on  Br«nton>  Neck  in  Uie  tmeroy's  rear,  unil«r  corvr  of  th« 
.  Fnnch  BhlfM,  for  il  wan  w«U  known  ilirlr  ISitc»  vri>in>  liii|>rp|[nM)iIr.  ibU  lOiilit 
not  be  txecatMl  wilh  any  dtftttt  of  wtfrty  ot  jitimpea^t  nf  aiii^ceiu  without  any 
oavn,  all  th«  OoiicraU  wcte  cnllcd  u|>un  to  sive  Uielr  uplnlon  wbetbvt  an' 
Immediate  ntrent  was  not  alDMitiiU-l;  nM«auirf .  TI>i>  iint-xfH-^-l«<l  tlmertlnn 
o(  tb«  flMt,  wUlrh  wiu  Uic  uuun  aprinc  el  the  expetlltlon,  <-rut  a  nuivonMtl 
gtootn  on  Iba  •rmy.aitd  ihrvw  ii§  ail  loht  vonalt-rnallon.  Oiir  moat  ii)uit^in« 
liopM  w^tti  i-roppol  In  tlir  bad,  mud  wv  exprct>:<l  imni'Httule  iird«ni  U>  prepare 
lo  more  off  llie  Krunnd.  Thto  prcr«Dtr<i  Ibf  briffHic'it  UM-viiux.  A  very  bvvy 
are  froo)  the  batlnrie*  nil  day.  Itralti  dowti  lo  Die  Uaen.  Ilail  a  Doc  pcoapMt 
of  lbs  tnetni's  llnu.  Kaw  all  our  »bot  strike  whltli  w«r«  waII  dircebod.  Onu 
man  killwl  bj  a  cannoa  ball  at  ooe  of  our  guns,— anotli«r  dlod  t^  xbe  wound 
hp  rcc*lvi^  y<tiit«nl»y  by  tlip  bunting  of  a  »lt*ll.  A  groat  number  of  nhclls 
Ihrown  In  i)ic  nigbt.  Our  pi-oplc  ^plit  ou«  IK-jiouudcr  and  oo«  t>^  ItKrli  taor- 
tmr. 

"  H.  Monday.  Aa  much  ol  the  >i«ary  iMtfUpiga  inoved  off  last  night  aa  po«- 
alMft,  A  lH>dy  of  men  ruiraalcd  to  Blrfingthen  the  wnrkH  at  Butts'  Hill.  Al 
Ihn  lincm—  Itravy  Hrw  — array  prspariag  to  rt'treat- 

"  33,  TiieHday.  Very  h«ary  firing  —  >4hell«  nl  aight  —  ordem  to  he  ready  to 
rrirvotl  at  a  moment's  notice. 

"M.  Wedneiiday.  Especti^  lo  ri.-treal  al  <i,  tliU  morning.  Brigada 
pan»d«d— wot  alloor  baggttgeoR  the  island  ~  extnato  bot.  But  rumalued 
on  tltv  grotiuil.  Concludml  lo  Ml  out  mynett  for  Connecticut,  ('aiiie  off  tlie 
Island  at  4  P.  M.  CrOHac«l  Bflalui  f«rry.  Bode  to  rrovUlcnco,  and  lodged 
■bout  a  mile  out  of  town." 


Tm    SOCIBTt    OP  Tap.    cntOINSATI. — AN    KRIIUH    IN    lll«TO»r 
(.-01UtlH-tKl». 


This  .Sueivlv,  of  wliicb  Wiuliiuglou  wai>  Ibe  flret  President,  was 
QrgnDit<»I  iu  Ai>ri],  17tj3.  Stale  Miodetiea  wuro  fdrnicd  tlw  Mtmc 
ye»r.  For  rcuotts  not  ocwwary  hero  to  cotwidcr,  the  Parent  and 
SUh'  .Soriclios  wi'Pi'  bUlcrly  nssailwrl  lij-  mt'ii  |iriirniijfiil  in  public 
affnirfi  and  hI'  mmmmiiliti<,'  inlliiviK-is  «lii>  predicted  llie  dirvat  cuuw- 
()Ul'IH»!I  froiu  ihftr  cxlsteuce.  Tbo  uvwspupen*  "f  (lie  diir,  with  few 
i!xw|rtiun«,  gave  ciirrvnry  to  llieiie  lioMilu  iculimentji,  while  fnittluHH 
effon*  wero  made  to  ahlnin  their  siipprcitfion  hy  K-giiOAlivc  urtiou. 
Willi  a  b«UHr  midersift tiding  of  the  design  and  npiril  of  ihe  C'luciji- 
miii,  lite  liuslililr  9o  strongly  displayed  gradually  di»Hpl«ar«l.       k 


been  ic  auv  wi,*.  -■  iia2*e^Hx»  ii  :.•-  toit-..  zjisrr:.  mx.  amisr=-  of  lie 
UuioE,"  «iic  I'aaz  ivyi^-^'l  ix^ir  r^ti-rrsa  azt  Mus'twasK  »iae- la^ 
have,  with  Iik    ii^iluiv-.  eaJ  ri    *?T«j'a».  *^c±M»»rt-     Ii.  IK   iituilK 

Hevulutiot  t>v-:iH  t'r^  i'  W  (*-,"  :at->  >  su:  ^— ^•3bH'«-  «a,fcf»ffc  -nio- 
iup  i*»  Rmnk-  IsiMud.  »  ui,*L  •.;  fc-  p~i'iv-  *f^.  ;.  r»T-*«,  1;  &.  ib«: 
"Rbo^  l*i«iui  iiis:"ii:K'ii.-«eHl  *ii.-z  iv  »i—  ■t:ij»ir-  •?■  »p?^  immimTT 
of  ibo  (.^nlcr."  Wbt'iix—  tii^-  s::i:-.  n*-.:.  s>  t»*c^  o"'—  a  T»-«irTui 
CK«1  tu  tiif  Hisi.i-Ti ,  i^kTi.  T-na:  :;-.  3^.!_*vSls  :.»  -  f  ■■■-jniML"?  Jttir- 
dhU"  April  i>,  ITm.  •  iii.-:  A.-v-i^  -•  *  -.  .r,:»-  -.i*,-  :Be  >:ah  re  dtnde 
lelitud  is  (iflcniiiiKv  !.^  .itsr-j-iirur^  »t  '  »i:v  :'v---  icf^ia.  «m  i»  • 
meiuWr  of  tin-  ».>\Wt  t-:'  :ik  l  :!»,-:::'ai.:-.  ii:'il  -^'Mrr  uaeir  iann»liit 
of  ImWiuiT  «IM  I'.'s;  1-:    i>.'i'.*r  .-.n-  :-u<  i;i»ii"-  Tte  r..\i-- smnc"  i«e» 

iv«»r^,  «iiJ   (>;' ".in    U:<.vk    l-viv :  ,L    :•;  •■siw.wr^   ;»:'  !7SS   kbc   17?4. 

auUittrist'^  Q>«' t.>  s*;*  ;iiK;  ;■-,  :;:f^r  .-.:  -.i"^  sa-iiiDfr-:*  s?  ^cKawd  hr 
f»rts.  TIk-  Giiii--^;  A^s^  :::;■-■'. .  s.  >.-  k>  -it*  T^-.-sv^ai-  sjk-w.  aera- 
"  drtrnuhit-il "'  i.^  *;:>:'-*i>.-   :S4    »;  ■»  ,■   1-,-  ,-i;:j!i»  j.c  tit*-  re**»a  «t 

nils  evor  iitu-iu}t:(^.  NiiuiVrs  .n:"  ::<  ii>-*i:  ^5s:ii^i#ii*«c  ^lex  Ja.  ike 
Sute.  who  wvri-  tth'i«lvr>  .»;'  ;ix-  S.*-?.-:*  .«;"  lit.  CinrniBaii-  i«>  tW 
cKww  of  ihfir  Ihi-s,  ItfW  iiu:vw-:»-.::  rvlC->-  iJ&."«^  Ro:  t  »*  D«dleae 
tu  pursin?  llu>  Mil'iiv:  I'tiri'nr,  V^v  •\;*.vr»;<-  »tsi"<s  7C-  Kara  more 
of  ibf  IVu-iit  Stx-ii-rv  s;m  < !"  i:;.  Ki-^-^^"  I*iAT>.A  i»ssvx"ifcie.  is  r»*erprd 
to  the  *'  Moiiu.it>  A  i!ii-  H:s;on.-;<"i  S.x!v:v  ,-•  IV^T^fvS^'-a.'"  V<4- 
uiiie  VL.  aiiJ  l.>  iIk-  ovlwMsli^c  !:i»;or\  i>:"  :Sc  Rivvii  I?^T»d  Socirtr 
by  Miijor  As*  BiM  llsrvhicr,  IX,  O,,  l'-^;U>i  S;*Sf#  *raiy. 

THE    svKitn    v>»'    iu»;    -."ixciNNxn    in    FR-KXCX. 

As  the  rr«.Mii'Ii  «ii\iU.trv  frnvs  Iwvi  Vft  the  rni:«J  Saa«s  before 
the  iQslituiiou  of  tliv  Ot\ior.  Ot.":ion»l  \Vas4uUj:tv»a.  *s  IVwsiJent-GeD- 
eral,  OQ  ib«  ^'Jih  of  CK'tol>cr.  IT^,  wivt«  to  L«  Comte  de  Bocliam- 


«KM  WKXSKM  *B^rpff  SOU 

«&£.  ttiL  cfis'  QCrit  uT  EMtARimiMir.  astnsmuzwf  cliuu  IM  di»  Kmiiosr  4^ 
T«r-  til.  iitt  raii£  iittthm-  iie-  £1115, 

•OtL  die  ItltiL   uf  ±111:  auuidt-  ILtiu*  XTH-  mi  tft*  nuwc  fflifWriiM^ 

juts  wi»    liluiwttt  31  ^vtar  ^tti^  :iimii^  -i&amrxinn.  •acfx^  Dli»  eBMRlb' 

;iil.  3iB  ^niimr  gipriiJHaiiiL- 

ITiar  jfimdnirTr  ^pmKiiuk:  -v'uim  utiiBliatfc  aij  di«^  yMWummt  -v/f  mem*- 
Ii*tmuti  uiiuctii'iiitt-'tiBiiiiKuiiu-  .itiiii:li&  .pufMC -oMpffiMst  \w>»  miib- 
JtMShrt.  11  ittuw  iiH  mcuiiiniR  nuiiiilKtdftnifc 

J^iilit^  due:  LnraoMKti  liter  uuuunhMt  jJuunniMR  1^  riinr 'flMSimdnik. 
3>iiiiiik.  rliac  x  ww-  :iir-  :v«utatiillt-  -wtntim  in. :«  .^nac  ranaK,.  ,ii«j|U>tiw 
u5  viinh  .lonKiiMtm'itui  jidt^nenri^  jianMiiuti. 

ITie  oignjri.  jmniiMffwiiiii  Trifc  iI^h  iwvwnMrTlu  ,Itmtt*ti  flf  j wwr  .olut' 
iaiii  dniB-  ^nrixTiBKadl-  imC  ■niumiueuU''  «i.  -thBiimt:  v/t  ^tagtiuuKomum 
■Miimlmi.  -a  ijiit  Tjuatseaim-  u* :!)«:  laut  si^«-  ^vtiiiO-'Wi*  :ti«  ibiagiiMi 
■IT  -iuflirian. 

Tie  ^rrsmar  mn  vnt-  -iiiiin  :n  'Iik  fsosnitiadnn  it*  mnllmmifc.  nM: 

3U    OML.-EVSL  dlf?- WVTMr   tUUM  'U    V<*M9*-    tw.  TV(fllMU«  ^fUUlttnitiiuUI;,. 

-fn»  Mnnuutt  imii   tie  £111^  iwt  hmunlr  «^tiKt  lur  mmruvit.. 

Hje  4Mr»er  n-  'lir-'L'ii*?ini«i-  n  ^'■mins  )««iaie.'tirft4}in<!:;..ifiR  u! 
"be  noBT.  ditin^nutiM  Mai.  ■sk^tuitv*  I'jmKn-  .n.  Sutnge,-  nvt  vun^ 
^^TiM.  n.  tse  itoBr  nanr  o^  -tie  vmroMl  i?"i>ne:i  DbsRL. 

y^'"-  rfW  -^■""  vti:M«».»  :-^  awn -pr7  jMnUar  «: 'tie't.(nrr  u* 
^«nniU»L.  am.,  mantr  a'-  tie  'Homer  ?<T?mi.  3afc>Uiv«  hhI  MMKifvLU 
ae'ii;    lie  attaxtftrBaa  *na-  iimaiir'  'sx-tautvttr  wndwcL-u  lii*'  ^aaoi- 

-fe.  •TFas-  «!»•  t»  Ksne  riur  mimtmvTUHu   tiai:  » .ja«:  at- Snttmmr^: 


-■■ri,p^ii  nMt-mfleij«'J>«»nu3^iweMaiMmaH*HiMMiwaemK 


l~i*ii..  BL.  k  HMTueiitL  dt-  £uewcnihnu^  ?>eaitk!ic  tr  tiR-  F?ifst*L  ?ttMit 

iMuuw  a!'  fieitcM)  wiif'  iw£  -tcrcvc  n.  ^bt  JHU  — JLaaDKT'  taxrr-l"  Mud 
werf  tMusidenc  It  jMaiiet-  ZUc  UKtaaHrr  oaui&aDiiiiiit. 

Tiw  'fine  meAiiir  «f  Hit  Cfcvtc  ii  Trmaet  w  ikiac  a  fic^  m.  iW 
TtL  u''  Jhuubtv.  1~*^. 

Iv  sli  UK  niinciuenu-  uf  ^Jm-  Siaie(-4!^*«iM!nL  n:'  Z/rfi'.  hwsf^  im- 
eHiaidiBhiDeui  uf  etnucincioiiMl  fiwenmeic  tim  FTVina.  Cnirmnaxi 
werv  cuut^ucoooH. 

Hie  aiTva  <c  kbe  Ki&£  uic  xbi:  iiiuirir-ariiu.  re  um  tviti.  (C  ler- 
rur  ptn  an  toid  it'  iIh-  mtviius^  nf  lix-  C*rdtr.  uid.  ■?  utc-  mfanlicn- 

deveeuL.  uid  a^ios:  ubirfc  iefisliibia:  was  lakiik.  xtx-^  -wr^  iarvri  w 
tuui^mitt.  or  wttre  imnri^MiDpd  or  rn3koiN^. — mH}  Tvt  nr  sbrre  ii«T- 
in*  bv«]  able  i(>  rvUUL  ilM-ir  ;dacv>  in  Tbr  ancj-  nr  ut^. 

Tbf  rwpord  uf  nrtrina]  TiwjDi<«^  it  Fr»nf»  sbo»^  tiiai  nearer  all  in 
tbe  miiharv  nerticf  rts<t*  ic  In  reaerju  iiffirrrj  :  vliDe  of  ibojv  in  tbe 
navT,  a  lar^-  DinDlvr  wa?  jirmuotcd  tmn  the  ^radt-  of  C-^uuunr  6e 
VaisMan  lo  W  C'hefe  d'Eat-adrv.  Rear  w  >"i«'  AdmiraK  and  a  frw 
to  the  QDU9ua]  diriiiiT  of  Admirml.*  « 

On  papep  ^0i■^-,^^^*  i#  a  di-scripliou  oi'  tJw  «*)phr«rk»n  of  ihe  hinh  of 
the  DaupliiQ.  pnnided  bv  ttn*  Frcitch  niintittor.  M .  I^irome.  at  which 
WashiogtOD  and  RiH-hatiilit'tiu  were  prosl*.  iVvr  xhe  life  of  ihi? 
heir  to  tlie  Fprnch  ihnnw  it  rtond  tti  inyslt^ri-  hai^rs.  Oii  the  one 
baud,  it  is  affimit'd  tliat  lie  di«>d  iii  1 T9A,  and  on  ibo  olh*'r  that,  hi  the 
age  of  I*u  years,  he  wrs'  (V»iisipiied  lii  tho  I'aTv  nf  >•  Simon,  the  cob- 
bler." a  brutHl  man  rmiding  in  raris,  timW  whivM'  inhuman  Irwtt- 
mvDt  he  became  idiotic,  and  in  thai  condition  it-a>-  clnndc!>tin.>ly  cai^ 

•  Begirter  of  the  So<4f ty  of  ihc  t'titdtiMll  (n  Mm-  n\mlf  nf  Hh<Mti-  t»hnHl  ami  l^wMfaoe 

PluutiotM,  1783-180, bj  Aw  Bird  itardnN,!.)..  IV,. t«iV*  a<It^w«I«'  Vm\r**  SMmuM^. 
A  Intuit  SecretWT. 


OUR    FRENCH    ALLIES.  XXIU 

ried  to  America,  and  placed  in  the  cnre  of  an  Indian  family  at 
Cauglinawaga,  N.  Y.  ;  that  at  about  t)ie  age  of  thirteen  or  fourteeu 
years  he  recovered  liis  reason  ;  that  he  wascducated  for  the  ministry  ; 
that  H  missionary  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  to  the  Indians, 
known  as  the  Rev.  Eleftzer  Williams,  was  none  other  than  the  son  of 
Louis  XVI.  ;  that  the  Indian  woman,  his  reputed  mother,  did  not 
acknowledge  him  to  be  lier  child ;  that  he  had  none  of  the  character- 
istics of  an  ]ndian  ;  that  he  closely  resembled  Ix>nis  XVIII.;  that 
in  nhildhood,  boxes  of  clothing  an!  medals  of  Louis  XVI.  and  Marie 
Antoinette  were  luft  with  him ;  that  various  marks  on  his  body  cor- 
responded exactly  with  those  known  to  have  been  on  the  body  of  the 
Dauphin;  that  Belanger,  in  1848,  confessed,  when  dying,  that  he 
brought  the  Dauphin  to  this  country  ;  and  much  more  of  this  sort ; 
that,  in  1818,  at  a  dinner  party  given  in  New  York,  the  French 
Minister,  Genet,  said,  "the  Dauphin  of  France  is  not  dead,  but 
was  brought  to  America";  that  the  first  knowledge  Mr.  Wil- 
liams had  of  his  royal  descent  was  received  from  ihe  Prince  de  Join- 
ville,  by  whom  he  wns  visited,  in  1841,  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining, 
for  a  princely  consideration,  "  a  solemn  abdication  of  the  throne  of 
France  in  favor  of  I^uis  Philippe,'*  then  King  of  the  French,  which 
proposition,  much  to  tlie  chagrin  of  the  Prince,  Mr.  Williams 
declined.  Mr,  Williams  does  not  appear  to  have  been  elated  with 
this  assurance  of  his  royal  parentage,  nor  did  he  ever  take  steps  to 
assert  his  claim  to  the  throne.  In  "  Putnam's  Magazine  "  for  Feb- 
ruary, 1853,  under  the  head,  "  Have  we  a  Bourbon  among  ns?" 
this  remarkable  story  is  told  in  detail  by  the  Rev.  John  H.  Hanson, 
with  an  introduction  by  the  late  Rev.  Dr.  Francis  L.  Hawks,  of 
New  York.  Of  the  merits  of  its  claim  to  an  aflirmative  belief,  the 
reader  will  judge. 

THE    YORKTOWN     CENTENNIAL    COMMEMORATION. 

It  will  be  seen  (pages  537-568)  that  considerable  space  has  been 
given  to  an  account  of  this  commemoration,  in  which  Rhode  Island 


XXIT 


FVXF^CX 


Wi-;  it-t-^-ii:  »:  V. »-«.-.  »  :    Jinr^  :"h!  t-ia-s  irrG^-o-?^  u»£  ik««£  sit 
»?  WY-i  **  lis    iirr>vT.:  *:-4.-\«oo   ;<ir^   •fc;^    r-v^a   a.    ^    oissiB- 

J  .■lr■,',"v^■7^"^^■s■       |;  «*>*■    .■\\   «■>*-'•.    i'-\*.-i   ■,;    ■•••y        N'..-<t-.;   irinx* 


«\.i.    >.■.<       I.«,«.vs  — .k.-         s*~— ••- 


OUE  FBEXCU  ALLIES.  XSV 


Al-THORITIKS. 


Id  coUecting  materials  for  this  volume,  I  Imvo  hv»»  many  ytmn 
engaged.  Xot  le88  than  two  hundred  printed  author  it  ivn,  iii('hitliii;( 
the  publications  of  twenty  French  officers  in  the  army  tuid  iiHvy  wlio 
participated  in  the  American  Revolution,  have  Ihh'u  plactMl  within 
my  reach.  By  the  cordial  permission  of  Henry  V.  A.  JohUii,  Kiuit 
the  Providence  City  Clerk,  I  have  made  a  careful  exumination  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  town  and  of  the  town  council  during  the  entire  war. 
An  exaroinalioQ  of  the  Fawtucket  (North  Providence)  rewmlo  liiui 
alto  been  made.  By  similar  cordial  permixHionH  of  the  Khotle  iNland 
State  Executive  Department,  the  Rhode  lalaml  IliHtitrical  Society,  the 
Ma.asachu9ett9  Historical  Society,  the  American  Anti<|UArian  Society, 
the  New  England  Hintoric-Genealogical  Society,  tlie  New  York  His- 
torical Society,  the  PenDDylrania  Historical  Society,  artd  the  J'ruMi- 
dent  aod  Librmriao  of  Vale  College,  I  have  t*een  made  ac4|uaiutc(I 
with  the  numoscripts  in  their  retipective  arehiveD,  i>earing  upr^n  my 
line  of  inquiry,  besides  which  I  have  had  the  um:  of  a  largir  number 
of  nDpabUsbet]  diaries  and  tKher  family  pspers  of  tlie  K<!Volutiouary 
period.  Bot  BTfCwkhManiiii^  tbU  wide  ncr«pK,  aitd  with  uiiwiMirie«l 
emieavor  u>  be  thf^mzh.  I  dr>  tKit  aif^iime  tlmt  tit*;  fusU)  iuu>  been 
exhau.'ftriL  I  bav«  frfyb^rffrird  Ur  \it:  a^Turat*;  in  my  rmrrativf.  but 
will  wA  t^ifma(Ut»Ilj  aifino  tbal  no  «;rTor  in  iitM.tHW*:iii  '^n  ht:  fouud. 
It  bar  \0rr:i  an-  ai^  l>>  4>i  Wwjrabk  juHi'^  t/t  tit*r  inialiiabl'^  M;rvi<.-ei- 
of  "One  FcrvH  AxjJtw.''  awi  u»  fi  pr^mtrut  tb*  »iilU;nt  points  in 
the  tu><ese3>  '^  tbr^  I4a»j  if^/fi*.  aod  tl>*:  itetKiti  of  th>:  SlitU: 
ambormefe.  m*  Vj  *%JAk.  uwtxr  mnaaal  fatrvAMu  in  tiiuei-  of  tit*; 
grea&esi  *:mKST'rvrT.  1:  lii*  I  brif«t  I  ba»«r  «*^*fcd«*l.  I  u»:e<l  •jIi\'- 
a<ld  tine  s.  fcw-tjhig  ^  ««H9«^^  '^.  KJw^  L>4Hbd.  itw]  ul.-'.  n. 
^Ter^    X  tw    iM^iffn^Mur:^    «wS»rW».  I    i^tf.  luwk    ins*:    u.tf.  ot    Ui. 


nil 


mzrAiTE. 


Tin-  d«(«Ilni£  i>i>n-*(  iC  1  .V«:<-;  Cv-ix-  -v,x^  -e  lb*  ^•atbt*^  (^■CDer 


>l.»rt..r.,  .Vn>f--i."7i'    M  ;  .■^■. -    -  5"'».-i^  ■•    :».    :.-.-t*i-- >:;■.'   :-    M.  *\ri-\v, 

lVvsj.ii*ri;   .^t  :r-,    V-\  rw    K.  .^-.S  •-        V' r^  «■*>  .V-'v    *:   (.r.  jiuilh^KV 


1 1'   ri    iHiNMv    ij(\  .V.   «  ill.    ;■■>,■•.  iS    -N  ■><.•.■">..    N'v ,   ».t.v' ,,    -•     fc- 1    .S(»,c^\ . 
■*r\.  lo  iN'-jviHT^r.-    il>.    ^!-.Vv   vv'":.  .x-v"^,;    !v».i-'    K'^tln    nzid 


rf. 


.-> 


^-r. 


LIST    OF    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


I'OKTRAITS. 

AilatuK,  John  Qiiincy,  (steel  jilatt^) 

Allen,  Za<-hariali,  (hU>p1  {ilAt«,). 

Arnulil,  <i«iieral  Beneilict,  ((rlwtrotjpc.) 

Artbiir.  Prtisiilent  Chester  A.,  (hU'pI  jilnte,) 

Andre,  Miijur  John, 

Anthony,  Hon.  Ilunry  R.,  (steel  pliite,)    . 

Ahlrieh,  Hon.  NelHon  W.,  (Ht«ol  plate,} 

Bowen,  Depnty-Governur  Jal>ez,  (HSIhuunltr, 

Barnui,  VU'c-Ailiniral, 

Cralk,  Dr.  Jaine^,  (ftjlhonettc,)    . 

Giistine,  Ic  Comte  <le, 

Chautclhix,  le  Couite  tie, 

Cornwallis,  General  Lord,   . 

Chowy,  General, 

Dearborn,  Colonel  Henry,    . 

D'E-staing,  Vice- Admiral, 

Doyle,  Hon.  Thoiuaa  A.,  (steel  plate,) 

Drowno,  Captain  William, 

Drowne,  Dr.  Solomon,  (wti-cl  plate,) 

Drowne  Henry  Thayer,  (steel  plate,) 

Dumas,  Count  de,   , 

Dc  GroHse,  Ic  Comte,     . 

Denx-Ponts,  Count  William  dc, 

Eames,  Hod.  Benjamin  T.,  (sterl  plate,)  . 

Fcrsen,  Count,  {steel  plati-,) 

Franklin,  Benjamin,  (9t«el  plate,) 

Garfield,  President  James  A.,  (stocl  plat«,) 

Glover,  General  John,  (phot<>-lifh(i(;raph  from  litliopjaph,) 

Gates,  General  Horatio, 

Greene,  General  Nathanael,  (steel  plate,) 

Greene,  Colonel  Christopher,  (steel  plate,) 


.■520 

r>az 

22 
549 
2>M 

:hs 

.142 
244 
?81 
100 
225 
22li 
4(» 
40H 
4fi0 
«7 

r.79 

279 

.T20 

;i3] 

aiKi,  .'198 

4;h 

»4li 
40!l 
.Ml> 
.^46 
130 
132 
496 
384 


OUR    FRENCH    ALLIES. 


XXIX 


HISTORIC    BUILniNGS,    &r- 

Brick  Hoiisn,  Noa.  .VIZ  ami  .1*1  Nortli  Main  struift, 

"  Brimllvy  Hoiise,"  utid  Battlc-flelil, 

Bri<:k  HoiiHc,  near  Snim  Point,  . 

BatUTiea  of  Light  Artillery, 

Continental  Currency,  upeeimcn  of, 

Calouiul  Cnrrency,  npeciiuen  of,        . 

City  Hall,  Provideneo,    .... 

KlBR-Ship  "  Ville  de  Paris," 

Hancock  Mansion,  Boston, 

Home  of  Depnty-Governor  Jal>ez  Bnwcn, 

Hacker's  Hall,  .... 

High  School,  Providence,     .... 

Lafayette,  baa-relief  pf,  ... 

Library  Building,  Brown  University, 

LilRTty  Tree,  Providence, 

Moore's  House,  near  Vorktown,  Va., 

Narragansett  Hotel,  Providence, 

Nelson  Mansion,  Yorktown,  Va.. 

Ulney  Homestead,  .... 

Rliuile  Island  CoUe^^e,  (hospital,) 

State  House,  Newport,  (hospital,) 

Surrender  of  Cornwallis,  ban  relief, 

Trinity  Chiircli,  Newjiort, 

Vernon  Mansion,  Newport, 

Vernon  Arms,  ..... 

Wanton  Mansion,  Newport, 

Webb  Mansion,  Wethers  field,  Conn., 

Washington  Ring,  ..... 

Yorktown  Monument,   .... 


31 

324 

fi7 

58 

.■Ml 

lit 

247 
252 

mi 

520 
.V$3 
.■><H> 
4(>ri 

nso 

428 
444 
196 
218 
477 
33B 
22!) 
230 
2(52 
39;i 
518 
544 


AUTOGRAPHS. 


Angell,  Colonel  Israel, 

Arnold,  General  Benedict. 

Andr<^,  Major  John, 

Barras,  Vice-Admiral,    . 

Btfville,  M.  de,  Quartermaiiter-General , 

Bowen,  Colonel  Ephraiui, 

Bowen,  Deputy-Governor  Jalfez, 

Cooke,  Governor  Nicholas, 


4:t» 

22 
2110 

:m,  vm,  fXNi 
.wo 

147 

240,  450 

4S 


XXX 


AUTOGBAPHS. 


Cnrnoll,  Goneral  Ezekiel,     . 

m 

Cornwallifl,  Lord, 

4^,468,482 

Criiik,  Dr.  James,   . 

190 

Gliantellux,  1e  Coiiite  i1«, 

226,  .W3 

CIioiRy,  General  Lewis  Etliis, 

408 

t>'E»ttain(;,  Vice-Admiral, 

99 

Do  Grasae,  Admiral, 

396 

De  Ternay,  Admiral, 

603 

Doonellan,  Thoin&H, 

117 

Drowtie,  Captain  William, 

279 

De  Prctr,  Major,     - 

328 

Dela  Touclie,  Captain, 

4U 

Dumas,  Count  de, 

331,603 

Duportail,  Chevalier  Lewis  LebeRiir, 

40!) 

Foster,  Theodore, 

.               .                       116 

Glover,  General  John, 

91,  130 

Gates,  General  Horatio, 

114,  132 

Greene,  Governor  William, 

158 

Hancock,  Governor  John, 

78 

Halsey,  Thomas  L., 

250 

Heath,  General  William, 

19,l!M,ti02 

Howe,  Sir  William, 

.■505 

King,  Dr.  David,    - 

347 

Knox,  General  Henry,  , 

410 

Lafayette,  Marquis  de. 

443,  605,  614 

Levy,  v.,            . 

57 

Luxerne,  M.  de  la,    . 

170,605 

Malmedy,  General, 

36 

Nelson,  Governor  Thomas, 

.        426 

Noaillcs,  Count  de, 

465 

Olney,  Captain  Stephen, 

440 

Olney,  Colonel  Jeremiah, 

449 

Peek,  Solomon, 

001 

Uochambean,  General  le  Comte  de, 

201,  20(i,  20K,  Hm,  .502.  rtl2,  001,  (Ktt 

Rush,  Dr.  Benjamin, 

mi 

Silly,  M.  de,  Lieutenant, 

008 

Spencer,  General  Joseph, 

49 

Sullivan,  General  John. 

117 

Symonds,  Captniu  Thoiuas, 

468 

Tnimbull,  Governor  Jonathan, 

149 

Taric,  Commissary  M.  de. 

217,  21!",  501 

Tilghman,  Colonel  Tench,     . 

491 

ore  FSZXCH   *irnB^  rxxi 

Vmmam,G*mtnlJa^t»M^       ....  M 

Vernon.  Wiltiaa.    ....,.,        *3J 

Wud,  Secntarr  Hcair.  .....  S» 

WMhingtoB,  G«Mssl  G«ocip.  4J.  fT.  Q4.  JKT.  «».  «H 


SOSCfLLAXBOCS    ILUTSTRATIOSS^ 
Be»con  on  Procpcct  Hill.      ......  M 

BUskowitz'f  Topognphknl  Chan  of  ^">mc»»"'"  Bmt.  'WvtiitM  of.  ^ 

Battle  Map.  fK.  I..t  ......  M* 

Cannon  pr«9eated  to  G«n«nl  Natbasa^l  Grc«*e.  WH 

CornTallis.  Locd.  Ajks  of.  .....  -DM 

EHagnm  of  Freseb  EngMtanint,  Xorth  Pronfean.  3IT 

Fon  on  ProH>«r(  HOI,    ......  H 

French  Heajqoaiten'  Tent.  .....        310 

Flag  of  Second  Bbode  IslMd  Beeineai  at  Torfctowa.  1711.  43 

Flag  I  British  j  taken  at  TorittowB,    .....        <73 

Oranite  stab  over  the  gnn  of  AdBtiral  be  TenaT.  :U3 

lodiao  I>anc«.  ,  .251 

Inriution  to  balla,  .....  St,  3K,  Stl 

Lewis'  Map  of  part  of  Bbode  Island.  .  .         m 

Ij^nding  of  French  TitK^M  at  Xewpovt.   ....  30S 

Moral  Tablet  to  Admiral  De  Temar.  .        Mt 

Pass  to  Sheriff  John  BeTcrtr.      .....  3W 

Plan  of  Siege  of  Torfctown.  .  .IS* 

Retreat  from  Bbode  Island,        .....  110 

Rochamheaa  <SUver>  Spoon,  .....        iVl 

Bo-hambean  Walch.       ......  244 

Bochambeaa  Sword,  exchanged  with  General  Xaihan  Miller,  315 

Sahtn.  CsHar.  discharge  of,  ....  .  )C 

Sword  of  General  Jamea  M.  Vamnm,  .  M 

Sword  and  PMoU  belongiiig  to  C<rfonei  Ephraim  Bowen,  I4» 

Sword  of  Lafajette,  .  .173 

Ship  "  General  Washington,"      .....  t!T6 

Sorrer  of  French  Encantpmeni.  Xorth  Providence,  .  310 

Sword  of  Colonel  Christopher  Greene,  .  .  .  3M 

Sword  ot  Colonel  Jeremiah  OIne;,  .449 

Surrender  of  Cornwallis,  (Trmnboll,)       ....  478 


PART    I. 


PRELIMINARY  EVENTS. 

.JTTO  one  who  rends  the  history  of  lUiode  Isliind  in  its 
^^>  documents  Jind  well  authenticated  traditions  can  fail 
to  jierccivc  traits  inherent  in  its  found<T.  Before  and  snb- 
scqiiently  to  the  granting  of  the  Cliartor  of  l()43-4  by  the 
home  government,  which  imitcd  the  three  colonies  as  "The 
Incorporation  of  Providence  Plantations  in  the  Narragansett 
Bay  in  New  England,"  the  people  evinced  loyalty  to  the 
mother  country.  But  while  loyal  they  were  independent. 
They  understood  their  rights,  and  were  prompt  in  resisting 
encroachment  upon  them.  Indeed,  they  were  a  people  who 
believed  they  were  capable  of  t;iking  care  of  themselves,  who 
chose  to  manage  their  affairs  in  their  own  way,  and  %vho 
asked  no  aid  from  the  Throne  other  than  the  protection  in 
their  prerogatives  that  would  secuie  them  from  unauthorized 
foreign  molestation.  Yet  they  honored  the  King.  They 
respected  the  government,  whether  a  monarchy  or  a  com- 
monwealth, and  the  tone  of  individual  and  legislative  expres- 
sion was  in  accordance  with  this  spirit.  It  was  only  when 
the  English  Parliament  passed  measures  so  oppressive  to  the 
American  colonies,  and  attenii>ted  to  enforce  them,  or  the 
minions  of  the  government  made  themselves  oppressive  to 
the  people  Ity  annoying  and  irritating  conduct,  that  attach- 
ment to  King  and  Parliament  gradually  weakened.      The 


2  RHODE    ISLAND    IN    THE    REVOLUTION. 

temper  of  the  colony  for  si  senes  of  ycsirs  was  trutlifiilly 
exhil>itcd  in  firinjr  upon  the  jirnied  schooner  St.  John  ;  in  the 
pi-otosts  agahist  the  ".Molussea  Act,"  the  "Stamp  Act,"  Ihe 
tax  on  tea,  and  refusal  to  use  it ;  the  lejrend  ()n  an  extra 
issue  of  tlie  Providence  Gazette,  of  "  Vox  Populi  Vox 
Dei,"  and  "  W/iere  (he  Sj>lrit  of  the  Lord  is  there  i.'*  Lih- 
i-i'fij  " ;  the  bontirc  of  tea  juid  the  Royal  Anns  in  Providence  ; 
tlio  hanging,  in  effigy,  in  Newport,  of  the  Attorney  General 
and  two  stamp  officers  ;  and  the  seizure  of  cannon  on  "Fort 
Island,"  with  (he  avoM'cd  ]inrj)osc  of  using  them  in  self 
defence,  if  necessary. 

The  rc(^klessncss  of  the  Parlijinient,  and  the  ftdly  of  Lord 
North,  notwitlistandiui:  the  warnings  of  far-seeing  states- 
men,  hastened  events  that  issued  in  ii  tinal  separation  of  the 
colonics  from  tlic  mother  country  ;  and,  as  for  Ithodc  Island, 
tlic  exaspeniting  course  jiursucd  hy  Ijicutenant  William 
Dudingston,  in  the  (iaspee  ;  and  later,  of  Sir  Jiimes  AVal- 
hurc,  Captain  of  the  frigate;  Hose,  together  with  other  excit- 
ing causes,  severed  tlic  ties  of  aHection,  aroused  a  defiant 
spirit,  an<I  prepared  tlic  puhlic  niiiul  to  join  heartily  with 
the  other  colonies  in  ahjuring  "all  allegiance  to  the  llritisli 
crown,"  and  to  "solemnly  puhlish  and  declare  that  these 
united  colonies  are,  and  of  right  ought  to  be,  free  and  inde- 
pendent States."  Such  was  the  growing  tenij)er  of  Ithodc 
Island  up  to  the  oi)ciiing  of  the  year  177;'). 

The  Gaspcc,  before  referred  to,  was  a  revenue  vessel  of 
eight  guns.  Her  commander  had  n()t  only  been  unnecessa- 
rily annoying  in  the  performance  of  his  official  duties,  but 
hiid  jussnmed  an  uncourteons  attitude  towards  (iovcrnor 
Wanton.  On  the  !Hh  of  June,  1772,  in  giving  chase  to  :i 
packet  for  Providence,  commanded  by  Captain  Ilenjamin 
Lindsay,  he  grounded  on  Namquit  P{)int,  (afterwards  called 
Gaspee  Point,)  about  seven  miles  below  the  town,  and  the 
tide  being  on  ebl),  could  not  get  off.  Captain  Lindsay 
carried  the  news  to  Providence.  That  same  night  the  Gas- 
pee  was  attsicked  and   btn-ned  by  a  body  of  volunteers,  in 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  3 

eight  long  boats,  comuiiinded  hy  Abriiliam  "Whipple.  Lieu- 
tenant Dudiiigrttoii  wns  severely  woiuuled. 

The  l)oats  for  the  expedition,  funiished  by  John  Brown,  n 
prominent  niercliant  of  Providenre,  were  gathered,  before 
starting,  at  Fenner's  wharf,  nearly  opposite  the  public  house 
of  James  Sabin,  on  South  ^litin  ^^trcet,  where  the  company 
cast  bullets  and  niiide  other  i)roparalions  for  the  assault. 
Conspicuous  in  this  atliiir  besides  John  lirown  and  Abraham 
"\^'hipple  wore  John  11.  Hopkins,  sou  of  Connnodore  Esek 
Hopkins,  Dr.  John  Afawney,  Benjamin  Page,  Joseith  liuck- 
lin,  Turpin  Smith,  and  Ephraim  liowon.  A  compuny  of 
boys  manned  a  boat  with  tlio  intention  of  accompanying  the 
expedition.  Of  the  number  was  the  late  venerable  Presi- 
dent of  the  Khodc  Island  Historical  Society,  John  Howland  ; 
but  he  was  taken  from  the  boat  by  his  master  Ohidding,  and 
thus,  as  he  says,  had  "no  part  in  the  boast  of  being  of  Iho 
(iiL-ipee  party."  AVheihcr  his  companions  carried  out  their 
design  does  not  appear — probably  not. 

The  destruction  of  the  Gaspce  stirred  greatly  the  crown 
authorities.  A  reward  of  £1U0  was  otlered  for  the  discovery 
and  conviction  of  the  perpetrators  of  the  deed;  but  though 
well  known  to  many  in  Providence,  the  secret  was  sacredly 
kept,  and  no  arrests  were  made.  The  story  appeared  at  the 
time  in  the  form  of  a  ballad,  attributed  to  Caittain  Swan,  of 
Itristol,  K.  I.  It  is  here  given  as  a  curious  relic  of  tlic 
l)eriod  : 

'■  'Twas  ill  the  rclyn  of  George  the  Third, 
Our  public  i)eace  was  much  Oisturhcil 
By  shlpH  of  wiir,  that  caint  mid  laid 
U'lUilii  our  ports,  to  stop  our  trade. 
Seventeen  hundred  and  seveiitj'-two. 
In  Newport  hnrbur  Iny  ii  erew, 
That  played  the  part  of  pirates  thore, 
Tlic  sons  of  frei'dom  could  not  bear. 
Roim-tinies  they  weighed  and  gavu  them  chase, 
Such  actions,  sure  were  very  base. 
No  honcHt  coaxtcr  could  pass  by 
But  what  they  would  let  some  shot  fly; 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  HEVOLUTION. 

And  did  provoke,  to  tiigrli  degree, 

Those  true  born  sons  of  liberty ; 

So  timt  tlipy  could  not  longer  bear 

Those  sons  of  Ileliul  stnying  there. 

Bnt  'twas  not  long  'fore  it  fell  out, 

That  Williiini  Dudlngston,  so  stout, 

Cominnnder  of  the  Gnspeo  tender, 

Which  he  has  reason  to  remember. 

Because,  an  people  do  uHxert, 

lie  almost  Iiiul  his  just  desert; 

Here,  on  the  tenth  day  of  lust  June, 

Betn'lxt  the  hours  of  twelve  luid  one.  ^ 

Did  chase  the  sloop  called  the  Hannah, 

Of  whom,  one  Lindsny,  wus  cominamler. 

They  dogged  her  up  Providence  Sounil, 

And  there  the  rascal  got  aground. 

The  news  of  it  flew  that  very  dny, 

That  they  on  Nani<iult  I'oint  did  lay. 

That  night,  about  half  after  ten 

Some  Narriigansett  Indian  men. 

Being  sixty-four,  if  I  remember. 

Which  made  the  stout  coxcomb  surrender; 

And  what  was  best  of  all  their  tricks, 

They  in  his  breech  a  Imli  did  fix ; 

Then  set  the  men  upon  the  laud, 

And  bnrnther  up,  we  understand;  - 

Which  tliliig  ])rovoked  the  King  so  high 

He  said  those  luen  stiail  surely  die; 

80  if  he  could  but  And  them  out. 

The  hangman  he'll  employ,  no  doubt; 

For  he's  declared,  in  his  passion, 

He'll  have  them  tried  n  new  fashion. 

Now,  for  to  And  these  people  out, 

King  George  has  offered  very  stout; 

One  thousand  pounds  to  llnd  out  one 

That  w()unde<l  William  Dudingston. 

One  thousand  more,  he  says  he'll  spare. 

For  those  who  say  the  sheriffs  were ; 

One  thousand  more,  there  doth  remain 

For  to  find  out  the  leader's  name; 

Likewise,  live  hundred  pounds  per  man 

For  any  one  of  alt  the  elan. 

But  let  him  try  his  utmost  skill, 

I'm  apt  to  think  he  never  will 

Find  out  any  of  those  hearts  of  gold, 

Though  he  should  offer  Ufly  fold." 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  5 

Captain  Wallace  Tvas  even  more  iinnoying  to  the  com- 
merce of  the  colony  than  Lieutenant  Dudiugston,  and  his 
frequent  raids  for  cattle  and  other  supplies  on  the  towns 
bordering  the  Narragnnsett  and  Mount  Hope  Bays,  as  well 
us  upon  the  islands  in  the  former,  made  him  alike  dreaded 
and  hated.  In  1775,  when  Sir  James  had  learned  who  com- 
manded in  the  attack  upon  the  (laspce,  he  addressed  the 
following  threatening  letter  to  that  brave  leader : 

"  Yoii,  Abraham  Whipple,  on  the  10th  June,  1772,  burned  his  Mfjesty's 
vi'ijsel,  the  Gospec,  and  I  will  hang  you  at  the  yard  arm, 

"James  Wali,ack." 

To  this  AVhipple  returned  the  following  characteristic 
reply : 

"To  Sill  Jamrs  Waixacb: 
"  Sir: — Always  catch  a  man  before  you  hang  him. 

"Abraham  Wiiipplk."' 

In  182G  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  American  iiulependence 
was  celebrated  in  Providence  with  great  spirit.  The  mili- 
tary and  civic  procession  numbered  more  than  one  thousand 
persons.  To  the  concourse  of  citizens  thronging  the  streets 
a  special  attraction  was  an  elegant  barouche  in  which  rode 
the  four  survivors  of  the  Gaspee  exploit  in  1772,  viz. :  Col- 
onel EpliRiim  Bowen,  Colonel  John  Mawney,  Captain  Ben- 
jamin Page,  and  Captain  Tuqiin  Smith.  The  barouche  was 
drawn  by  four  white  horses,  driven  by  Mr.  Horatio  Blake, 
landlonl  of  the  Franklin  House,  who  volunteered  the  ser- 
vice. Over  the  heads  of  these  venerable  patriots  waved  a 
splendid  silk  banner,  designed  and  painted  for  the  occasion 
by  Mr.  Samuel  J.  Bower,  of  Providence,  whose  pencil 
exhibited  the  skill  of  an  accomplished  artist.  Within 
wreaths  and  appropriate  devices,  bearing  the  names  of  the 
sm-vivors,  the  "Gaspee,"  and  tlie  date  1772,  appears  a  rep- 
resentation of  the  ill-fated  I'essel  in  flames,  with  a  boat  con- 


tl  RHODE  ISLAND  IS  THE  REVOLUTION. 

Iiiiiiing  a  minihcr  of  tlic  during  assailants  rowing  from  the 
Imrriinjr  "reek.  On  tlio  reverse  are  the  Arms  of  Kliode 
Island,  with  llie  legend  :  ''July  4,  llHi.  In  God  we  Hope. 
For  LilKTty  and  Indei>endeni-e.  July  4,  is2i;."  In  tho 
right  hand  (-(mier  of  the  obverse  jiiettirc  is  the  record  Ijy  tlie 
artist:  "Presented  to  the  Commiltee  of  Arningenients  hy 
Samiiel  J.  liowcr,  I'inxt."  After  tlic  eelehration  the  ("oni- 
mittcc  presented  it  to  the  llhode  Lshnid  Historical  Society, 
in  whose  cabinet  it  is  stilt  preserved.* 


Till-;   BALL    BKCLN'S   TO   KOLL. 

ENLISTMENTS.  — HOSriTALS.  — ARM V  OV  OUSERVATION.  — EM- 
nrtVO  OF  THE  AMKltlCAX  NAVY.  — FEMALE  PATRIOTISM.— 
SOLIHEUS'  UATIONS.  — CorXCIL  OF  WAR. 

^^ROM  the  I!tth  of  April.  177.7,  when  the  news  arrived 
fvJj^  that  liritish  troop.s,  nnder  Major  Pitcairn,  had  marched 
from  Boston  to  I^exington  aiid(''oncord,to  seize  military  stores 


•Siiinufl  J.  Il'uvf-r,  •'tin  iif  .lulin  mill  Hmmr  Bowit,  wns  liorn  In  J'rfiviik-nui'.  I'rinr  Id 
uiiil  after  tin'  K"''>t  Si'iili-iiibrr  gii^f  in  1^1.1,  lie  ki|il  ii  ilry  ^vdtU  store  on  C'ht-ii|isidi',  Xiirtli 
Muiti  wlrt'tl.  On  tlir  iiii'nirmil)li;  iliiy,  h1ii>ii  iIic  HikhI  Ii:ii1  Mii>]it  nHiiy  till'  !»riii)ri'  fonncH- 
\nf  till'  I'ust  ullil  wi'-t  jiiili—  of  tilt'  rivpr,  lie  wun  miibli'ii  to  n'm-li  lii-i  liomp  i>ii  riiir  alrcH 
only  !))■  (jnshlnt;  up  nmnil  tlic  nortli  ^illl■  of  tin-  Cuvr  inul  -wiumiinK  iutiitis  a  iiiirriiwiT  |>'>r- 
llciii  of  1  tip  imury  si  renin.  Mr.  HiiwerV"  fiillier  nns  ill-tiiiBui»ln-il  a-  ii  ciirver  in  wikmI.  Iieing 
cim.-'klereil  oiic  of  the  most  exjifrl  In  lii»  iirufes-inn  in  llie  eoiinlry.  Ilii-  "  Turk'*  Uenil," 
U'liicli  for  many  yewr''  Inokei]  ilowii  witli  liercimiiiK  flriivity  iijKin  ]iiis»i'r.-  Iiy  from  its  eli-vu- 
lion  on  WliilniiWi'H  ISlork,  at  Ill>>  junction  of  Weslnihisteraml  Wcylxi.MM-t  street:!,  iinti  wliiull 
WH"  subat'iLiently  n^iiion-'l  iin'l  curried  to  llie  Sonlli  or  WeM,  unil  a  sliitni-  of  WufliiliBtou, 
which  >ti)«il  ul  llie  wi-l  end  of  M'liahinjjlon  Ilridpe  ut  Iiiilhi  ruiiil,  nnd  whidl  wilS  swept 
nwny  in  the  September  giilt-  of  Ihlo.  were  tiieelineii!!'  of  his  hiindinork. 

Mr.  llower  enleri'd  llie  nrniy  In  llie  war  of  1^|■,■,  uiid  in  n  in  I  its  loud  to  Inive  lleld  ti  Mlbor- 
(llnnte  comiiinnil.  lie  WHS  on  hi»  nay  to  New  (Irlcim-i  al  tlic  time  of  llic  liiitlle  there.  He 
iiutH<ei|ueully  niuri'hed  to  (ieorgla,  where  lie  o'ltiiineil  some  exjH'rience  [n  skirniivldni;  witli 
tlie  Iniliui)!!.  Aflerlenving  the  urmy  lie-  neiit  South,  u»<l  spent  fomr  lime  In  Millnlf'rvjlle 
iinil  SiLVHitnah.  Keturiilnc  to  I'rovidence,  he  rnfriij:i>d  anew  In  III-  liusine.i.''.  which  he  i>iir- 
rued  Ht  ililTerenC  IliiieH  on  Mui'ket  t^c|iiiire,  Weyl>os>et  Htreel,  iiml  in  the  llmnillon  unil 
till-  Dyer  IjullUini;!'  on  We!<tmin*ter  street.  The  ludtr  In-  cMTiipieil  until  his  ileitlli,  whleli 
orcurred  March  7[li,  ISflO.iiI  the  njre  of  sixty-three  yeiirn.  Mr.  Jlower  wbh  liiaiily  reiiiierted 
In  the  cuniiEiuuily  fur  hl>  inurul  und  iiuciiil  worth. 


OUlt  FRENCH  ALLIES.  I 

tliere  deposited  b}-  patriotic  coUmists  for  expected  use,  until 
the  clo.se  of  the  wjir  of  the  Kevohitioii,  the  p;itrioti.sni  of  Rliode 
Ihihind  W!i.s  iLstir.  Matcriiils  for  the  inmiufaetiire  of  powder 
were  eollceted,  a  powdex-mill  was  built,*  magazines  were 
cstabli.-;hcd,  tire  ships  were  procured,  a  tloating  battery  was 
ordered,  obstructiori.s  to  the  approach  of  the  ci i c my "^  ships 
were  jirovidcd,  and  oi'diuince  was  east  at  Hope  Fiirniicct  in 
Cranston.  J 

The  (Spirit  of  this  period  is  ilhistnitcd  by  the  fact  that 
with  the  exception  of  a  small  number  of  loyalists,  neai-ly 
every  able-I)odied  male  person  in  the  colony  between  tlie 
apes  of  sixteen  years  and  sixty,  ftu"  a  lon^rer  or  shorter 
time,  bore  arm.s.  Providence,  during  thi.s  same  period, 
was  literally  a  military  camp,  and  the  street.s  were  daily 
enlivened  by  thc^  presence  of  8()ldiers  and  the  sound  of 
martial  music.  The  Providence  (Jazetle  of  December  l!S, 
177.^,  says  "not  n  i-hiy  passes,  Sundays  exeei)ted,  but  some 
of  the  companies  are  under  arms,"  while  Stephen  Jenks,  of 
North  Providence,  and  others  skilled  in  the  manufacture  of 
Jire-arnis,  were  indu.-jtriously  engaged  in  furnislung  muskets 
f(»r  the  approaching  time  of  need.§      Hesides  the  constnnt 

*Or  tliiit  Mill  Caleb  Hnrria  iva"  Rppijiiiltsl  ovcrsi'cr. 

*  Ku'k  nnpklni' niiit  Jo<{>pli  Itronii  wi-r^  n]>|iiiiiit('il  h  Coiiinillli-i'  1ii  fro  t)irmt|:li  l)iv  i-ol- 
iiiiy  iiMil  I  Id  en  III  1 11'  in  ivliat  plHrcs  il  luuy  W  ul.■l1■^?l^r>-  lu  iTi-a  Imtli'rirs  or  uiilri'noliiin^iila 
for  its  (liTi'ilfi-. 

lA|iril,  irr.1,  in  Uip  iliatriliulliiii  i>f  ^..'i^iil  |niiiii(ls  of  powiliT,  mill  (lur-iiURrliT  jmrl  of  the 
Icuil,  liulli'l:'  mill  flhilH  1ii'li>ii(;iiip  1(1  (lie  rolmiy,  rriiviilciKV.'  nri-lvi-it  14>  jnmiuls  of  powiliT. 
3:;r  ixiiinihurii'Hil,  UIS  fllulr';  Ntivjiorl  rcfilii'il  :w.i  piminU  of  iH.wclir,  r.-MiH.umls  iif  Ifuii, 
i:,isri  Hint". 

ni  Aiipiiil.urilic  Kunii'  yi'ur,  llii'  GciiituI  A^'sfiiilily  volcil,  "  Mini  tliis  coluiiy  will  ]mri;lium 
all  tlic  |tiiii)i<iwiliT  Ilmt  nlinil  lie  liiiportcil  licrc  txTori'  llii-  1st  uf  A|iril  iii'Xt,  ul  liip  nilf  ot 
llircv  Kliilliiijis,  tuwrul  iiiuiiry,  h  jiuiitiil." 

In  1770  tliiTi' Hcrt.' I-IA  ouinmii  ill  t)ir  .'^Inli-,  (INtriliiiliil  a.^  fiilliitvi! :  Ni'n|iort  I'liiiuty,  U; 
I'mviili-npecuiinty,  ^;  llristiil  ciiiiiity,  15;  Ki'iit  cutiiity,  17. 

{  ChI>Iii1ti  Sti'|>h('ii  Ji-iik*  matiiiriiirliiml  inni'krts  fur  si'vcml  nf  llii'  milillii  i.'oiii|iHiiiva  of 
tilt- ciilciiiy.  ni-  ri'i'lilcil  Iti  I'nH'tiK'ki-t.  Hi?'  Krrat  uim-^Inr  ninit  to  Niirtli  Truvlili'iirv, 
nrrorilinif  to  tra'llllon,  us  parly  u.-  Ifiia.  IIi-wii*  a  iMilous  ijiitrkit  ntul  aiirimiliiciii  cliizeti, 
prci-UIIng  Ht  most  uf  llii-  imlilic  LitiKliiFtiH  mi'i'tlngs  ur  tliv  town.  Hi'  'lli-d  >iii  Siiiiilur,  Nor, 
ItlMi,  IMNI,  Iti  tlii'  Ki-vi'iily-l'iiiirtli  yi'ur  <if  lii-  iif;c,  Ivitviii;;  ii  u  iilou-  ami  sixly  ili-ncciiiliintii  Ici 
mourn  IiIk  ilcpHrtiirv.  lie  wa..|  n  kiml  liii..t<nn[l,  tin  [nilii1|;i>iit  purcnt,  iiiiil  an  ubli)!lii|;  iiHkI>- 
txir.  Till'  wiiluw,  till'  tiriiliaii.  nml  nliivrs  in  dlslrr>.'>  ivcro  jiartnktr-i  or  liiri  iH'iirvutfnvv. 
Ilf  Iran  a  miiii  of  nun  ml  jiiitjcini'iil  and  iuli'^rily.  Hi-,  iatt  hk-kiii-^s  was  iHirnu  witli  a  calm 
n^igtmtlon  lo  lliriviil  of  OihI.  Uii  funeral  took  iiliirc  from  ilir  iii<'«tiii>!.|iiiUM'  on  the 
Tiii-Hlay  after  lila  deceasp,  on  wtildi  iM-cuiilon  a  jHTtliiciil  itircoumr  won  dellrrrcd  by  tbe 
U«v.  Ur.  Ilurlej',  of  Cambridge,  Slaaa. — Sre  note  in  CtHtennial  Uiatory  of  J'aKlucttt. 


8 


nnODE  I8LAKD  IK  THE  KEVOLUTIOS. 


enlistment  of  men  to  fiil  tlie  rejrimcnta  of  ColoueU  Lippitt, 
OIncy,  Kirhmoml,  Hilcht'oclt ,  Criiry,  Topliam,  <ireeneT 
Varnum  and  Klliott,  troops  frecjncntly  passed  through  the 
town,  (sometimes  GQtiimpin;r  for  the  nijrht  on  "Atatthew- 
son's  Plain,")  on  their  raaa-h  to  join  tlie  jirniy  inwler  the 
imm<*<liitte  comiuund  of  Wiishinf^on.  The  General  .Vssom- 
bly  dirtttc<i  the  cstalilishni<'nt  of  Ilospitiils,  und  Dr.  Jona- 
than Arnold  was  nppointcvl  "  Director  and  Providetor,"  Dr. 
Isaac  Senior,  of  Xewport,  liospilal  burgeon,  and  Pre. 
Stephen  Wigncron  and  Joseph  Joslin,  Keginientid  Snrgcons. 
Publiu  necessities  led  to  taking  posscittiion  of  Khodc  Island 
Collogo  ns  early  as  1776,  to  Iw  use*!  as  a  Bjimivk  and  Hos- 
pital. Aticrthe  liattle  on  Ithodc  l.shiiul  the  niimhcr  in  the 
hoS]7ital  was  increased  to  about  one  htindi'ed. 

In  I77S,  the  late  Dr.  Levi  Wheaton  liehl  the  position  of 
Hospital  Steward,  "in  point  of  fact  a  Surgeon."*  George 
Stainer  was  AVai-d  Ma.ster:  William  Temple,  Thomas  Pig- 
gin,  and  John  Stantield,  Tendeiv :  Sandi  Slniner,  Mrs. 
Darnes,  Mi-s.  Poltitiger.  Air-*.  Biiiles,  and  Snkey  Olnej, 
J^urses;  Samuel  Tlinrlicr,  Hospital  Commissary.  Mr. 
Thnrhor  serve*!  about  n  year,  nnd  was  siu'ceeded  by  Oltiey 
Wiiisor.  For  a  short  time  Drs.  Jackson.  Hutchinson, 
Hugun,  Sweet,  Wilson,  Hardin  inid  I'arsons,  were  Svirgt^ns. 
Dr.  Peter  Tiinier  was  a  Surgeon  in  Colonel  Isnicl  .Vngell's 
Battalion.  Dr.  John  IWtlett  sened  as  a  Surgeon  in  a 
l{liode  Isliuid  Urigade,  luid  was,  in  1777.  a  Director  of  tlio 
Rhode.  Tsl.-ind  Hospital.  I>r.  M'illiam  Whitcridjie  altendcd 
on  sick  soldiers  at  flowhmd's  Ferry.  Dr.  William  Chacc 
attended  on  siek  and  wounded  stddiers.  Dr.  Caleb  Fiske, 
of  &'itnate,  performed  simitar  sen^ices.  Dr.  Solomon 
Drownc.  of  whctm  a  more  extended  notice  will  Iks  found  Jn 
another  i)art  of  this  volume,  served  as  a  Sui^eon  on  boartl 
the  private  sloop^f-war  Hope,  during  a  cruise  in  1780.  He 
also  served  for  sevcml  years  in  the  same  capacity  in  various 
hospitals  and  regiments. 

■CowiU. 


^  • 


OCB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


9 


There  were  liotipiluls  at  itmlul,  Warren,  Tiverton,  and 
elsowhpre,  liiit  no  com|>l(!lG  list  oC  surgeons  employed  in 
tlicm  Iiiis  conic  to  light. 

At  an  tsiirly  (lay,  an  "Army  of  ()I»servul)«n "  of  l.SOO  men 
was  misod,  of  which,  before  Juno  1, 1775,  more  than  1 .000, 
bpsirlfs  the  I'niteJ  Train  of  Artillery  with  fonr  tieM  pieces 
iiml  twelve  siege  gnn8,  liatl  joined  the  Anicri^in  iirniy 
cuenmpm)  at  Iloxbnry,  near  Itoatnn.  In  1778  Khodc  Islimd 
had  tive  reginieiats  in  the  lieM,and  in  addition  to  tiie^e  there 
were  olevt-ti  ind»'])endcnt.  eharteivd  companies  ;  ainonp  them, 
the  Kcntiph  tiimrds,  the  Kingston  Reds,  ihc  I'awtuxct 
Rangers,  and  the  I'rovidcnco  eompunies  of  Cadu(8,  Artillery, 
and  Iitfimtry,  ready  as  minute  men  for  any  ^rvJcc  required. 
Kor  was  llti:»  cxhiltition  of  jmtriolism  confined  to  men.  It 
was  shared  equally  (ils  in  the  lute  war  of  the  Kehellion)  by 
wivcB  and  daughters.  They  siuin  flax  and  wotd  and  wove 
cloth  niid  made  gnrnienls  and  knitted  &tocking>J  for  the  army 
with  an  enei'gy  and  a  pcr-iistence  which  only  a  tnie  love  of 
freedom  coidd  have  inttpired.  They  took  the  places  of  their 
hnshiinds  luul  lirothem  on  the  farm. —  jdotighliig,  planting, 
and  harvesting  the  crops, —  and  thus  helping,  in  an  import- 
ant way.  the  achievement  of  a  Xnlional  Life. 

For  army  rations  the  (ieneral  A^seuildy  made  the  follow- 
ing allownm-*- :  "One  pound  of  l»rea(| ;  one  pound  of  beef 
or  pork;  a  half-jwuny  for  vegetables ;  half  a  gill  of  rico ; 
one  pint  of  milk ;  one  quart  of  ifccr  per  day ;  and  one  pint 
of  niola.s.^es  per  week.  That  once  a  week  in^^ead  of  meat 
they  have  a  |>oinid  rtf  tish,  nn  ounce  of  l>ut(.er,  and  half  a 
pint  of  viiu'gjir;  Ihat  If  they  have  no  milk  they  he  allowed 
a  gill  and  a  half  of  ri«!  per  day  ;  that  if  the  half  peruiy  per 
day  for  vegciidjies  he  not  sufficient,  the  Hrig)idier-(  lenoral 
be  em|iowered  tii  increase  the  snme  to  a  sufficient  allowance  ; 
au<l  that  the  ('^munissjiry  furnish  tlicm  with  the  »amc  qutui- 
lily  of  soap  ns  i*  allowed  by  the  colony  of  Massachusetts 
Bay  to  their  lri>o|«s."  It  waj»  further  provided  tiir  all  [K-rsoos 
who  entertained  soldier»  on  Uic  march,  that,  "  if  they  bupply 


10  RHODE  ISL.\KX>  IN  THE  EEVOLITK'K. 

Iwt  thrve  nieals  of  riciuaU  l»efore  the  troops  loave  the  house 
ihey  shall  l*e  allowiM  nine  penot  per  meal ;  if  more  than 
tfarf«  mesiU  that  they  l>e  allon^e^i  for  ihe  whole  at  the  rate 
of  nine  sthillin^  jxt  week  :  that  in  eolJ  weather  two  fienee 
yiCT  night  shall  l*e  allowed  for  eaoh  <<^<linerV  l**doinff:  and 
that  T>t>  liijuor  he  found  ihem  on  the  colony"?  a<-eouni." 

To  leave  noihinij  undone  thai  woiiKi  impart  increased  effi- 
ciency to  pwhlir  a<-lion  a  borne  Council  of  War.  con>isiin<r  of 
Governor  Nicholas  Owke.  Dc-j'iny-Govemi^r  William  Brad- 
foni.  Stephen  Hopkins.  Ara^mse  Paire.  John  Fenner.  John 
IVxler,  Jfishua  Ba>>ooek.  Cromwell  (.Tiild.  William  Grci-ne. 
and  Henry  Ward,  Secrt-Tary  of  State,  was  apjviinted  l"y  the 
(teneral  AssemTOy.  and  measurv-s  were  contx-rted  "for  the 
well  heing  and  soturiiy  of  this  >tau-,  and  lie  Uniw^i  States 
in  ffeneral."  At  different  fK-riod*  diirinir  the  war  the  follow- 
ing per<«ons  were  niemlx-rs  vif  ihJs  C- -until :  Ebenezer 
Thompsf»n.  Daniel  CaJuxtne.  Chri>to]fher  Kllery,  Oiristopher 
Lippilt.  Janie*  Arnold.  Thomas  Romreil,  Samuel  BaKx>ck, 
Gideon  Hoxsie.  Jolt  Conis!*"K-k.  tiideon  <_"omstofk.  Imman- 
nel  Ca*»e.  "niomas  Willis.  John  Vjx^ike.  JaT«ez  Bowen,  Par- 
don Gray.  Ks<-k  Hopkins.  John  Jf-nekes.  John  Northnp. 
Jonathan  J.  HaAzard.  Jnsjjih  Humphrey,  TV(^-*c'riod  Pearf*. 
Panl  Mnmford.  CAleh  Gan^ner.  Peter  Philli]>s.  Xnthan  Mil- 
ler, Thomas  Tillinffhast.  AVilliara  M'esl.  John  T.  Clarke, 
Jowph  Stanton,  Sylvi-ster  Gardner.  Eoliert  Elliott,  William 
Ijidd,  Beniionin  JVuime.  Gideon  Mumford.  Thomas  Hnlden. 
William  Tiu^rarl.  and  Jeremiah  Clarke.  At  first,  nine  shil- 
lings, law  fill  money,  w  en-  alkiwed  for  each  dny's  utiendance. 
to  memW-rs  residing  onl  f.f  Providenc-e,  and  six  shilling*!  to 
members  ro^iding  in  town.  In  ]7>i]  the  compensation  was 
incrpAsed  to  fifteen  shillings  ywr  day. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  confederation  was  dcsti- 
tnte  of  a  nnyy,  and  although  yirivat^wrs  were  industrions  in 
their  m(Kie  of  warfare,  this  desritmion  was  severely  folt. 
Tlhode  Island  l^ogan  the  work  of  supplying  this  nped.  Two 
vessels,  the  AVnshington  and  the  Kuty,  were  equipped  and 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  11 

placed  in  command  of  Abraham  AVhippIe,  with  the  title  of 
Commodore.  Subsequently  the  number  of  vessels  was 
increased,  which  may  be  regarded  as  the  embryo  of  the 
American  Navy,  commanded  by  Esek  Hopkins,  who  had 
been  a  Brigadier-Genei-al,  while  Whipple  continued  in  com- 
mand as  Captain  of  the  frigate  Columbus.  The  exploits  of 
Commodore  Hopkins  at  Nassau  and  elsewhere,  gained  for 
him  among  the  enemy  the  reputation  of  a  brave  and  ener- 
getic officer,  greatly  to  be  feared.  A  poet  of  the  day  repre- 
sents  Neptune  as  being  disturbed  while  he  lay 

"111  dalliance  soft  and  anxious  play," 

with  his  favorite  goddess,  and  directing  the  winds  to  go  forth 
and  make  known  who  dared  to  shake  his  coral  throne  and 
fill  his  realm  with  smoke.  The  winds  obeyed,  and  having 
witnessed  a  battle — 

"  Amazed  they  fly  and  tell  their  Chief 
That  How  ia  ruined  past  rellur, 
And  Hopkins  conquering  rode. 
*  Hopkins ! '  said  Neptune,  '  who  Is  he 
That  dares  usurp  this  power  at  sea, 
And  thus  insnlt  a  God?' 
The  Winds  reply  :  '  Id  distant  Land 
A  Congress  sits  whose  martial  Bands 
Defy  all  Britain's  force. 
And  when  their  floating  castles  Roll 
From  sea  to  sen,  from  Pole  to  Pole, 
Hopkins  directs  their  course. 
And  when  their  Winged  Bullets  fly 
To  reeufttate  their  Liberty, 
Or  scourge  oppressive  Bunds, 
Then  Gallant  Hopkins,  culinly  Great, 
Tho'  Death  and  Carnage  round  him  wait, 
Performs  their  dread  command.'" 

The  result  is  that  Neptune,  in  amazement,  resigns  his  Tri- 
dent and  Crown  to  Congress,  and  says,  aa 

*'A  tribute  due  to  such  renown, 
These  Gods  shall  rule  for  me." 


12 


ItnODB  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOIXTIOS. 


Esek  Ilopkiua,  »au  of  William  and  Kuth  Willduson  Hop- 
kins, and  lirnlhcr  of  Uovcninr  .Stephen  Ilnpkin.s,  was  bora 
in  Scitiinto,  R.  I.,  April  2C,  1718.  lie  wn«  in  youlh  lii-ed 
a  farmt-r.  1ml  occasional  visiU  to  Provideufo,  wIk'il*  lie  saw- 
ships  and  sailonn,  awakened  a  desire  to  plough  the  son,  which 
he  did  for  several  yeai-g.  Tlie  primary  lessons  in  scaman- 
sthip  Uiiia  taken  ])rovud  of  grejil  lietTice  to  him  in  t^nbdetpient 
years.  It  was  while  so  enwai^^d  thiit  he  saw  the  pcniieious 
effects  upon  sailors  of  the  prevalent  piactice  of  using  "grog" 
at  eleven  o'eloek  in  tlic  forenoon,  and  fonr  o'clock  in  the 
ntteniunii,  a  custom  be  ahjuix^d,  and  during  his  long  lifo 
totally  abstained  from  the  use  of  intoxicating  liipioi-s  a&  a 
bevenige. 

On  XorcmUer  2>i,  174fi,  "Mr.  Hopkins  married  Desire  J. 
B«rro!i<;fhs,  of  Nc^vport,  by  whom  ho  had  four  children. — 
John  H.,  Heart,  AbigijII,  and  Samuel.  About  1751  be 
removed  to  Providence,  where  he  took  i)ai't  in  public  affairs, 
and  frcijuently  represcnletl  the  town  in  the  fJeneivd  Assem- 
\)\y.  He  nfVervvards  settled  in  \orth  Pn>vldence.  At  the 
(jpening  of  the  Revolnlioii  he  sided,  as  already  seen,  with 
the  sons  of  freedom.  Uy  (iovernor  L'ooke  he  was  eomiuis- 
eioncd  a»  Brigadiei"-Gencra]  in  command  of  mx  himdred 
men.  In  177.1  Congress  a])poiuled  him  ('ommander-in-t'liicf 
of  a  navy  then  to  ho  croiifed,  and  which  he  did  miieh  to 
create. 

In  Febnuiry,  177G,  Commodore  Hopkins  with  a  fleet  of 
eight  vessels  sailed  on  a  sneecssfnl  expedition  against  New 
Provideuee.  The  forts  at  Xawaii  were  taken,  and  all  the 
cannon  and  military  stores  brought  invay.  Tliese  consisted 
of  eighty-eight  cannon,  fifteen  mort^irs,  fi\'e  thousand  four 
bundled  and  tifty-eight  shell,  and  upwards  of  eleven  thou- 
sand round  shot.  On  his  return  thiilv-six  of  ihese  ciumon 
were  landed  at  New  London  for  the  defence  of  that  place, 
twenty-six  of  which  were  subfie(|Uently  transferred  to  .\cw- 
iwrt  for  tlic  same  ptu-pose,  greatly  to  the  joy  of  the  inhabit- 
ant*.    Twenty  of  these  wei"e  ordered  by  Cougresa  to  be 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  13 

sent  to  Philadelphia,  but  upon  a  spirited  remonstninec  by  a 
committee  of  the  General  Assembly  being  made,  showing 
the  great  danger  from  the  enemy  to  which  Xewix>rt  was 
exposed,  the  order  was  modified  to  six  Trom  Xew|H>rt  and 
fourteen  from  Xew  London.  AVhen  off  Block  Island,  on  his 
retum  voyage,  he  fell  in  with  and  captured  the  British 
sloop  Hawke  and  the  bomb  brig  Boltou,  both  well  provided 
■with  ammunition  and  stores.  For  this  act  the  President  of 
Congress  complimented  him  officially. 

Two  days  after  these  captures,  the  Alfred,  (the  flag  ship,) 
the  Cabot,  Captain  John  B.  Hopkins,  and  the  Columbus, 
Captain  Abniham  AVhipple,  attacked,  unsuccessfully,  the 
British  ship  Glasgow,  of  twenty-nine  guns  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  men.  For  this  failure,  arising  from  imavoidable 
causes,  both  the  Commodore  and  Captain  Whipple  were 
censured.  The  latter,  justly  indignant,  demanded  a  court- 
martial ,  which  was  not  called.  With  a  better  understanding 
of  the  affair,  the  President  of  Congress  addressed  a  letter  to 
Commodore  Hopkins,  saying:  "Though  it  is  to  be  regretted 
that  the  Glasgow  Man-of-War  made  her  escape,  j-et,  as  it 
was  not  through  any  misconduct,  the  praise  due  to  you  and 
the  other  officers  is  undoubtedly  the  same." 

When  the  Warren  and  the  Providence  were  built  Commo- 
dore Hopkins  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  former. 
The  committee  appointed  by  Congress,  under  whose  super- 
vision these  vessels  were  built,  consisted  of  Kicholas  Cooke, 
Nicholas  Brown,  Joseph  Russell,  Joseph  Brown,  John 
Brown,  John  Smith,  William  Kussell,  Daniel  Tillinghast, 
John  Innes  Clarke,  Joseph  Nightingale,  Jabez  Bowen,  and 
Rufus  Hopkins,  all  of  Pro\idence.  The  master-cari>enter  of 
the  Warren  was  Benjamin  Tallman,  and  of  the  Providence, 
Sylvester  Bowers.  Mr.  Tallman  was  born  in  Portsmouth, 
R- 1.,  in  the  year  1741.  He  established  himself  in  Provi- 
dence as  a  ship-builder,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the 
niost  skilful  naval  architects  of  his  time.  He  built  about 
one  hundred  sail  of  merchant  vessels,  some  of  them  of  the 


u 


RHODK  ULAKD  »  TllK  KEVOLtTJOX. 


Iwymt  cUuiof  j4jt|M  (Vfurimctcd  En  IboM  days.  Two  of  thrm, 
Um  Aiiii  hikJ  Itui  IIo|M%  owned  hy  Broun  and  Ivr^,  aad  tlitr 
(iwirtpT  H'«ttbin;r1^iii,  ownnl  l>y  Jittm  Itruvrn,  atluined  ■  di»- 
Uugui»lu-4  n\tulaiitm.  Mr.  TkIIiuuii  tuok  au  active  pgirt  in 
liie  wtir  of  iUt!  llfvoliiliiMi,  aiui  hiu-4-(*>Mirely  held  the  mnk  of 
Mnjur,  lAfuti'naitt-C*AotnA,  dik]  (Colonel.  ^Miiltr  «enin};  in 
CnUfUi-l  Itii-hiiinti'l's  ru^iuiviil  he  waa  engaged  in  the  Imttlc  uf 
I>i/ii;{  Jklniiil,  hIu'I'c  hu!  HiifrL'rcd  M>vcrcl,v.  Ho  died  at  hta 
b'iDie  in  VntviAt'iH'ct,  JiimT  10,  183i»,  agtrd  ninety-five  y«ara, 
univerMilly  n.'specled. 

It  hnii  Iwuii  ttiD  eoniuiori  lot  of  men  of  ])iircrit  motives  who 
hav<»  randeri^d  vnlmililit  »virv\ce»  to  their  country,  to  he 
HitNiJIed  by  tha  lunj^iic  nf  nlaiiiU^r,  and  to  luive  vile  insinuations 
ur  |Hi»irlvi'  I'liiir^'ffl  niiide  fur  llio  drhlriK-tinii  nf  ilipir  cbur- 
uelL-r>4.  U  »viin  Ml  uitli  Wunliingtuii.  Tl  w;w  m)  vvilU  Grt'vne. 
TbU  (irdi-al  llii|)ltiuH  liid  not  eiteape.  1'herc  were,  unfoi-tti- 
iiHtidy  fur  Ihi'  credit  of  a  tnio  in«iil»K)d,  tjiasc  who  could 
dot  iiiipreviate  liiit  patriotic  /.4>al  and  di->lntcrc>sled  efiur1«  in 
the  caniiO  nf  freedom.  Wiit  popularity  excited  euvy,  and 
hl«  n<l\n(iil  lo  nulionltniite  piildic  inleresU  to  private,  created 
hualilily.  Itii  Hun  in  ixiniidHfdy'it  wny  and  niic^t  he  rcrnuvcd. 
Hoan  HM  lu>ai-<l  the  voice  of  mliiiuny,  and  in  Jutie,  177(>, 
he  (net  tin*  Marino  ('onnnitlee  a1  11iiliid('t])hiM  in  reference  to 
cinlain  chniTtca  tlml  liml  hceii  ]>rcferr<<d  a^ipiiiist  him.  He 
waft  aldy  dcffiidt'^d  liy  •Inliu  AdantM,  actpiitted,  and  rctainc<l 
hUi  iNUuiiunid.  'Ilic  eonunitliic  ilirected  bini  to  ])urchu!iu  a 
tKihwmcr  he  Imd  taki'U,  antt  added,  "thi»  schooner  must  he 
called  till'  IlupkiuM," — u  fcigniticaiit  i^miplinient.  umler  the 
i-ircni)ihi«ni-cH,  to  an  etticient  and  fnithfu)  officer.  The  ilis- 
(tngiii»h(H]  ConmuxUuxi  John  I^iul  Jone«,  an  intimate  friend 
of  t.\immi>tlore  Hopkins,  writing  to  him  in  reference  lo  bis 
PhUatlulphia  exiwrii'nce,  says : 

"  I  kihfw  yvKi  win  iiui  sHipect  uw  ot  Omturf  nrh«n  I  ilDriu  I  have  not 
n^tfltracail  »  wore  alncvrv  plMAar*  for  a  loa<;  lime  pAsl  thu)  thr  ac«Mtat 
I  b«w  lud  of  roar  tevlNg  galtwd  yoor  cutM*  »l  PtiUadclpht*,  In  »plc«  of 
f*tiy.     Y^«w-  bic  muMv  wltl  Urwl  U>  jrow  (kitim  MtTmta^ ;  by  poiotlns 


OUR  FRENCH  AI^UBS. 


IS 


ont  jnnr  fHeiMts  and  eneml<»,  jou  ttUI  bu  thereby  cunbK'd  to  retain  IIm 
nnv  purl,  niilk  yoii  aro  giiAnlliii;  agiiltiHt  the  utlirrs.  You  will  be  thrice 
welroinp  to  yonrnntlvc  land  nud  to  your  nrareat  conccniB,  Afltr  your 
Ute  Hhnrk,  ih^y  will  mirv  you,  »»  golJ  frmn  tin*  lire  of  more  wortli  nnd 
value  i  uud  kiMiider  will  ktvp  Hflvnce  wlivn  A  Jmlnil  llopkhiN  Is  meiitlonvd." 

The  next  ymr  h«  wua  Hgnin  cited  to  appear  before  the 
same  committee,  iiiit  as  no  s[>euitic  charges  were  made 
H^iiiiKt  him,  he  neglected  (bp  citation^  niid  January'  2, 
17(7,  vroA  ■iismiit.'if^d  the  i^erviee-  Hut  thi.s  lU't  did  not  dim- 
inish the  contidenc-e  and  rasped  of  his  rellovr-citizonM.  His 
iittefiihiess  to  the  Colonies  nt  a  moment  when  they  were 
stmjffiling  into  national  birth  no  one  questioned.  His 
bravery  was  Iteyond  dispute,  nnd  his  worth  us  a  patriotic 
citizen  was  universally  Acknowledged. 

Wiiilc  of  nn  independent  nuiid,  and  deeidedly  pronounced 
in  his  opinions,  (he  Coniniodoi-o  wa-t,  in  private  life,  social 
and  hearty  in  his  wetcouies.  flis  title  "  Comnninder-in-Cbief 
of  the  Navy,"  i-onftrred  u]>on  him  by  a  law  of  Congress, 
was  desifHi^d  to  make  his  position  correspond  to  that  held 
by  Wu!<h)n<^ton  iis  Couimanilor-in-Chief  of  the  anny.  H\a 
pay  was  $125  per  month.  In  otKciitl  correspondence  ho  was 
addres«<ed  as  Comiuodore ;  but  in  private  and  in  the  papeni 
of  Ihe  day  he  wius  frcijiiently  styled  AtimivoJ. 

In  nJiO,  while  a  reprosentitive  for  the  town  of  North 
Providence,  he  was  ia^truuiental  in  securing  the  nnaniuious 
ap[H)iittttient  of  President  Manning,  of  Rrown  University, 
na  a  delc<mt6  t"  'he  t'ontinental  Coniircss. 

His  death  took  place  February  2fi,  1^02,  in  the  elghty- 
fimrtli  year  of  his  a^fc.  His  reutoiniD  lie  in  the  family  groiuid 
in  North  Providence.  A  fine  portrait  of  him,  painted  by 
Hcfulc,  is  in  the  jwsiM'ssion  of  Ilrown  Univei-sily. 

Thus  closed  the  earthly  career  of  the  founder  of  the 
American  Navy.  IliK  publiL-  nnd  private  papei's  irarae  into  the 
Iiand»i  of  .ludpe  J.  Dorranw,  who  had  liin  estate  in  charge. 
Subsequently  they  wore  obtained  by  the  late  Judge  WiUiain 
R.  Staples,  who,  under  the  sanction  of  the  hoirs-al-lflwc, 
deposited  theu  in  Ihe  lilitHk'  Island  Historic^d  Society. 


16  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


FORTIFICATIOKS. 

GENERAL  BENEDICT  ARNOLD.— COMMODORE  AltRAHAM  WHIP- 
PLE.—THE  PROVIDENCE  COMPANY  OF  CADETS. 

'3[(^K{>M  1774  to  1777,  Providence  became  well  guarded. 
,*Jj)  Forts  on  Prospect  Hill  and  at  Fox  and  Field's  Points 
bristled  with  cannon  ready  to  thunder  dcfiiuicc  at  invaders. 
The  town  ordei-cd  an  intreuchnient  to  be  thrown  up,  to 
extend  from  Sflssafras  Point  to  Field's  Point,  "sufficient  to 
cover  such  a  body  of  men  as  may  be  ordered  there  on  any 
emergency. "*  A  breastwork  for  the  protection  of  sharj)- 
shooters  was  thrown  up  a  little  north  of  llowci's'  Cove,  and 
a  redoubt  at  Bullock's  Point.  Mr.  Thomas  X.  Sumner,  a 
former  resident  of  Providence,  in  a  letter  of  "Kcmiuis- 
cences"  addressed  to  his  daughter,  dated  "Brookline,  May 
13,  1834,"  says: 

"  I  remember  In  ndditlon  two  clrcnlar  forts  called  reiloiibts,  south  of 
the  miiin  furt  on  the  height  of  the  hitl — one  noith  and  one  south  of  the 
powder  house  which  stood  on  Powder  liuniie  lime.  Tliis  lune  was  then 
the  only  road  to  what  wfl»  called  the  upper  ferry,  now  cuntrul  liridge,  I 
believe.     It  led  by  where  Mosea  Brown  now  lives,  or  did  live." 

The  Fox  Point  Fort,  or  "Fox  HiU,"  as  styled  in  the  town 
records,  was  built  I)yC:iptain  Nicholas  Power,  "in  consulta- 
tion with  Captain  Ksek  Hopkins,  Amlirosc  Page,  Esq., 
Captain  John  Updike,  Sir.  Samuel  Nightingale,  Jr.,  Captain 
William  Earle,  and  Captain  Simon  Smith."  Although 
Blaskowitz,  on  his  "  Topographical  Chart  of  the  Narragan- 
sett  Bay,"  1777,  nites  the  fort  at  ".50  guns,  18  and  24 
pounders,"  the  town  at  first,  whatever  incrt^ase  may  after- 
wards have  been  made,  ordered  "  a  battery  of  six  18  pound- 

*"Onc  day  last  week,  Mr.  Crompton,  with  one  of  Ills  Light  Tnfiinlry  ilrumirxTS  nnd  two 
of  the  CuUct  flrerf,  wmt  rouitdto  nollt^' tlie  SonR  of  Freedom  wlio  liad  tlic  imblic  good 
and  emfety  at  heart,  to  repair  to  Itackcr'ii  Wharf,  with  sucti  Implf  ments  a,*  art  u»ei1  in 
Intrenchtnjt,  wiiere  a  boat  wst  reaity  to  take  tlicm  on  board  and  trani<pori  llieiu  to  the 

■hore  between  SHi»a(Vai  and  Kidd'i  I'olnt Wltii  what  liiid  Ix'eii  dune  by  a 

liDntb«r  wiio  went  ttie  day  before,  we  liirew  up  a  brea^twoil  that  extetitlrd  near  one  quar- 
ler  of  a  mile."— Letter /tQot  Dr.  Solomoit  Drowne,  I'rovideiue,  Augntt  13, 1 113. 


OUR  FBEXCH  ALLIES.  17 

era,"  four  of  the  cflnuon  "to  be  mounted  as  field  pieces." 
Captain  Esek  Hopkins  was  appointed  to  the  command  of 
this  fort ;  Captain  Samuel  Warner  was  appointed  Lienten- 
ant ;  and  Captsiin  Christopher  Sheldon,  gunner.  Seven  men 
Tvore  appointed  to  cjieh  gun,  who  were  authorized  to  select 
from  their  numlier  a  captain  and  !i  gunner.  A  watch  of  two 
persona  for  day  and  night  was  also  provided.* 

The  items  of  expense  are  preserved  in  the  following  bill 
brought  to  light  in  removing  the  town  archives  from  the  city 
l)uilding  on  Market  Square  to  the  new  city  hall : 

Tuw.v  OF  Pitovii>KVCK  To  Nicholas  Power,  Db. 

1775.  Aug.  16.   To  H8i  Daya'work  for  mcu  bulUIlng  Battery 

at  Fox  III!],  .        .        «t  3  p  day.    22      4    » 

To  paid  ThoH.  PIttmnn'a  wages  ami  billot  for 

3  months'  Guard  at  the  Battery  ft-om  Aug. 

30tli  to  November  30lli,     .        .        .        .9     15 
To  p'd  John  Jouca  wages  iind  billet  fur  same 

time, 7     IC 

To  pd.  Tlios.  PIttmaii  for  3  montbs  &.  7  Days 

at  [obscure] 10    11     3 

1776,  To  pd.  Jiio.  .lones  bill  for  8  weeks  £  3  Day, 

from  Apr.  S  to  May  etli,    .        .  .      2    11     6| 

To  Bamanl  Eddy's  Bill  for  ProvisloBa  for 

men  at  work  ou  Breast  Work  at  Field's 

Point, 16 

To  .Toliij  Pitts'  Bill  for  Guarding  Battery  & 

Billet  2  months, 6      9    5 

To  David  Lnwrince's  Bill  for  Stores,     .        .314 
To  .Johii  Browu's  Bill, 13     >i 

£63     IS    3i 
To  Addiugton  Davenport's  aid  for  nse  of  his 
Shop    for    11   Watch    House    for    Towu 
Watch, 13 

£61     IC    5i 

•The  Uiuird«forFux  I'oixT,  frnm  Janunry  to  Julr,  1778,  wpn- arrangoil  asfollown: 

Cnjit.  SiiU.  Srrgt.  Corp.         Kififr.     Privalei. 

Jannar7  4 0  1  1  1                  1                  ao 

M»y  31 0  1  1  3                0                ao 

JoneU 0  I  1  2                  1                  18 

Juoe  17 0  0  1  1                g                12 

July  H 0  1  ::  z 

FiKtD'9  Foist, 

Jonei;,      ....  0  1  1  2               1              .16 

JoIyH 0  1  1 

8 


18 


RHODE  ISLAND    IN    THE    REVOLITIOX. 


•. ^ 

eiTCH    ALL  HOIIHD. 


The  Foi't  nil  Pros- 
pect Hill,  coniiuiindiiig 
ull  the  iiiipiuat-lics  to 
the  foiitrc  of  the  town, 
was  built  hi  1777,  with 
the  approviil  of  (icn- 
enil  SiiciK-er,  iiinicr 
the  direflioii  of  Ma- 
\  Jor  Jauics  .Siuiiiior,  by 
whom  it  was  plaiiiiecl, 
then  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Khode  Island  Dejiai-tinent.  It 
oceiipicil  the  site  now  covered  in  part  by  a  brick  block  of 


dwelling-houses   at 


the    corner    of    Uowen    and    Oiiigdon 


streets,  and  was  at  onoe  garrisoned.  In  the  i)rosecntion  of 
this  work  the  town  authorities  heartily  eoncnrred.  At  a 
town  meeting  held  May  Tith,  when  Major  Suumcr  presented 
his  plan,  it  was  voted  to  approve  the  measure  as  one  that 
"  would  be  of  the  greatest  advantage  to  the  public  as  well  as 
to  this  lown  hi  particular,"  and  General  Spencer  was  assured 
that  the  town  would  "cheerfully  concur  in  any  general  mea- 
sures for  cairying  the  plan  aforesaid,  or  sneli  other  as  His 
Honor  may  adopt,  into  execution." 

At  a  meeting  held  May  Kith,  it  was  resolved,  "to  recom- 
mend to  the  commanders  of  the  severiil  companies  of  Alai-m 
Men,  Independent  Companies  and  Militia  in  this  town,  to 
call  their  respective  companies  together,  and  in  turns  to  go 
upon  Jleacon  Hill,  there  to  give  all  assistance  tlicy  are  able 
to  complete  the  fortifications  there  erecting  for  the  common 
defence  —  that  Colonel  Bai-zillai  Kiehmond's  c(mipany  go 
upon  duty  to-morrow  ;  Captain  Russell's  the  next  day  ;  Cap- 
tain llurriU's  on  Monday;  Captain  Kecne's  on  Tuesday; 
Captain  Snow's  and  the  Grenadier  Company  on  Wednesday  ; 
and  that  the  captains  keep  lists  of  all  persons  who  work,  as 
also  of  Ibose  who  do  not  work,  to  be  returned  to  the  next 
town  meeting,  and  that  the  s:iid  companies  begin  on  Thurs- 
day next,  and  go  through  a  second  tour  of  duty  in  rotation 


OVB.  FKKNCn  AIXIES. 


19 


in  tlio  same  manner,  each  person  to  fiimlsb  himself  with 
proper  tools,  etc." 

Tlio  (Uint-nsions  of  the  fort  wvw  tlirec  hundred  by  one 
hiindreil  »nd  \\l\y  feci,  wilhiii  llic  [mnipei.  It  was  Kiirrounded. 
hy  a  fos^c  or  dit<.-h,  and  wa*  capuhtc  of  nimintitig  lifty-etght 
gun*.  In  Ihe  i;«ntre  was  erect«d  a  lai-gu  pole  or  urnst  at  the 
top  of  wliich  WHS  attached  an  iron  cnine,  and  from  the  crane 
was  ^-uspended  a  liii^*  ii-on  kettle  tilled  with  tar,  to  lie 
ignitc<l  hi  an  emergency,  to  warn  the  siirronnding  conntry. 
Soon  after  its  completion  nn  experiment  was  made  hy  Major 
Perkins,  who  oi-dered  three  eaunoiis  to  he  (irod.  and  the  lar 
in  the  kettle,  to  he  wt  on  fire.  It  bitrned  sevenil  liuiirK  with 
the  desired  elfecl.  The  light  was  seen  in  the 
moMi  di-slaiit  parts  uf  the  State.  The  rountry 
was  alarmed,  and  the  next  d:iy  the  militia  in 
^eal  oiiml>era  6ocked  into  the  lonn.  The 
use  made  of  this  heaeon  jravc  to  the  locality 
the  name  of  Jieavon  JJill,  a  name  it  retained 
for  sevenil  years.* 

It  vns  tL  part  of  the  plan  of  iVftijor  Simmer 
to  bilild  harrneks  on  the  side  hill  west  of  the 
fort,  ncniss  "Dorr's  Lane,"  near  U'healon 
street.  The  hiiilding  wa»  to  6ice  west,  to  l>e 
two  stories  Iii^h  in  the  centre,  and  one  story  in  eath  wing. 
Aa  lo  the  erection  of  sueli  a  huihlin*^  on  tlio  spot  designated 
the  records  of  the  town  are  silent.  Tradition  is  also  silent, 
and  prohahly  the  Major's  plan  was  not  eonsumniated.  The 
town,  however,  did  what  it  eonld  to  (iiniiHh  aceonntioda- 
tions,  and  among  other  arningeiuents  the  Work  House,  at 


■  Vcr  ll>p  |>liin  lit  lltl.  Von  I  an  liiilibrcil  to  tliv  cainirt;  uf  thi-  llvfi.  /^oIivIbIi  Alleti, 
Btbolw  ■•llMldi't  m"ll«<nliinof  it.  I'rivr  lu  niidln);  (he  ilr«n  co|>M  ■■I'llr.  •iiiiiiiirrf^am 
(to  «rl|lMl.  Mr.  Albrn  prvntniwl  mo  with  ■  <1ran  nuilr  frtna  mttmry,  whieli.  »n  ouHi|)arl> 
Hk,  ivM  (hiiml  (II  twaiir»«e1  r*t<rr>cnlu(laB.  1b  liiouiltHc,  of  tbaane  licraproriuiifl.  llr, 
Allra.  Iii>|mikliif  ofthUiM»>n«ri»l<ir  the  Rr'oladuti,  uirt ;  "llM'OOpvaf  IW  fl-XXof  tlw 
Oli>  Ki>it  •Iiows  Dini  tl  wan^xcriilrd  firtt-utlllfuJIy.  bmI  it>»(  t(  wm  (lir  ii><ib(  perteci  IbrllA- 
Cmlion  111  Ihp  luirlh  imrl  of  (hr  ^laic.  Tlir  lurrnllon  of  itiv  tr«(  rx)jrrUQ*iii*  ■ill!  rtKirtart 
•wl  t|ir[l>,  wn'i>(  to  «lMi<f  (lia  vtnrf  nMac  la  ptrparc  tat  ikfrlK*  of  '  tnttUtm  tforni  imxar 
tUm  wakaut  Uw  rifht  of  fvpn>Muilatli>n  '  bj  ckrijr  oUonitU." 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  21 

the  corner  of  Smith  und  Ghnrles  streets,  was  given  up  to  the 
use  of  the  soldiery.  At  a  town  meeting  heUl  May  17, 1779, 
Mr.  John  Brown,  the  Hon.  Jabez  15owcn,  C()h)nel  Jonathan 
Arnold,  Welcome  Arnold,  Escj.,  and  David  Howell,  Esq., 
were  appointed  a  conmiiltcc  to  request  General  Gates  "to 
direct  that  suitable  barracks  be  built  at  the  expense  of  the 
continent,  tor  ti-oops,  in  case  any  shall  be  barracked  in  this 
town  the  next  winter,"  and  that  they  also  "  rctpiost  the  Gen- 
end  to  direct  that  the  Work  House  which  has  been  improved 
the  winter  past  for  barracks,  and  damaged  thereby,  be 
repaired  at  the  gencnil  expense." 

Mr.  Sumner,  iKjfore  quoted,  in  pursuing  his  reminiscences, 
says  ; 

'-During  the  Ruvolutlonary  Wnr  there  wns  a  reg;inieiit  of  artillery  iinilcr 
Cohint'l  Crniic  for  some  cspLrlmeiUs  hi  throwing  nhells.  A  (Ictachnient 
under  Captnlii  CiiHeiider,  were  on  duty  with  a  mortar  on  tliis  lot.*  The 
carrinpc  vvsis  placed  on  a.  )ltllo  knoll  of  ji^rountl,  immediately  In  front  of 
iht:  old  ctlhir.  This  knoll,  no  donht,  was  formed  when  the  cellar  wan  dujj;. 
The  dirt  belny  thrown  down  hltl  to  the  west,  formed  a  terrace  whereon 
the  carrlnye  waa  placed. — the  only  level  spot  near  the  vicinity.  I  reraein- 
btr  very  well  after  loading,  ranging  It  south  of  (ireat  Point,  so  that  the 
fall  might  he  in  the  river,  and  tiring  two  or  three  dead  or  hlank  shells, 
irkich  ih'<l  not  burst,  -the  next  one,  nry  the.  furirth,  burst  in  the  air.  It  did 
not  do  any  inlNChtef,  but  before  they  wure  ready  to  Arc  again,  Tolonel 
Crane  came  driving  a  foaming  horse,  and  reprimanded  Callender  for  firing 
live  shells  before  dark.  More  blanks  were  tired  before  dark,  and  after 
dark  a  number  of  live  ones,  which  burst  before  striking  the  water,  and 
made  a  line  show." 

On  the  12th  of  January,  1777,  Brigadier-General  Bene- 
dict Arnold  arrived  in  Providence,  to  as.sist  in  the  defence 
of  Rhode  Island.  His  quarters  were  taken  in  a  hou.sc  west 
of  the  Market  square  bridge,  owned  by  Xathanael  Greene, 
and  subsequently  purchased  by  Governor  William  Jones. 
The  General  does  not  appear  to  have  done  much  here  besides 

•Thplot  on  which  hU  ftitlier,  Mttjur  Sumner, proposod  to  erect barrackfl.  Major  Sumner 
camv  irtlh  lii»  bm[ly  IViim  Butiton,  in  1774,  and  livnl  <u  rroviilpnee  until  17St,  when  he 
n-moveii  to  Brookllne,  Mbiik.  HU  son  Tliomax,  in  hi«  "  reminiscences  "  communtcnted  to 
bl*  daufhrer  In  ISH,  appears  (o  have  been  ncnerBlIy  correct  in  his  recolieclion  of  localities 
■ml  event*.  MMJor  .•'unnier  »iu|ierlnl ended  tlic  oreotlon  of  the  meellng-Uouie  of  the  First 
HaplUt  Society  In  TrovWencf ,  in  177t. 


BHODE  ISLA^T>  IS  THE  RKrotmoy. 

displaying  bU  military  scailel  tout,  of  which  he  was  quite 
Viiiii.  Al  this  time  he  w«s  M)un'(!  l>y  what  he  toiisldorpd  a 
want  of  appreciutiou  of  his  merits  as  an  officer,  ami  fre- 


S^^^-  ^^^i^^ 


qiienlly  threatened  to  r^vsign  his  ronimission  if  not  soon  pi"o- 
moted.  lie  uiico  made  {lli^  dticlumliou  iii  tht;  pn^scnco  of 
Commodore  Whipple,  who  shrewdly  rapUcd,  "General,  I 


1 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


S9 


knoir  you  won't  resijni-"  "Why  do  you  doulit  my  word?" 
inqnirad  Arnold.  "Because,  General,"  answered  the  Com- 
modore, "yuu  lire  the  [innidest  ninn  I  uvor  seed  ;  iind  I  know 
you  won't  iiuil  your  unif'nnn,  your  e])JMilet(*  and  Lomnuind  to 
be  a  private  mau — for  I  tell  you,  you  are  the  proudest  roan 
that  I  ever  «pct/.*' •  The  C^omniodoi-e  was  correct.  The 
General  did  nol  resign,  but  after  obtaining  pmmotion, 
bocamo  »  traitor  to  his  conntry — huviu":  four  years  previ- 
ously made  ii  good  military  record  at  Snrato^ii.  Well  for 
Ills  reputation  had  it  ItetMi  that  lie  had  closed  his  life  on  that 
field.     Hut  of  hiiu  more  hciviifter. 

Commodore  AhnUium  Whipple,  a  descendant  of  John 
Whipple,  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  Providence 
Plantations,  and  an  associate  of  Uoger  Williams,  was  honi  in 
Provi(iciicr,  IJ.  I.,  Hepteinbcr  2<»,  1733.  He  early  took 
to  sea  life,  and  sailed  in  the  service  of  Nicholns  Iti-own,  one 
of  Uie  leading  merchants  of  Providence.  Towards  the  close 
of  the  ohi  French  war  he  conmiandcd  the  privateer  "(Jame 
Cock,"  in  which,  in  a  single  cruiw,  he  captured  twenty-three 
prizes.  The  part  ho  took  in  the  du^lruction  <if  the  Gaspee, 
in  1772,  is  rehitcri  In  prcredinfi  pa^^^s.  In  1775,  two  days 
lieforc  the  battle  of  Ihinker  llill,  the  ficiienil  Assembly  of 
Rhode  Island  purchased  and  armed  two  sloops,  one  currying 
twelve  guns  and  the  other  eight,  and  appointed  Captain 
Whipple  to  the  command  of  the  larger  vessel,  named  the 
Providence,  and  Captain  (Irimcs  to  that  of  the  smaller,  who 
acted  under  the  orders  of  Whipple.  The  duty  assigned  him 
was  to  clear  the  luiy  of  the  tenders  of  the  British  frlgsite  Rose* 
which  prevented  many  vc^sids  fi-om  getting  to  sea.  This  he 
did  offeclually  by  an  engagement  with  two  of  the  tenders, 
June  irtth,  in  which  he  dis;ililcd  and  forced  them  to  retire 
nnder  the  guns  of  the  frigate,  Iwsides  capturing  a  third. 
This  feat  of  valor  won  for  him  the  honor  of  hnving  tii-ed  the 
first  gun  on  the  sea  at  the  British,  in  tlie  opening  of  the 


•  Lift  qS  UowbBd,  p. ». 


nnODB  ISLAlfD    !>■   TUK  REVOLUTION. 


Kcvoliilionnry  wiir.  Stibsc<jncntly  ho  wns  pincetl  in  com- 
mnrnl  of  Tbe  ColumltUii,  in  llio  tontinentiil  service,  in  which 
ho  wajr  very  adive.  Ho  pariiciiKiu-d  in  tin-  oxpeililidii 
Against  Xew  Piovidcnce,  At  ii  later  day  he  was  appointed 
to  the  commniid  of  the  tnj;:atp  I'rondpncp,  a.  new  ve«i*ol  of 
twtinty-riirlit  giins,  hn\-ing  C'nptain,  aitciwnrds  Gnvrnior 
JoDes,  for  \m  tJint  oHiiftr.  In  1778  he  oscuped  tin*  Uritish 
blorkadiii^  sqiiiidron  occnpyinj^  thn  hnrlmr  uf  XuwjKirt  lUid 
various  |>osltion.s  in  th«  hny,  n»d  l»orr*  impoi*t;int  <U'S[KilHirs 
from  Congn;.KS  to  our  Mitiisl<:rs  in  Knirn-e.  TUu  iippeamnco 
of  the  Providence  at  Nante«  ntti-«cted  much  attentioi),  as  tbe 
sight  of  iin  American  vnssel  of  wur  in  Ihat  hnvUor  •nun  rare, 
Cnittuiii  .Jkdos  whs  sent  without  delay  to  Paris  with  the  dei*- 
patchtrs.  uhero  he  met  a  M'arm  reception.  He  «'«»  presented 
to  the  King,  who  ri'ceived  him  in  the  most  coi-dial  manner. 
Comniodorc  Whipple  returned  in  safety  to  Riisinn.  after  a 
aoniewhut  perilous  voyage,  witJi  a  muek  needed  c^i^o  of 
clothing,  arms  and  ammunition.  For  this  service  be 
received  a  eomplimenhiry  letter  from  Washington. 

In  eniisinjf  on  and  ort'  the  <'oiuit  of  Xewfouudland.  In  •T«Iy, 
1779,  he  iVll  in  with  the  homewaitl  bound  .lanniiea  fleet  of 
nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  sail,  eonvoyed  hy  a  seventy- 
four  ^nin  ship  !ind  several  snuiller  vessels.  This  eonvoy  lie 
joined,  nnch-r  the  British  (lajr.  got  iK>sses*ion  uf  the  sig;nals 
of  tbe  Conimndnre,  and  by  an  adroit  movement  tn  the  night 
drew  a  nnndier  of  vessels  ont  of  their  course,  of  whieli  he 
raptunnl  ten.  Kijrht  of  these  prizes,  havinjr  eai-goes  valued 
at  more  than  a  million  of  dollars,  were  brouifht  safclv  into 
RoHton  harlior. 

In  openitinj;  in  the  South  in  1780.  nnri  endeavoring  to 
save  ChaHeKton  from  the  enemy,  he  m'hs  compelled  to  sur- 
T*nderhi«  sqiuidrnn  to  Adniinil  Arlmthnot,  niid  was  hold  a 
prisoner  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Ho  retunied  to  his  fam 
in  Oonstrm  ptxiror  than  when  he  cnlcrud  the  sorviee  of  the 
United  Stales,  with  a  Ini^o  sum  due  him.  On  the  scturiliea 
in  which  he  waa  finally  paid  bo  realized,  owing  to  the  low 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  25 

credit  of  the  government,  only  two  shillings  and  sixpence 
on  the  pound,  a  discount  of  more  than  eighty  per  cent. 

In  1784,  Commodore  M'hipple  engiiged  once  more  in  the 
merchant  service,  and  as  commander  of  the  General  Wash- 
ington, a  fine  ship  built  by  John  Brown,  he  had  the  honor  of 
fir^t  unfurling  the  American  ting  on  the  river  Thames.* 

In  178))  he  represented  Cnmston  in  the  General  Assembly, 
^n  the  foimation  of  the  Ohio  company  he  removed  with  his 
family  to  >Iarietta,  and  finally  settled  on  a  small  farm  bor^ 
dered   by  the  Muskingum  river,  a  few  miles  from  Marietta. 

While  living  in  his  new  western  home  a  company  of  enter- 
prising men  of  Marietta  built  a  vessel  named  the  St.  Clair, 
of  which  he  was  given  the  command.  Laden  with  provis- 
ions he  made  a  successful  voyage  to  Havana.  In  commem- 
oration of  this  event  and  of  his  naval  exploits,  Captain  Jona- 
than Bevol,  a  native  of  Tiveiton,  K.  I.,  wrote  as  follows, 
kying  the  scene  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi : 

"The  Triton  crleth, 
'  Who  conivLl)  now  from  shore? ' 

Neptune  repUeth, 
'  'TIs  the  old  Commodore ; 
Long  has  it  been  since  I  saw  him  before. 
In  the  year  sevcnty-flve  from  Columbia  he  came, 
The  pride  of  the  Briton  on  ocean  to  tame : 
And  often,  too,  with  his  gallant  crew, 
Hatti  he  crossed  tiic  belt  of  ocean  blue. 
On  the  Gallic  coast 
T  have  seen  him  tost, 
While  his  thundering  cannon  lulled  my  waves. 
And  roused  my  nymphs  from  their  coral  caves, 
When  he  fought  for  freedom  with  all  his  braves, 
In  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 

*' '  But  now  he  comes  from  the  western  woods, 
descending  slow  wUh  gentle  floods. 
The  pioneers  of  a  mighty  train. 
Which  commerce  brings  to  my  domain ! 

*A  recent  vriter  in  the  New  York  Tribune  claims  tlits  honor  for  Caplain  WJUlam 
Mooere,  who  comnuinded  the  Bedford,  of  Nantucket,  which,  he  uiy«,  was  "tliv  first  ship 
to  dlfplar  the  thirteen  stripes  Id  the  river  Thames,  Febraary  0,  17S3."    No  authorities  are 
at  hand  to  settle  these  conlllcllnft  claims. 
4 


26  BirODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

T'p,  sons  of  tlie  wave, 

Greet  the  nohle  brave ! 
Present  your  arms  unto  liiiii. 

Ills  gniy  hair  hIiows, 

Life  iicnrs  Its  close : 
Lei's  piiy  the  honors  line  hira. 
Sen-mnhls  attend  with  lute  and  lyre. 
And  hrhig  your  coiichs,  my  Triton  sons, 
In  clionis  lilow  to  the  aged  sire 
A  weltoine  to  my  dominions.' " 

Commodore  Whipjilo  was  for  several  years  active  in  stimu- 
lating ship  ImikUiig  at  ilarietla,  but  after  this  voyage  to 
Havana  he  retired  from  business  life.  He  died  at  his  home, 
alter  a  short  illnews,  May  2!tth,  18li>,  at  the  age  of  cighty- 
tive  years.  His  wife,  a  sister  of  (lovernor  Hoi)kins,  pre- 
ceded him  to  the  gnivc  by  only  a  few  months,  at  th«  ago  of 
seventy-nine  years.  His  only  son  John  was  never  uuin'ied, 
and  in  the  male  line  the  family  of  this  eminent  patriot  has 
become  extinct.  The  tombstone  over  his  remains  at  Mari- 
etta twars  the  following  inscription  : 

"  Sacrctl  to  the  ni<  mor)'  of 

COMMOIIOKK     A  Bit  AH  AM     WlllPn.E, 

Whose  nnnie,  skill  and  courage  trill  ever  remain  the  pride  and  boast  of  hl^ 
country.  In  the  htte  lievointloii  he  was  the  tirst  on  the  seas  to  hurl  defi- 
ance at  proud  llrlton;  ^llantly  lending  the  w:iy  lo  arrest  n-om  the  Mis- 
tress of  the  (H-enn  lier  scepter,  and  tiiere  to  wave  the  Star  Spangled  Ban- 
ner. He  nlso  onndnt-ted  to  sea  the  tlrst  sipiure-rigfied  vessel  ever  built  on 
the  Ohio,  opening  to  commerce  resources  Iwyond  c.ilculutlon." 

It  has  been  truly  said  that  the  success  of  Commodore 
AVhippIe  on  the  ocean  "  was  not  exceeded  by  that  of  any 
other  in  the  navy,"  and  that  "his  exploits  and  chai-actor  will 
l<mg  be  i-eniembered  by  the  inhabitants  of  Khode  Island  and 
Marietta."* 

The  l*rovidenee  ct>mpany  of  cadets,  under  Colonel  Night- 

■  For  ■  miiTv  I'XttMuli'il  notice  of  the  life  and  MTvin>*  of  Coinmodorr  Whipple,  ^ev 
"  Hvmvlm  of  tlii>  K«t\y  VUmvet  S«-tiI>n  of  01iiti,~  )>p.  I.v-IM. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


27 


ingalo,  was  stationed  at  Pawtiixet  from  Jsinuary  7th  to  Feb- 
ruary 7th,  1777.  The  command  comprised  the  following 
i-oU: 


Joseph  Niglitftigalc,         Colonel. 


Willlum  Uuesell, 
Nntli'l  Greene, 
Paul  Alleu, 
Belu  Whipple, 
CliriHtoplier  Oliicy, 
Jo.  Dolbeare  Kusscll, 
William  Corlis, 
Caleb  Gardner, 
Arthur  Fenner, 
P<!ni  Bowler, 
Priinns  Tliunipson, 


Lientunant-Colonel. 

Major. 

CuptHin. 

Isl  Sergeant. 

2d 

8ti 

4th 

FIfer. 

At 

Drummer. 


John  Innes  Chirk, 
Samuel  Young, 
LuwU  Peck, 
Nicholas  Power. 
John  Angell, 
Wlllium  Bowen, 
Zacharlah  .\llen, 
John  Mumfiml, 
Daniel  Smith. 
Nathauld  Jaeob.«, 
Peter  Taylor, 
Thomus  Ghukling, 
Joseph  Parker, 
John  Gihlis, 
James  Hill, 
S:imuel  Hamlin, 
William  Karl, 
Job  Page, 


Frivalen. 

Joseph  Aiigell, 
William  Co2zenH, 
Pepp'l  Tyler, 
Itobert  Lawton, 
Oliiey  Wiiisor, 
Samuel  Dnnu, 
Nicholas  Cooke, 
James  Munroc, 
Thomas  lUiHsell, 
John  Muinford, 
JeHxe  Cooko, 
George  Gluey, 
Joseph  Greene, 
Joseph  Cooke, 
Daniel  Kogors, 
Beiijamiu  Alger, 
John  Itogers, 
William  Uhodca, 


Jeremiah  Fones  Jenkins, 
Kiirus  Hopkins, 
John  Green, 
Daiih^l  Cooke, 
William  Kui^sell,  Jr. 
Aaron  Wrlghl, 
Pardon  Bowen, 
Arthur  Crawford, 
Siimuul  ChacB, 
Beuj»niln  Bowen, 
Jeremiah  Jenckes, 
Samuel  Chace,  Jr. 
Daniel  Tilliugha»t, 
John  Kllton, 
Sylv'o  Jenks," 
Nehemiah  Sweet,t 
Joseph  Green, t 


Jeremiah  Whipple,  Sick,  absent. 

John  Murray,  Absent  by  leave. 

James  Morrill,  Absent. 

Joseph  BncklUi,  Jr.,  Absent  In  service  of  the  State. 


Prince, 
Primus 


M 


loneers. 


Thomas  Thayer, ' 
Benjamin  Camp, 
Samuel , 


Walters. 


•Tlow  In  Mr*l«r,  (bur  dayg. 


I  In  tervlce,  two  dayH, 


t  In  tervice,  one  daj'. 


2S 


BHODB  ISLAND  tS  THE  REVOLDTIOS. 


The"  total  expense  of  the  eoniiMiu^'  diiritij^  their  month's 
encnmpriieiit  wtva  £2:Jf>  IU9  4d. 

This  company  of  cmiets  was  one  of  the  early  oi^uized 
infantry  companies  of  I'l-ovidnnce.  In  coniiectiim  with  the 
regiments  of  Colonels  Little  nnd  Hitchcock,  then  i|uartercci 
in  town,  it  purfonued  earort  duty  lo  Ginicnd  Wu»hin;;toii  on 
his  visit  to  I*r(ividt'iiir,  April  .'»,  IV7H.  In  the  wnr  of  1812 
ihe  compntiy  rendered  iiiiportaut  services  n^  11  home  gnard, 
and  when,  un  the  return  of  peace,  I'lvsidunt  Mutirue  viiritcd 
Providence,  the  cndets.  under  the  conininnd  of  the  late 
CtdoucI  George  Baker,  were  selected  for  the  e<»cort.  The 
eompuny  no  longer  exidtd,  its  charter  having  been  aunvn- 
dercd  in  1865. 


THE  KAKLIEST  OF  OUR  FKKM*]!  ALLIB. 

JylxHE  l^eehindion  0?  hulcpondcncc  found  cordial  sym- 
(^J'palhy  uumnt,'  the  lihenil  spirit*  of  Kunipe,  and  was 
looked  upon  with  favor  in  France  liy  men  in  liigh  sorial  posi- 
tion, who  were  not  slow  in  making  known  their  opinions. 
French  military  officers  flocked  to  America  and  applied  for 
positions  ill  the  Continental  Anny.  Of  ihese  the  following 
is  a  list : 

Monsieur  Dtigan,  M.  Arnndol,  Lc  Chevalier  de  Saint 
Anlaire,  Aiilolnc  Felix  Vieliert,  Louis  I>uhois,  Le  Chevalier 
de  Kermnrvan,  Jac.  Ant.  de  Fninchesseii,  Saint-MartJn, 
Jcan-Arthnr  de  Vermonet,  Fidelo  I>orr6,  ChriHlophe  Pellis- 
sier,  Jacqnes-PanI  Govert,  Manpiir*  de  ^falmedy.  Chevalier 
du  I'lcssis  Mtmduit,  tlcan-Louis  Imhert,  Chretien  de  Colenis, 
.Tean-Lodis  de  ^'irnejoix,  Pierre  Fram^-ois  de  Boys,  Mat-Al 
de  Ui  Hochcformoy,  Le  Comie  de  Montfort,  De  la  Neii^ille, 
BcFaiieiiil,  Charles  ,\rmand  Tufin,  iMarfiui.^  de  la  Kouerie. 
>L^rqui3  Fningois   Lonis  DcFleury,  Thomas  Conway,   (of 


ODB  PltENClI  ALLIES. 


29 


Scotch  origin,  nml  one  uf  tlio  Ciilml  to  tle])o^e  Wiisliuigloti.) 
Mottin  dp  hi  Ihilme,  Copiihi  <li'  la  Ganle,  Maniuis  ilu  la 
Fayottc,  Dc  Viillonnys,  I>c  Chevalier  cUi  Pon:iiI,  Do  la 
R-ulitire,  iJe  Gouvioni  Baruti  tie  Ilolzcndorf,  PruiUiutiiiiiu  de 
!Jorre,  Troimoii  ilii  Coiidnii.  Cheviilier  do  Failly,  Dea  E|)m- 
icrei,  l^e  Onutc  de  Pidapki,  (a  Pole  Uy  birlh,  »Dd  killyd  at 
Snvanimh,)  NtcoliLS  Kugcr.  Dc  Ucdonux,  •John  llnroit  do 
Kalt).  (iturii  in  (ionuiiiiy ),  Dc  Vvigny.  Chevulicr  dii  Uiiiiison, 
Chevalier  de  la  Colouibe,  Chevalier  Dorset,  Do  Liiumoi,  De 
Giitiut,  Chevalier  de  Villefranehe,  Denis  do  llonohet,  Ferdi- 
nand de  Bmhm,  De  Fonthiore,  De  Ponccanx,  Du  Camhray, 
Marquis  dc  ViiMine,  ISerhet  de  Rucht'fontainc,  Do  L'Eelise, 
M.  Tituzrir,  M.  Urice,  De  Neville,  De  Pongilieaii  and  Chev- 
alier de  Creniis. 

These  np|)li(-ant8  received  nppciiiitnientti,  in  various  grades, 
from  I>it'()tenant9  to  Majora-Geucml.  Some  of  Iheni  gained 
9i>efiul  renown  ;  us,  for  example,  Kouerio,  Fleiiry,  Dii  Por- 
tail.  Puhi:^ki,  De  Kalh,  Mauduit,  De  Giuiat,*  Ikmeliet,  and 
Tonznr,  who  lost  an  arm  in  the  service.  Rut  higii  over  all 
towered  Ijifayotte,  who,  at  Ihe  age  of  nineteen  yeans,  in  wanii 
ra5>*nipatliy  with  the  Amcrlcnn  caiiso,  secretly  lilted  out  a 
vessel  at  his  own  «xp(-nr>e,  and  e]u«ling  the  Royal  officers 
6ent  to  prevent  his  departure,  reiwhcd  this  eotintry  and 
asked  permission  of  Congress  to  .verve  in  the  army  as  a  vol- 
luiteer  without  pay.  His  cowjmynoini  t/t  vot/mjc  w«re  the 
Itai-un  De  Kalh  and  ten  other  military  gentlemen.  If  this 
ttct  di»tui-bed  the  equanimity  of  consen-ative.**  at  the  Koyal 
Court,  it  i>rovcd  a  udght}'  power  in  strengthening  the  cour- 
age of  a  sorely  pre.'tsed  people,  belonging  to  an  ancient, 
honored  and  induential  family  of  the  French  Xohility,  he 
was  a  favorite  with  Ixinis  XVI.  and  his  fascinating  Queen, 
Maria  Antoinette,  and  did  ranch  to  bring  them  inio  clojier 
eymputhy  with  the  struggUug  Americans,  despite  the  coun- 
teracting influence  of  the  cautious  Prime  Miniater.     'J'lie 

*alDnl,»hiH|iMnilr  Ki.'ol'inpluf  AtUUvrj  *t  Toritlawn,  tlriee  I>»  la  CokwulMt.  kimI  tto 


30  RHODE  ISLAND  IX  THE  REVOLUTION. 

spirit  which  actuated  him  throughout  his  military  career  in 
this  country  is  well  expressed  in  a  letter  addresser!  to  Henry 
Laurens,  President  of  Congress,  in  acknowledgment  of  a 
commendatory  resolution  transmitted  to  him  from  that 
body : 

"  Tlic  moment  I  licard  of  America  I  loved  lipr;  tlie  moinciit  I  knew  iilie 
was  tl};liliny  for  fVt'etlout  1  burnt  witli  a  desire  of  bleeding  for  tier;  Hud 
the  moment  I  fliall  be  able  to  serve  her  at  any  time,  or  in  Kny  part  of  the 
world,  will  be  among  the  hiippleNt  ones  of  my  life."* 

Lafayette  was  received  into  the  military  family  of  AVash- 
ington,  between  whom  and  himself  there  grew  up  a  tender, 
contidential,  life-long  fnendship.  By  Congress  he  was  com- 
missioned a  Alajor-Geneml,  and  served  without  abatement  of 
ardor  until  the  conclusion  of  the  revolutionary  struggle. 

AVhen  Lafayette  came  to  Khode  Island  it  was  with  a  re|> 
utation  for  unusual  military  ability, — a  reputation  well  won 
at  the  lirandywinc  and  elsewhere.  In  Providence,  his 
youth,  intelligence  and  manly  bearhig,  not  less  than  his 
vigilance  and  prudence  as  an  officer,  made  him  a  welcome 
guest.  The  homes  of  the  I)est  families  were  eovdially  opened 
to  him,  and  wherever  he  went  he  was  the  life  of  the  social 
circle.  He  found  great  delight  in  the  society  of  the  llow- 
ens,  the  Niglitingales,  the  Browns,  Foster,  Corliss.  Jones, 
Tillinghast,  Madame  Dexter,  and  many  others,  while  the 
simple  pleasures  sure  to  await  him  and  his  otHcers  at  the 
house  of  William  Field,  of  Field's  Point,  or  at  the  "  Gairi- 
son  House"  in  Cranston,  compensated  in  no  small  degree  for 
the  home  enjoyments  he  had  temporarily  laid  aside  at  La 
Grange,  that  he  might  serve  the  cause  of  freedom  in  America. 
The  late  Miss  Polly  Feimer,  a  descendant  of  Major  Thomas 
Fenuer,  who  died  some  years  ago.  distinctly  remembered 
having  seen  Washington,  Lafayette  and  other  officers 
"with  swords  dangling  by  their  sides  as  they  danced"  at  a 

•  Sinrlu. 


Ol'R  FREXC'H  AU.TE».  31 

ball  given  lU  the  (iarrison  House*  Tlieliulics  ]>i-cscnt,  she 
said,  were  conspk-Dous  "with  powdered  heads  and  apnu^led 
dresses. " 

Arnnn^  the  plnces  id  Providence  fteleet«d  for  quorters  for 
a  night  or  nuue  when  in  town,  tradition  nssiiii^s  us  that 
Liitiijietle  snnielimes  found  ir.sl  in  the  ^inibi-el-roof  brick 
house,    now   niitnliered    537   and   539    Xorth    Miiin   sii-oel. 


f*l 


IgtMIITfllin  II.'   LAVJt% CTItUl 

This  oldest  brick  hotuo  in  Providence,  an  engi^ving  of 
which  is  hero  given,  was  built  between  K.")!)  and  1760 
hy  Lieutcniml-(>ovomor  Klis-bii  Brown,  whose  home  was 
neur  by  in  t)m  then  ntmosl  |>iihitttil  residence,  at  present 
known  as  ''the  Butler  House,''  in  "Otrj^enter's  Yard." 
LieiitennnMiovenior  Brown  was  the  youngest  son  ot"  Klder 
.lames  Krown^nnd  the  imitle  of  Moses  Brown.  August  21), 
1770,  he  sold  the  briek  house  to  Piiul  Bunker,  of  Shcrboum, 
now  Xantueket  town,  and  April  \2,  177f),  it  wai;  again  sold 
to  Thomas  Shcrboum,  of  the  same  town.  It  has  st'voral 
tiwcH  since  changed  hands,  but  while  it  stands  it  will  attract 

*TkB"n«rriM>ii  lloiiM''mubaUtniilannipl«I  breifttAln  Aniiar  Finntf,  OM  of  t&e 
mrlf  Mtltiir*  'it  I'mtttti*.  iwiil  lir<»riip  ■  ron>Kf  lu  nrlglibor*  (■  ■ranMik  of  tlaiifrr  fWiu 
ItidUtK.  Thv  Itoiiw  •iMita  about  haJf  «  inllt*  nDrtliHT^tpriy  arilivCwHlan  l>liit  Worfc*. 
Il  U  bui  Inliatiltiil,  iiikI  U  ni|>ftlly  nitMni  to  di-cay.  TIi«  tiouar  Iwili  by  Kniat  lliOMittt  I'ru- 
mur,  ■  brullirruf  <'N)ilalii  AMIiur.  It  in  ilio  iklnll;,  »(iil  lu  Kooil  npi«'''. 


82  RIIOUE  IKLAKD  TK  THK  REVOLrTIOy. 

Attcntiou  as  a  relic  of  the  revolutionary  period.*     Of  Ijifty- 
ette  more  litrealler. 

Sr^vcml  of  the  officers  in  the  preceding  list  were  well 
known  in  IVovidence.  l*roujiueutl_v  aiuung  tbcm  stood  tlic 
MarqiiJti  Fraii(,'oi8  Lellonjiiis  De  Miilroedy  and  the  Marquis 
Pe  Fleiiry.  Malmedy  came  t<>  Prriviil^-nrt;  in  DeeeniUer, 
177ti,  on  the  recommendation  of  (Jeneral  Charles  I^ce,  and 
was  appointed  CTjief  Engineer  and  Director  of  tbe  works  of 
defence  witltiti  the  State,  with  the  rank  fiwt  of  Colonel  and 
tlien  of  Hrigiulicr-^ienera].  In  hiti  letter  of  inlroducliuu  to 
Governor  Cooke,  General  Lee  wiy* : 

"Bbod«  T«laiid  will  |>robttbljr  he  attjickc<1;  jronr  mcu  flnd  jrouugcr  offl- 
txn  AT*:  ifood,  t>ut  I  nin  (KTmiiiili^  ^ou  Imvi-  do  man  with  yoD  ctpftble  of 
coodtictlng  an  nrmy ;  do  man  who  has  snffiriciil  kiionlrdgr  M  an  rn^l> 
ueer.  f  Uitvi-  tlirix-r<>ru  r«voU-cil  to  ftcmJ  n  t;vii(l«ititin  wllb  nhoiiv  );rriil 
Uloota.  ncliiity  atjil  zval,  I  am  well  acquBlut(.-0 ;  Ills  imiiie  Ik  Ma1in«lr,  a 
Fri'iK-tiraati.  1  cutrvat  j'ou  to  glvi-  lilm  the  eaUru  commatul  to  be  directed 
by  Ills  couneik." 

With  this  viiih  tho  Oovcmor  complied,  and  important 
elianges  in  tJie  defences  iirvMUid  Pi-ovi<Iencc  were  made. 

A  defence  had  been  estrihlished  at  Warwick  Neck,  which 
the  Cicnenil  early  inspcctc<I,  and  which  he  decided  was  not 
athipted  t<t  the  purjiosc  intended.  Concerning  tlils  |M)st  he 
writes  10  General  Lee,  December  20,  1776,  as  follows: 

■>Ttie  getitJrnieB  or  Ute  comitiUlec  Imagliirfl  that  Warwkk  Nock  was 
iDOn;  ImimrlAiil,  since  the  Miemyart-  in  Ithoile  Inland.  I  nMitniiil  the 
■wueevenlne-  I  litive  traiened  all  ucar  tu  ttic  point  of  Connecticut,  all 
llio  ovck  of  Warwick.  I  cautiuL  [ktcvIvu  In  all  ihnl  pnrt  the  pi>9)tiblllt)'  of 
klndcrlng  itia  cn«n)'  h'oiti  making  a  dG^ceni.  The  bankft  throiiuhoul  aru 
oaajr  or  aecesM,  aad  tti«  Te.-<8i?T«  can  com«  clo^c  to  the  land,    Tlicrv  in, 

■■•Ttw  iMraw  «'Ui  Bii  (m|io»lnx  atnuiuti'  fttr  ili*  iIhii:<>,  nail  iliitv  mil  iipw  irfvc  ■mrirci 
M»  of  R*  tbcB  apixAMDer,  Tnn  Ike  fact  thai  kbout  une-thlrd  of  Its  IniKtli  on  Iht  nonh 
«■•  inki'M  dowii  aBil  llir  wimmIrb  eeUmge  anw  NtBndlng  lliere  liullt  upon  111  ilte.  Till*  ttai 
twoiifhl  alHWI  (ID  ■cnmnl  at  ah  latpmrv  Aniiulallnn  at  (hi^  nortli  rod,  which  raoicil  t1  tu 
IMdc  aoil  tbaw  tlffua  of  lUanjc,  *nA  wat  laken  ihiva  irttlitn  ili«  mr-mory  or  iicr>oiu  now 
Ur\m$.  A  look  at  Um  tnmt  rl«aih>a  will  rvrral  ita  or1|[l>ial  pm[urlt(in,  (pbubucIi  aa  llw 
oniral  wUiAitw  of  ih«  Ibna  wnili  ow*  Ha>  vrMaait*  tb«  evvtn  ut  IIm  nvKli  and  mniUi 
IUd  *■— ^.  /r .  in  froMne*  Jmrnai. 


OUR  TBENCH  ALLIES.  33 

however,  an  advanta;>:i>ou»  situation  for  n  camp  upon  the  hl^h  ground, 
ft-om  wbt^nce  we  can  hliidvr  tiie  ent'tny  from  forming  mid  witlidruwing 
thwiiselvvs  from  the  Are  of  llicir  ciuiiioii.  It  raiglit  servo  n.s  a  cnrnp  of 
observatiou.     On  my  return  I  gnve  a  narticiilar  account  of  this  matter. 

"You  know.  My  Ueiieriil.  llie  KJtuatl<m  of  the  town  of  Warwick.  It  is 
mere  foliy  to  attempt  to  defeml  it,  in  case  llie  enemy  makes  a  descent  in 
Its  neighborhood.  I  there  found  some  works  begun.  I  thouglit  It  my 
duty  not  to  oppose  the  desire  of  the  roinniamlaiit.  We  liave  liierefore 
comlnued  to  prolon;;  tiiem,  with  some  ro^iiihirity,  adapted  to  the  ground. 

"  The  hame  niglit  I  returned  to  Providence  and  gave  an  account  to  the 
Governor  of  the  dllllculty  of  deleiidiiig  tlie  town,  and  that  the  poHt  ought 
t«i  be  evacuated.  I  liave  sent  him  an  order  of  retreat  for  liie  detachment, 
with  the  out-guards,  and  requested  liim  to  drive  from  I'awtuxet  the  great 
number  of  cattle  and  forage,  which  arc  on  tlie  Seek.  I  cannot  doubt  but 
from  lt«i  Hituatlon,  tliut  is  the  place  where  the  enemy  will  make  their 
descent,  if  they  him). 

"I  think.  My  General,  ttifit  after  making  efforts  at  l'»wtuxet,  and  all 
along  the  river,  we  ought  to  defend  Providence,  and  there  engage  them. 
I  presented  la  the  Governor  four  reasons  to  support  this  determination. 
I  believe  the  |)liiee  wiiere  I  am,  will,  in  a  month,  be  out  of  danger  of  a 
covpdemaia  In  that  case,  a  general  who  slinll  comnmnd  a  force,  sup- 
porting his  left,  and  extending  ohliqnely  on  the  right,  will  cover  Boston 
and  that  province;  and  I  do  not  believe  the  enemy  dare  enter  Connecticut, 
and  by  that  means  separate  themselves  iVom  their  vessels,  wliich  is  their 
place  of  arms ;  nor  are  they  no  numerous  a^  to  render  ttiemselves  masters 
of  the  river." 

Under  the  same  date,  he  writes :  "I  should  go  t«-duy  to 
Bristol  and  Ilowland's  Ferry,  but  it  snows  to  such  n  degree 
that  there  U  no  travcllitig."  Of  the  local  mihtary  asijeet  he 
gives  the  following  description  : 

"  Notwithstanding  the  proximity  of  the  enemy,  and  the  ease  with  which 
tlii-y  muy  land,  E  do  not  see  alwve  six  or  .seven  hundred  men  at  Warwick; 
one  thousand  or  eleven  liundred  here;  four  hundred  citizens,  at  the  most, 
ready  to  take  arms,  and  only  one  company  of  artillery.  The  colonels  of 
the  regiment  do  not  know  wliere  to  rendezvous.  In  case  of  alarm;  I  see 
no  posts  established ;  I  see  no  artillery  in  motion,  nor  any  preparations 
for  that  purpose.  No  exercise  at  cannon,  notwithstanding  the  great  want 
of  Instruction. 

"  MeantlEue.  the  enemy  are  ten  thousand.  They  do  not  make  any  gen- 
eral movement;  but  they  can,  in  one  tide,  embark  In  flat-bottomed  boats, 
and  land  at  Warwick  Neck,  and  arrive  at  Providence  In  four  hours,  that 
town  is  worth  such  an  attempt  at  this  motuent.  It  is  very  important,  on 
account  of  the  great  quantity  of  inerchaodlze  and  ships  in  its  port.  I 
S 


34  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

cannot  nccouiit  Tor  tlie  coiiditct  uf  the  En^Udli  fteiivruls,  If  tbcy  li:ivc  rooU 
intelligence.  The  people  here  ^\\v  themselves  up  to  n  Ii-thnrKk-  hien, 
bccau.se  they  are  not  nuiiierou.«,  mid  bee:iiisc  they  serve  as  a  ileTenslve  post 
to  Hhotle  Ishtnil.  The  Amerieiiiis  oiicht  to  Tear  the  Illusion;  for  thL>HC 
two  moiitlis  it  has  been  very  destnictivc." 

Provision  wiis  imiilo  for  the  (leiicnirs  accoiiim(Kliition  in 
tbe  house  of  widow  Eliziibeth  Arnold,  whieh  proved  to  be 
very  satififjietory  to  him.  He  appears  to  have  been  active  in 
the  discharfje  of  his  duties,  and  to  have  sttMjd  well  approved, 
but  Washington  having  sent  two  eontinental  general  officei"s 
to  Providence  competent  to  perform  the  duty  of  engineers, 
and  the  Genend  Assembly  considering  the  heavy  dcmiuids 
upon  the  State  treasury,  felt  constniined  to  close  their  rela- 
tions witii  tlio  General,  which  they  did  "  with  ii  very  grateful 
remembrance  of  his  abilities,  activity  and  zeal,''  and  n  gift 
of  £50.  In  acknowledgment  of  the  courtesies  shown  him, 
he  wrote  to  Governor  Cooke  its  follows : 

"MoitmsTowx,  May  U»th,  177T. 

"HiiNouAni.K  Sill: — I'erinit  nio  to  remind  yoii  that  the  Awsenthly  of 
Rhode  I.-laiui,  in  coiisideralion  of  the  small  uuiiilter  of  troops  ralse<l  in 
that  State,  (wliicli  was  a  prudent  measure,  and  from  wise  motives  of 
economy.)  resolved  to  dismiss  iheir  three  hriyaditr-Kenerals,  It  even 
cou descended  lo  offer  me  a  j^nililleatiiin  for  my  st'rvi<'es,  as  a  teslimony  of 
their  saU>lac'iion ;  and  Your  Honor  hsis  heen  pleased,  likewise,  to  nialte  an 

;advautiti:eous  n.'presentatioi)  of  my  conduct ;  nil  wiilcb.  does  me  honor, 
and  has  disposed  the  llnnoralde  (.'on;;ress.  His  Kxeellency  and  all  worthy 

.persons  to  thinic  favornlily  of  me:  lioivever,  this  ^ood  di>pi)sttion  towards 
luc  is  not   universal:  fur  evil-minded  people,  ever  ready  to  miseon.strue 

•factx,  have  interpreted  my  dismisalou  In  a  manner  hi<;hly  Injurinus  to  my 
reputation. 

"I  know  and  retipect  the  j^ood  intentions  of  the  gentlemen  wtio  cum- 

. pose  your  Assembly ;  and  tlierel'ure  cannot  heticve  thai  they  iiieaiil  tii  do 
me  harm  In  sending  me  to  the  army;  and  after  premisin;:  (his.  I  siiall  hes- 
itate not  u  moment  to  ac<|ualut  yon  wltli  the  snhject  of  my  ujiprehvnsions 
and  uuensliiess.  imping  from  a  eontinnanee  of  {rood  ollli-e>,  to  remove  the 
prejudices  and  malicious  Insinuations  of  the  uintevolcnt  aiiainst  my  char- 
acter. 

"  I  came  into  America  with  the  consent  of  the  Frencli  K'-niTids.  and  upon 
assurance  that  my  services  here  would  be  asri-eabie  to  my  country.  I  um 
obliged  to  render  them  an  account  of  my  conduct  In  the  arndes  of  the 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  35 

Stalon.  I  couUl  not  do  this  better  tlmii  by  liironnlng  them  that  through 
the  rocoiiiiiicii(lntloi)  ami  confldciicc  of  Geiierni  Lee  the  Stiite  of  Rhode 
lHl:iiid  liHN  hoiiorG<l  mi;  with  the  riiiilc  of  13ri;;ndlGr-Geiu<rnl;  iiud  I've  just 
miw  rocoivcd  the  Geiiernl  of  Mnrtiiiluo's  comiinmeiita  therfupoii. 

'■  If  tlie  ri-i>iitation  of  a  French  ollk-er  through  the  afleetiou  of  his  coiiii- 
trjr  for  your  cause,  be  al>soliitcly  esublli'lied,  by  his  fiilllllin!;  his  duty  In 
your  aniiiv.s,  I  be:;  yon  will  consider  how  critical  the  sltuutlon  the  bare 
nnspiclon  of  the  contrary  must  brln^  him  into;  my  dismission  after  Uvc 
months'  [>romotloii  must  necessarily  leave  some  susiiicion^  in  a  kingdom 
where  the  spirit  of  honor  and  K"od  conduct  can  alone  reconimtnid  to  and 
maintain  olUcers  In  posts  and  phices. 

"  He  pleased  to  put  a  favonilile  constrnctlon  on  my  Infinietude.  I  know 
not  what  judj;miiit  the  people  in  yeneral  of  this  continent  may  pass  on 
these  matters,  nidess  1  may  be  iillowid  to  form  an  Idea  from  the  expres- 
sive letter  which  General  AVashlnifton  wrote  upon  the  subject. 

"  Wherefore,  since  my  services  at  Khodelslcind  have  met  \rttli  your  appro- 
bation, permit  me,  through  Vonr  Honor,  to  ask  a  favor  of  the  Assembly, 
that  will  be  of  iiillnite  service  to  me,  Yonr  Honors  dismissed  me  fi'om 
the  maxims  of  economy,  and  because  you  had  but  few  troops.  I  entreat 
you  will  ayain  houor  me  with  the  rank  of  Bri^jndier- General,  without  any 
pay,  and  without  the  least  pretenslou  of  ijcing  employed  by  you,  unless 
Tour  Honors  should  think  proper  to  deninnd  my  services.  This  will  be  r 
rank  merely  honorary,  which  will  eonlirm  the  distinction  you  formerly 
conferred  on  me  without  any  solicitation  on  my  part. 

"If  the  principles  of  your  udmiinsiration,  sir,  permit  yoti  to  pay  any 
attention  to  what  so  essentliilly  concerns  my  reputation,  and  to  grant  my 
petition,  be  pleased  to  grant  this  rank  to  Monsieur  Frau(,'oIs  de  Molmedy, 
Colouel.  The  Congress  sent  me  thU  commission  on  the  10th  May.  lo 
which  ease  there  will  be  no  degrudatlou,  nud  I  shall  enjoy  In  trauqulUIty 
the  effects  of  your  bounty, 

"  I  am,  with  profound  respect,  honored  sir, 

"  Yonr  most  obedient  and  very  humble  servant, 

(Signed)  y  Oy 

"To  Honorable  Governor  Cookk." 

The  Colonial  Records  do  not  show  that  any  action  was 
taken  upon  General  Malmcdy's  rc<|U08t.  There  may  have 
been  reasons  of  State  for  not  calling  the  attention  of  the 
General  Assembly  to  the  subject. 

The  Marquis  Do  Fleury  passed  a  consideniblc  time  in 
Providence,  and  while  here  held  very  intimate  relations  with 


?fi  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

the  lion.  Theodore  Foster,  with  whom  he  boai"ded,  and  who 
entertained  for  him  a  high  esteem.  Mr.  Foster  represents 
the  Colonel  as  "  sociable,  jocose,  and  very  agreeable  in  con- 
versation, of  a  free,  libend  turn  of  mind  in  matters  of 
religion."  September  13th,  1778,  he  went  to  Bristol,  and 
i-eturncd  to  Provident-o  on  the  24th.  October  4th  he  left. 
Providence  to  join  Washington.  lie  was  an  oflScer  of  supe- 
rior ability,  and  served  In  the  American  army  as  Captain, 
Snb-Inspcctor  under  Steuben,  Adjtitant-Genenil  under  Lee, 
and  Ijieutenant-Colonel.  For  distinguished  services  at  Fort 
Mifflin  and  at  the  battle  of  the  Brandyvvinc  Congress  pre- 
sented him  ^ith  a  horse.  He  served  gallantly  under  Sulli- 
van on  Rhode  Island,  and  for  the  brilliant  part  he  took  in 
the  atorniing  of  Stony  Point  received  the  commendation  of 
Wayne.  Congressvoted  him  thanks  and  a  silver  medal.  The 
•medal  was  j>robably  never  in  his  possession.  It  appears  to 
have  been  lost,  how  and  when  are  unknown,  in  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  where  it  was  found  in  1850.  De  Fleury  accom- 
panied Hamilton  in  a  visit  to  D'Estning  in  177**.  to  conuuu- 
nicate  AVashington's  views  in  regard  to  mutual  operations. 
Washington  speaks  of  him  as  "an  amiable  and  valuable 
efficer,"  whose  sen'ices  he  had  received  on  numerous  occa- 
sions. 

In  1780  he  placed  himself  under  the  command  of 
Rochambeau,  and  served  at  Yorktown.  The  following  let- 
ter written  by  the  Colonel  at  Yorktown  subseciuently  to  the 
capitulation,  addressed  to  James  Duane,  a  member  of  the 
Continental  Congress  from  New  York,  and  recently  brought 
to  light,  exhibits  an  admirable,  patriotic  spirit.  It  is  printed 
without  any  coiTCction  of  an  imperfect  orthogi-aphy,  pardon- 
able in  a  foreigner  of  that  period  : 

"  Dear  Sir 

"I  have  wrott  to  yoii  twice  clnrinf^  tlic  Biegc,  I  hope  my  letters  arc 
arrlv'd  Mk  Into  your  liandH  :  but  I  couldn't  forbear  conp^mtulating  you  on 
thlB  Lucky  and  gloriuas  event.  Our  successes  hnve  not  Indeed  costed  very 
dear  to  oh;  however  you  inuat  not  meaiiure  our  i^iory,  by  the  dangers  we 


OITU  FRENCU  ALLIES.  37 

run  lo  obtain  it,  but  by  tlicir  utility,  ('ornwnllyx.  the  »oiitlii>ru  Lyoi),  Imst 
been  very  tame  to  lis ;  he  hail  neither  teetli,  nor  chiws,  OihI  bl(;s«i  him,  for 
he  has  diim!  no  mitichicr.  We  shall  1  hope  hy  this  last  blow  yet  the  better 
of  the  )iritti!>h  olistiiiaey  to  enslave  amerkii.  Don't  yon  think  that  the 
Congres  we  have  li»Ul  at  York  will  promote  pence  sooner  than  Ihe  Coiiyres 
iit  vrenini?  If  we  eonki  hold  the  next  session  at  churh-htown,  [  do  not 
<)nestir>n  but  we  should  come  to  au  end  of  this  war  next  spring.  Mr.  Oe 
grusse  is  sailed  yesterday  morning  nflor  the  brlltish  licet,  which  eame  in 
si;;ht  and  disappeared;  if  we  heiir  aiiylidnk  of  an  action,  you  sliall  have 
the  parileiilars.  U'e  expect  to  take  our  (iiiarters  at  Lampton  [Hampton?] 
york  and  wiUiainshiirsh.  The  nmerican  army  will  divide,  part  to  your 
liiver,  part  to  urcen's  army.  }>eneral  Washington,  O'"''  <"j""'"-  's  y»lnf! 
back  to  yiiur  Country,  which  1  hope  he  will  protect,  from  the  Indians  of 
nin;;ara  and  new  york. 

"  fivrcwell.  and  believe  mc  forever  with  great  respect  your  devoted  and 
oblijteit  servant  and  friend 

■'Fleiiry 
"i  Dined  yesterday  with  Lord  Coruwnllya  &  o'hara;  i«;issobokl  as  lo 
inquire  of  the  Lord,  why  they  took  so  many  nigros,     by  (loil  said  he  whe 
had  no  other  alllee.H  left  iu  this  Country,     you  forget  did  i  answer,  your 
faithfuU  friends  the  itulians 

"31  October  1781  Cninp  near  york."* 

Oil  returning  to  France  the  Colonel  was  miidc  a  Field 
Marshnl. 

Worthy  to  be  associated  with  I)e  Fletiry  is  Charles 
Animnd  TuHn,  Mnrqnis  do  la  Itonerie,  who  was  bom  at  the 
Castle  of  do  la  Hoiierie,  near  Basonge  in  Brittany,  in  175(5, 
and  early  entered  a  regiment  of  the  French  Guards,  under 
the  cointnand  of  the  Duke  de  Biron.  lie  came  to  America 
early  in  the  struggle  between  the  colonies  and  the  mother 
eonntry,  and  near  the  elo.se  of  his  voyage  narrowly  escaped 
death,  Init  succeeded  in  prcsenirig  (lespatches  fi-om  Dr. 
Fnnikiiti  i)Iaced  in  his  care  by  Captain  Anderson  of  the  ves- 
sel in  which  he  sailed,  anil  in  delivering  them  to  Congress. 
May  10,  1777,  he  was  eonnntssioned  as  Colonel  in  the  conti- 
nental army. 

The  Alaninis  saw  much  sor^'ice  in  the  Xortli  and  at  the 
South.     He  commanded  an  independent  legion,  with  which 

*Ni-w  York  Kvoning  I'oi-t,  Outobi-r  IS,  ItU^t. 


RHODE  tSLANt)  DT  THE  BKVOLTTTKW. 

he  prti-ticipjitcd  in  the  siege  of  Vorklowii.  After  llie  surren- 
der of  (Jdrnwiiilis,  Ijr  was  directed  to  n'[>nrt  to  (Jenenil 
Greene  in  the  I>epai-tmont  of  the  South.  Mafcb  2G,  1783, 
he  was ennimit^sioncd  ii  Itrlgadier-Genernl.  He  wiw  u  brave 
and  HI)  efficient  officer,  and  was  greatly  esteemed  Iwth  hy 
A^'nshinu:ton  and  Rochamlieaii.  Coiijarrcss  passed  vcrj'  coni- 
plimi,'iit«ry  reaohtfions  in  nttknowIedgTiicnt  of  his  servicec. 
In  1784  he  returned  to  Franoe,  where  he  particiiwtcd  iu  the 
excitinjr  I'vents  of  llie  time;?,  ile  died  in  1T!*2  of  grief  for 
tlie  exL'ciitidn  of  Lonis  XVI.,  to  whom  he  was  fnilhfnily 
devoted." 

Baroti  De  Kalb  vnis  bom  in  Geminny.  and  in  early  life 
entered  the  French  service,  in  which  he  continued  forly-two 
ycare.  On  his  ari-ival  in  America  ho  [ifrore<l  his  services  to 
tho  CongiTss.  which  were  flc<icptcd.  He  was  commisHionod 
n  Mnjor-Genenil,  and  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the 
iinny  under  Genersil  Gates,  in  the  battle  near  Camden,  S.  C, 
in  ivh!c-h  he  was  mortally  wonnded. 

■An  fnifrrtTltis  Ucmotrof  Ike  H«rqul«,  vrrlltra  br  Townivnd  Wtud.  Ew).,  of  ttillAfM. 
plllit,  b  i>ulilt>Ncil  In  tlir  IViinijIvnaIn  UftKiuInn  of  niilorj  nnil  DiD|t«phr( 'Ol.  lit  No>  l> 
liCR,  llliulralnl  with  a  Itnely  rnffrnrt^  porri-Rll. 

BAKRArKH.— On  paK"  1*  dmibt*  wmw  cxiwn-fd  wliellior  b«mwrk»w<Te  pr»ctnl  on  I  lie 
Ull-*Me  wnl  uf  (he  tort  on  I'rmnH'Cl  lEUL    Mnn-  thai  imfft-  «w  prlntri  a  iXuj  hu  been 

ptMtd  in  my  liktiiln  III  Mhli-li  I  llinl  Ihr  fiitlinriiix  i-nlT]  : 

"I7K.  JiiiirSI.  TItclMmtckaUndliiKoii  Hip  luml  of  Dr.  Wllllnm  Dowva  wu  lolil  Uilt 
rlaj  at  pnbllc  vumliir  lo  Ibc  >iUd  L>r.  llowra  Tor  il  dullnn  •pretr." 

A«  th»laDil  upon  which  3tajor  .'•umnf r  pro|io«rd  lo  rrMt  the  bnimdti  vai  ownnl  br  I^. 
William  thinrn,  llir  aburr  nKlract  iiukui  1(  apimrtliat.  Ibpy  ncrc  built. 


KfiTK— It  appMra  IImI  prior  iu  ImHok  Fmbiw,  tjUhjrHtA  (nlrrrd  Into  an  agrpeinml 
wHIi  !)flai  t>niiH-,  ihi>«  In  raH>  »  a  jmIUImI  »f»d  fnwBivnial  afrnl  gf  CQngrim  to  pto- 
L-nn  dot  III  nf,  arm -I  atKl  aauDMintlkm,  by  whkh  ww  t-nrnttit  tn  tlir  Airmrr  Ihr  rank  or 
Malnr-limcral.  nlilch  Mr.  Ihranr  ba^xnl  raonn-iu  ii>  ^onlimi.  ^IniHar  rMiinu^n  wera 
insdf-  with  tti.^  R«n>ii  IV  Kalb,  tmd  nlhcr  oWff r»  llit«idiii<  lo  IdfottT^  Hielr  mlMlarr  ftrr 
tUOM  wKh  Ilie  uiuilDcntal  «tnic(lr  tat  •  natioualil.v,  llx-w  contract*  nrv  rmhnn-d  in 
tlie  Drant  paitpn.  aou  In  pauriiloii  o*  iIm>  Trromri  1 '•■partiiH-iJl  In  Watlilnrlun.  Ilwj 
wpo-  iHM-wti-n-l  a  fftr^i<an  njr>  bj  lapliila  n.  A.  ilaj^ltr.  of  tbe  Tttamirr  I>riiMim«^, 
■nd  w*ti!  Hnt  fuibliihrd  In  IIib  Crmtdruiv  tmlng  rma.  TIioib  of  Laraj  <aip  and  Dp 
Kalh  am  htn  jin-antlHl  a*  f  urauMW  l«  IhU  liamtif  e.  Tli*  artlKiicmpli)'  of  Uw  orlKlaali 
lia*  aoi  bcra  ctiaairnd. 


OUR  FItKNCH   ALLIES. 


UAVAYKTTftli  COirmALT. 

"  La  il»lr  i^ur  noiiiiilrur  Iv  iiinniuti  d*  lafh/HIr  uttntoe,  At  wnlr  dans  1p>  Iranpca  Art 
Ernt*  unli  tk>  l/iiiur-ri<|iir  l^.-plpii(rlaii«lF,  i'(  I.'icilrrM  iju'tl  [ir«iii|  s  Id  Juntlcv  ■!<•  Ivitr  (suiv, 
lay  r>tMiil  AO-utiiiilrr  iln  ocrd^lucn  d^  Sc  lilrliitfciirr  h  Ia  (rurm-.  rt  d*  SV  rt-iMlrf  dIII« 
•Blaul  r|ir)l  arn  cii  ley ;  iiMii  ric  |viutaiit  Sc  flulFrd'ubtriilt  ■.'■(cn^iifn I  •■«  Sa  Atiiniri-  )i>>iir 
Mrv(r  en  l'ii}^ii;lni'>ir<^i.-(  [>«Hrr  1k»  men,  (jirnuTaut  iiu*  II  y  Irut*  iMuniit  Ulllricr  tivui'ml, 
J^ar  orfl  ii«|iuutofr  mivux  urvir  )n»n  I'ayn  i-l  dh-i  romniriUiits  quVii  lu;  an'uirfHuC  lui 
IKWn  du  ItTi  iHinaiiiUii  <  uiijcrtu,  I*  jirnili'  do  nii^iir  f<>at'-r.tl  i)up  Jr  Mijiplle  I»  rlHl*  lie  tujr 
vmllraitT,  rallllrr  rl  tn  Dtlr^  KxptJIrr  t»Cainailiutoiii>uur  iniln-t  prindrr  ratitf  Bciitnpttr 
4*  «o}iiHr,  avcc  Iv*  nlBrkin  (IiWruit  ilii  uiniir  ktm'W.  tin  ^IUII^  aal»BiMv,  Si-*  alllim:**, 
Irs  grantlxi  dIjtiillVB  qui.-  u  r»iiilll(  |iiiii>Mi!  vn  cv  <'>>nr,  mu  Mviii  ei>«aldi>rul>k>  ifi  <*  Riijr. 
■nm*,  son  laiTlitr  iienoDiwI,  ^k  rL-puiaiiuu,  ."ton  dpilntrtvtM'merit,  rt  Siir1«iii  t^n  i«]«  |Mur 
Is  lltNtrti^  <t«  iioa  I'ruTlnoifi.  ni'dut  (vulii  jiO  t>iij(UjrT  ■  luy  (ulrp  1a  pruinvMt  ilii<ll(  jcrajlc  do 
uatJtH  jrwiiTBl.nii  tiuiii  ilvHllia  Llitu  unit.  Li>  foyilwiuoj  j'af  Plgiw  I*  iiiMfrit.rnll  •  Pari* 
N'pl  Xlirt.  nifl  >i-jil  «-n[  ."<jii«»lK  SrUp. 

Auk  ri>ii<litl<ii»  critri^iii.  Jc  ni'iiiTh'  ■■(  prciniH  ilr  jmrllr  qnand  ri  ruiiimml  Muiialmr 
iKrnnrlitJiizrtu  ui>r<ip>i<>,  (Hiur  r^rtii  Ij-xdit*  Klnl^aM-c  tuul  k-  ii-lc  puMlblc  .*^an<  aiic«ii« 
(Wiuiloo  uf  ttahnnHit  |Mill<uil|rri  nil'  rMvivaiil  !ii>iilpiii»iil  In  Ulwrli-  df  ip<»nlt  en  tUiro[)», 
LonqM  nut  flunDk  mi  mod  U«r  mc  mivtlwoHi  fall  a  t'arl*  oc  ^])t  Xbrv  17i*- 

If  n.  dt  lanijcilc. 

Tkn  ai*ti  Ihat  thp  liarjiila  dp  f,aAi;i«'lii-  ha*  *1iu>m  in  m-xi  lu  i))«  aioij:  of  Um)  IJnllod 
Nat«aor  North  Auwrlt'H,  mid  Itic  inltri.-tl  thai  he  lukii  in  tlivjuftln*  «r  Ihcbcaiite  laal;- 
tllC  him  nisli  for  opiHirtuidllo  to  dUtliiftuiiili  blinsrlf  In  tliv  Hur.  an'l  to  makr  hiimiflf  iistv 
All  ta  ilwn  a*  Mi'teli  ii*  In  lilm  lln;  liul,  nul  tM^lti^ablv  to  oblnlii  llipct)iiM>iiI  iir  Id*  dually 
|i?»crTvlDaforrli(ni.i>UHlr]r  and  to  rron  tlipocran,  cxwpt  on  Ihc  eondtlloti  Ibal  )i(  dioulil 
Itv  at  a  p^iFTa)  oinmr,  I  liiivr  IidI1c«><1  (linl  I  <n«id  ii'il  terre  mjr  eoiiutTj  am]  njjr  Miprrluri 
bplliT  Itiiiii  by  grariiliix  lu  lihn.  lu  llic  iiaini-  vf  lliu  terv  liimuni til''  (.'uukrm,  Ihr  rnuk  of 
N4|or  lirunal.  wlilcli  1  Ink  tbr  ^talr«  U»  (aanrm  ami  raiir.r.  and  to  Mihd  furward  hU  tarn- 
mlMJoB  lo  fiiabli-  liliii  111  [like  ami  tiulil  raak,  «M)iitIii(  fKnii  lo  iInv,  wtili  itip  jci'iirrat  oA- 
oeriuf  iIk'  latiic  urortt-.  II U  lilxh  blrlli.  Iif>  fuiiEicciloiiK,  III*?  gnM  dlri)li)f>  tut  Id  liy  hi* 
nuiillr  «l  lliln  (^Mirl.  Idi  (vuililrralik  |iui>ci>luni  In  l)i<*  Lintnlimi.  lii->  |HT4-nial  iiictil.  hia 
r*paiai|iiii.  Iil>  iliitiiiFn-iir-liH'",  and,  aliuir  h11,  lili  muiI  (or  ilii' iVn^Uitu  iif  out  mliinlp*, 
batvaloiir  b*«n  iiMi'  lo  liiiluci'  rncto  laakr  thl>  |iromU«  ofllit  Mtd  rank  uf  Unjor-tidu-ral, 
III  Ibe  uaiiic  t>f  tltr  >alil  I'litivd  >lai(-«.  In  ii<iiir»  iir  irhk'h  I  hair  alxricd  thmr  jirt-iaiU, 
iIpiMiai  l*nri«,  I1ili>  kv ri-ath  of  l>c(ub<;f,  •tTi-nu-rn  lunidn-il  uiiil  irvcnit.'lx. 

Ta  tbr  at-iHi- ci>THlili(>ii>  I  aKirr.  ami  |in>Tiil>i-  in  •lad  vhrti  and  how  Ur.  Iiraai-  uliall 
jMilga  b  proja^,  lo  •MOlhrrald  Simlt-n  wllliull  jMiwdbl*  xral.  «rl)li  no  BlIoHaum  nnr  piltala 

Mlarr,  rfMrrliif  lu  nijMlf  onlf  tlie  rislH  lo  n-turii  iv  l^rvp*  whciwriT  my  fluuUj  or  n; 
kiBC  ahall  rroill  tna ;  iIori-  at  l^rla  tbU  •rrcalli  <lar  uT  (fclutm.  KTH. 

(KlgHOll)  TlIH   llAiigi  i«  nK  LArAIXTTK. 

KAR»»  UR  KAU'a  nOMTRAOT. 

tm  namu  De  Ralli  lH<Iair  iuItUkI  hy  ■ami'  <>vnerala  oT  i)ip  ht)thr>l  rvputallon  and  by 
HT(>n»|iKli«'r  K»bl<nw>n  or  th<^  llri>t  tank  In  IhU  rr«llD.  to  fvrrv  ttir  caiKc  of  l.lbcnjrlD 
AatPiii'a,  lia  aoairdliiKl;  uBtrr*  hit  wriliwa  tu  tlir  auMi  tioncirablr  t.'nagrr**,  on  Ibn  IblloK' 
llV  li^na*- 

1.    To  bp  uiad*  m  Mnjurfiriirral  of  I1i«  Amrrlmi  Troopi  M  Ihr  np|«ltiini»nii  of  tiM 

Majiit  llt-iirrala  la  IIibI  •rrilii',  ullli  all  iilhcr  |jm|ul>llri  lii-ii>li(tlli|t  10  Ibal  Hank,  braidri 
B(«rilcular  ««m  lo  hr  altomnt  to  lilm  aniiiiiiIlT,  which  li»  nlll  iii>i  ■Ipli-milnt',  b«l  trij-  uu  It 
for  Otr  riMijpTu,  tH>|>]Bit  ilwy  will  ctirnddcr  Iho  dUTirtMicp  tlioni  b.  I^lwrcii  tliHr  own 
Coaittlryairn,  wloi  arv  lli  Wiili  IfUiiud  lu  dirfr-ail  Itirlr  all,  aiHl  ■  fnn'lgwr  who  out  iif  hli 
owa  aomrdoftr*  lils  IIikp,  Hia  biWp  lili  faiuUt  alTatn  l"  liatnnl  lil*  IIIVfl>r  tW  AmrriCBii 
Ulirrtti-a.     nw  labl  »p)HrUitiiruU  l«  tM^ln  ftatn  Itala  day  MAijtiitntf  Itaa  fcv*Mtli--i;;8. 


40  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLrTION. 

Snd.  Thnt  Mr.  It^nnf*  wDl  TurnWh  him  prvM-nfly  k  hefnTv  embarking  with  a  Hum  of 
twelvp  tlioui>aiLil  livn-n  frenrli  money,  iianidy  fiOOO  to  b*-  comidercd  anil  grlvcn  if  a  gratifl- 
callon  for  tIJC  npcri>i>iir5  expcniKB  attending  bucIi  an  Kmnt,  and  tli'  otliiT  flOOO  as  an 
advance  upon  bin  a]i|)(>lntiiifnta. 

3rd.  Tlinl  CnprHlit  TliiboU  martin  aiid  another  (ieiiticman  who  Ije  Baron  l>e  Knlb  Shall 
nominate  In  tlmi>,  may  bv  ngTwA  as  majors  to  be  liln  aid  <.\u  ('amps  at  Ibe  ap|K)lntmrnt4  of 
•mcrlcan  otniirs  or  the  Same  Itank,  anil  tli»  »um  of  'MOO,,  or  hI  It-a-'t  lMOO,,  be  [laid  to  eftch 
of  tlipm  prcH-ntly  or  berore  embarking.  Ilif  Imlf  of  which  as  a  firalitlcatiou  &  tbe  other 
half  At  an  advunoe,  the  raldappulntmi-ntn  bpf(inn''iR  too  from  tliiit  day. 

4th.  That  In  cam-  the  reace  n-na  niude  uf  their  Ijtndln^  In  america,  ortbal  the  Cunf^M 
would  not  (n^nt  these  demand M,  and  ratify  the  present  afiri-ement,  or  thai  the  llaron  dc 
Katb  himself  dhoulit  on  any  other  accouni  &  at  uny  Time  liirline  1o  relurn  t<i  KHroiM",  that 
he  be  alluweit  to  do  so,  and  bwldes  be  furnUh  with  a  snlllelent  sum  of  money  for  the 
Kxpensei)  of  hia  comlnf;  back. 

On  the  abuve  ('oiidltiunn,  [  en);u|;e  nnd  promise  to  serve  the  anierienn  States  to  tile 
utmost  iif  my  nbllllle>i,  to  acknowledgt^  the  authority  unit  every  art  of  thv  mo't  honorable 
ConKresK,  be  fuilhfiill  to  lh«  Connrry  aa  if  iny  own,  obey  to  Superiors  fommilli-d  by  that 
TAwfull  I'uwer,  and  be  fnim  this  very  duy  at  the  iIlsiHiial  of  Mr.  Ih^Hiie  for  my  embarka- 
tion and  In  such  vedhol  and  harbour  as  he  shull  think  111.  Witness  my  hand,  In  I'arU 
noveiuberye  >M-veuIh  in  the  yeitr  one  thousand  seven  huudreil  seventy-six. 

(Signe<l)  |>K  K.M.n. 

Reed,  of  SIIh!I  Deane  at  I'lirla  Novr.  £!nd  1771!  Sixteen  Thousnud  l-^ight  Hundred  l.ivn.un 
acct.  of  the  above. 

(SigneTl)  liK  Kai.b. 

N  B  paid  (9400  In  I'ath 
& turn  by  a  Bill  on  Mesm.  Eh-Iap*. 

A  joint  contract  was  hI!<o  maile  out  for  Chnrlen  Louis,  Viscount  de  Mituml,  Chevalier 
I>udouiM-an  de  Fiiyolle,  and  de  Sonnevlllc,  the  former  lo  be  made  u  Mnjor-I.iciicral,  and 
the  latter  lo  be  hU  flldB-de-camp,  wlih  the  rank  res)H-i'tlvely  of  Lleulfniiult'olniiel  and 
Major.  The  salaries,  bounses  and  other  terms  were  defined.  The  name  i>f  the  i'lie^'aller 
<le  Sonnevllle  was  not  signed  to  the  eontract,  and  there  Is  no  mention  of  iliesi-  iilheiTi'  any- 
where lu  the  rei'ords  of  the  army.  Il  is  Ihouj^ht  probable  thai  llii-y  did  not  come  to  .Amer- 
ica. It  will  ho  si-en  that  In  his  contrnct  Ijifayelte  alone  silpnlalcil  to  serve  wllliyiit  |>iiy.— 
a  Blipulallon  reiu-wed  In  his  oppUcatlon  to  Coujiress  for  the  runk  of  Hjuorlienernl. 
AlthoUfch  thi»  rank  was  conferred  upon  him  In  Tnrls  by  Mr.  lleiine,  and  may  have  In-en 
known  to  blx  I'amily  and  lo  tlie  king.  It  diH's  not  ripiH'ar  lo  have  caused  Ihem  lo  look  wlrh 
favor  upon  his  pvopiisii]  American  ailventure.or  to  liuvc  Induced  the  government  lu  riTrain 
ftom  inea^nre*  lo  prevent  lis  consummaiion. 

Mr.  t*llH$  IV'Hue,  by  wlKmi  Ihe.-tc  eontraeln  were  made,  wa^  eho-^en  by  t'ongress  an  .Vin- 
bassudor  lo  Krance.  and  served  In  connexion  with  Franklin  and  .lelPerson.  In  1777  he  was 
recalled.  lie  suffrreil,  as  is  not  unfn'<|nently  the  exirerience  uf  piiblle  men,  from  misrep- 
resentations of  ills  ofllclal  acts,  but  Dr.  Kranklln  testllied  to  hia  (lUiiuuUlied  iiilecrlly  in  all 
his  Iransaclloni'  for  OniKress.  lie  was  n  m.in  of  xlrong  menial  endowments,  an  eurne.st 
patriot,  nnd  H  victim  of  determined  enemies.  He  wa*  born  In  tirolon,  t'onn.,  l>eceniljer 
21,  1737,  and  died  In  Deal,  Kn^land,  August  :>3,  17HU. 


10 


y.if'Ur  i*r.  »%!■  r\   fhf  REVoLiTTny, 


VfrA      T''»"    •*■    r*....  ■'?   r^.«..(i    1 i-wMtN'   %   't>-(i<r>- <'>niiiirk:iii:  vttli  a  -urn  -rf 

**r-V»  *(•"■! I  kxil  '■<  -1 1  rt«  iM '.  trj  i».T  iiitiirt-J-  iHMt  VI  III!  >-<iii4ii|i-^*<t  luil  ^"'''■i  ifi  ^  jracif!- 
'it'i"n  f'fF  <■•■  !■•  ■•■^■•i  I  •]■••>•••  4>t>  iiiliiiK  <iM'>i  tn  Kn-iiii  mil  *ti  -■tli>-r  'Bant  ar  ma 
a&nn-*t-  ij^.i.  III!  ■|<|F"tiiir>.>n<i 

Jtr').  f  )>•■■  <  iiji<>;i>  lhi).>i>  ii>iriiii  mil  iiirs'ii'r  lu-iii'i'iiinii  viii  i.r  !tBr>in  [V  kAlh  ^'lal', 
nfirtt'ifm**-  ill  *iriii    Mini  In  «f*«4-1  ■«  tii'^'oi^  '  >  Th-  *ti*<  till  h-   ■  .iiiip^  tr  'hi-  juifiiinriufar-*  'if 

«m*rI'-Bn  "ffi i  n-'  «■«!.  Ii«tih.  «ii.<  ■'»■  <ii->i  ■■!   ni«*' .    -r  ii  '■  «.-i  ;•»•',  'w  ;iuii|  ■■■  -».-a 

*if  llicrn  [in'iiiTi  .■■  I- I.  !•  .  i..».rt-k-";i   iiii  I  ■•!  ■t'iii-<i    i<  I  J— ir-m-at-i'ii  X  "'It-    .'lh*r 

hnU  h' nn  n'l' Bi"  • .  •*>•  m"!  i»ri»i'ii''-i..  in  h.  (i-i-ii  .^  ■!<■■  'Tiim  *'ii-  i«" 

4Jh.     1lmilii»^*i   i'»«-  l'»<»^  •  *»  ri.i.lr  j:  -fn'i-  t  ^'•lii-ijf   n   *'iir«''»-v  -t   'tn:  "'if  »  -  Qff^#* 

would  n'lt  Brum  I'l- "  ■'■  nimi-U.   .p.l   -mv-   ■'-»■   n-"-**-     ijt— .n '     t   •  la:   ■  ••■    H*.--'i  'if 

KkIIi  ti[lli«ll  ili'iiilil  "ii  dill  litlirt  ■.1^-1, T.:  A  !■  «i-  ■■111  ■■«■■■  ini  .1  -I'-ir-i  -  •  t.i-i  r*.  -  :>; 
li^  lif-  RlliiiTf  <l  I"  ■!■>  '-1,  mill  l«*i.»n  h.'  ?v— ,..o  »■■>  J  -ii-lliMi'<i;  -ii-u  'f'  -»■  .ir-  ■  r  ;i* 
Ki|i''i)«a  c>r  liU  •-■•H-liiH  I'ni'l. 

''rj  flif  nli-'W-  f  ifiii1iiliiii<>,  1  '-iikH^  liTii!  f-ri'R  !*r  ■■  ■  *f^if  -'u-  jni»""iTn  ^'i--*  -  -'it 
ntiii'ial  iii  iin  iitilllili-.,  In  iii'kin'H  liv)^  'In  «i.r'i  ■— .n  »- -  n--—  «.-;  -i  ■ '.■  — .  •--  ■■-.  r»Sw 
I  '111(1 1  ",  t»  full  Mull  111  I  111'  I  imlitri  ■>  -.1  ir'  .■■■  r..  -■■•  >  '.-  ■««--'«  "i'--*  .■■■■:-  "-  ■;  ?-  t'-j; 
I, DO  Cull  !'■•*  II ,  Dii-I  Im-  Iniiti  llii-  II  >i  ilin  >;  "i  .'i':*!-*'  .■  1|"  ■.»»*■■  "  -  -.  ■  ■  v  iftT^a- 
ll-iii  liiiil  III  •iirli  M'"i'l  Hiiil  >iBr|iiiiir  ■>  Ih  hIibII  :I.ii.L  r'  W  -v<v  '•.-  'a.:-:  'l  I'mr.* 
wiM  mill  I  ^1-  m'l  I'lilli  III  Itir  \rMi  nii«   IlmuMilhl  M  «i'U  lll^tf^i^si  -«  i .  r.~>  .^'\ 

(■•lyiii'il  :  i    k  iLK. 

Kifl  -1  -I  Ik-  It.'iiiii  Hi  I'tiil-  Null  ?-.1i.l  !::iMX(nr  Tii.u^-AU^  t  ^:  Hi.i-^-vd  !-•».  ^i 
kii  I     III   lli<    lit 

-•r 1  i<!   Ki:k. 

N  ti  jMliI  ^o*vl  III  i  ■^|| 

A  Hitrii,.  H  Mill  1,11  Mi'iiBr>    iii1ali> 


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II  iiiB'tr  oiil  fiir  ( 'hNr)!"!  I.KiiiN.  Vinmiinl  di    Maumi,  i 'lift  alifT 

I  llr  >i»iiii.i  nil.,  ilii'  fHrnii^t-  !■>  hr  inailr  a  Majiirticm-ml.  and 

1.1 1  mil*  ill'  i'iiiii|i,  « iili  iIh'  rniil.  n-«pmli'c1r  nf  I.li-nTi>nani-i  '(•Irtiicl  ajid 

mil-  -  ■ml  iillii'r  Ifnn*  wimi.  thiflnMl.     TIm.  iiaim-  'it  tin'   '  liFi-Bjier 

yiti-ii  III  ilii  ri III  1  rur I ,  aiiil  iIh^D'  !•  nn  iiti'iitimi  nf  lhe>M*  nffinT*  ant- 

I  -tu   ■Mill .     Ii  i»  lt(iMi|;ti'l  (iroliHtilf  itiKi  tIk-i  iliil  imi  rniiii'  In  \nii"'- 

1  III  IJ*  r.itili'iir'l  1jtlK^''ni.  alum-  *-Tl|iiiljir I'll  To  ^t^ryt-  h  irh.u::   p:M   — 

111    till    i<|i|.lli'iittiiii    ii.   (  micTi —   f.T    Ilii-   niiik  nf   Vv-'  I  ■'■II'  -»;. 

I'l  i.li  mil    ijjoiii    III  III   III  T'lii-i-    ti"   Mr.  IS  hii(  ,  luni   n.ii .   'lU'  ■    tni'n 

I  ii.  till'  kiiijr,  I'  il'H-  lull   H|i;iiiir  li.  Iinvi    nin-i'i]  iIh'Ij.   '•.  ii.iL  witti 

\  r.ii  M.  HM    N'Im  ll'lll'i-.  I.|    lo  bj,\i     ilhllTh'r.ij    Ibi    ^'..1  |.:'IL]UI'I|'  'If  ^''Traill 


I:. -11  III. 


'I  :i' 


nil. ill 

I'llThll-Ki-l*    WITI      MiHrli  .  WH-.  i'lni-.-1'l      Tn    ' 

i'..|.|-<  vii.ti  »  i-li  I-  I'll  lit,  I  ill  II  II.)  .Ii. Hi  --11.11 
il'ii'Tjiif-MlIt  Till-  i\iM,.ii-iin    III   fiiili'i.'    Ill 


li^— !■"    Ml    Aill- 

li.  iTrr   lie   wa* 

1>    1  .11  lll,lll'.;lll  lilij    Till     1  XIM  ,■■!  lirt      III     |ll.Ii'l,      IIII  Tl.  fl-olli    Tlli-n'p- 

'  si-(>.  hill  Ml    I'l'Niikliii  i--..iiiH..1  ri.  I.;-  iiii,|ii)ilitii-i|  iii'i-pH'i  iii  all 

,111^-1-k-.      Hi    n-fi>  11    Tii.'in  "f  ^IfMliC    Hit  mii:    fTi.l  ■«  Irir'lils,  Jill    i-lirt>1'pT 

■  ■'  'l>  'I  I  111  nil  il  i-iii-iiiii '..     Ill  mi-  Uii-i;  in  iir.i;.iii.  I  unn.,  1  ii'ci'iiiIht 
•■il.  I.hlIhii'I.   Xiik'i'-'  ■-"■  >'>■■'■ 


^ 


PART  rr. 


ii<,ft-ERN"OR>  OmtE  AND  tiREENX 

DEPtTTrJI'i-v-EaN'tAttM    BB.\[>W}S.O   aXD   BO>WTr>-.— THE   BRITISH 
I>"    NEWPORT— OESIRAI,   aPT3fCEE'3    CAKP-UOS. 


^  "S  the  openirur  aod  pm«rrp»t-  of  the  Kt*voIiition.  Rhixle 
^^  r-lanU  wx-*  excee<iiQjrIy  fijitniuite  in  h»^r  chief  magia- 
tratei^.  Niirhob.'i!  Cooke,  of  Pmvi«leD<:e.  *.i<jTerTior  from 
1775  to  177?t ;  ;infl  WilliAin  Greene,  of  Warwiok.  Governor 
fmrn  177'*  to  I7Hti,  were  Iwth  men  of  nntirina  energy  an»l 
devoted  patnotism.  They  nppreciated  the  vahie  of  the 
stake  fnr  which  the  confedenition  wa.-*  playin;^.  and  heartily 
supported  every  mea<inre  ralciiL-ited  to  insure  it*  suivess. 
Aware  nf  the  exiMJt^d  condition  of  Rhode  I^hind,  with  its 
lon^  line  of  tinprotected  isear-coaot,  Governor  Cooke  was 
deeply  :soliciton.-i  that  "ea^jnahle  mea.-iiires  mi^ht  t>e  adoptetl 
to  insure  safety  to  the  State.  He  therefore,  March  ll>. 
177(1,  addressed  a  letter  to  General  Washington,  then  at 
Cambrid;2:e, -solii-itin^  hU  assiiittance.  ~The  sin^^ilar  situa- 
tion." he  ifavr^,  "^vill,  we  hope,  excite  your  Excellency*!* 
immMiaie  attention.  Khofie  Island,  and  many  other  islands 
in  our  ^>a.^^s  and  river*,  with  the  extensive  sea-coast,  render 
It  veri-  diffi..-ult  to  defend  ourselves  against  the  present  min- 
isterial fort-OS.  AVhat  our  situation  must  he  should  a  large 
armed  force  make  a  landing  upon  Rho<.le  Island,  or  any 
other  jKirt  of  the  colony,  your  Excellency  may  as  easily 
6 


42  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

suggest  .'is  wc  can  descrilie.  It  will,  we  are  sure,  be  your 
Excellency's  greiit  concern  to  defend  every  part  of  the  con- 
tinent iis  far  as  possible.  Should  your  Excellent-y  see  tit  to 
order  any  part  of  the  forces  from  the  vicinity  of  lloston,  to 
any  of  the  southern  colonics  we  could  wish  your  Excellency 
would  order  their  march  through  this  colony  by  the  sea- 
shore, that  we  miglit  have  the  chance  of  their  being  present 
should  the  colony  be  immediately  invaded ;  and  [to  con- 
sider] whether  it  may  not  be  necessary  that  a  considemble 
force  should  be  immediately  stationed  here,  till  the  intention 
of  the  enemy  can  be  known,  we  also  submit  to  your  Excel- 
lency." 

Washington  felt  the  force  of  this  appeal,  yet  situated  as 
he  was,  straightened  for  arms  and  ammunition,  he  could  not 
readily  comply.  In  the  following  letter,  however,  he 
expresses  a  sense  of  the  danger  to  which  the  State  is 
exposed,  and  indicates  the  only  method  iu  his  power  to 
render  scn'ice : 

"  rAMMitiDOB,  March  lilst,  1770. 

"Sir:— Your  fnvors  orthcmthand  lOtii  instnntl  rcceiveil.aiul  am  sorry 
to  hear  that  your  militia  are  so  (lutlcl«nt  Iti  arm>t.  I  Rni'  the  mi.srortiiiie  is 
too  common;  nor  do  [  know  how  It  will  be  remedied.  In  this  army, 
although  I  liave  pursued  every  mode  I  conid  device,  for  procnrlng  them, 
there  Is  still  a  groat  deliciency ;  iiud  a  cou^ldemhle  iuiml)vr  ol'  men  with- 
out any  in  their  Imiids. 

"The  peculiar  situation  of  llhode  Island,  and  tiic  exteutdve  sea  coast, 
had  not  escaped  my  mind.  I  well  know  the  ent-my  have  It  in  theii'  power 
to  do  it  comsiilcrable  damage,  unless  there  is  a  sutiicient  forte  lo  repel 
their  attempts. 

"  But  it  Ls  Ihe  opinion  of  tho  general  oOiccrs  here,  that  their  destination 
U  against  New  Yorlt ;  the  Imporlaiice  of  whkh  (as  it  secures  thi:  free  and 
only  communication  between  the  northern  and  sontiiern  roionles,  which 
will  be  entirely  cut  off  l>y  their  possessing  It,  und  give  them  the  command 
of  Hudsou'i'  river,  and  iin  easy  pass  Into  Canada),  miikei^  it  absolnlely  and 
Indispensably  net.-es,'<ary  for  the  whole  of  this  army,  which  l.i  Iml  incon- 
siderable, except  that  part  of  It  which  will  be  left  here  to  secure  tiie  stores, 
barracks,  and  other  puijlic  property,  to  be  marched  from  Its  defence  with 
all  possible  ospedltlon.  It  is  an  object  that  should  command  our  llrst 
attention,  and  if  lost,  will  he  of  the  most  fatal  consequence  to  us  iu  the 
present  unhappy  and  interesting  struggle. 


OUB  FBEKCH  ALLIES.  43 

"  Lest  any  nttompt  shoukl  be  mnde  ngaliist  you,  I  sliiill  give  orders  to 
the  officers  coiiiiniiiKlIng  bilfimlus,  if  they  have  Intelligence  of  :iii  invasion 
upon  their  iiinrch,  that  they  forthwith  return  to  yoiip  succor.  I  shall  also 
order  the  olHcer  who  will  be  left  here,  to  do  the  stime  with  the  troops 
under  his  conitnHnd.  whenever  occasion  mny  require  It. 

"Ajrrcealily  to  the  request  nmrto  by  you,  and  your  Honorable  General 
Assembly,  I  shall,  with  cheerfulness  jinil  pleasure,  direct  some  of  the  lost 
divisions  that  jro  ttota  hence,  to  pursue  the  route  you  wish,  if  they  ran  be 
accomi undated  with  covering  and  provision;  and  .shall  be  evi-r  ready  and 
happy  to  render  Rhode  Island,  or  any  other  place,  any  services  in  my 
power,  that  may  be  compatible  with  the  general  good. 

"I  am,  sir,  with  sentiments  of  the  highest  regard, 

"  Your  and  their  most  obedient  Hcrvant. 


^^ 


"  To  Governor  Cooke." 

Ill  11  letter  addressed  to  Generiil  AVashingtoii,  under  date 
April  23,  177fi,  Governor  Cooke  says  : 

"  I  prevailed  upon  Colonel  Knox,  who  passed  throngh  this  town  on  his 
way  to  Norwich,  to  take  a  view  of  Newport,  and  to  direct  such  works  to 
be  thrown  op  an  he  .should  think  necessary  for  the  defence  of  the  phice. 
He  Is  clearly  of  opinion  that  the  town  of  Newport  may  be  secured;  and 
hath  left  some  directions,  which  I  have  ordered  to  be  carried  Into  execu- 
tion. They  have  begun  the  works,  and  I  believe  will  thi.t  day  complete  a 
buttery  which  commands  the  north  entrance  of  the  harbor. 

"  To-morrow  they  begin  the  fortiflcations  upon  Fort  Island ;  nu<l  If  it 
l)e  in  onr  power  to  complete  the  works,  I  have  no  doubt  It  will  pnt  n  total 
end  to  torylsm  in  this  c<ilony. 

"As  Colonel  Knox's  stay  was  very  short,  hi.-*  plans  are  not  particular  nor 
exact.  If  It  were  possHilc  for  Your  Excellency  to  spare  from  your  army 
come  person  acquainted  with  fortifications,  to  assist,  were  It  only  for  a 
few  days,  yon  would  do  us  a  particular  favor,  and  a  most  essential  service 
to  the  common  cause. 

'  I  beg  the  favor  of  Your  Excellency  to  represent  the  state  of  the  colony 
to  Congress,  and  to  recommend  to  them  the  taking  our  brigade  (which  Is 
enlisted  to  serve  in  any  of  the  United  Colonies,)  into  Continental  pay; 
and  to  establish  a  force  here,  for  the  defence  of  the  colony." 

To  this  Wiushington  replied  April  28th  :  "I  received  your 


44 


RHODE  ISLAND  tS  THE  REVOLLTION. 


favor  of  the  2ath.  I  am  very  g-Ind  (hat  Colonel  Knox  has 
titkeD  a  view  of  Newport,  and  bu)H!  llio  diix-ctioUH  ho  left 
will  l)c  attended  with  nil  the  good  consr(|iii'ncc8  you  men- 
tion." 

Niclioltut  Cooke  was  horn  in  Providence,  Febniary  3, 1717. 
He  was  an  pminent  luort-hnnt.  and  for  iiiiiriy  years  ciigao-od 
in  sea- faring  lif'"  as  a  s!>)p-inii>ilei'.  lie  bei-nnie  conspjtnious 
in  town  and  Stutti  alliiirM.  \\'bcn  urged  to  permit  hii>  naiuu 
to  be  iiEicd  aa  a  caiitlidal«  for  Governor  as  the  only  person 
on  wliom  the  friends  of  Americjin  freedom  louhl  ajrree,  be 
relucltintly  yielded,  saying  that  if  we  did  not  suecced  in  the 
revolutionary  struggle  we  shouhl  bo  liun|^  a«  traitors  ;  and 
OS  the  rulers  would  he  tnken  fir>*t,  he  Huppo^ed  he  might  as 
well  Ite  Iiimgas  iinother.  A  further  illii.stration  of  bis  decis- 
ion of  character  i»  found  in  the  following  letter  addressed  to 
Cunirnodore  ^Vallace.  It  waa  written  muter  direetioii  of  a 
resolution  passed  by  the  Geneml  Assembly,  while  Mr. 
Cooke  waa  Dcputy-Uovcmor.  Such  action  was  necessitated 
on  account  of  detention  and  intorfcrcnco  with  the  commerce 
of  the  colony  by  AVallace,  then  in  command  of  Ilia  Majes- 
ty's ship  Knse ; 

"  EAtrr  GaKiiNwicii,  Juii«  II,  1772. 
" "  BiR :— Irony  Iihto  ihu  gooil  pcuplc  of  tills  colony  bci-n  upprcsscd  by 
yanr  conduct.  In  lnterni|ttl]ig  ilivlr  lAn-nii  trad*',  ami  prvvftitfug  Uio 
ImportAtloii  i>r  tlic  provision?  nrcessarj  Tor  ihtir  snhsUtencc. 

•■The  ucis  of  llio  Brilisli  Parliament,  nlwady  Hllttl  wllh  rrslr  let  Ions  of 
tra<lc,  op|>re^<>lvu  In  llii;  liljiih^^st  clcfirrt^,  mppiq  by  joii,  lo  l>0  thouglit  loo 
li;nl«i)t. 

'•  Not  controlled  by  lho«e  you  nffect  to  cat)  your  n)ut«r».  you  have 
doialiietl  till.*  pvr»<>u«  and  Uikvii  awny  Uii.-  properties  of  His  MiO^nly'* 
American  sobjccta,  tviUiont  any  warnint  ttom  the  acta  of  iruJL'i  by 
wlilcli  yoii  Itnve  irreatly  Impeded  the  InWrcoiirse  between  ihU  and  the 
other  coloiilea,  nn  well  ah  bcCwem  the  dlffbrcnt  parts  of  thi»  colony.  The 
lnhabit:tnt.t  ^xpccling  the  iiilcrposlllon  of  the  lannil  authority  of  th« 
coloiij,  luivi!  Iionic  LlieM  ouLntgCN  with  u  imttciict-  almost  criminal. 

*'TbL>  I.rgiHlatnre  have  heard  their  complaliilji,  and  In  cunHCijuence  of 
an  act  psvacd  by  tho  Oenvrat  AHsetnhly  tlity  day,  I  dviiinnii  uT  yon  tli«  rvn- 
Kon  of  your  conduct  towards  ibc  luhabltRntD  of  this  colony.  In  stopphig 
and  dciiiliiliiii;  thf  <■'  vet>«:el!<.  And  I  alxo  deiaiind  of  yoti,  tluit  you  linmi'dl- 
at«ty  restore  the  two  jHtckels,  bclon(cii]g  to  soinc  InbabiuttiLH  of  the  town 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


45 


of  ProrU|«>ne«;  and  nt)  other  v«ftAels  belonging  tA  tb«  InliitbltntiU  of  this 
colony,  which  ,roij  have  taken  imil  iinJusLl;  dctaliHrJ. 

"  So  luii;(  »M  yoti  remain  In  the  colony,  nn<1  i1«iiieau  y<i(in«eir  a*  hi^comcs 
your  offlte,  yon  inny  dtiwml  ij|)"ii  tin?  iirutt-ctiun  of  tlip  low«,  «nil  wfrj 
OMlntnnce  for  proiRoiiuB  the  public  service.  In  tny  power.  And  yon  may 
Rlito  he  asc^urvd  thiil  iXm  whole  power  of  Ifaio  culoiiy  vrlll  be  exerted  to 
sertini  the  persons  and  prupvrtli»  of  Uic  inbaltltanta  ugalnHt  every  hiwlvss 
hiradcr. 

•  An  imiD'cdintc  nnsvrcr  is  rwpn-sti;*!  to  tliis  letter. 

•'  I  am,  silr,  jour  mewl  liuitiUle  Mcrranl, 


WiiAtf'(^dp;^B_^-^ 


"To  CuptAin  iIamiw  WAl.LA<rR." 

As  Pri'sideiit  of  the  Boni*d  of  War,  a  Inrjre  i)orticm  of  Ihe 
piihlic  rorrcspondence  remained  in  tlio  posseasion  of  Gov- 
ernor Oiokc.  Much  of  this,  lo<je(hcr  with  other  vahialile 
documents,  was  destroyed  I»3*  the  gmat  fire  which  con- 
stmied  hh  hou»te  on  South  Mnin  uttre^t,  Janimry  21,  1801, — 
a  lost)  to  tlie  historian  greatly  to  be  lamentod. 

In  hU  liiisincss  ptirsnits  Govemor  Cooke  wne  •<iioeo«sfiil , 
having  acctimuluted  an  ample  foiliiue.  In  private  life  he 
WHS  i-hcerfiil,  uQiihlc,  benevolent,  and  a  <lbvout  Hiip[>orter  of 
ehristian  institutions.  He  died  Soptemher  14,  1782,  in  the 
Mxty-fifth  year  of  his  age,  honored  and  Inmentod.  One  who 
knew  him  well,  iind  who  wils  compi-tent  to  correctly  esti- 
mate his  public  niul  private  qnnlilies,*  has  left  on  recor<1 
this  testimony:  "If  a  eorroet  history  of  the  Revolution,  so 
fiir  lis  Hhodc:  Ishtiid  18  concemc<I,  shotiM  l)e  writlen,  the 
name  and  clmnicler  of  Xich(da«  Cuoke  must  appvar  conspic- 
uous ;  by  hU  decision  and  energy  he  mit»od  nnd  sitRtainod 
the  high  rrpntalion  of  the  State,  with  the  full  confidence  of 
Genurul  \VHHliin<^.on  and  the  hi^h  uppix'ciution  of  the  lead- 
ing men  of  the  ueigfatxiring  Slates,  aa  well  m  of  Congress." 


■Jaha  tlowUad. 


46 


BHODK  ISLAND   IK   THE   ItEVOLLTION. 


His  rviunius  Ho  in  the  Xortli  Uiiritil  Groiiml  in  Providence, 
hfiiparh  n  moniinicnt  I>e:iHnj^  an  iipin-opniUp  inr§<-riptii>ii.* 

Williiim  (in-.niu!  wns  ilcsremk^d  fnmi  .lohii  (irt'iMu'.  sur- 
geon, who  fifiit  settled  in  Pi-ovideucc,  tmt\  tiftcnvards  wiia 
one  of  the  eitrlictt  settlers  in  VVarwick.  He  wns  n  son  of 
(fovcnior  \VilIiHm  GriH'nc,  w\m  ditil  in  otBce,  and  was  hnm 
in  Ea>it  Ciifonwirli,  (Wnrwiek,)  August  l(>,  17S1.  and  died 
in  the  houietituHd  niiiii^ion,  where  he  had  jMissed  his  lift*, 
Xovt-mbpr  211,  1SH!I.  in  tht-  «ev»Mi(y-t'ighth  ywtr  iif  hi**  iigp. 
He  WHS  hnrivd  in  the  funjily  ptMneterj'  on  the  fiirm.  I!aving 
boen  Chief  Justice  of  the  State,  he  brought  to  his  offif*  us 
Governor  exact  legal  knowledge  that  gave  weight  to  his 
opinions  in  all  niattei's  involving  pnintN  of  law.  That  he 
was  an  iineoniproniiKing  patriot,  as  already  intimated,  his 
public  correspondence  and  other  otheial  acts  clearly  vhow. 

The  spint  in  which  Governor  Greene  entered  upon  the 
duties  of  liis  officft  is  well  expressed  in  a  longratulntory  Icl- 
ter  from  his  kinsman.  General  Nathanacl  Greene,  who  wrote  : 
"  1  am  pei'^uadud  you  have  taken  the  reinet  of  govcnnnent 
fixirn  the  Iwst  of  motives,  and  that  you  will  discbai^  your 
trust  with  the  grealest  integrity."  lie  mamed  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Simon  and  Deborah  Kay,  of  Itloek  Inland,  by 
whom  he  had  four  chitdrun,  viz. :  Hay,|  ShuiucI.  Phadie  and 
Celia. 

•OviBmor  Caakm  foanil  ui  HllrU-nl  caa4D(of  la  Ovfuij-tiarrruat  WllHaai  llniilfbrd,  of 
irbiol,  simI  tKirh  liarinit  vHlcml  upon  Ihclr  rHpcctlrc  oaieo*  "«I  a  itmp  of  n**!  p«bllc 

dMitrr,  dlltki>lt>  aixl  >h>lr<:r*i.  atHl  illK^uinrJ  Ihr  ililllt*  of  tlM-lr  •lallnui  «>illi  pttrMIr 
u^I,  llniuii-**  Ruil  Intrejitdlly,"  ()«•  ijrnml  Aunnblf .  <">  tlvrlr  n>tlrin|  fti.ni  nldn-,  )ir« 
*rn)vil  lomcli,  in  iH-lmlf  vr  Ihr  Slalr.  ■  vo)p  uf  Ihanhi  In  Btliioirtl(iltni'<'«l  "f  'lir  ■  iilut'  of 
liU  (arflr*^.  Itv  wb*  In  tnCiniBlc  n-lallum  KJtli  WntlilMjifon,  olxi.  Il  li  Mil'l.  ■luring  olip 
of  ItUriitt*  to  Ithodr  Idsnd  lUiiCMl  Hi  V'tk  Hi  »  Welcome  ipm%  ■!  Ibr  ]il<-«»nHt  UouBt 
Ho|w  nmniiau.  William  llnuUViril  wa,  n  Hum]  ili-iwiiilniil  of  liuirmor  WlUtalii  llraclrutil. 
Ilip  •raiiii]  (lOfptnor  of  I'lf  inuulh  t'olunji,  anil  wh*  boru  lit  I'l; mixiili,  Mima.,  <ii  N<>t*in- 
tirt,  l»tt  llu  slndkit  nicdidoe  nuJcr  lUc  lulitMi  of  in.  ExrltM  Utney.  omiiuiham, 
Mai>.  He  iHtlrd  In  hb  pmTcHJon  In  M'arrrn.  It.  t..  anil  rFrnuml  tbrarr  lo  Itritlol  and 
luilrmi  tlje  )ir«fnuim  of  the  law.  HU  tunitr  (»  RrUlol  aua  liunw^l  liy  ilic  ItHiltli,  .\t 
lllcc«tnIn^b<VIll■-tlt  of  thf  Krvolaihin  lit'  voi  a  tnt-rnbrr  ul  iti*  <  <iinmlti<'r  of  rnrmjHiiiit' 
racr.  Pi>r  iitDnj  jt-tr*  b*  wa*  >tD'alirr  at  llir  Itliuiir  liland  tirnrral  AiMtuiliIy.  In  ITU:  hr 
Wft*Plt«1'^  a  ^ciMior  In  Congrm,  aud  waaa  Tniilc-vof  Itrnvrn  rnlvvnli}-  fKitn  17M  to  liU 
ilraDi.  wlitrliOKiirmt  Jiilyn.  IHW. 

r  llriii.  lla;  <ir*»nr  HIUhI  iIk)  aKor  of  Attomrjr  (ienrral  and  lIUIHcl  Atlarnvji  Tar  Htraral 
jMLf*-  n<'iraiaUoGl««fdSfMinrlii<.'<Hijtn'*'>.wlilclipoiliianhrrridKrivil  In  iwt.  Hon. 
Wmtani  linmr,  nmi  nf  Ka)' Urrvitr,  h*ld  tli*  oAcr  iif  l.lrulrDaat-UoiMiHiT  af  Kboda 
Ulaud  fMin  1Mb  M  IMS. 


OIU  PKKSCH  ALLIBB. 


47 


During  the  stay  of  tho  Fi-ench  Allioa  in  Khodc  Isljind, 
RMrhnnibonii.  Lufuyctto,  Gcneral*i  Orcycne,  Siilliviin  niul  Xnr- 
ntim  were  uftcn  gucMs  at  his  lio^pitahlu  tabic.  In  prJviite 
tit'c  he  was  u  niodf^l  irhrii^tUui  «r|inlk-ni]i)i,  nlwnyti  •rnnllc  nnd 
kind  t«>  thoHO  around  him,  luul  universally'  heloviM]  and 
respCL-tL'd  US  ii  gouU  and  M'iso  iiian,  a  judiciutiK  L-tmn&cUor, 
and  a  fkilhl'id  ft-icnd.* 

Ks\r\y  in  the  wjir  New|KJrt;  :ip[>car$  Ui  have  l»een  regarded 
hy  tile  Unti^h  m*  an  uligildc  Imtw  fur  military  and  naval  o]h>- 
mtions.  mid  on-lhu  7lh  of  I>cccnilier,  I77ri.  when  only  about 
ftevcn  hundred  American  t^^ohliem  were  on  the  island  for  Its 
prcileetion,  Sir  Peter  Parker,  with  seven  ships  (if  the  line, 
four  frig:ite8  and  seventy  tnmrtport*.  anchored  in  the  bay, 
and  the  next  day  (Sunday)  diNenibarkeil  alxait  »ix  thousand 
tru()ps,f  and  i(M)k  |MJs«es(iion  of  X<'vv[»ort.  These  trrKips 
wens  connuaTided  by  General  Clinton.  Under  him  were 
Earl  Percy  nnd  Majur-Genenil  Pix-scott.  TIiuh  Pi-ovidence 
and  the  intermediate  towns  on  both  sides  of  tho  Imy  were 
Tirtually  blockaded. 

With  this  advent  of  the  enemy  began  spoliations  cummon 
to  war.  The  (.itizens  of  the  town  and  of  the  island  were 
roblK>tl  with  impunity,  and  many  fled  to  Providence  and 
ebewherc.  lo  csirape  further  ill  treatment.  Indeed,  it  wa8  n 
dark  and  trjiniig  period  during  the  nearly  three  years  in 
which  Khode  lisland  was  made  the  theatre  of  war. 

The  oceniMition  of  Ncw]>firt  by  the  Hrilish  not  only  ]>Itieed 
on  embni^o  on  the  coniiuei-ce  of  Providence,  and  enabled 
the  enemy  tu  mvage  the  country  bonlcriiig  on  Xarn^nsell 
and  Mount  Hoih>  Itay.s,  but  it  w&a  a  tonnidable  menace  of 
Now  Kngland,  and  was  so  felt  by  Conncetietit,  I^Iussachu- 


*Mllw  fatrloite  I>^itlr.t>«*«r>OT  Jiib«s  Hinrvii,  ulpwtr  MMMiUcd  vitth  ti»T«rMI 
OnwM  li  puMtr  afflilM,  wllh  ib«  «Krc|it><ifi  or  •  •'InjcU  jtnr.  IVmh  ibi-  «iuiii»i'naii»cai  u 
Ih»<l0»a  of  l)l«  fubmnaliirlal  carcvr,  uii  vxtriulinl  iiuOcc  will  l»  Ibuud  In  BnollMr  part  Of 

T  nt  roiT*  nraHa  or  Ponauuiuih  wy  "  almitt  ^.uw  »r  aciri.li  imoft  Iniitliil  ■■>!  loMi 
puvMadiiK  nt  llil*  tdaiid."    Thaj  ooiidBtcKt  ut  Btr  Rritlili  rrglmiinu.  Incliulini  a  rrfimtrnt 
ftttf^Uyrr.at'A  ftiur  roplinrnttotiloMlw*.  One  irrtlMUnrr(A»f]i««lwr(j  wu  mmiposmI 
lor  n*n  tU  tL-vt  lo  I»r1<bt. 


48 


BBLUO)  ZX 


wxTcsjrmsL 


Hid  3frv  HiBiprfcirr      It  vne  j^eo  l&dr  to  ptovv  a 

I)  bUwMJi  tfa  pidAc  sAmCiM  «r  Shod*  lilMa 
&B  riiliMirf  Ooagieas  $mA  GiaciJ  WvAiiaginu    In 
vU  oar  SUIff.  tbe  lluve  ahom  aoud  SftMw  wen 


Eb)  Pcrt  tmn^  tetamwd  to  fiig^'ad.  ImHii^  Gcacni 
Pn^tatt  in  co^Bttsd.  and  Uw  Uttrr  ha^it^  Iwrni  lapfffed 
in  ka  ^oartcn  1>T  the  *faiiU  p^*  of  OitoMl  WiUav  Bar- 
loa,  JaW  10.  1777.  Geanal  F^got,  «l»  was  arat  ftva  Nrv 
T«Kk.  nuv  oMBaadad  tfe  Brit«k  fivn»  on  KKnde  Island. 
IW  capCBR  of  Geaenl  Pr»ca«l  was  a  tnid  and  vcJl 
daviaud  nadoliAin^  ^id  iDTolrad  more  nnpnri«nT  oonsts 
ham  bnw  oanllT  WA  aaerilvd  to  it.  It  not  onir 
ftsib  pover  to  tbe  patrioiMB  of  tke  ralany  and 
albriHflr  naiaiiiiiB  tkno^boai  dw  emntn  .  T^n  ba«- 
d  Cbe  mva  cf  Gewsal  Lm,  far  vfccn  Graenl  rmcott 
to  the  cMidnenta)  srrricr.  Hoa  annoa* 
toflwd  kk  pnnile  sal  to  eqgaga  ajfun  ia  tnilitarv 
m  eridcnl  frcaa  U»  loner  to  WaAn^Cnn,  dated 
■90,  1777.inTU(AbeH0rs,tbMllK)«lfAlRS*«t«- 
^iwa  J*  nsdond  aa  aaajr,  wftatit4<'  and  |>lr«autl  a&  posM- 
iitfi)raaa«kokin«BT*act  aprtMMr/bo  tuts  "nnthnif 
Idl  to  aieh  far  laik  Ant  aaar  larpnmstanw  ma>  arbr  «  ikkh 
•maf  aalbt  it  convvaicaft  far  both  panics  tkat  a  fp»onl 
^  take  |4acv,  and  I  aa>oi^>4  ibr  nM  rni^  tW 
r-*  la  rr^,  Ja—ij  37,  Witi,  Wasiliinjitvn 
gtqy  ufwt  had  been  made  on  M»  past  to 
In  diK  tine  it  ««»  vffrvtrd,  and  Lrr 
^  in  in  their  nH|M>c«hv  MA%,  FW  tUa 
dni^  &«d  ri^rTat  pcnamted  CVImm^  HmIxmi  «M  a 
anand.  Tkm  G^koI  ^imwTih  in  rcco^ilitv  \4  ibr  arr- 
Tioe,  ««tod  ife  an  of  «I,1i(.i  to  the  t\doM>l  aihl  Kis  paitr. 
to  he  4HtrifaadBd  eqaaDjr  faetveca  oftren  and  #t4die4^».  upon 
the  hant  at  Ae«  par. 

On  the  «Ih  aT  April,  1776,  3ia>ar4>i>«n]  J«>M)^  Spen- 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES.  40 

cer,  with  a  brigiide  of  five  regiments,  arrived  in  Providence 
and  assumed  command  of  the  military  affairs  of  the  State. 
He  was  warmly  greeted,  and  great  hopes  were  entertained 
]>y  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  from  his  advent  among  them. 
The  General  at  once  saw  the  danger  to  which  the  State  was 
exposed,  and  the  day  succeeding  his  arrival  addressed  the 
following  letter  to  Governor  Cooke  in  relation  to  it : 

"  Pkovidexcs,  "th  April,  1777. 

"  Sir  : — Aa  I  think  tLis  part  or  tlic  country  Is  in  great  daiigLT  of  being 
noon  rftvaged  l>y  tiie  enemy,  (the  nrniy  licre  being  so  very  weali),  I  tliere- 
Tore  imagine  myself  bonnd  in  iluty  to  make  this  Airther  application  to  your 
State  for  Immedintc  succor. 

"  Tbe  Continental  troops  of  this  Slate  are  pobitivciy  ordered  to  the 
wcstwanl,  by  General  Waaliiugton ;  they  will  all  march  to-morrow,  except 
those  ordered  to  the  hospital,  to  take  the  small  pox.  The  whole  troops 
now  In  this  army,  by  the  returns,  docs  not  exceed  fourteen  hundred  men, 
and  they  arc  necessarily  very  ranch  scattered.  The  enemy  nt  Rhode 
liiliind  arc  without  doiiht  four  thousand  strong.  This  ts  conOrmed^fhlly 
by  the  Intelligence  we  hare.  It  would  be  too  troublesome  to  relate  the 
particular  evidence. 

"  The  report  In  a  late  Providence  paper,  that  the  enemy  at  Uliodc  Island 
amounted  to  but  twenty-two  hundred,  ought  never  to  have  had  any  credit 
given  to  It ;  and  it  never  had,  by  any  gentlemen  who  wore  f^lly  acquainted 
with  the  general  intelligence  ftom  Khodc  Island;  that  information  was 
given  by  one  Lawton,  who  came  off  from  the  Island,  who  has  since  been 
strongly  suspected  of  inimical  designs,  and  was  accordingly  confined; 
and  since  his  confinement  has  confessed  that  he  came  off  at  the  desire  of 
the  enemy. 

"By  the  late  accounts  we  Imvc,  the  enemy  have  determined  on  making 
a  descent  on  the  main  very  soon,  to  get  tVesh  provisions;  but  bow  that 
may  be  I  cannot  say.  But  it  Is  very  certain,  that  the  neglect  of  the  seve- 
ral States  to  keep  a  proper  army  up  in  these  parts,  to  prevent  their  excur- 
sions, Is  extremely  dangerous  to  the  country,  and  aflTords  a  very  great 
temptation  to  the  enemy  to  la;  some  parts  of  the  country  waste, 

•'  I  hope,  sir,  from  these  representations,  which  Your  Honor  may  depend 
npon,  your  State  will  send  with  the  utmost  dUpatch  some  assistance  to 
this  army.  "lam,  Ac, 


'  To  Governor  Cookb." 
7 


BHODB  ISLAKD  DT  THE  BBVOLITnOH. 


Before  the  mrrival  of  General  Sjwocer  in  Providence  it 
smiill  po!t  IjospituI  bad  W'cu  cstablisfaed  ni.  TtK-knoiton,  a 
localtcm  tbeu  tjuitv  remote  from  the  densely  (fopiilaled  part 
of  the  town ;  Imt  as  it  i;l»scd  aui  iniiiortant  pass  in  case  of 
the  enemy's  appronch  from  tbnt  quarter,  and  apprehending 
the  danger  of  ihe  diM.*a*e  I»ein';  cowiuiinieatcd  to  the  troops, 
the  General  requested  the  Town  Coumi)  tr>  remove  Ihe  hos- 
pital to  ^<lmo  plaeo  mort-  remote,  hy  tvhich  safety  to  the 
«nny  noiild  be  ensured.  The  Council,  in  compliance  with 
the  re<jup.st,  and  under  tbe  sanction  of  the  General  As^m- 
My,  made  urrangemeuts  nith  Jesse  I^nUiid,  of  North 
Pro\-idcnce,  ftir  the  use  of  hia  house,  at  that  lime  occupied 
hy  John  Jcnckes  Durfcy,  "they  paying  a  reasimalde  rent 
therefor."  l>urfey  was  to  be  remuneRited  for  tbe  damage 
he  might  suffer  hy  bU  sudden  rcmoral. 

It  was  natund  that  the  jwople  of  Rhotle  IslaDd,  having 
felt  so  keenly  the  rigors  of  war,  shuuM  des^ire  to  see  the 
enemy  driven,  at  an  early  day,  fnwi  New|iort.  The  CreneTtil 
AsMrmlily.  echoing  the  ciimmon  fcclin*;.  passed  a  re^ikitiou 
at  itri  March  session,  1777,  recommending  "lo  the  llonom- 
l>le  Major-General  8j>once-r  (if  It  be  any  way  consistent  with 
pnideucc)  to  make  an  attack  upon  the  enemy  at  Itbode 
Island." 

To  stimulate  the  enlistment  of  v(>lnnteci"s  for  this  puqKJ»e, 
a  farther  re»ohition  wn^  adopted  olTcrin^  a  reward,  to  lie 
eipnUly  divided  between  the  officei-s  and  ^ohliers,  "of  $1,000 
for  every  British  or  foiviijn  poneral  otlicer ;  $500  for  a  Col- 
onel ;  tl.'>0  for  a  hicntennnt-Colonel ;  ^HXI  for  a  ^tajo^ ;  $50 
for  ever}'  Captain  ;  $30  for  ever}"  suhaltcm  ;  and  #20  for  every 
private  taken  primmer  ami  b)\n)<*lii  ttlT  the  island  aa  afore- 
said, witbin  lifteen  days."  h  was  s.till  further  resolved,  that 
"  Uis  Honor  the  (iovemor  and  Genend  S|>encer  lie  rc4[ncsted 
to  write  lo  the  Hclcctnien  of  the  towns  of  Kehoboth,  Taun- 
ton, AttlclKirongh,  Wrt-'nlham,  Norton.  IWIin-rham.  Digb- 
ton,  Swanzey,  Freetown,  L>artmmith  and  MiddlelMiniugh* 
and  HKiucal  their  aid  and  assistanon  in  engaging  aa  many 


• 


OL'lt  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


51 


I'olunteers  wilhin  their  respective  towns,  for  the  purpose 
aforesaid,  a«  way  bu  procured ;  and  that  they  foi-m  tbeiu- 
sclvoR  into  eonipaiiictf,  appfiint  tht^rir  otticers,  and  inarcli  to 
the  town  of  Tiverton  on  or  before  the  12tli  of  Mareh  inst." 

It  wu£  ensy  enoii^  to  puss  resolutions  <tifiienlt  of  execu* 
tion,  and  qnitc  as  easy  to  critieiac  a  failure  to  aecoiuplish  a 
I'e^ult  that  had  not  l»een  carefully  considered  from  a  military 
standpoint.  And  this  nppoare  to  hjive  heen  the  case  with 
the  General  Assembly  and  the  people  at  Ifli*ge.  Kvidently 
neither  bad  wei^died  the  tbourmnd  iuipedimenl^  to  military 
aellon  which,  to  the  eupr-rlioial  eye,  ni"c  invisilile.  (ienenil 
Spencer  had  been  in  Providence  nearly  a  year*  the  enemy 
were  ravaging  the  island  and  the  adjacent  country,  and  it 
was  felt  that  a  movement  for  relief  ought  to  be  made. 

The  <le.sire  of  the  (ieneral  Assembly  for  an  attack  at  that 
lime  upon  the  enemy  did  not  find  sympathy  wjth  General 
Greene,  who  was  then  at  Morrislown.  General  Arnold. 
tJien  in  Providence,  communicated  the  votes  of  the  Assem- 
bly lo  (Jeneral  (Jreene  "as  a  curiosity."  He  evidently 
resented  them  as  a  reflection  upon  himself  and  General 
Spencer.  In  reply  Greene  says;  "  T  am  very  sure  their 
hearts  are  right,  and  their  zeal  warm,  but  T  fear  they  do  not 
pivo  themselves  time  to  deliberate  properly.  1  am  sure  the 
House  of  Assembly  never  tnetmi  the  resolutions  as  ii  reflec- 
tion upon  tlie  general  otHcers."     He  then  adds : 

"Th«  Rule  of  KIkxIv  Isluiiil  may  thluk  It  a  Brent  Tiiti>rorlnn«  that  the 
troops  on  Itliodc  Inlmiil  have  uot  tHi«u  uttackc-0 ;  btit  I  nin  Tur  rruin  ihliik- 
lii^  80,  ami  erer  dhall  h4>,  anletm  I  can  nr-^t  >>o  convlnccil  nf  the  cnrtalnty 
of  tbe  aticci'NH  of  liiu  atlAck.  I'vopic  lh»t  nT«  uiinc>'iiiainl«(l  wlrb  mllllar}' 
matlvra  im<l  tlir  forcv  of  illHciplinc,  lliliik  Uiat  numbers  are  sntltclcnt  lo 
Instrn- «(»'(*«•»;  fuur  l.htmiiaml  ironjiM,  wdl  [Mated,  with  a  good  Iralii  of 
artlllvrf,  tnnr  bid  dcOuiici;  to  ihnv  tUav9  Uielr  nuinbvr,  especially  whoa 
there  U  bi»  litllv  order  aud  mcihoil  and  tllsclplinc  ainouR  tb«  aMailaDta. 
I  wish  Oi-iioral  Spencvr  may  nut  liasarU  an  attick  uitli  aucb  iroupa  u 
you  d<-Arrlh<>;  It  Is  Lho  opinion  of  tlw  besl  nllUary  Jiiil^«  \vv  liavt-  In  llie 
nnny  that  thccliaiiM  oranauack  Uagaliutus.  It  Rt^oittlca  nothing  for  ii 
r«n  spirited  otflcerA  to  ruxh  upon  danger,  when  they  have  Utile  or  on  hope 
of  bvlnji  well  Huppiffte^l.     Spirit  la  caaenttal  In  au  officer,  but  prndeitce  U 


52 


KlIODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLUTION. 


more  ao.  Ifyou  make  ilic  «tuek,  God  grant  yoo  siiccww!  but  I  liopp 
Gviicral  SpcnciT  will  bavc  mnrfi  pnulencc  Uian  to  ran  any  Dnnccessar}' 
risk  to  gmiliy  popular  clamor." 

Tlio  General,  lH)wever,  in  deference  to  the  Assembly, 
comtiienced  at  once  pivpiii-atioiia  for  tUe  campoiga.  To 
ciirry  out  tlic  jilnn  one-hBlt"  of  the  niilitia  of  Khodo  Island 
were  i-nltcd  into  scnkc,  while  Massm-husetts  and  X'ounefti- 
cut  were  to  funii&li  lUx-ial  c|U()las  ut"  men.  Troops  to  the 
number  of  nine  thoiiAnnd  or  more  were  grMdiuilly  gathered 
Ht  Tiveiinn,  hut  so  ninny  oKstaclcH  had  tn  l>e  overoome  that  it 
HUB  nearly  the  middle  uf  Oetober  hefom  ull  the  Hrniiigeniunt.- 
for  &  forward  movement  were  completed.  Major  Natimn 
Munro  b«d  colloeted  ii  large  mimder  of  Injate  at  and  near 
Foglaild  Ferry,  to  emivey  the  troops  ueruss  llie  l-^isl  I'ae- 
siigi-  to  the  island;  hut  on  the  night  dowgnalod  for  the 
eiubar  kilt  ion  a  severe  storm  arose,  which  continued  several 
days,  ami  emised  delay.  A  second  and  third  time  was  des- 
ignnted  for  the  attompl,  Imt  strong  adverse  winds  and  other 
causes  interposed  (among  them  discovery  by  the  enemy) 
ant!  led  to  fiu-tlier  delays.  "These  delays  disaffected  the 
troops  and  many  withdrew.  Scarcely  five  thousand  could 
be  mustered  on  the  last  night  a$>:igned  for  the  enilmrtcation. 
A  council  of  officers  decided  that  it  was  tneicpedient  to 
mnlto  the  attempt,  and  the  expedition  was  abandoned." 
The  high  hopes  of  the  public  were  thus  htuddenly  brnuglit 
low.  Disap]H>inted  feeling  found  vent  in  severe  criticism  of 
Genend  Spencer  for  incflicieney.  and  the  iK>pular  setitimeut 
of  the  hour  was  set  forth  in  the  fVillowiiig  pasipiinado  : 

'*  Israel  waulvil  br«tu1 

The  Lord  ^eiu  tlivni  inntinn: 
Bboilb  iHlmiil  nuiiUt  a  lii-nil, 

And  Congress  sends  a  granny." 

At  tilia  time  the  home  public  in  Enghmd  a]>pear  to  hold 
no  higher  opinion  of  their  (Jcnerals  in  America,  as  the  fol- 
lowing satire  publishcil  in  a  London  paper  of  Decenil>er  2. 
1777,  shows : 


OUR  FREXCH  ALLIES. 


53 


"ON   THE   DRITISH   COMMAXDBHS. 

"  Gage  nothing  did  and  went  to  pot; 
7/wrc  lost  one  town,  anotlier  got ; 
Gvij  nothing  lost,  and  nothing  won ; 
Danmare  was  homeward  Torc'd  to  nin; 
CliutoH  was  beat  and  got  a  garter; 
Ami  bouncing  Barijuyn^.  catch'd  a  Tartar; 
Thus  all  we've  got  for  millions  spent, 
Is  to  be  liiiigh'd  at,  and  repeut."* 

General  Spencer  keenlj'  felt  tlie  odium  resting  upon  him, 
and  demanded  a  Court  of  Inquiry,  which  was  granted. 
After  a  full  hearing  he  was  acquitted  of  blame. 

"There  WAS  alWAjs  a  mvstery  about  this  expedition.  Althongli  Con- 
grc«s  autliorized  Rhode  Island  to  get  it  up,  and  requested  Massachusetts 
und  Connecticut  to  assist,  It  has  been  said  that  neither  Congress  or 
Washington  ever  had  any  expectation  of  expelling  the  enemy  from  the 
Island  at  this  time.  The  main  object  was  to  prevent  the  enemy  from 
making  any  diversion  in  favor  of  General  Burgoyne.  The  British  had 
a  large  army  ut  Newport,  and  could  have  spared  and  sent  several 
thousand  to  some  point  which  would  have  diminished  the  opposition  to 
bis  march  through  tiie  country.  But  the  assembling  of  such  an  army 
as  the  expeditioD  called  out,  conflned  them  to  their  quarters  in  Newport, 


■About  tlw  s«tne  lime  tlic  rollowlnfti  in  a  RlniUar  vcId,  ftppearrd  in  ttic  Ijondon  Adver- 
tl»rr,  h«iHled: 

"  I'l.AV-BlI.I.  KxTnAonillXAHT." 

"  In  tlie  cohdh'  of  tlii«  Bumiiier  will  be  ptTfomieii  a  new  Tragic  Farce,  called 

"AI,[,  Foil   l-OWKK. 

"(Ill 

"AMKUIIA   U)ST. 


"{'■plain  Atall, 
'■  llully,       . 
"  lludget, 
"Poslilvc,   . 
"Cautloua. 
"  r<trady,     - 
"  KIrni, 
".(.'iiptlve,   - 


Hr.  Minden. 

J[r.  Twitcher. 

Mr.  Itorcu  (North). 

Mr.  KlDK  (Urorge  III). 

Mr.  <')-Iloire. 

Rlr.  WonhlnKton. 

Mr.Katei. 

Mr.  I.M. 


"Out.ltldern,  [>r.  Krankltn  and  3Ir.  I)eane. 

"Chlpf  Mournen,  8,000,000  Spectators. 

'  Knight*  or  the  Ilalh,  Knights  of  the  I'dst,  (Pfllccre,  Uuardi  and  Attendant*. 

■■.SM-ne— Kngliind,  Scotland,  Iralaud  and  America." 


lODE  ISL> 


rHBRKVOLtTiO!*. 


mid  ir  such  tKW  lh«  object,  nmeml  Sprncer  wnn  prrciM^ly  the  mnn  lo  tnkc 
tlw  commnnd  of  Lbc  Amertcan  Ifoopi*,  and  tlicrc  Mwins  some  ground  Tor 
sQcli  &  !tupi>nsUlt>D,  for  aa  aoou  km  It  wHa  k»o«vn  thil  Biir^yne  btd  cur- 
t«mtcreil  Ma  army  (Oclolicr  17,  1777,)  to  0«itera|  Gstc«,  th«  militU  were 
M  (lUtnisMHl  nml  will  liome.  It  h  Iroc  ttio  Qvuonil  Assvuilfly  appniiitvil 
a  cuniTiiUtee  to  liK|ulre  Inlo  lljo  cau»eti  of  Genornl  Sp(.-ncer')i  nillare,  »uil 
Slfixsnctit) setts  itntl  Crinm-cUfiil  wen:  iavllcit  lo  wud  (kli-^tcs  to  bo  pr^ 
svni  nt  lbc  inwUng  uf  tbis  cnmtiillLv«,  wlilcli  was  held  nl  Pnivldcnce. 
And  (liv  commitlcf  dkl  men  and  Iiwird  (Jcncnil  Sprnc^T  nnd  all  [utriltA 
and  ac<i(illtc(l  him.  But  this  cartjr  triiil  and  actiuittiil  have  b««D  by  mooh* 
Coilfti(lcn.'d  as  ftirlhcrr  evidence  of  Ihe  rrtil  olijtct  of  the  expedition,  Be 
lht«  u>  It  ini;ibt,  however,  tlw  tmrrpader  of  RiirjtwyiieV  whole  iiniiy.  made 
eTery  one  tovl  90  hiippy,  that  tliey  cared  bwt  little  for  General  Spencer  or 
Ilia  expedition.  •  •  •  •  -  fpon  all  llie  fiwts  and  cir 
cnuiKiAnccH  oiiinecicd  with  Spencer's  expedition  wc  arc  at «  loes  to  decide 
whether  It  waa  a  r*'ti  riilhirc,  or  not.  niMl  ao  wi-  leave  It."* 

The  solution  of  this  mystcrr  is  h  work  for  ihe  fiitnre  his- 
torian. 

Grnoral  ,Spcnrpr  was  Iwim  in  Knst  Iliiddtim,  C'ouu.,  in 
1714.  and  dietl  in  his  n»tive  town,  Jiiniiary  111,  178'J.  He 
held  the  otHi-p  of  Jud;rc  of  I'rulalu  in  17oH,  iindin  1758 
joined  the  northern  amiy  as  Major  umler  Colonel  Whiting. 
Ill  1775  iic  was  Appointed  Urifradicr-General  in  the  Conti- 
nenlfll  army,  and  suhseqnenlly  was  eonimisHioned  by  Con- 
gvess  a  Major-<ifiieni1.  He  resijrned  his  commission  Dcccm- 
Iwr  21,  1777.  Tlioiigli  the  fiiiluro  of  the  campaij^  he 
condtu-ted  in  Rhode  Island  cast  a  shndoiv  npon  his  military 
repntation,  he  wa:>  deemed  a  hrnve,  palrlotie  and  capahle 
officer. 


■'•f>virii«r*nt,''pi>  iu.i<(t. 


PART    III. 


LOOKING  FOR  A  SUCCESSOR. 

A  DARK  PERIOD.— LIGHT  BREAKS  IN.— (lENERAL  SULLIVAN 
SUCCEEDS  GENERAL  SPENCEK.— FRENCH  ALLIANCE.— BRIT- 
ISH VIOLATION  OF  RULES  OF  WAR.— LETTER  TO  GENERAL 
PIGOT.— GENERALS  GREENE  AND  LAFAYETTE  JOIN  SULLI- 
VAN.—THE  SECOND  CAMPAIGN  ON  RHODE   ISLAND. 

HEN  General  Spencer  closed  hia  military  rela- 
tions with  Rhode  Island,  the  queetiion  arose,  who 
should  be  his  successor.  The  eyes  of  many  were  turned 
towards  General  Nathanael  Greene.  In  the  opinion  of  Wil- 
liam Ellery,  the  patriotic  delegate  in  Congress  from  Newjwrt, 
be  was  the  man.  "Mr.  Ellery,"  writes  the  General,  "pro- 
posed to  me  to  take  the  command  there,*  provided  it  was 
agreeable  to  His  Excellency  ;  but  ho  is  totally  averse  to  the 
measure."  Mr.  Ellery  was  right.  General  Greene  was 
unquestionably  the  man  for  the  place.  His  knowledge  of 
the  jwints  of  defence  in  the  State  that  needed  strengthening, 
hia  perfect  understanding  of  the  temperament  of  the  people, 
and  of  the  best  methods  of  utilizing  that  knowledge,  his 
personal  magnetism,  and  his  extraordinai-y  executive  ability 
gave  him  an  advantage,  as  a  leader,  over  almost  any  other 
general  officer  who  could  be  named.  Itut  he  could  not  be 
spared  from  the  field  of  duty  in  which,  at  the  moment,  he 

•  KliQd«  ItUod. 


I'  ttn  *riii;y.  >  ►■;  :   lijI  r-.  ij^  f  v-e-f  'i^T  iiii  r^-s'^-I  ."*.'-  iJ.'ZL  i» 

.f.r.  ■_'ii.'_i:irt-  *-.  ,1^  ■.-1.  ■KJTli.r^":  r-l--^-?.  :':t  "r.-;  »:i.":  ■::*  ■■■i.i.l: 
*ii*  ■?  r;;!."-:*!*—  II '^fi,T    ■t  "T^>:-i  ■  V  :L^  ■■"->.»i  ^;ni  liirir  rV--i. 

.v.r  L'v-.";^*':ii*r  rri-r'j.-':-  I'l  :■:■  'iLLr  '.^mi-  :tr  (^■■.■7.:Vi-:n:>>n 
la.:  '■,•**•_  i.r_:''/  'i-e  ■iLr:.'^*  ■.:*  in:'>t-i:-n:  jir^!^  "::iirfira. 
TiA  >.  :i*!-  :-.*i-  L:  :.  f.r  :1-.  ::.:~t  iat:.  ^'k<z.  ira-«-  :-:oibe 
l'j>-'v<--  -.:  Or-.-it  Iir!:A^,     F.rrijr::  ir.-vemiij^ r.t'?.  i>:""OTer 

j-f-.-'^jvi  :y.  i: :.  Tl-.-  r\--.-'.;r.^?  ^:":lc  v,;-,;:^  tv-;>-::-v:v'  weiv 
27-s-:!v  'iJ:^;:.--!-;.  :>  fzLii-.-es  wt-r-e  :a  a  wrvt^iei  *:*:•?.  the 
■>-:.'r*»."if.>,'.  '.f  i-ij-rr  n;  T.^■y  fr.'Ci  j«r  iv  a  rsie  a:  »h:vh  one 
•Tj-V-Iti-  B-lI-'ri  i.'.lir  ■»i- tr-iiirii  to  fv'ur  or  dvv  h*.jB-ire>l  of 
'■fyt.'.':zj::A».l  '.::rT*:z.-y,  eii'oirnrr'i  iho  v\>>i  oi"  livii'^.  while 
If^-jtilv*  air^rL-,::-;  t..<  -iT'iDf-f!.  'r-'>vijt  r'/--**.  the  avxvpxano* 
*/f  'i':f/rt*:iat«r'i  [mfj-er  when  pn-ttTon^l  in  [viyiuent  i^t'  debt* 
;fr^*t!y  'li-tFir^-i  tht:  hartnony  ot  the  t.'vtniQiiiuiiy. 

'flt*;!^:  wa.-  a  C"jn-*iant  i.ie|irv«.iiitioii  of  the  tvniinentjil  eiir- 
r>-it'-y.  ^i  that  in  Kt'ipciry.  17>>1.  one  silver  vlollar  naii  e<^u»t 
to  ^T-.-^rn  thopi-ari-I  tivo  huiitlreJ  tlolhirs  in  |\ijvr.  A>  momen- 
Xtf.  of  th";  revolntiunnn-  period  two  f:u-^imite  >iHHiiuen*  of 
tyjl'ftiial  uiid  Lontinental  t-iirrem-y  :ire  given  on  s^K^■oedinJr 

Til':  depreciation  was  so  nipid  that  an  article  of  mer\-han- 
di-fc  -old  one  day.  at  an  advaneo  \\\>o\\  its  cost,  oould  not  l>e 
n;pUrnijrheil  for  tlie  price  received  on  the  next.  When  the 
(Jfrnerdl  A»:>t*ni!tly  pujjsed  a  (K'nal  law,  Milyeotinsr  a  cptxlitor 
to  a  tine  of  one  hnndn'd  ponnds  if  he  refused  to  lake  |niper 
money  at  par  in  pjiynient  of  indebtedness,  the  shopkee|M?r!« 
in  rrovidcnce  closed  their  do<>»"s.     The  market  house  was 


OUR   FRENCH  ALLIES. 


57 


diso  ^htit  up.  The  farmers  1>rotight  id  nothing  to  soil. 
PttjKtr  money  would  not  purrha^  n  dinner.  I'copic  dod«red 
out  of  llie  wny  irben  a  dcKtor  Appeared  in  sight,  for  fear  of 
a  tender  of  pii|wr  to  eaneel  the  debt.* 

Under  this  Iiiwniany  cnsosof  nnnoyinglili^tion  occurred. 
One  in  Pi-ovidence  was  of  a  somcwhut  amusing,  yet  provok- 
ing', chanicter.  A  shopkcei^r  hiivin;;  i^old  u  juck-knifc  for 
twenty -tive  cents  refiisfd  lo  receive  a  paper  l)ill   of  thai 


r^ 


'o 


>i'W^'i  s^(gwl?^;fn 


No.  QJ^// 


Five  ^i^^'««. 

<7rH/.9  3,U>»t,hn  Ji'f 
^  Beo-'tr  urfu>^-rY\7i 
SriKiftf  mill! o  OoL- 
lAKSt  or  the  FaJut  ihere- 

»/  M   OoLD  or  SiLTtk 

aeffrjinjf  te  a  Rj'JiSuthn 
of  CONORJ-SS,    pm^9i'i 


nvE  noLT 


'/O'^^u/y 


m'-M 


'i& 


denomination,  nt  par,  in  ])Hynient.  Comphiint  w.is  entered 
^cgilnst  him,  and  tlie  tiial  bade  fair  to  occupy  ueveral  Jay*, 
the  court  adjourning  frniu  dtiy  to  dny  withuut  re»ching  a 
decision.  Abie  counsel  was  employed  on  holh  sides.  On 
the  one  ^ide  it  was  contended  that  tlio  bw  \\\\s  uncouslitu- 
tiouul,  and  llicreforc  void.  On  the  oilier  it  wils  argued  that 
the  power  of  the  Oenfiral  Assenihly  was  unlimited  liythc 
charter  or  any  dechuiitiou   of  ri*rlit8  estal>lishe<l   here,  and 


'  Ufr  or  Uawluiul.  p.  101. 


if 


i,Ti"'T  ""•■.■,,*3T  Ty  7T.T  7J^;'.m-;y 


•  mijl"  Mii'ii!!  "  n  I'f'i;"  I'f  v't.-  sf!::  ''p,  :i;t:  :ii..i:  ii.r  "■»-; 
(iMM'i.  II1M  :H't-'  'fTi*;  II-  ■M.-f  ■!  :::  >  ■•■i;--  i  vi;r  ii  :;:•? 
tuiiimii'-'    ■'"iirF-i"  'i-.ivii.ji]      '  7';  !-    ■*:ii-':    N    n:  ijiinif"! 

v'ilrt'iii     ill  ■  '"|i^     til'"  <f!ii'*;      ii'i!    '  lij-tfi"^;';.       %■■    r'n*"":!!?!: 

■iM»tii<i    "    'ni-^ii'    'II'   n-M-vn  i  II  v'l;-  ii:!':''.  liji;   "I'l.-r  mh:'?*: 


■Ht*t  -i.ta3a?'';-   — ^ZTMlT^i 


■-   -.^rNK?  '^'   -*    »•■-■  T'-^ 


*•>.:*.  '-'-^., 


♦^     —i-f.  Tij--    SfM      -  .    i  "*:*■ 


^ 


t»«TT. 

fct?-   A"    U'.V    ^.'■^.•.-■"■'     kLJ"l'     'lf-«        !!       ll.L       •-■Mi'iV   il     .      1  -       ■     f; 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


59 


Geiicnil  Sponccr,  bringing  tbe  ivi^U-eanied  rcpuUitioi)  of  a 
skiirtil,  energetic  officer.  lie  was  not  unknown  to  the  citi- 
zens of  Vrovidpncc,  having  been  m-iiI  tbvre  with  liiei  bri- 
gade iiuiiic(niit.L>ly  aiStn'  ibe  cviu-niiiion  of  Kostoii  in  17Tt), 
to  protect  RboUe  Isbmd  from  upprebendeil  attai-k.  The 
Council  of  War  iit  once  invested  him  with  the  supreuie  com- 
ninrid  of  the  State,  and  he  enteral  without  delay  upon  his 
military  dutii-a.  Tho  pluiibiirc  created  by  his  presence  was 
inten^itied  by  the  almost  ^imnltnnoous  announcement  that 
France  tuid  entered  into  an  altiancc,  offensive  nnd  defensive, 
uith  tlie  confederate  Stales,  and  liad  thus  placci)  them,  for  tho 
first  time,  before  nil  Europe  as  nn  acknowledged  independ- 
ent  nation.  This  vital  act  has  never  received  tlie  meed  of 
praise  it  deserved,  it  gave  stronglli  to  the  young  republic, 
nnd  made  easier  negotiations  abroad  for  militjiry  supplies 
and  pecuniary  loans. 

The  timiiUty  that  had  hitherto  restrained  the  action  of 
IjOuIs  XVI.  gave  place  to  the  warm  syuipalliy  of  a  gener- 
ous nlly.  The  ro*fult  was  that  a  fleet  of  sixteen  muI,  bring- 
ing II  land  force  of  four  thousand  men,  was  sotit  to  aid  tho 
new-born  nation. 

The  news  of  the  alliance  was  received  throughout  the 
country  with  demonstrations  of  joy.  At  the  headquarters 
of  Genernl  Vuhliington  it  was  celebrated  with  a  thanksgiv- 
ing sennon,  a  review  of  the  troops,  u  national  salute  of 
thirteen  cannon,  and  a  feu-da-joie  of  musketry,  followed  by 
an  elcgunt  ilinneri  to  which,  according  to  l)c  Kalh,  ofliccrs 
and  Ihcir  wives,  together  with  the  most  distinguished  per- 
sons in  Iho  neighborhood,  tiut  down.  "Here  \Vaj*hington, 
with  Greene  and  L«faye1t«  and  Stirling,  was  already  in 
waiting,  Lafayette  conspieuous  by  his  white  scjirt"."  A[i*s. 
Washington,  Mrs.  Greene  and  I^ady  Stirling  anil  her  daugh- 
ter, Miss  Kitty,  were  also  present.  In  I*ruvidence  the  intelli- 
gonee  wjlh  received  with  no  less  exultation.  Fi-om  the  Fox 
Point  buttery  and  the  frigate  I'rovidence  a  salute  was  tired, 
which  at  suri'Hct  was  rejieaicd  by  tho  artillery  company  and 
the  troops  iiuurtcrod  lu  the  to^vn. 


60 


BHODB  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLLTIOX. 


The  British  ivcre  still  in  Xewport,  auil  from  time  to  time 
were  rHiiliii>;  upon  the  tslunii?;  in  tlie  Imy  uiid  aUu  npou  ibe 
niiiin  liiiiii.  TIh'v  set  fire  to  the  town  of  Wiinvii,  liiinietl 
the  Baptist  meeting-house,  ijillttgoil  the  houses,  carrieil  auay 
many  iiniiniiei)  poi-sonK  !im  pristmeiti,  l)e«3<lei4  il<rin<f  other 
acl«  not  wiirranted  by  the  niles  of  war.  Bristol  was  aiisailed 
in  like  maniuT.  Eighteen  dwellin;;)*  and  the  Kpiscopal 
church  wore  hurnt,  the  inhahiljint-s  W4TC  plunderot),  iind 
about  forty  pci-sons  were  made  prisoners.  The  town  wns 
saved  fix>ni  uller  destruction  liy  tlif  timely  arrival  of  Colo- 
nel Biirtnn  from  Pi-ovideiiee,  with  iiliout  twenty  imHUited 
men  and  a  nuii]l>er  of  voItiute«r»  gathered  on  the  way.  Id  a 
^kirnmh  with  the  enemy  he  received  s  severe  wound  in  the 
leg. 

These  wanton  depvedations  excited  the  indignation  of 
General  Sullivan,  and  June  4th  he  addressed  to  General 
Pigot  a  letter  of  sharp  rebuke.     In  that  letter  he  says : 

"  Tho  repented  appllcutlonB  of  tlic  illstresFcd   nimiliirf;  of  perw»i8  cap»j 
turcil  tiy  5oiir  tmnpt^  on  tho  2oLh  ultimo  Iiuliicc  me  to  write  you  upoD  llM 
BQl^^'Ct,  olh  Uivte  mi-n  trcre  uot  In  actuul  service  or  fonnd  in  Ann.i.     I  can- 
not coiio^lvc  what  ucrc  tljc  motives  fur  LiikiuK  ttiem,  or  gu(»:i  Lhf  terms 
upon  u'hlvh  lliHr  rcloagte  miiy  lir  nbtiliiiml. 

*■  lliul  the  war  on  tlio  part  of  llrluihi  lioeii  Toiiudeil  111  Justice;  and  yoiir 
troops  In  their  excuraloiin.  complci^tl  ihi;  destrinrlloii  of  ih";  hiMit>*  ami 
our  toilltnry  pruparations  In  ttiiU  i4iiHrli.-r,  without  ^vinilonly  iJc^lroyln^ 
ije(^ncble§8  tuiTus.  iHiraIn;;  liou^cs  voiisccrHlvd  to  the-  Di'Uy,  pluiiLl^irliig 
mill  AtuHlri^j  liHii>(;ent  hihaljiLutitH.  mid  ^\ragg^lit:,  ft-om  llifU*  pcnofriil  habl- 
tdllonfl,  inmriTicil  and  unoltcnillnj;  nion, —  snch  tm  cxp^dllloii  mi^ht  hitre 
shone  with  fp\cUiicT :  11  Ift  HOW  darkened  with  sarage  crndty,  anil  stiklucd 
with  Indelible  dixyrace." 

The  General  also  intimated  that  while  the  law  of  retalia- 
tion had  not  as  yet  been  exercise<l  by  the  Aniericuns,  human- 
ity having  marked  the  Itne  of  their  conduct  thus  far,  yet 
perhnp?t  tit  some  future  tiine  when  exaspemted  by  accunni- 
hitcd  injuries,  mesisiircs  luight  lie  adopted  that  would  "con- 
vince the  British  that  thev  have  mistjiken  the  motives  of 


■  ij^vaatf  ttKt  IxiMla,  llw  gall*;  W»aliiaKt«a  Mid  a  griit  aalll  wmv  bururd. 


Americnii  clvniuufy,  nnd  trilled  too  long  nith  undoserved 
lunily."  He  iiddn,  in  closing,  "I  should  not  linvc  written  you 
BO  [inrticniarl.v  u|K)n  the  subject  had  J  not  ol»*oi-ve<l  in  the 
*XcwjM»rt  Gnxelte*  Lbtit  Ibc  conduct  of  your  troops  cuiployed 
in  the  late  ex|icditioii  had  rccL>i\-cd  your  Approbation  nnd 
wamioat  ibaoks." 

Ik'side^  sutl'iu-ings  caused  by  mida  like  those  ubove  meu- 
tioncd,  many  persons  and  families,  dnvcn  fi-om  the  island, 
were  thrown  into  circunie>tanc-e«  of  jfrcat  distress,  thy  char- 
Qclor  of  whidi  niiiy  be  seen  in  the  following  appeal,  printed 
in  the  Providence  Gazette; 

"  The  cliftritablc  and  ncll  dlnpoaed  penaus  In  DiIa  aod  the  nelgbhorlug 
6Ul«>iirr  r»*<[tii-»tril  torkUnil  tlivlrdnimtlon)!  unto  the  powr  and  dlstrpsiicd 
people  who  were  Inlvty  InltuliltariU  of  ttie  Iitliind  t>f  Khode  Islnntt.  Mrtt 
Slid  witiuon  iKiH'cd  down  nlih  otfc  iind  liiflruiiUv«,  lidpWs  clilldrcn  nod 
vvnotm  ivUli  Ieu'ijl'  niitiUtvs,  Imvc  Inldy  tiuvu  drlvvn  from  Uivii'  oucv  pvacv 
ta\  linbltailono.  nnd  turned  Into  tlie  widfl  world,  denlltute  of  every  mcaiia 
to  support  thein»eJvei«,  by  the  cnitl  nnd  nipaclons  Britons  AtMt  ilieir  iuer< 
ccDsrles,  who  hare  strlppw!  tlicm  of  the  smaJl  pUtanco  llM-y  were  outfe 
poftWAMd  of.  aiid  Iffl  ttKin  1<>  dcjiftid  viitirrl;  tijion  tlie  ctinrlty  of  tlie 
good  pcnplr.  Tlieir  dii>tre?>s<?a  loudly  call  upon  the  hmnuiltjr  of  ttioM 
whose  BlUuent  circiiuivlaiicee  wl]l  ndmlt,  and  tlieir  souls  dk'iat«- to  ihatn, 
to  relievo  tlie  oeccssilles  of  Ifausa  wtio  arc  almuttl  ready  Lu  purlsli.' 

To  this  iippeal  libetHl  respou^e^  were  made  by  the  i:itizeua 
of  Providence  and  of  (be  neigliliorio;;  towns. 

Of  bis  militflrj-  needs.  General  Sullivan  thus  writes  to 
Congress : 

"As  tlic  unmiMtr  of  Iniopit  df^ntltml  for  this  drpArUncnt  wUI  be  m>  bud- 
eqiiite  to  defftnd  II  ngnlnRt  s  Audden  altAck,  1  think  that  the  two  State 
gallcyit,  if  irropcTly  diu-d,  would  bo  of  ereiu  advRHUiiEe.  I  imw  applied 
lo  the  Coanel)  ut  Wnr  upon  tlie  nubjc-ct.  who  aci'in  rather  InrJlned  to  dlii- 
poA*>  of  llwni  trt  iho  cnotineiit,  rhaii  to  Bt  and  man  Uitfiij  for  wrvloe.  J 
beK  lean.-,  Ibcreforc,  lo  subiiiil  Co  rongreaa  witctbcr  it  would  uot  bv  tttr 
the  upkkI  ijf  tbu  vervke  to  ptirrhiu<e  Ihem  for  ^fuarvllnx  tlHMte  |iliic«i  which 
arc  most  exponed,  parti culnrly  tite  rii'ent  of  Tnuntoii  niid  Warrni.  I  oJaq 
bcK  CoagrvM  to  order  tii-neral  Stnrk,  who  has  returned  to  New  Ilamp- 
aldre  ttotu  Albany,  to  uie  at  this  pl.-u^,  as  I  shall  uced  two  briKidlers  wbea 
Uie  troopH  arrive:- ntiil  tlie  more  so,  as  lite  extent  of  country  to  j^uard  will 
be  so  j;reat.  Shonld  CongresH  think  that,  after  the  troops  arrive  here,  aa 
atteiup'c  upon  the  lalaiiJ,  with  them  and  some  iDlliUa  and  v-olaateers  cAllesI 


62  KHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

iH,  woutil  be  {trncticiittlti,  I  slmll  be  exceeding  happy  lu  executing  any  order 
they  will  please  to  give. 

In  c.xpectiition  that  the  enemy  wouhl  make  an  attempt 
upon  the  town,  Gencnil  Sullivan  ordered  necessary  defences 
lo  be  prepared,  and  the  people  were  soon  busily  at  work  on 
forts  and  redoubts. 

Boats  were  ordered  to  constantly  patrol  near  the  shore  to 
prevent  surprise.  The  Tiverton  boat  cruised  at  Fogland 
Point  and  Common-fence  Point ;  the  Bristol  boat  between 
Common-fence  Point  and  Poppasquash  Point ;  the  Warren 
boat  between  Pcjppasquash  Point  and  the  north  shore  at  the 
entrance  of  AVarren  river ;  Providence  l>oats  down  to  Paw- 
tnxet ;  Pawtuxet  boat  down  to  Warwick  Neck ;  Warwick 
boat  down  below  Greenwich.  Sentinels  covered  the  whole 
shore  from  Point  Judith  to  Kast  Greenwich.  A  p^uard  boat 
was  kept  out  at  Slade's  ferry  and  another  at  Fall  Kiver. 

A  SECOND  CAMPAIGN. 

After  mature  delibenition  it  wjis  determined  to  make  ii 
second  campaign  on  Rhmle  Island.  In  this  campaign  Gen- 
eral Greene  was  de('i)ly  interested,  and  he  was  a  prominent 
advisor.  AVriting  to  Genend  Sullivan,  he  says  :  ''1  wish  yon 
success  with  all  my  sotiI,and  intend,  if  possible,  to  come  home 
to  put  things  in  a  pi"opcr  train  in  my  department,*  and  to  Uike 
a  command  of  a  part  of  the  ti-oojis  under  you.  ]  wish  most 
ardently  to  be  with  you."  To  his  Deputy  (iuartei-master- 
■General  in  Rhode  Island,  JIajor  Ephraim  Bowen,  he  writes, 
'Urging  prompt  co-openition : 

"There  is  nn  expedition  going  on  agnliist  Newport.  The  forces  that 
will  be  collected  for  this  purpose  will  be  cou»tldernl>le.  Great  exertions, 
therefore,  will  he  necessary  in  onr  dopartinent.  You  must  get  the  most 
iictive  mt'u  to  assist  yon  that  you  posfiibly  can. 

"A  great  luunbcr  of  teams  and  boats  will  be  wanted  upon  the  occasion. 
I'ray  do  nut  tut  the  expedition  suffer  for  want  of  any  ttiliig  in  onr  line.  If 
tents  are  liliely  to  be  wauted,  get  all  that  Mr.  Chace,  Mr.  Andrews  and 

*  lie  wat  then  t^narlcmituler-Genenl  of  (he  contf  Dental  annv. 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  63 

Mr.  Grcciio  Iiave.    1  think  you  had  better  write  tliem  to  send  yon  all  lliey 
have  on  liiiiul. 

"  I  am  In  hopes  to  come  and  assht  yon  myself  and  Join  the  expedition; 
bat  am  alViikl  I  e.inuot  obtain  the  General's  consent." 

IVfuch  to  liis  gratification,  Gencnil  Greene's  wish  to  join 
General  Sullivan  was  granted.  He  set  out  from  camp  July 
28tli,  and  July  31st,  after  three  days'  hard  ride,  reached 
Coventry,  where,  after  an  ahscucc  of  nearly  three  years,  he 
was  warmly  welcomed  by  his  famiU',  friends  and  neigIiboi"s. 
The  next  day  he  i)roecedo<l  to  Providence,  and  August  4th 
wrote  to  Colonel  M'adsworth,  "I  am  here,  busy  as  a  bee  in 
a  tar-barrel,  to  speak  in  a  sailor's  stylo."  Before  leaving  to 
join  the  Khode  Island  expedition,  he  took  the  precaution  to 
engiige  and  send  ou  forty  shiivearpenters  and  boat-bnildcrs 
"to  put  things  in  reiuliness  in  the  water  department,"  with 
"  a  most  excellent  fellow  at  the  head  of  them,  JIajor  Eyres." 

Another  general  officer  no  less  interested  in  the  campaign 
than  General  Greene,  and  eijually  anxious  to  serve  in  it,  was 
Lafayette,  whose  delight,  when  sent  forward  with  a  command 
by  ^Vashington,  was  unbounded.  In  the  exuHerance  of  his 
feelings  he  wrote  to  General  Sullivan  : 

••  Nothing  can  give  me  greater  pleasure  thnii  to  go  under  your  orders; 
and  It  Is  with  the  greatest  hiipplni-ss  tlisit  I  sec  my  wishes,  on  that  point, 
entirely  satlslled.  I  both  love  and  esteem  yon ;  therefore  the  moment  we 
shall  liitht  tnsethcr  ntll  be  extremely  pheasant  and  agreeable  to  me.  Col- 
onel Lunrciis  will  explain  to  yon  the  nnniber  of  troops  I  take  with  me. 
The  Connt  IVEstuinjr,  a  relutloii  and  friend  of  mine,  has  offered  me  the 
yrcnch  troops  he  has  on  board ;  so  that,  in  addition  to  your  forces,  we 
shall  add  a  pretty  good  rei'uforccment.  Had  General  Gates  or  any  other 
gone  there,  I  had  alrcidy  expressed  that  I  did  not  choose  to  go;  1)nt  I 
c-onfesK  I  feel  the  greatest  happiness  to  cooperate  with  you  to  onr  glory 
ami  the  common  advantage.  For  God's  sake,  my  dear  friend,  don't  l)cglu 
any  thing  before  we  arrive. 

"  With  the  most  sincere  affection  and  regard,  I  have  the  honor  to  he 
your  most  obedient  servant. 

'■  P.  S.     Laurens  is  just  going,  and  I  have  not  time  to  add  more." 

The  ardor  and  energy  he  di.splayed  during  the  campaign 
justified  the  highest  expectations  the  General  may  have 
entertained  of  the  value  of  the  services  of  his  young  friend. 


1 

i 
I 

f  €4  EUODE  15LAXD   tX   THr   KEVOLCTIOS. 

!  iV-priratory  to  a  forwanl  movement.  Major  Silas  Talbot 

►  »a-  -t-nt  to  Tiverton,  where  the  troops  were  to  assemble,  to 

;  •!ii[*'-rir»t*rn'i  ill*;  hiiiliJing  of  eighty-six  tlat  Itoals  osipable  of 

I  r-amin^  one  hiiu'Ire*!  person-  each,  to  I>e  used  for  ferrjing 

■  tlif-  (irruy  over  to  the  i-lan<l.     This  work  he  ueeomplished  in 

•  ftn  inrn-'IlMy  -liort  tinit-.*    Ilc^i'lc:^  two  continental  hrigades, 
f-onurifir.de'l  hy  OentniU  Vamum  and  Glover,  who  arri%-ed 

f  in    rrovjd'rnc-*-    with    their    re^pertive   commands    early    in 

;  Aiipi-f,  the  :inny  embraced    :i(»out    sixteen   hundred  men 

from  IlhoHc  I-liiii'l,  fourteen  himdred  from  Massachusetts, 

!  four  hundred  from  Connecticut,  and  some  vohmteors  from 

New  II)inii(-hire.  Imlf  of  whom  left  before  the  campaign  came 

to  H  tjital  i"iic.     The  !i;_'frrfrg!itc  number  was  alwnl  ten  thoii- 

-SiU'l. 

"Th'rre  were  no  Sniidsiy^  dnring^  the  Revolution."     The 
(L'ly  for  rest  aiul  for  <iiiiet  wor^sliip  w:w  often  given  over  to 

•  .-iln"  Inff^it  >>■  r^.m  iii  tihijr\4-  |.I»ii-1  almiil  irS",  iinil  Id  t-arlv  liff  learDPil  tht  InwleoT 
^  »  •I'lftp  rri*-'>ii.     I[i    177^  111'  iNarTi<:<l  ■  Mi—  iEkliiniiiiil,  anil  Mritlri]  in  hlf  owd  tiumt;  iu 

{  I'i'i- '.•li-i,ri-.     A"  till    x/rnriirTi'vliit-iit  rtf  till' rt-viiIiiTliinnn' KRr  hr  <:nj;ii]t<il  Id  tlir  rau^  of 

•  fr'i'.'wii,  iiii'l  «»•  i'liiitltii'l  sl^li  "itut-  of  !lj(-  iiio*t  Iminnont  mllttar;  anil  nsral  opm- 

■  !i'*ii"  'if  'lijii  trjiiijf  piTi'j"!.    lit-  (iariin|>)ii<''1  in  lilt  ili-friin-ufKinl  MilHIn.Xuvi-nibiT,  1777, 
nhi-r-  J."  r"''«-in"I  H  -i-ii-r"-  u'lU'i'l.    On  ilii-  iii-Ul  'if  kiltk-  in  llii'  runipiiifii  ill*  valor  hikI 

j  ii.>-|iiir,f->i  w.fi.  »iii'|>ini'iM..  .iiii]  wnn  friim  tlji- rijniniiin>l«r-ln  ctiii-f  hoiiorulilr  nivnilon In 

•  III'  <li-|ia;'-li  III'  iiiigTi-f*.  Hi'  -kill  III  otH-rniliipa^cAiu-t  III*'  [liill'lt  jlilpptngin  the  liarlxir 
I  *f  \<w  V.irk  «■•  ri-»arili'il  l.i- ('•in^ri---  wiTli  tin'  citiniiiU-lon  of  Miijur,  lie  lutvln);  jireTl- 
I  (iii-l;  1,1.11  ■  (  .ij.tiiiii  ill  B  lilioilf  l.tmiil  n  jiiiin  iil,  Ili.i  iiuiul  tx|ilull«  wrrt  iiuiiitriKir. 
1  Aiii'.nv  111'-  iii'<-l  l.riltialil  <.l  ;ln-iii  hh-  tin-  cMi-Tun-,  in  lEIni'l''  I>lana  watirf,  of  tlu'  ItrltMl 
I  ifsll'if  I'ijf'it  'if  L'fjriin-,  t'lr  iliI-lH-trrflv'tl  ilii'  riiiiiiiii--i"n  (il' l.icutcnaiit-Coloncl.  ^np- 
J  mlLili-i  -iH  trliiriijili-  ■mir<-il  (<.r  tiiin,  m  i.tMiiliT  17,  177',i,  tin-  cmnniii-sionof  lajiiainin 
If  ""■  11"' y.     Ill  iT'ii,  wliUi-  rnii-liiK  ifiu  jiriviiii-->)ii|i,  lie  wo."  laLeii  iirlruiicr  anil  c<iiisit;i>^  (u 

tlii-.li'r>p>-|>rl-"ii  -Iflji.  ■f»l  IT'.m  tlnnov  i>ui  irati-nrnU  l<>  Ihi- juil  In  Xi-w  Vork,  "tiiwiM- 
I  'if  liti'Tj  "II  III'  ■r(i>--|i[i-,  nii'l  'li'-|.iili('criii1tyunlliiollitr,"uli'l  thence  afTBili  tti  Ihirtmuur 

jirl^iiti  111  I.iJirliiiKl.    Tlii-  jiri-fiii  Ha-  no  I—-  riiiiiim-  or  inramnii.',  tor  ilii-  tnal-trpatiin-nt  of 
in  lliiiiali  -,  llinii  till'  .liTMy.     Jltrn-  aiti'tii|.l'  to  i-i-bin-  win-  uii3ui.-»F<sru1,  but  In-  Ha*  ullU 
niali-lrri'li'U-i'il  in  iN-ii-iiilKri  I7M,  liy.-xdiaiiKc, ami  Inihi  ^prEiiftor  17--,' ti-adn-"!  liin  hoinr 
,  hil'r'it|i|i;iii^-.    Ill  iriv.|ii>iiiarri'-<lf'irB  n>-c<iiiij  wil'i' ii  >ll-')!ltrrl•,I■rl■|liludl'lIllJla,at.TBn(l- 

'l«UKll)•'r  'tl'  O'.vi-riinr  Mimiii,  uii'I  nrn'^iiil  t'l  wckIitii  Ni-w  Viirk,  wln-n-  In-  innai^Ml  lu 
afirlrulliiriil  (iiirxiill-.     hi  inn  l.t  wu'  i-»iiil<i}f<l  i<i  -xiptTliitcml  Hit-  cunMnicllnu  of  llie 
J  r^lyali'iiii-rlliiliiin.  anil  wa-  ajiiKilnli-il  tn  lnr  criniiiian'l.    Hi-  HubK<|uenIly  cnmniandi-ri 

<Hi  tin-  St.  iNinifiitro  MBll'in.    A  iiuT-llmi  nt  rank  Utwii-n  Iiimmlf  and  roniniodorv  Trnx- 
,  Inn,  (li.-lil.  il  tiy  ■]■<■  Si-rrilnry  ',1  llit-Naiy  «r<ii<(,-iiilly.i>-  lir  lilifVKi.Bpihift  )ilni,I«f!<'ltuT 

^  Mllh  "iIliiT  ra««i-..  Ml  I'nnuiio'l'.rc  Tallx.i,  S<'|iIi-ii,I>it  Z-l,  INH.  lo  riflpn  lit)  com  in  I  »t  inn 

and  n-llri-  fmni  imlilli;  -i-n  In-.    1I.<  jibkmiI  llii-  n-i-idui-  f>f  lili  life  In  Xt-w  Vnrk,  ulii-rv  In- 

iiiiirrl'-il  n   tliird  il and  dli-d  .lunc  :C(,   ]t«n.     In  i^Tnon,  hi-  is  ri-iirr^cnli-d  h-.  "tiiU 

and  fti-H'^-ful,  In  f'-atuno  diK-niilDKl,  bal  Niiractlv*'.     HI*  <;iinv<Tiiallon  wa*  Kt>irltiil  ami 

t  (f-nlal."    HI iliMnI  NTvUi,.  fi  lili  ciuiilry  wi-n'  a)>|in-i-latcil  in  )i fa  day,  ami  gave  liU 

-  nanii-  nn  hviKinldi-  iilan-  biuuiir  tlm  imlrbdri  iif  Hip  IU>vula(U>D. 


OUR   FKKNCII    AIXIBS. 


(!5 


the  exoiling  service  of  the  war.  This  was  exti^nsivttly  true 
in  HhfM)c>  Islunil.  In  Providpnre.  Siindiiy,  Aii^rusl  2,  1771*. 
presenied  ii  busy  scene.  "TliU  (Iny,"  snys  a  m  sin  user  ipt 
diary  of  tliiit  date,  "does  not  np[>(?Hi'  like  .Sunday  tn  thh 
town.  All  the  aititii-crH  and  tnidr;»iii(>ii,  with  n  vii»t  minibor 
i»f  |>cr^>nA  not  belonging  to  the  tu»~n,  diircifntly  employed 
in  prcparin*;  wilh  all  ex{H.>dition  to  gu  ii|>ou  the  enterprise 
ugninMt  the  enotny  uiH)ti  lUitKle  Island. "  On  Thuituluy 
in(>ming,  Aug«!*l  fith,  (icnenil  VannimV  and  CJIover's  hri- 
;pi(Ie5  of  continental  tniops  Untk  up  their  lino  of  niareh  for 
Tiverton.  The  >imic  day,  the  Mnrqnis  dc  Liifiiyoite  set  ont 
for  the  gcnenil  rendezvoiii^,  nnd  on  the  7lh  (ienenil  Sullivan 
and  Hiiite  left  Iowa  for  the  same  deslinnii(pn.  CJeueral  Pigot. 
»pprise<l  i»f  Oeiienil  Sullivan's  iixivcinents,  wiihdi-ew  his 
forces  fr<iin  Hnttii'  IMll,  and  rt^tircd  within  hi^  defences  in 
fnint  of  Newport.  On  the  !itli  and  lOrh  of  August,  Snlli- 
viin  with  his  army  crossed  over  and  took  imssussion  of  the 
enemy's  iibandoned  works. 

Prior  to  all  this,  on  (he  IDth  of  July,  tho  French  fleet 
under  D'K-^tsiTng,  before  mentioned,  ap|H-ared  off  Ihe  capes 
nf  Delawiiif,  having  Monsieur  <lerard,  the  Kn-neh  Plenipo- 
tentinry,  on  l>o;ird.  Tho  new»  spreml  rapidly  through  the 
uounlry,  awakening  joy  wherever  heard.  It  mm-  iippctrod 
as  if  Friinee  had  taken  hohl  of  the  Ameriean  eanse  in 
eame«l,  and  with  the  puiiiose  uf  furnishing  aid  and  comfort 
to  an  ex((^-ni  comporting  with  the  ehiiMii-ter  of  a  leading 
nation. 

"Glorious  news  !  *'  exelnims  lion.  Henry  Marehant,  u  del- 
egnte  in  (.'<Higre-ts,  in  n  letter  to  Governor  Greene,  dated 
Philadelpbin,  July  U,  I77a  : 


"  I  lt«vr  liut  A  ri-w  mlnutck  tN-rore  llic  exprrsi^  j^in-h  off,  in  inform  you 
tlinl  «  Fri->i<-h  lUt-t  Ik  nrrlrvtl  on  ilii«  CHn»t  i.-4inm)iiii<li-il  tij  Count  1VK»> 
taliig;  fii)L>  hliiii  iif  'JH  k'UUf.  Tour  nlilps  nf  XO  niul  m.>  74,  and  Av«  oT  (M, 
■ad  ^Mir  rrlmKc".  Cou^n-fs  thU  ilny  rtcvlvcil  a  InuT  ttttm  llie  Admiral, 
ilaird  IHLiu-firr  liny.  Thu  FnMiOi  AtnlintMinlur.  M-mia  ricnird.  and  Hr. 
l>canc,  lu  tt,  tt\iiAte.  ai'«!  now  cninin;;  up  Um  ilvi-r.    Tlic  Ailnilral  aLio  tor- 


66 


RHODE  ISLAND   I>"   THE   REVOLUTION. 


warOtd  lis  n  K-llor,  dlrecU'd  to  Congress,  from  lh«  Kliiff  of  Frnncft,  andj 
»l)];ii'C(l  Itjr  Ills  Mi^wtty,  addn-KMlug  lilt  In  I  lie  mu»i  rt^speclH:)  and  tender- 
man  ni-r." 

On  the  nth  of  July  he  again  writes  : 

'*  I  \iul  llic  lioitor  or  bcliiR  |ir«sent  ilio  lant  SalkbnLh  al  the  rnoNt  liiteruit- 
\a\i  InlprvU'w  lliui  wvcr  Uxtk  [iljirc  Iti  AmiTkn,  or  i«Tlm|i»  In  ilic  tvorld, 
bvtwvcii  Muu^Il-ui'  fj^-rard,  iliu  1'lunlpotfntl.iry  uT  >'i'kiicu,  «ikI  the  Pri'id- 
(lent  of  Congre^,  on  lUv  part  of  tliu  xovcrvian  Indtiiffti'liTit  Uiittcd  Suitcn 
of  Amcrlrn.  TIiIh  liiUirvk-w  was  m(>«l  conlhl.  :rciitfrinia  ami  ih>I>Id,  In 
111;  torn  I  liii^  Lho  honor  of  poisoitull}'  rou;;rjiUiIitUii;;  ilLs  KxrrlU'tucjr  iipoti 
tiU  Mtfe  arrival,  and  ^it'liig  him  n  liiiirty  wdcomo  to  the  Utiltvd  Stntca  of 
AiDcrkit." 

And  still  n<x">n  ho  trrit^^.^,  Aiiiriist  1  Itli ; 

"  Lnst  'nuirsday  CongrcM  jfnva  public  an<l]«nce  to  MoaRlciirQernrd,  Hie 
Mlnislvr  Fl<-uipoK'iititiry  of  yniriici'.  It  wiiis  mi  nripirluoi  day,  an  Import- 
nnt  irniieuirtliiii.  niul  t  hopi-  roplulc  wILIi  liiHllni;  adv.iiUii;;rs  tit  thi;  United 
Btabcs  ill  tliintrid.  and  to  iIig  Sutc  of  Kliodi'  [nliiml  I11  partlciiliir.  i)/  Itils 
(liiy,  pcrhnps  at  This  momLnt.  wc  arc  ruaplu"  the  IiU-^.^Io-^h  nviTilns  from  a 
treaty  wlih  ho  (towQi-ful  nti  allj'.  I  think  tli<-  cuiriectiim  wn<>  lirought 
lilKtiil  by  Ihr  luiiiil  ciT  lli-nra-n,  mid  thcn-upon  U  prumbea  to  b«  lasting,  w 
It  lit  iiiiittndly  ln'uilk-hil,  gt-imrou»  ami  noble." 

Of  tbtj  li*caty  of  iillinnce,  WilHam  Ellcry,  also  a  ilelegate 
in  CbngrcsH  from  Newirort,  writes : 

*<  Inslenil  of  puntiiing  tliac  narrow  policy  which  rc;rar(l4  nnty  the  pres- 
ent iiionKMil,  nod  prcstitt  latpifsL.  mid  nobly  dlsdalnln;;  in  tukt  ndvnntM^ 
of  our  »ltii!iLii>ii,  t'i'iiiK.'t  hnth,  with  a  Miinll  viirhiMoo.  iicr-i^ditl  to  mir  pro- 
pusid)<.  ihui'fHy  tloobrlcov  liitviulioi;  to  liiml  lim  tn  ihcm  by  Indissoluble 
ties  of  anci:liou  lUid  cnitilitde." 

The  IuUgw  of  the  Commissioner,  he  says,  "show  a  good 
dUpusition  in  the  powers  nf  Kiirnpc  t<iwnnis  ug." 

When  the  fleet  of  Vit'C-A<lniiriil  Count  D'Kstaing  a|>- 
poured  on  our  suutheni  cotuit,  the  (|it(3etiun  an>se,  how  it 
coutd  he  i'ni|»loycd  to  tlio  lii'^t  ;iilvant{i<.'e.  One  idea  wa»  to 
blockuile  New  York,  and  thus  co-oporatc  with  the  Ameri<?rtn 
land  fon;cs  in  c(>i)[)iii<r  up  llio  British  troops  in  that  city  ;  Init 
it  waR  t'oiind.  n[inn  exiiinination,  thiit  the  t-btinnel  was  not  of 
sufficient  depth  lo  permit  the  entrance  into  the  harbor  of  the 


m 


OUR   FRENCH   ALLIES. 


fi7 


it  ships,  and  wi  llinl  ])Iwn  was  abaiuloii<Kl.  The  next 
plan  waH  to  mvetit  NewiKirt,  ami  l»y  a  simnUuncnua  nHsaiiU 
by  (he  iia\.il  niul  laml  forcCM,  nnJin-  Sullivan,  Irt  insure  the 
vnptiii'e  {)f  the  enemy  then  huh)iii;;p<>t<}>cssi(m  of  the  tawnand 
nf  tho  island.  AetMirdinfrly  IVEslainjr  bore  away  for  Uiis 
oiit-poat  of  suulhuni  N«w  England,  and  appeared  off  New- 
port July  29,  1778.  The  imtiiince  of  his  fleet  into  (he  har- 
l»or,  August  8,  filled 
the  i>neniy  n'ilh  i-on- 
Hterniit ion.  So  in- 
tense viaa  the  fear 
awakened,  that  thu 
t  h  r  o  0  gna  nl  vrsseU 
inichnrcd  in  the  K»»t 
IHta^age,  and  Ihc  seven 
veRneU  anchored  in 
the  West  pasoa^^o  and 
ill  the  bay  as  far  north 
iLS  nearly  opposite  ihc 
northerly  end  of  Pni- 
dentw  island  weri', 
to  prevent  their  (>e- 
fiiminr;  prizes  to  oiir 
Frrnch  allies,  oi-dfred 
to  lie  dealroyed. 

These  vessels  mounted  in  Ihe  a^it-galo  two  hundivd  and 
eighteen  giina,  vix. : 

AlADD.  gnllt-y,       -  ir>Kiinii.  OrpliL-iix,  rrli;au-,  •       aXj^unN. 

Orbvi-U!!,  frl;{itl«,      -  -     'in  ftmm.  l'ls"l.  irJilli'J".     -  -       *  gHtw. 

Jmio,  rrlKRl*-.  .1!  itun*.  SpUdre.  gnlU'y,  •           8  Kons. 

KiiiK's  Plvtii-r.  eloDp.  ■     lA  ifuiis.  Floni,  n-lgale,   -  :t?  i^uitn. 

I^rk.  frlj:ale.       -  :);;  ifuiix.  Falcon,  xloop,  IK  iniiiK- 


^S(a^ 


Of  these,  thu  Flom  and  Falcon,  with  their  arnmuiciitti, 
were  sunk.  The  other  ei;j;ht  were  burned,  and  all  llieir 
nuinltiona  of  war  went  to  the  Imttoni. 


OUR    FRENCH  ALLIES.  q9 

The  following  details  will  perhaps  make  the  account  more 
intelligihie  to  the  rciuicr  : 

Alarm,  (inlloy,  ntntluiii'd  at  Fofrland  Ferry,  Ea»t  Tassngc;  burnt  at 
Snndy  Point. 

r'erlHTii.'i,  rrl^nte,  fttntluned  snutli  or  Dyer's  Inland ;  burnt  Hirther  south, 
near  Portsmouth  whore. 

Juno,  rrl^atc.  stationed  in  centre  of  West  Passa^,  about  half  way 
in'twet-n  Jamestown  We.tt  Ferry  and  Connnlcnt  Point;  burnt  in  CoddinR- 
lon's  Cove. 

King's  Flslier,  sloop,  fltationcd  at  rhi;  Ronthcrn  entrance  of  tlie  East  Pait- 
Slide;  burnt  n  Utile  norili  nf  Lliilc  Sandy  Point. 

Larit,  frigate,  stutioncil  nildwtiy  between  Arnold's  Point  anti  Prudence 
Island;  burnt  near  Portsmouth  shon-.  about  midway  between  Arnold's  and 
Coggeshall's  I'oliits. 

Orpheus,  Mjiate.  stationed  between  the  northern  end  of  Prudence 
Island  and  Calf  Pasture  Point;  burnt  near  ('okK"='*I*!'1'  I'oiut. 

Plgot,  galley,  stationed  near  Brenton's  Point ;  burnt  a  little  south,  near 
tlie  shore,  on  the  opposite  side  of  tiic  cove. 

Spllllre,  galley,  stalloued  In  the  Easit  Passage,  south  of  Little  Sandy 
Point  and  near  Portsmouth  shore;  burnt  at  Sandy  Point. 

Flora,  frigiite,  sUitloned  Houth  of  Race  Island ;  sunk  In  Newport  harbor, 
south  of  Long  wliarf 

Falcon,  stoop,  stationed  l)elween  (Joat  Island  and  tlic  Dumpling":  sunk 
near  the  south  end  of  Ooat  Ishind  * 

•GKNEItAL    ORDEKS    llEFOHE    THE   BATTLE. 

The  following  Orders  issued  by  (xeneral  Sulliviin.  prepar- 
atory  to  moving  ou  the  enem^v  at  Newport,  after  taking  \nt»- 
jiprtsioii  of  Hulls'  Hill,  seem   to  have  ti  fitting  place  here. 

■OvK  ttaircR  huplarril  ou  the  insrulii  uf  tilR  'Tlian  of  th<>  llBrbor  nfUhndr  ImImhI  ami 
NkiraganK-lt  Bay,"  llio  fuliowing 

"  NiiTKH  ANii  Kkkkiikni  kh  v>t|ilninrii)[  Ihc  HltuMlun  of  Ihr  IIKitisii  Kiill-H  anil  Foluriw 
anrr  Ow'Anh  of  July,  177S,  wlitn  Ilie  French  V\t^t  unrta-r  Ihp  niminiinil  of  rounl  (rK-tatnf 
■pprsretl  Bnil  Anrliuri'tl  ulT  Ihe  llnrbor  at  Kewport. 

"  Ttip  KHiiie  (lay  two  Frciirh  FriftitlcP  went  up  thr  .Scakonnel  I'MMige. 
".liily^WtU.       Twt)  Frendi  Linf  of  llartln  .-^hiii-i  AnchomI  In  the  XBrrmffmnMtl  ra*HiiKt- on 

wlilrh  llic  Kluit'i  Trou|H<  i|uttti-d  I'nnnanlcut  Inland. 
■*.AuiniBl  SIh.    Tli«   Fri-nch  .■^Iilpa  rame  down  lownrdii  I>yi-T'a  liOamI  when  Ilir   Itritli-h 
ailvancnl  Frl|[iitFii  wrn>  dcHlroypd  and  the  Semncn  Knrnin|NHl. 
"Sfli.    The  rp"l  of  tin'  Frf iieli  FIccI  camp  inio  llnrbuur  and  Anchored  abn-ail  of 
Ciiulil  Inland,  upon  wlili'h  the  Kln^'n  Tnmpn  irithdrrw  wtrhin  Ihp  Lincii. 
"iKh.    Th*- Knpniy'ii  Forcpi  landed," 
The  Kritiah  had  one  encampnipiit  tn  Newport,  one  on  Conanirut  Ixland,  nnp  (■  Maval 
llriipule}  In  Hiddlelown,  and  flvt  ciicaoipmentu  tn  I'ortamouth. 


70 


KHODK  ISLAND    tV  THE  RKVOLUTION. 


The  nnmes  of  Genei-als  Greene,  Haiicoek,  Viirnum,  Glover, 
AVlji|)|)Ie,  Tyler,  CVirnell  iinil  l^niuyvUv,  tia  well  us  lliosc  of 
Hiitioniintile  offit-ers  thcrfrin  niitiit'*!,  wtiind  coiinoctcd  in  his- 
tory whli  ttome  of  tlie  n)o^t  iniporlant  iinU  brilliant  military 
nuhicvcmcnts  of  tlio  Rnvolntinii. 


"llRAT>qUAItTKIt8.  Aufillitt  14,  1778. 

'■  Tlie  aripy  being  under  urdcrs  m  inuri-h  lo-niuirow  at  nix  oVlock.  lliu 
ruUowlDK  oriliT  uf  iiinr<.-h  is  to  he  uliscrvcil,  viz. :  TIk'  bi-it;ii(l«'S  (j>r  ihe 
dmi  Man  tu  iiilvniicc  i>y  lliclr  centre  In  coltirniiH  nf  two  pliiLimii)-  in  iVutit. 
Vnronm'H  tiriirtiile  tit  iiiiir<'h  nn  hi  tlic  west  ronil,  (:inv<-r*s  In  ilic  cn-tl. 
(;orn«irs  ftnd  lircciie's  ill  llic  wiilre  bt-twiou  tlii-m,  Irikili^  t*nrr  lodlvieh* 
the  (jroimd  bciwi.'i'H  iliv  roiulu  lis  iivar  it»  JHJS^ltJly  t»y  lljrlr  ceiiiro,  Ttie 
two  brlKudL-s  uf  Ua-  !»c{!i>nil  Ihii.'  u>  udvuticv  in  fl'out.  'I'Iil-  litii:  will  udvnnrv 
la  twu  colimiiLH.  Not^^ttlisLfinilliii;  lhi>  orrlor  uT  ninrcli  hrn'tonirf!  i;lvrn 
out.  the  two  i-tfluiiiiii  of  titc  srconti  lliir  will  prcwrvf  ih^ir  pro|ii-r  di*- 
tanct!  bctwwii  ilitJiu  fur  display lu;;  tlitr  two  rf^tiiKaLs  oi"  resurvp,  wUl 
ailvftnctf  from  tiiv  cx'iitrn  oT  each  iti  roiiiiiiiiM,  nitil  pii-xTrn-  tlit^lr  pro^MT 
dl»t(in«:«  fordi.«|>l)i)'ilij;.  (.'olutii^l  (irtciic  will  nrruriLiL' tiic  arUllcTy  of  tin; 
rlfibl  uinu  In  I  he  van  t  rouil.  Gi'i><;nil  \Vln|>|ik'.  iviili  lite  Kvw  Ilaitiimlilri! 
iroups,  will  flank  uti  lltf  nrtujr  In  llii'  rl^lil-  Ctrntml  TyliT,  Hith  Lliu  C<»i 
HL-ctluut  ti'iiopH,  will  tlHUk  thi?  iiniiy  oti  llic  li^n.  when  Ini)  llnnklti;;  ilivlti- 
liMis  will  mnrrh  liy  pIiitoniH  Iii  llu-  uiniiiifr  r*'piv^ciitod  in  the  onli-r  "f 
marcli,  «t  the  dlsUncp  ftf  fifly  rods  fVom  the  wUiji;  oJ^  Uie  nrmy  when 
n>rin<-(1.  luid  p«'scr%-r  llml  di«tnn<:'-.  ('olimi-l  llyrr  nill  inovr  iiia  rcyi- 
incnt  lo  tilt-  ri^tit,  uiiil  divide  It  pqiinlly,  iind  nltlt  iiiie-linlf  ciml-J'  ihe  ri;'lit 
or  tlio  flrfti,  and  Willi  ihv  mhvr  tht  Halii  "T  iht  M.-von(l  Hut.  CwIwr-I 
Najroa  will  dlriito  hU  ri-{j;imi-nt  in  llhv  iiiHiincr,  to  cover  Ihc  ktt  ufiho  llri>t 
and  Heonnrt  lUii-.x.  riinirral  >Vlil))pli)  nlil  d«l«rli  from  hb  rnminniKl  niii! 
hundrctl  ii)i;m  l.f>  (lunfc  Itii'  rcwrvr  mi  ilie  righi.  t;^•n^r^^l  Tyk-r  will  ilclncli 
one  hnndr«.-il  men  from  liU  coniniikiid  l<>  liitnk  ilu^  ii-<ici-vc  i>n  Uit  U-fl. 
Thistp  pnrtit;*  will  eiK-lt  Iil-  (.'oniinniidrd  liy  il  Held  «Oii-ur  Tin?  NaUmii  vul- 
urtiH-m  will  Join  p.'irl-«  ofNoyrn'  n-ttimfiit,  whkli  i-ovit  llw  left  ofllK'  flr?ti 
line.  TIk'  !>li;iinlEi  fur  ijnrntlliijj,  tvhi-i.-U<it>  itniL  iiinj-ublii^  will  li(.<  llie  »nm«! 
us  In  till.'  ui'dL-r  of  ihc  I  lUi  InMiiiit.  All  sljcnalx  of  tliv  drum  will  hi.-  Iskcii 
from  llie  hrlt^flde  on  the  rt^til  of  tln^  flrtit  line,  and  will  puHH  frnni  It 
tliroijgli  ilic  whutc  ftnny.  Whtu  tht  troop  l>i-al>t.  It  will  Ih;  a  t^l^'nal  for 
the  army  to  niovL'  up  in  order  to  <]i!>pL:)y.  When  tlie  drnm  beats  !■>  tirm*, 
the  lln^^a  nnd  n.'-KervuM  with  llie  riivt-rhii^  )iarlli-M  [■>  thi'  l1r3<L  nnd  nciroiid 
llin's  will  disphty  und  Turin  tin  order  urbnltle,  ilii-  flnnklng  dWIMoiiH  on  Iha 
rljihL  uiiO  k-ft  nil)  hall  iind  wuit  for  ortler» 

"  I'ioiioerH  to  bu  linnivdliiCcly  driirird  from  each  curps.  wtio  nrv  to  bet 
fiiriiltihcd  from  Lite  (4iturti!niinHter  with  propter  cooU  for  ntmnrlng  nb>itrui> 
tlnns  la  the  riMid  r:>r  Held  before  tlio  roininnK.  Tlie  li;;bL  corps  will  niorv 
oo  at  tcntit  a  intlc  in  IVoul  of  thi^  nnuy.    L'olouQl  L'riuic  will  order  two 


Otm  FREKCn  AIXIBS. 


71 


heavy  plvces  of  lirtlllur;  mounled  on  fldJ  carrtaKes.  to  move  on  In  the 
t*Bl  rond,  »w\  two  mure  In  Itie  ixevt  road. 

"  Tbti  ciiiiiinAiKlt'ix  of  rurps  will  hvo  llinl  tlic  urnuigfrinculii  arc  properly 
flxvtl  to-dnr,  Dint  <Mrli  oiifi  miiy  knnw  tiln  plnct^  )n  Uk'  mnrnlns  CoUioel 
I^njilon,  with  Iii4  dra;;Qoii^.  niitl  Colonel  Slack,  whli  lili*  llgM  horftc,  will 
attviHl  at  hvadquarlers  In  thi;  inorniut;. 

"AFTKB  OltDEnH. 

'  Tlinl  no  niUtnkc  may  hnppvti  wltli  n-xp«'<'l  to  coinronndvrK  of  thn  nmiy 
nollflinl.  tliv  rltfUl  wtn^  nt  the  flrst  line  will  be  com  in  muled  by  Brlsodler- 
Gunvnil  Viimiiin.  Tlit;  Ivfl  wins  of  ^he  nm  line  will  be  coinmnmied  by 
Drluiulicr  ricm-i'iil  Glover.  The  ftrcouit  liiir  will  be  coinnmutlcd  by  tbo 
Hon.  MiiJ>tr-<^-niTnl  ILtiicorl;.  The  rr»<^rvi-  by  Colonel -C'omiTinTidnnt 
Wr»t,  Miijor-ficnct'til  nrrcni-  will  coiiimand  tlic  Hk'H  wing  nf  tin-  urmy; 
MjJoi'Ginicrjil  tin;  >lni(|iil»  dr  In  FMiellcibe  Itfl.  Tlie  oilivr  pnrttciiliir 
cuiuuiaiiil  nf  curt>!4  Uns  Unvu  poiutcd  out  in  llic  onJcrs  uT  tlie  ^Uiy. 

*-A  iKTinlt  rnitD  th«  IJl rector- Gi-nerti I  uT  tli(>  HoRpltiil  will  t>c  a  Rumdent 
wurmtit  Tor  any  ttiir^con  or  >trk  ftoldlcr  to  pas>(  to  Ilic  ttisln. 

•■Tlii;  comman«kTs  of  n-;;ln)ent  corps  nnd  eoinpnny  will  sappty  the 
Qliarlfnniinlor-tierHTiil  uilliU'iry  >t<irfH  niiii  tbo  l?rtniitii)*«ary  of  I'nivixlon 
witli  HtK'li  niini'icr  of  luen  on  tbuy  nbaM  request,  irlthout  onli-rs  nram 
lu!iiil(|iiunvrit. 

"  Parole—  Coox. 

"  C.  Hisac  ~  iloiTtiss," 

"llitADQUAitTKna,  RnonR  Iai^tid,  Angnst  IS,  L778. 

"  Wijor  GrniTii]  for  the  day  to-morrow,  HancotI:.  nri^iitllcr  tar  the 
day,  TitL-iiintt.  Field  Onicfrx,  Cohim-I  .liit-tihK,  Li<-uti>niiiit-Coliin«-l  WuodH, 
Mujor  Wilton,      jtrlsiide  M^'Jor  for  the  dny,  Titcomb. 

••O'liHicl  IJlavl'JW  will  uiku  commaml  of  General  Glover's  BriKftde. 
AdjiiUiK  L»rnvi\l  of  Cutonul  Slicpard'n  rcyiiiivut.  will  do  Brigade  Mqjor^n 
duty  till  luribvr  onlen*. 

"  Mnjiir  Tiiiiinns  Fondiek  and  Mr.  .lohn  Trnry  «ro  iippiilnU'd  AUh-dc- 
Camp  U)  Guucral  Glover  ^  ibcy  am  to  be  respected  and  obeyed  accord- 
iDgly." 


"  Uei DQUAiiTKKtf,  August  16,  177ft. 
"  Miijor-Gt-neral  for  the  day  to-morrow,  Miirquiei  l)e  In  Fayette.  Brlss- 
dler,  Whipple.  Fl>*ld  ofllcem,  Odniiol  Wade,  Lleutenaut-Colonel  Voite.  and 
Miijor  llnidUh.  Drlgndo-Major  Siiurljunie.  Tliv  wliule  of  Nuycn*  re^flmrnC 
to  Lover  the  l<-n  of  the  MMnnd  line.  The  Boston  Imlepciident  coiiipauieat 
to  Join  the  Siilem  roliintet-ra,  and  cover  the  left  of  the  riral  line.  Generwl 
01i>vi-r  will  nUc  direction)*  where  they  Are  to  cncainp.  Elj^bC  hundred 
l^ti;Oic  iiieti  to  In!  drafted  rr«mi  IIr-  Hecond  line  reMrrvi!  corjM,  General 
Tyler'"  rLmklug  duUlon  mul  Dut'ii  iitid  Nnyen'  reginK'ntH,  aod  to  parade 
la  the  Aifut  lluu  ou  the  ua»t  road  precliuly  ut  t>lx  oMuek  ibb  uveiilnj;.    A 


RHODK  ISLAND  IS  THB  REVOLUTION. 

covering  piirly  or  one  thousand  incii  Troni  tliv  llrst  Mnv  to  pnnulc  m  tliv 
Mumv  time  mill  places.  Tb«  QtJarlcnu»ht(-r-Gi-u«rul  will  furwDnl  till  llie 
fiuicluirM,  ;;itl>ioiiN,  |>Utrunii>«,  nml  iitlrciicliiiiK  LikiU,  tliiit  Die;  may  be  III 
fruiiL  of  tliu  flmt  Hue  kt  fix  o'clock  IhU  cvcplnc  Tlic  t-tiiiiiiilMary  of 
MlllUir)'  i^iofLii  nil!  rurunnl  all  ttic  onhiaucu  lo  tlic  saini'  place  und  iit  iliu 
sntne  Lime,  (^nilnlii  l>urtisli  Uanson  ntul  Lk-iili'iiatit  Aiillioit>  WUulp,  nlio 
were  (tHittdcwl  liy  iht  court  martial  of  which  Mujor  liiiuUtiyluu  wa* 
I'rusldcuc,  lo  tic  <ll!i{-h;ir;;<Nl  ili.-  jter^-k-e,  nrc  In  con«l>lcrnLioii  uT  ihclr  for- 
mer gooil  h<:lir)viorAiiil  offlcer-like  cuiiducl,  restored  lo  tlii-ir  runner  mnkn 
and  cotnmiiiiU.  The  Geucm]  wbtiex  lliftl  this  iitny  »vrvu  lo  caution  tlicni 
ffgnJiMt  II  coiKlovt  that  niuy  til  oat-«  Uebiruy  all  the  credit  lltnt  Umn  nml 
fltithOil  scrvk-va  biive  iic'|tilrei1.  Tli«  AMs  uutl  MkJuis  of  Drl^uilw  arw 
raquv.Hted  to  nttinid  at  inTinftuinrtcrs  iiri-clsely  ul  the  liours  nivutlom-il  lu 
tbo  orriLTx  of  tl>«  iviith  liiht,  llri^atllitr  GcHLTal  ViiniDin  will  conunaiitl 
Kie  Crtverin.!;  iiartk-s  tliisi  tveiiip^. 

'■  Thi-  rniigiir  piirtJen  n  111  ptLrade  with  llicir  arms,  C'^e  nWccrs  cxcpptetl) 
K()liij[*>i>  tli<-'  lliiv!t.  KicliHnl  Wulkur  uud  Itoynl  TylcT.  E»qs.,  sre  to  set  n» 
BrlijiKlv-KiiJura  to  lijjbl  corps." 


"  lIiuitquAirrRRR.  Aagnst  10,  177». 

"ArriiK  tlRUKKH. 

•*  Colonel  Crxne  to  litre  the  cliur^  of  (iructlns  tlie  lintt«rles  this  night; 
Cnlnn^l  Uo>  ii»ii  ami  CulntK-l  Gridley  lo  ns>^ltit  liUll. 

■'  fUjlitiicI  Cr-jnu  will  ik'tarli  ^iicli  uiimln-r  of  tirilUury  men  miO  sucL  num- 
her  of  pleci's  for  the  (.-ot-eiiu^  pnriy  an  lie  slinll  think  |)rn|)i>r.  He  will  also 
dflliurh  nin-h  tiiinilier  of  nx-ii  lo  laki'  clmrjje  ot  Uie  Imtlcilci*  and  serve  the 
RKiMion  (■•>  lie  llniN  n'qtilMilc. 

"Catldil'l  lltnkk-y'it  coinpiiiiy  From  Boston,  now  in  Colonel  l.ivin^tou'n 
iiorfM,  to  join  (lie  corps  wlilcli  now  cuvtrd  llio  left  of  llie  rlrst-  line. 

"A  druft  of  two  h[in>lr<>d  men  of  the  most  ablf  and  netlve  men  from  tlie 
Niii'«ral  cofjtH  of  tlie  nnny,  csccpi  the  first  Hue,  to  bo  puraded  nl  livud- 
<)tiart<)ra." 

'*  Uraiiquaiitkks,  niiiiDK  Ihi.ami,  Annual  I':,  17(8. 
....     "Ttio  Wholo  of  Colonel  Nojes's  rejcimeiil  to  cover  the  lea  of 
llm  Mrninl  lliw.     Tlie  Bui^toL  inde  penile  nl  cnrai>nny  lo  join  t!it-  Snli-in  vol- 
Unlri'M.  and  eovcr  the  lea  of  llie  Trout  llnii.     Geuunil  Glover  will  glvQ 
i]li-wi)lloii»  «licri;  tbcy  are  to  l»e  cntainpcd."    ,     . 

"HKiiKJUAiti-RRA,  RiloDR  I«I.A!tti,  Angii.it  IT,  I7T8. 

"avtkk  ordkrs. 

,  ,  .  .  '*  Major  .Morton  la  appointed  Alil-de-Canip  ii>  MaJor-Gf?nerHl 
lUiiconli.  (^ipulii  Hteptien  SewiiU  mvX  UuTUh  Kln^'.  Excfrs,  are  appointed 
Aldn-do  (?4iitp  la  OcuurnI  Olovcr;  ilicy  are  to  hi:  rcHpocteil  tiud  obeyed 
ML-urdliiitly." 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  73 

"  HeADQI'AKTKIIK,  C.VMP   BEFOHR  NkWPOIIT,  \ 

"Angust  aO,  1778.  ) 

"  Major-Gencml  for  the  diiy,  to-inorrow,  Green,  Brtj;nt1ier  Tor  tlie  day, 
LovGll.  Flolii  Offlcors,  Colonel  HancH,  Lieutcnaiu-Coloucl  I'opo,  Mnjor 
Fenno.     Brlysidc  Mnjor,  Nllus. 

"The  Goiicnil  positively  oniei-s  that  no  officers  coiiiniamling  fatlgne 
parties  kIiuU  suffer  them  to  come  ofl*  the  workit  until  they  are  regularly 
relieved,  or  <ll->n)is8ed  by  the  Mnjor-Geiierul  of  the  day.  The  court  mar- 
tial, whereof  Itrigudier-General  Varnum  Is  I'rcsldent,  to  sit  to-morrow,  to 
try  Colonel  Noycs  fur  taking  off  the  fatigue  {inrty  withont  order.<i  and 
without  having  heen  relieved, 

"The  Quartermaster-General  to  apply  to  the  Adjutant- General  for  a 
proper  nnniher  of  hniuls  to  bury  the  offal  of  the  cattle  killed  about  ciimp; 
aliio  the  carcasses  of  dead  oxen  and  horses  about  the  Island.  Colonel 
Kvans  will  give  onlers  for  burying  tliose  on  the  north  part  of  the  island. 

"  The  Geiienil  entreats  his  bnivc  ollleers  and  soldiers  to  use  their  ntmodt 
efforts  In  currying  on  their  upproaehes  to  the  enemy's  lines.  Though  a 
noble  spirit  of  patriotism  brought  numbers  of  brave  men  on  the  ground 
whose  piirtk'ular  Interest  loudly  culled  for  iheir  presence  at  home,  and 
though  the  General  is  convinced  that  the  put>llc  Interest  will  still  prevail 
over  every  other  consideration,  yet  he  wishes  to  do  everything  In  hla 
power  to  forward  the  return  of  those  brave  mm  to  their  respective  fami- 
lies and  business ;  for  which  reason  he  exhorts  every  one  to  use  their  best 
endeavors  to  make  the  siege  as  short  as  possible. 

'•  While  the  Commander-in-Chief  esteems  it  his  duty  to  retnrn  hta 
warine.st  acknowledgments  to  the  truly  spirited  citizens  of  Salem.  Marble- 
head,  &i:  ,  who  so  cheerfully  turned  out  to  uike  charge  of  the  boats,  and 
who  have  hitherto  exocnteU  their  trust  to  so  universal  satisfaction,  he 
cannot  help  expressing  his  concern,  that  the  term  of  time  they  agreed 
for,  is  so  nearly  expired;  it  gives  him  the  most  sensible  pain  to  reflect 
that  the  unfavoraldc  weather,  the  absence  of  the  French  fleet,  and  some 
other  unforeseen  and  unfortunate  events,  have  lengthened  out  the  opera- 
tions far  tieyond  his  expectations  and  Iny  him  under  a  necessity  of  calling 
on  those  men  [who  ought  to  return  home  with  the  thanks  of  the  army  and 
country  in  general]  to  continue  the  sacrlflce  they  are  making  of  their 
private  Interest  for  a  few  days  longer,  to  see  the  business  they  are  bo 
nobly  engaged  in  completed,  and  this  Island  again  restored  to  the  domina- 
tion of  the  United  Stales."    .     .     . 

"  HK.ipquAUTKii8.  August  2-t,  1778. 
"  Major-General  for  the  day,  to  morrow,  Marqnls  de  la  Fayette.     Briga- 
dier, Glover."     .     .     .     The  company  of  Salem  volunteers  will  Immedl- 

■  Uencrmi  John  <il'>vFr,  M>n  of  Jonftthan,  Jr.  and  Tabltlis  (Bncon)  Glori-r,  Wfw  bom  tn 
SkleiQ,  Hbhn.,  NiivL'riiber  5,  ir32.  Me «Brl}r  removed,  wtlii  three  brotlirrn,  (Joutttlikn,  Mam- 
ad  and  Uaulrl,)  to  Marbletieod,  where  he  learned  the  trade  of  a  shoemaker.   In  17M  (Octo- 

10 


74 


RnO]>K  ISLASD  IS  THE  REVOLCTION. 


fttelj  marcti  to  IKiwIand's  Ferrj:  nod   put  thvoiselrcff  nnder  the  commHiid 
of  Colono)  Lcc,  to  ^uiinl  ih«  bmiiM,  siii]  u>  msti  tliein  Mlii-n  uccaAtim  mny 


IhtW;  hr  mirrlnl  IlMinali  (ikli-,  of  t1>al  los'ii,  ■nil  pii|tv"l  '»  *^  Aahliit  and  ollirr  tm-r. 
twiitUr  pumiili,  trlikli  wrrr  linnpitroualy  fallowr<l  uiilll  tlir  brraklnji  uiH  of  itiK  Kvt'utu. 
IIOTiary  wur.  Ilv  liccnair  pronilupnl  In  lown  Biriilr*,  nlid  InM  oa<f  of  lionor  ■ml  uu.i. 
Up  w&«fur  iDKa;  year*  nxinrirliil  nilli  llii<  mllilnrj.  nii'l  al  llir  li4-gSiiiiiiijc<>f  Ihr  «iiir  nlmn- 
duiHxl  liji  pxiriulii'  biiiliipin,  ral>n1  a  n-Kliiipnt  uT  unv  ilioiiMinil  nirii,  ■iiil  J'>Iiifi1  Wai>h- 
Initluii  ■!  Camliriitjit.  A»  tiiii  comniamk  wat  etfiniiosri)  ino-ll*  of  ftiiini-Q,  il  ubtaini>d  lh« 
MtbrUjiirt  or  flu-  "  Unrhir  Itrxiinrrit."  aiiit  fur  ll*  lh<ir<JU|iti  ilirill.  liraiiTy  hinI  Hblltit  tu  rlu 
vrvlevatlkr  ou  laml  or  wiIit,  Wft>  rvK*")^  by  Hit  '.uiumaiiilcrlii  Cliltf  iM  uiit>  of  lliv 
moal  valiwblo  aciuI'Mkni'  ro  lit*  amy.  »<»d  Oetubrr  I,  IHA,  to  July  ^O,  1770.  (ulonel 
iUotvr  tta*  rlntinm-it  hi  ili->rrly.  llanf ..  umjarlrh  Miittrr-Maitpr  <rt-nrral  tilriilipti  Mnj-lan 
[■»  All)  al  WaaliltijEiiinj  imik  iftiMvv  if  tlw  riiulpincnl  aiul  mAonlng  wf  vcitvti  and  rroU- 
er»  Mlling  Troiu  tliat  fori  and  from  Kuli-m  »ud  UnrttMwad.  Itirir  iliitii-*  urn-  faJlUnilly 
and  ■ucoeianilly  illH-hnTjrnl-  t'V'kinff  llrmly  lir  J<il»H.  WiUltlnKTon  on  l^nfi  Uland,  ami 
rradO'rpil  luvaloaW.f  wi  vlort,  iKlHnia  rrlrral  twrimir  iiiTi-M*ry,liitnijii-riiiU'iidi1i^  tlvlran^ 
gmlallaB  at  an  aniiy  of  iiliii-  lliiiuuiii]  iripn,  hIiIi  all  lliv  KpM  arllll4-ry  anil  mirh  lirsvy  i>nl- 
liaiiev  uiwaa  nf  Mott  value,  mmtuiialllvDi  prvvMoiu,  rlc,  taort  il.ie  rittr  lo  llir  main 
land  In  Ihr  tpmtx  at  ililHiiii  liuun.  Vat  gftllant  irnioi-iat  Wnl  nicilir.  Ociolicr  IK, 
t^T^hawa*  nimtillamiU'il  lij  (ii'urral  L*r,  aiMt  alaolnx^tipmlunlm  by  M'aildoKtun.  lie 
ma  mnnHMlonnl  a  BrlKiulli-riif  n»nU  Ki-btuwy  iri,  I7;7,  bui  al  nr>t  iti-rlltvi-d  thr  tiunor. 
Tlirongfa  Ibr  |irrwa<Iwii  of  Waibln^tltin,  hIid  •iilrrlaliird  a  Mgh  nplnton  uf  lil>  iiitlliiiry 
■MItIf ,  In-  di>ally  iKviitril  II.  Hv  «■■  with  WaihlnglUD  al  Treiilun.  villi  lirvcna  In  ?(p« 
•Jwwry,  and  nilh  (iali'i  nl  ^nrali'itn.  Atlrr  llm  mirrmilpr  <jT  llurxoytm  llir  itnpnrlHiil  iluly 
waa  aial(D«l  lilm  nf  coiidunini;  iIh>  iirlMiiiPi*,  Orv  lluiutatiil  •r>i>ri  iiiiinlml  aiiJ  nlm-iy.on* 
In  nuwbrr,  !<•  •.'nntliHilKi:-  A»  alrradr  *»«ii,  licjuin^d  >ulliraii  In  I'luildetifc  tuc«i)penl« 
wUb  him  In  llir  r«nit«tgn  on  Itliuilr  lalaml.  lie  <*>•  will  li>  Iluttun  to  rngagF  Iwo  liHth 
Atmi  or  itim-  liuiialml  ■■anu-ii  or  nilipr  |>iT«Kit  wrll  ut^iuHliitpd  wlili  biiHli,  lo  imI  m  boa)< 
M«u  in  [lie  i-xr^^dlilon.  Tin- "  llonon  ItidcppudiMit  lompany,"  loloiicl  l(lc)il>()rn,&Sdcm 
oolnpany,  Papluln  .saiiiurl  Flaiijr,  ami  leiaii)  inliiiilii'nt  liuiii  UarblLlii-ii<I  mitf  srcutvil, 

Afti-r  ilip  ttlrpol  of  llif  iinnj  Imri  (tie  l"lBnil,  l.inrrni  (Ibirpi-  « lilj  lilo  brlfpiili'  rrhimWl 
la  l*nivld(-n(».  wlii-rr  In-  niiialiiciL  mil  11  Juli  7.  ir;v.  «btn  hi-  li'tl  to  Join  tin-  nulla  Amy. 
H>  waa  a  mciiitii-t  <t1  ll»<  nmrl  iimrlinl  lH'r«r-t>  itbiini  llir  uigfi>rliinxti>  AniJn-  wai  l(i«d. 
From  "I'sinri  lVpht<klJI,"  ?jpv<-iut/«r  .'Sili,  lie  wrlrn  In  {;tnrrKl  Jliincork  ^ 

"Tlir  wfiiil*-  iif  till'  army  lim  ||Titi|.  itiln  itiulf^r  ijuarlrr*  rll«i-|>tlBK  llrnft*!  Mson**  Mid 
hi;  tirtnadpi,  itlio  air  imw  In  dip  flrtd  (rlxlit  liuiiilipil  iirmy  nipu  ulllinul  ihuc  iir  alncklng) 

mJoylAiE  UK'  BWHit  iif  a  wlnirr'i  canipalBn,  while  tlio  wurtliy  «d<I  <rli«i<)ut  rttlfcu*  uf 
Amerioa  arr  niiliirliij;  tlw  ltafd*lilpH.  lulU  ami  rallf:u>-*  lin-hU'UI  Id  gurlniirt.  Kith  saoA 
in*,  Wm)  aliHl>ltj|;  uii  IihU  of  duwii.     ^V\u^  Ilia  I  Intra  Mi  i'hh-  aliJ  iiUliiri  li>  pujiiy  u  gintd 

«i>Halll«ll«ii,  kntl  at  Hit-  (anir  lime  fnake  hli  fartum-,  would  ant  be  u  tuiaintf  " 

WlkPH  the  pi«iln1»y  •arrlilrri  and  Ihr  lacilllcr  iiriipallh  mailv  bj  (jnirml  (jl'm-r. 
tectrthcr  Willi  Hip  kiill^Ylng  rondltlnn  of  ti4«  brlgadr,  nrc  braaghl  lnlv*kw,  (iiv  Iron/ uf 
the  abmp  <|iiikliillnii  witl  Ih*  imhIiiiwiI. 

Gtiirmlillovvr  n-iiiaiiir<l  111  wnii-iu  until  Jnljr,  l7IS,«ih»a,  on  accaonl  of  InnrsdiiR  ID 
iKalih.bi'  rrMfiit-tl  lib  ojiiiailwlun.  CwriKn'M  ■MppicdlhffwditnailOB.uidiitncc'l  him  uu 
llw  half-pay  rulabllilnncnl.  The  midue  uf  lili  llfi.-  waa  ipenl  111  Uaililr-hnHl,  nvln-iv  hn 
dird  of  a  licpillc  ilitrntv  Jaiiuafi'  'M.  ITV:,  ax^^  ilxly-IlK-  yvvm.  lilt  rctnaliia  war* 
drpnilli-d  lu  llir  (aiuUii  tomb  in  thr  i)1d  buiyliitt  Krouiid  In  Marbltlii'ai).  "In  |>riviilr  Urn 
It*  <■«■  thii  warm  and  aii-iuty  frlrnd,  fiti-  fiiiin  ex  fry  a|ipcaraiii^>!<  uf  sullr  a  nil  illiniiiiiilalloil. 
He  wa*  thi-  BlRicI  loll  air  hiiiDutid.  Ilir  kind  brollicr.  and  the  b«>;<l  uf  fnlliL-ni  " 

In  IfCS  Ik-iijanilu  TiIit  Iti-iil  prrnfiiUil  l<>  tlir  city  of  Iluitoii  a  bninfc-  ulalur  of  Clrncnkl 
tilm«r.  it  ll  iitf  hpnilr  (.Ixc,  aitil  n'}>nriM-i>IK  ttim  In  cnullni-iilal  uniform,  wlllv  Ibn  licavy 
mlUiar;  ovcTTOttt  hanxiiiji  In  itracEful  fulil^  fiam  liti  ihoulder*.  It  fland*  iin  Cominon- 
WT^illli  ai<-iiii<-.  iijxiii  11  ((niiiitc  pedeatal,  upon  wlildi  li  lD««rlbi.'<il « luuiiuary  uf  lilt  mllftary 
carver. 


OUR   FRENPH   AIJLXMS. 


7$ 


rM)nlK.  Two  hiindrird  mi'n  properly  otllccred  And  commnnrlDd  hy  &  l.len- 
tcnBtit-l'oIoncl.  to  t>p  tuhen  tViMii  WlilUiej'it  iiml  WjiilBtvorlli's  rcKlments, 
.itlil  niiir<rli  llilx  sfl iTiiooti  nt  4  o'cluck.  to  Biitlti'  Hill  niiil  put  llnrm"<'Iv«-ti 
iiiiit«T  cominiind  of  Colonel  Evshn  to  ncvslBi  the  incu  now  on  tUi>  grotiud  In 
cnnfttructlos  the  ■iec:e».''ary  works;  tliuM*  nuii  v^buiilil  be  |ii-iiicipull5  ttucli 
M  nn:  acquiiliitnl  with  hoatB.  that  iliojr  tniiy  tw  nlilc  to  mnn  ilii>m  vrhen 
colled  ti|)oii  for  that  pnrpoM.  The  QunrtormBstera  and  (?oiim)l<i.snrle<i  Arc 
to  ivmove  nil  lln-lr  iii-nvy  Mtnry,i  iinl  fiintiedlutrlj  wsnicd  to  Itic  iinnli  end 
of  ibti  Ifilnml.  All  tliv  tivai'/ ))as;(ri;!<^  nliould  lit  itc-iic  oir,  thnt  the  ariuy 
tnjij  not  l>F  L-iicumtMTi-d  nltli  H  in  tlini>  of  iictlun.  Thu  mini  from  (■onerat 
Tittfomb'*  hrifinde  wliloh  liavv  Jitiiiod  OiloncI  LHwruncv's  corps  ari*  Imine- 
dlau-ly  lo  ri'iurn  t»  vliclr  rwit>*-'ctlvc  regimcntii 

"As  It  Khc*  nnuAi  troublr  (u  furnlfb  Lliu  ll)j:bl  liurornivn  niid  dn^ootiit 
with  pKMirs  to  croHs  iho  forry  every  lime  llay  are  sent  on  bUMnDH<i.  they 
*re  to  pA»h  and  rr|Mi.'<i«  willioiil  wrltlt!ii  p(i"*ieit.  Tbe  pickrt  which  litft  hi 
rmr  of  lUr  hnttery  now  ^reclln;;  on  tha  light,  are  to  move  down  titc  road 
In  fhint  of  the  bntt«ry  wery  cvrnlnx  ut  dark,  anil  rrtiirn  Bgnlti  nlday- 
hrwk  "... 

Il  WBs  tho  intention  of  fJeneml  Snlliviiii,  after  having 
fstnliliiiheti  liir«  litirs  at  Unttu'  Ilitl.  to  ns^uuH  the  enemy  in 
hiti  IriMidies.  Ati;;u8t  1 2th  wiis  ihe  diiy  (lesi<rniiteU  fur  his 
itnny  to  move.  On  the  lllli  he  insued  a  patriotic  general 
order,  in  which  h«  >tai<l : 

"  Tbff  ConinMndcr-fn.4'hi4rr  of  the  unny  nn  Itlimle  Nliind  Uitvliiifc  iw<ii«d 
ord«r»  for  Ibe  army  lo  movt<  on  towardu  Newport  lo-morrow  morning  [ol] 
)>lx  o'clock,  iskeit  this  opportunity  l»  reiiirn  Mt<  uioNt  cordlnl  thaiikit  lo 
tlio  brsvi;  olllcvrs,  voluutcent  and  aoldlvrK,  tvlm  huvvt^iih  bu  (nii(.-b  alacrity 
repiilrcil  10  Iblx  pU«t!  lo  filre  llielr  a-ixUtauce  In  cxilrpsthif*  the  Rrlllbh 
tyranbi  rh>m  their  country.  The  tan}  nnd  uplrii  which  ihi-y  have  dUcov- 
rrred,  tre  to  him  the  most  pIcAAlni;  prcfliizca  of  viclnry.  nnd  he  Is  hnpjiy  lo 
flud  hlHiM-lf  nt  the  hi-nd  of  nn  nruiy  fur  9tu|jcriur  hi  iiiimbiT»  lo  that  ofthe 
enemy,  nctitated  by  u  inrred  rcgHrd  for  Uic  Hbrrtk-n  of  Ibcir  conntry,  nml 
flrcd  with  Jast  reH«Dt(neDts  aj^nlnHt  thoK  barbarians  nbo  hHve  delused 
their  ruuiitry  with  Iniiocvnt  hluod,  and  iipreiid  dunolailun  on  every  \>an  of 
tlie  continent  whei-e  ibey  bavo  Iwwn  fiuffered  lo  niarrb.  The  prospect 
Itcfore  »:*  K>  now  exceeding  prontlHlnj;.  TheM>veml  enrps  linvo  everylhlnfc 
til  •nlniule  and  pre>s  them  on  tn  vfctury.  The  TrUil  bmvcry  of  the  eonll- 
urninl  orDixTM  and  Huldli^rs,  mid  the  KIl-a  they  tniist  liavt^  of  the  dfjteud* 
ence  placed  upon  Iheir  valor,  immt  sllninlniv  them  Ut  support  the  cbarKC- 
ler  ihey  bare  Junity  actrulred." 


After  exprcst^iu^  bis  enuHdcDve  in  the  vnlunteera,  Stntu 


76 


UIIODK   IKhANI)  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


troops  and   militia  wliu  Imd  gathered  to  his  supjmrt,  be 
hAAoaI  : 

"The  Ut'ticrtil.  rtn  hh  part,  nsjiircs  his  hrnvtf  ftrmy  thai  lie,  Willi  Lbc 
tilinoxt  clR-trruliieiiii,  Aliarex  with  tlwrn  every  dsttgcr  and  ratlgtie.  and  In 
ready  (o  reiiture  liU  lifV  Id  every  InvUmee  where  hfa  country  calla  fur  It." 

A    UlSAI'l-OINTSIENT. 

On  Ihe  eveuing  of  tlie  dny  lliut  Gencntl  StilUvan  with  his 
army  crosjted  over  troin  Tiverton  and  look  possftSBJon  of  the 
enemy's  works  on  Bnlts'  Hill,  Admirni  Ilowe  with  a  fleet  of 
thiily-si.\  vets!«elt^.  tUirteeii  of  Ibeni  sbipa  of  t.ho  linu.  atid 
seven  of  them  frigates,  was  discovered  ofl*  Point  Judith, 
evidently  intending  to  suppnrt  the  British  Und  forces  at 
Newport.  Wiien  D'KstuinjK  (wwiiue  iiWHrc  i>f  Ibis  fuel,  he 
immediately  ro-embarked  the  troops  he  had  landed  as  a 
re-enforecmcnt  to  Gcncnil  Snllivnn,  and  put  to  oca,  eager  to 
meet  his  nsivsil  foo.  The  opposing  fleets  npproaehcd  eaeh 
other,  and  for  an  entire  d-ty  niainjeuvred  to  ohtiiin  the  weather 
gHge.  Hh(1  ihc  wealher  liceti  favonihlf.-,  tlie  sl<ill  and  entfaii- 
Aumm  of  the  Frcneh  commander  wonid  prolwhly  have  Iwen 
crowned  with  coinplete  Mitcess,  hiit  inifua'tiiniitcly  fur  the 
])ur])ose  of  h'Kslainw',  tiie  storm  of  unpandleled  violence, 
already  i-eferred  to,  which  so  discomforted  Snllivati's  army, 
interposed  a  force  more  diflk-nit  to  ovcreoine  than  that  [)re- 
«ented  by  tJje  enemy's  sfpiadron.  Knt  the  determination  of 
the  French  Admiral  was  not  shaken.  In  the  midst  of  the 
tornado  an  Gnjja^ement  was  attempted.  The  winds,  how- 
ever, were  mi^ditiur  tlitm  the  enemy's  >!»n^.  The  Admirnl*:* 
ship,  tlie  LHn>ruL-doe,  was  dihtnasled ;  the  ToniiiUit  met  with 
a  similar  disaster,  while  the  other  vessels  were,  to  some 
extent,  danmjred.  After  the  slorm  abated,  two  fifty-gun 
ship^  that  attempted  to  piin  possession  of  the  Langiiedoe 
and  the  Tonnant  were  beaten  off",  and  two  of  the  enemy's 
eniisers,  the  Senegal,  sloop-of-war,  and  the  homlvketch 
Onvfws,  were  eaptui-ed. 

For  several   days  nothing  was  heard   from  the  Frcneh 


OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


77 


fleet,  but  on  the  20th  of  Octolier,  D'Kstftiiig  rcnppcarcd  in 
N'ewiiort  barbur,  inspiring  hope  little  fbort  of  certainty, 
ilml  thi"  t-nemy's  aniiy  would  wkiu  bo  cjiptnrcd.  Tlio  Ailiui- 
ral,  iti  view  of  the  (lihipidated  condition  of  his  fleet,  felt 
that  it  would  not  bu  wlvisiible  nor  safe  to  engage  in  another 
contest  until  necessary  re[wurs  had  been  mndo.  For  this 
purpose  he  wtilcd  the  next  dny  (21st)  for  Boston,  anti  the 
hope  raised  sank  not  to  rise  again.  When  his  decision 
beca|De  known,  General  Greene,  who,  with  Lufiiyeite  and 
nthei-8  went  on  I>card  the  Admiral's  ship  to  persiinde  him 
to  i-emain  a  few  days,  felt  greiitly  disturbed  at  the  turn  of 
alTaire,  To  bis  friend,  Cluirles  Pcltit,  the  former  thiw  gives 
vent  to  hiK  fpolingrs  : 

■<I  wim  on  bimnl  th<-  FfL-nvli  nc-<'t.  I  tisvc  only  timo  In  tell  roti  ttiu 
ie«II  hOM  fciH  iiit/>  lltr  tlcvU  Tliry  nrv  sbont  to  dvivrt  iiin,  nod  g»  miiml  to 
itoD-  The  s^irlsion  ivutikl  hv  all  our  own  In  a.  0-w  tlnyn  if  ili«  Heel 
Voulil  uiily  coupvrntc  with  iin :  but  Hliit>,  lliry  will  nni.  Tliry  have  got  n 
lUlW  KtiAturctl  111  ibc  laic  Hturin.  ami  nru  .ipprelKMrnlve  a  Juncture  of 
Syron'i*  bikJ  Ilowt^'A  tetls  may  prove  tlKlr  niiti.  I  inn  nrrnlil  our  vx^hmII- 
>n  Is  now  at  un  end.  Llkf^  nil  tlic-  fumK-r  atu-mpts  II  will  Urmlnntcwlth 
(1t)i|tTic«,  )>ecdnAe  i]n»iic(-«)i»Ail.  N^vcr  wtiM  1  In  a  mora  pi'r{>ti.-xin0  xltu. 
ntioti.    To  evacntite  tbv  Islnntl  in  iWxth  :  to  ntitj-  may  be  niln." 

To  ^^''asbington  be  writes  : 

"  The  depnrturo  of  thw  Count  D'EiitAlnr>n-1th  t>l5  fleet  fnr  Bontoii,  .  .  . 
bas,  Bi  t  spprrbeudeil,  rutuctl  nil  unr  opvraiiuDs  tt  struck  biicIi  a  paule 
atuoni;  the  inltllia  uuil  voluntt-vn)  thai  itii'y  bcarati  to  dt^Hcrt  In  sIioaIh. 
Tilt-  fleet  no  Hoouer  Fct  fall  tlinti  tlioy  began  to  t>e  ularmed  Tor  \tic\r  flaTety. 
Tlilo  nil»r(irtuiH>  (ImnpcneJ  the  liopes  of  our  army,  and  gave  &cw  sptrlts 
to  (Itai  of  the  enemy." 

General  Sullivan  and  his  ofliciTB.  foreseeing  the  disastrous 
effo^-'t  the  departure  wouhl  have  ujion  the  cam[>aigQ,  di-cw 
up  a  strong  protest  against  this  course,  (which  l^afayettc 
derline<l  to  sign,)  and  dcspat^^'hed  it  after  him  by  Colonel 
I^turens  in  a  fast  sailing  vessel.  But  the  protest  failed  of 
its  design.*     The  Adminil  continued  bis  course  for  Boston, 


•Thfi  |w<Hm|  proved  «a  emlwrntumrnl  to  boUi  eonpcM  and  WaaMiiKton.    M  «■• 
Jnrikimul)'  placml  In  Hit  hawU  of  ManiWnr  Gcrat4,l)iB  Frraeh  Mlnblvr,  Ibr  tils  oobJiIms 


Oim  FBBNCII  A1JJBS. 


79 


Hion  an  tinu^iml  imiuber  assembled  tn  pniliike  of  the  (iuv- 
crnoi''8  viands,  wben,  in  the  lan^^imge  of  Mutlain  IIanc»ck. 
"tho  common  wjw  Ivodizoncd  with  Inco."  The  cooks  wero 
driven  to  det^pHir.  and  Ibe  exigency  was  uiel  only  by  milk- 
ing ihe  cows  oil  the  comnion.  Tlic  Admiral  i*c(]uited  the 
(Jovernor'*  entertuinments  hy  a  grand  dinner  on  board  his 
ship.  The  Oovemoi's  lady,  weatod  near  her  h<n»t,  wa* 
requested  to  pull  u  cord,  which  wjm  the  signal  f(tr  a  discharge 
of  all  the  guns  of  the  squadron.  The  good  dnme  confessctl 
herself  surprised  nt  this 
coup  (ie  theft(rt.  • 

[jafayette,  pained  by 
Ihe  departure  of  the 
fleet.  alM'ays  hopeful, 
and  always  pi-onipi  to 
meet  an  eniergoiicy.  re- 
solved to  make  one 
more  attempt  t<)  secure 
its  temiioniry  return. 
By  relays  of  horses  ho 
early  reached  IJoston.  **-rr 
and  held  an  inleniew 
with  the  Admiral.  But 
hxA  powers  of  perKiiasioii  failing,  he  hH/%tened  back  with  all 
possible  <!espatch,  hoping  to  he  in  season  1o  lend  his  com- 
mand in  the  action.  In  six  an<l  a  half  hours  he  rode  sev- 
enty miles,  a  fcjit  purnllelcd  only  by  (he  fuuioim  "Sheridan's 
ride  from  Winchester,"  at  a  critical  period  of  the  hite  war  of 
the  liebellion.  In  bis  hope  he  was  disappointed.  To  bis 
great  mortifiention  and  ehngrin  he  reached  the  scene  of 
action  only  tu  seaston  to  assume  the  honorable  command  of 
the  rear  guard  on  the  retreat. 


l>  Q'l 


■AiaroM  lumov. 


•  llnUi*'*  I^Ddmarti  of  Kixhiii.  WMIp  Ihr  FmiAri  flcpl  U>'  to  ItMtaii  luirlMtr.  a  Brttbh 
Irat  of  tKcBly  (bII  boiD  In  dRht.  Tlin  AilmlriJ  linmrdlaiptj!  mmlp  pn-paralloBa  to  ntwt 
U.bM  Ok  uwtnr.aner  ibowlog  hlmMll,  drew  off  wlthtnil  bkUokui  alUnpt  uimhi  tlic 

IMTB. 


OUR  FBKNCH  ALLIES. 


81 


Sullivan  "hilt,  one  of  tbreo  nieaaiircs  to  piirsuo:  to  cuiitiuiie 
the  siege  by  regular  a|)]>roaches ;  attempt  the  garrison  by 
storm  ;  orefTurt  an  iniiuudiiitc  iTtrcut.urid  suvure  our  stores." 
On  these  [loitits  he  sotivbt  tbu  upiiiion  ol*  tienonil  (irceno, 
who,  with  his  usual  clear  insight,  replie*!  as  follows: 

■Von  nirlher  Inform  mo  lliiit  the  i-uumy'si  cuUecllvc  Btrengtii  l»  alxjut 
f^iOOO,  BD(1  Hint  yonr   own  fmro  in  »,I71   rank   um1  illu,  beslJos  a  well- 
'  appolnrpcl  arilUQry,  and  that  yoa  expected  n.  rulnfurccinL'tit  lu  two  or  tbree 
dayi*  nt  a.iKM)  iin-ii. 

"  In  tliifl  Mtiintlitn  und  iinclcr  Ibrse  ctrcumBtnncc^  yon  demnnd  my  oplu- 
ion  which  of  the  Ibni-  iutu.-»i jvh  It  It  your  duly  and  interest  to  ptirsim. 

"  [t  will  tw  n  (»\iy  tu  cunliiiuc  the  ek'ui;  liy  ro^fulur  a|)proacbe«.  We  nre 
conll(*n(>itti  tn  Saw  York:  and  Llioir  Htreiigili  and  ficcnrlly  tln'ir  viiaUe 
them  to  dotnch  ciich  &  force  thai  iipnii  julnlng  t!io  troop*  here  tliey  wtrald 
be  Uta  Turinldalilo  Tor  yuur  arniy.  Tlicy  will  be  mutinous,  didlcult  to 
gnvfrn,  tmd  of  littler  HvrvicR  in  nitr  TtiturK  opuratloiis.  Tbvr«  ore  many 
crthvr  reasons  Ibit  urge  a  retrvnt,  biit  th«-"e  rnsiy  Midler  nnil  woiilil  l)e  »iilR- 
cletit  ill  my  biiinblvopUiioD  toJunlKy  yon  [u  cflVictln;;  onv  Immutllalcty. 

"However,  aa  uur  fbrct-s  arc  all  cuUcctcd  anO  in  pr«lty  good  h«aUli, 
and  then;  will  be  no  additional  expt-iiae  to  tlie  public  to  altvmpt  lu  |>D«svas 
ooKclvctt  or  tlie  town  hy  .siirpri:'<',  I  ithnll  lake  Ltifi  llberly  to  Hii^iEcsl  a  plait 
for  your  con!it<lcrnlion.  I  ams^ii^iihlerhAt  luitlicr  tlic  number  iiorquHllly 
of  niir  iniopH  woijlii  jii*liry  iin  attack  ii|)ori  the  ciieiTiy*a  lines  hy  open 
stomi ;  b«(  a*  many  ad>-aotiigc«  are  lost  for  want  of  lM<ing  attempted,  It 
■IMLjr  be  wvll  for  you  to  coiiifldi-r  Low  far  you  can  be  JustlUvd  In  riftklng  th« 
coiiBcquencts  that  may  fulluw  the  attempt. 


•prnnl  nnininnntrBlInn  will)  th«Uaclar,  lii>plng  tatnlbt  till  acltve  ijiDpQl hy  hi  lllir  allompt 
MWc rt-IVm-il  I't.    HI*  Iffller  irn«  n«vtn|uui1nl  bf  "MI<t»  ■n'l  iwrw-U"'  lii>Ui:«:tn|t  Th» 
•Btarrof  lilinilMbHi.     lii  rrplr  lir.  rrnnlillik  *ald:  "'n>irancUl  dlqiAtchn  lo  wliLch  roa 
ntu  no  <«nlal(i  iiolliliijc  inma  llisn  whal  mr  have  iron  In  x\ir  Acl  iif  I'Hllaiumt.  vl(  , 
oAn  irf  pariloii  iiiHiii  i>iibiiil>^l»n;  <r|tlcli  I  nan  mrtt  lo  Bnd,  •■  II  iiiuat  e*"*  T^ut  t.(inl- 
aMp  pain  (o  tw  iwal  m  Tat  <m  «■>  hiipHrsii  n  butliicH.    .....    Vaiir  l.ont>lil|>  biay  piM- 

■Iblf  rvnipinlirr  llii-  li^n  iif  JM)>  that  u'vt  Hijr  rhtvk  wlim  at  y»ai  giioil  ■l*i»r'i  In  [.oiuloti, 
'70a  onet  jpiT«  Bi«  czp4s-tailiMu  tbat  a  rtrconeUtailoB  nlittii  »w>n  take  plH««.  I  Uail  lb*  mto- 
AvrtMBB  to  diid  lliriv  miHTiallotia  illui|ipu[utpil,  ami  to  be  (rfa)eil  a*  llip  <su*«  of  Ibv  nila- 

ehlcf  I  «!■■  latmrini;  10  pnvciil I  know  )»ur  Knnl  itiollre  In  ruanlna 

hllhrrwa*  ilic  lin|ii- of  brlu^  InaliumMiIal  la  ar*«ooclli»li<in,  atid  tirlir>'r,  « lien  you  finil 
Ihal  to  bti  [in|K>ulbl*,  to  aiif  turniii  fivpii  jou  10  [im|iDir,  yoa  will  rBlio<|ui>h  hi  odknu  a 
tOMiBiaad.  and  rrliira  to  a  laorc  hoQorabl«  priTale  tiaHoa." 

ItepiMlllauor  llir  tWvt  iiiiili-r  Adnilmt  Uoiir'*  oaoiniaad  when  flnt  mtd  on  IhtWhoT 
AanBrt  prior  in  iW  rnpasciiMiiii  wlih  Cuuui  IriUtalm,  U  Indlealod  by  *aaMJ«  In  Ih*  rtghi- 
lunH  VontT  or  ihv  mai>  on  pafc  BK  Md  ralttratnjc  Ovb  .Wrttea  hl«  oaval  ear««T  waa 
narkrd  >llb  •■!(«-•■.  In  IT^  h(t  waa  maile  Admiral  ijf  il»-  Wbllc;  In  IT'tiwa'  nilHHl  luan 
Earldmn,  ami  la  ITvl  rvcwiird  tlw  Ordn  of  IIm  (>arii>r,  ami  wan  mail*  Ailiuira]  ortli*  irrt. 
Urdti-J  AujtaMB.  i;wl  A  inonuawnlia  Ui  ntflMnr  mar  ba  uaa  Ui  St.  I'ael'a  Catlwikal. 
LcMduu. 

n 


sa 


&HODE   IHLAMD    IN    THE   BK%'OLmOS. 


"  The  gurtooa  U  said  to  be  G.TOO  strong;  ihtj  %n  vcU  rbctificd  wtU 
Ubu,  ndoabu,  «Ad  abttttis :  jovr  ctmiKth  is  bat  little  stnvr  #.000.  To 
■Uaek  <.0n  ns«lar  trogpi  Iti  rcdoabt*.  with  ma  espactwloa  or  anyimg 
themt,  woold  rvqolre  l»,000  Hoops  of  rgual  ur  ^oiwrtor  qoalhj :  toq  hare 
b«l  abost  S,<M»  rasmlar  Iroops  aaO  A.UOO  mUltU.  TbenAwv  It  b  ■  tbOf  M 
thlak  of  eCttttee  aajthinff  by  open  fttonn.  ir  UTtblof  o*a  be  HK^tcd  U 
■HMtbebj*  nntrngtm. 


"  CpoD  reconaoltertnc  lb*  <tark4  1  otnrrre  m  rMlonbt  maod  a  bome  al 
Um  b«Ml  of  Xastna^  bvacb,  « lilch  cotnniBUds  tb«  pa»s.  If  h«  co«M  po*- 
sen  DBiwlves  of  tbls  mloubt  ne  tnlgbt  posslblj  opca  ■  pMMgc  wtUiIn 
dwir  Uac4  by  tbe  wa;  of  tb«  brAch.  t  wotM  pick  o«l  tkiee  b«Mlr»>l  men 
of  tbe  h&Ht  tr^K^s  lu  Ibc  fermr.  ami  ^We  tbr  rotnniaiMt  to  a  good  oAccr, 
Mbo  •bonbl  be  provldrd  wttfa  boata  at  Salcbacs^t  bt>*ch,  all  complatttf 
naaned  wlib  {ood  oaramrn,  to  land  tb«  p«nj  •»(■•  dlicaace  aovtb  of  lb« 
mloQbi,  wfatrb  tbrjr  shouhl  Bttempt  to  poaavu  UKHttdrca  of  br  tzed  bay- 
owla.  I  would  karr  a  body  of  troops  rauljr  at  tbc  anraocc  of  Ui«  beach 
to  posh  nrrr  fbr  tbctr  rapport  If  Iht-j  shooM  «icc««<l,  aad  tbe  NboV  array 
to  follow  In  order  aod  Die  off  to  ihr  letl  aod  gK  •pan  tbe  blgb  gruaiHls 
back  of  the  town,  and  tbcrc  fomi  1b  good  orOer. 

*'  If  tbe  enemy  aboukl  attack  tb«  eolasia  as  It  mov^d  Iborard  tbere 
mast  be  deHchfiwto  to  clieck  Ihcoi  aod  keep  theai  lo  pUr  wbUe  tb« 
troops  arc  tmaiag.  Id  onler  to  get  a  good  aud  soAcleM  body  of  iroops 
for  tbc  purpose.  1  would  rccoinnirud  a  (Intl  (Van  tbe  mlUtIa  of  all  enth 
aobllen  a-i  have  been  In  arrilce  bcfbre.  and  bare  tbem  IneorporKKd  witb 
tbc  coiitii>rntal  and  State  troop<;  orcbe  to  Ibrni  tbetu  iuto  separate  oofpa* 
and  pick  a  corps  of  oOcera  tu  comnaml  thein  fVoen  amoox  tbe  tnitttla. 
State,  or  contiocntal  troopa  as  It  »ltnll  t>e  faand  tb^  can  bv  spand.  and 
an  tbey  appear  »'Qltable  to  the  coniRian<l. 

-  n'lih  iba  real  of  the  oiltltta  1  ivould  make  Bbam  attacks  along  their 
UtMS  AiuB  ToDoaj  hill  l«  our  baiti'r>«s.  In  onler  to  boU  as  mncb  of  the 
eoemy^  fttvcs  npea  tha  outllnee  aa  possible  while  we  get  fbotlng  wllhio. 
Tbv  mniiia  not  to  begin  their  attack*  until  mc  )tltc  tbem  at^snal  by  a 
rocLrt.  and  the  culnmn  not  to  brgln  tu  nii>^c  aeroM  tbe  bcacb  nutQ  the 
aiKanev  party  Are  a  ruekel,  whicli  wtll  an«n-^r  two  valuable  pnrpaneai  K 
will  SKTxe  t»  illrecl  nur  own  motlou!*.  and  make  tbc  enemy  think  there  are 
other  principal  attacks  to  comMence.  whkb  will  Imve  them  In  doubt  bow 
lo  dJvMv  tWlr  flirrca, 

"The  tniopi  pomtml  along  In  finnt  of  tba  Miemy*a  llne«  wUl  anvwrr 
••other  Tatiinbki  purpose.  It  will  prevent  llie  enemy  nn>w  Millylag  (tf  we 
aboQld  tncei  >«Uh  a  ivpnt»e)  ami  attemptltig  to  out  off  our  rvinnL 

**  Tta«  qoactemaatar  aboiild  have  aa  many  leaino  prot  tdcd  ns  wonld  take 
spall  oar  bAgsngo.  atonM,  faanuu,  and  inorun  at  one*  — which  sboold 
aoveof  Ibr  tbe  Upiwr  vod  of  the  bland  llic  imMiu-iUMe  b<«1&  OUT  BOtlOM 
Ibr  tbe  atorai.     I  wotiM  rocomuieml  the  fk^tvpart  of  tbr  olgbt  Ibr  the 


OUR  FAEXCH  ALLIES. 


83 


nitrrapt  as  tlie  enemj>  would  be  li»ii  upon  tlielr  guard.  If  we  shoold  get 
fooiln^C  H  <rllt  giro  nn  time  to  ninkc  ihti  iiecetuiar}'  d[»[>oi([tlon«  l)eri>re  iliejr 
can  ati«rk  ns;  And  tr  we  mrct  wiLli  a  ropalsc,  liwlll  alTurd  as  an  o|»portu- 
nlty  10  (Imur  off  our  men  with  more  siA^tjr,  u  oiirdid]>osltion  cannot  be 
known  lu  lhcn1;tIJt- 

*•  ir  we  were  nul  Hlluntrd  m  we  ure  I  could  in>l  rvcoinineni)  ttds  attempt 
)N.*c«uit«  Lbv  cbnnc?  Is  not  cqaal;  lint  our  fmrtlculir  sKiiallon  dviiiKntU 
every  nttemiit  ihnt  reason  or  common  Minae  can  Justify.  I  ihluk  It.  there- 
fore, worthy  your  attention.  1  can  only  mssutl-  you.  If  you  )^)ioiilil  think 
tbe  mcjisure  eligible,  1  will  cheerfully  imilerUike  nnjr  part  of  llie  i-iwru- 
tlon.  nnd  will  give  ;on  ever;  posslblv  aid  In  my  power  to  render  It  ettect- 
ual." 

Ihh  plan  General  Suilivnn  approvtMl.  und  tliv  cniupaij^n 
was  vigorously  continued. 

Od  the  morning  of  the  29tli  the  enemy  tnsix-hed  out  oi' 
his  dt'feneea  and  offered  battle.  The  oH'er  was  aeecpled, 
■nd  then  commenced  a  conflict  pronounced  l>y  Lafayette 
"the  hest  fnii;;ht  action  of  the  war."  For  nearly  seven 
h<iurH  the  thunder  of  cannon  and  the  ceaseless  rattle  of 
musketry  told  of  the  energy  of  the  l^ritUh  and  the  determi- 
nation of  the  Americiin!^.  Tbo  buttle  terminated  in  the 
retnmi  of  the  British,  with  a  loss  in  kilhnl,  wounded  and 
prisoners,  of  one  tliousan<t  and  twenty-three  men.  The 
Anieni-iin  \osa  was  two  liundrod  and  eleven.*  Sullivan  was 
Icfl  in  possession  of  the  field,  which  lie  held  imtil  the  next 
day,  when,  learning  that  Sir  Henry  Clinton  had  unived  ofl' 
Nowjiort  with  heavy  re-enforccments,  and  tindini;  that  bo 
could  not  expect  support  from  the  Hect  of  iVKstaing,  he 
decided,  in  council,  to  wilii(h-aw  his  forces  to  the  main  land. 
Tliiy  he  did  without  mulestution  or  loss  of  imy  munitions  of 
war.f 

■  M.  Tbnwuil,  ■  nttim^t  nt  tin-  niilllkrj  (kmlljr  of  l^fayrtii-.  hail  •  I>(wm>  klllnl  nadrr 
htni  M>4  1m<  hi*  riftlit  aria.  Fur  Mi  bnirryriMigrvMitrsniiillilDi  lltivnuikorUoalrtiHiU' 
I'aloM'l,  iif  brvTci,  bdiI  a  penilan  uf  Itilny  dollu-*  n  moDlh  for  IIO. 

r  (Idirfal  Olniff.  rlinM-  HDcii-ftr*  ImhI  lirrn  Ihamufttil))  Irnltit  In  (he  «uk|ialgn  on  Ixikg 
lituiil,  iwu  yrMit  IwAmt,  col!(«tMl  buali  and  lUjirriiilnMlfd  IliU  opnralloii.— ^awiry. 

A*«opllii|t  tu  «  (cnvnil  ofdrr  liMiird  »i  Tlivnon  by  (iciirrnl  natlliMi.  .Vutpini  HI,  lh« 
WlMlr  of  IIm- HhiHltr  l^lnnd  inllltiaKa*  itUmiui'il.  Ttir  trcalar  ntni;  •■••lt*]in>r<1  nf  a* 
f<>U<rai:  OraptsI  I  uniair,  brIipulB  lo  Iw  nmloiiHl  on  Tlinrinn  tlmr*  Oup'lisir  of  I)«|t- 
grti'*  rrfiaiiiii  lu  ^  mallviLMl  at  Vail  Klicr;  ih«  oilif r  li>l(  M  S\nit'e  Vrnj,  norili  ilile 

Ol  tW  ttirr.  llrncnU  Vafnum'*  liiijta<lr  lo  titkr  piwl  ol  >lri>)(il  and  WnriTii.  Uni<-ral 
(limvr't  brigailr  and  Jaekxtu'i  carp*  lu  lakv  pod  M  rn»idi-un.    L'vloDct  Cvtntnaailuil 


OUR  rnEKcn  allies. 


05 


body,  Slack,  Long,  Eben  and  James  Sullivan,  (both  on  the 
OeDerat's  staff.)  Thorndike,  Wiidsworlli  itnd  Millard;  Lieu- 
tenant-f'olonelri  Ilacketf  and  Colemorc :  iliijors  Fosdick, 
Bvadish,  \\'iIson,  Huntington,  GntHn  Greene,  Morton, 
Lymiin,  Phillii>s,  Crnfts.  IIoldRn,  Wani,  -Morris,  Niles  and 
TallKit,  and  tbc  officors  generally  down  to  subalterns,  won 
by  (lieir  bravury  deserved  pi-ai.se.  Four  of  General  Sulli- 
van'H  Kife  Gnaril,  viz. :  Aaron  Man,  Lt^vi  Hoppini  George 
Potter  and  John  Wcaf«)tt,  reocix-cd  promotions  for  gallant 
condnet  in  I'overing  the  relreat. 

In  t]m  tmttle  Anthony's  hill  iind  a  tincket  near  the  Port«- 
moiilh  eoal  mine  were  special  puintH  of  sevetx:  cumage.  At 
the  base  of  the  former,  sixty  full  in  one  s\Hit  beneath  a  deadly 
Hre.     Not  far  distant,  thirty  Hessians  filled  a  single  gnive. 

Colonel  Cbristophcr  (Jrecnc  having  lieen  assigned  to  the 
couiuiuud  of  n  brigade,  his  regiment,  or  rather  batudiou,  for 
in  nnnibrrs  it  ainonntcd  to  nothing  more,  of  colored  men, 
was  led  by  Major  Samuel  "Ward,  who.«e  military  experience 
had  placed  him  high  as  an  able,  energetic  officer.  The  men 
were  raw  recruits  of  a  few  weeks  standing,  and  na  yot  but 
iui|>erfuctly  ae(|uaintcd  with  military  nile.  Kono  of  tlieni 
had  ever  In-foro  l)een  under  tiro,  and  few  of  them  had  imy 
elear  idea  of  the  necessity  of  exact  ami  prompt  oljcdienee  to 
orders  on  the  Imllle-tield.  \Vhile  il  Is  slated  by  the  historian 
Arnold  that  they  fought  with  great  bravery,  and  three  times 
n)iM>lled  the  furious  cliarges  of  iho  Hessians,  it  is  said  lUttt 
a  report  was  circulated  >n  camp  that  Major  VVard  was  dissat* 
tied  with  iheir  conduct,  and  that  he  more  than  once  rebuked 
them  in  severe  terms  for  palpable  signs  of  timidity.  I  do  not 
propose  to  harmonize  these  conflicting  statements,  though  I 
find  no  evidence  that  Colonel  (Jreeuo  ever  complained  of  the 
condiiet  of  his  men.  Thjil  a  enrnage  such  as  they  never  lieforc 
witnc»srd  9hoid<l,  to  some  extent,  hnro  unnerved  their  eoiir- 
agCt  and  have  caui^ed  iheni  to  shrink  from  a  dose  and  bloody 
contest  with  the  enemy,  i«  not  Bin-prising.  White  aolrliei's 
have  often  done  no  Itcttcr.     Discipline  and  experience  make 


8fi 


RHODE  WLASTD  IN  THE  RKVOLCTIOX, 


goorl  soldiers,  and  tii  the  wnr  of  the  Rorolutioa,  m  hi  Uic 
late  Kfthcllioti,  b  deserved  meod  of  proiite  was  often  won  by 
colored  men.' 


* TIh>  m«l  l*nitaaga oT  AnoU  !■:  "It  wma  la  rrpriUnf  ibrtr  taritna  oa>H*.  tlist  Itw 
M«l)r  »UH  blaek  mlBMI.  wnirr  CohiMl  U(v«tt«,  dk4lD(itkbc4l  UtrO  hn  <Im<1*  u(  <t««- 
pvral*  *»Iot.  PuMvd  IwhUil  •  Ihkkrt  la  Uk  iftfcr,  Ibe?  Ihrtc  Uawa  drarc  bwk  Ih*  IIm- 
ilMw  wfco  »li»fB»  J  wpaWiWy  dow  iha  tilD  todlriodgvtbMni  and  ao dMcnnttwd  wvfv  Ihe 
■MiBjr  ta  Ihrw*  taoraHlta  eharfaa,  ibal  Iba  day  allrr  iki  baiilc  Um  Uualaa  CotmH 
■pMi  ■rboiB  ItiU  dutj  IwA  tIriuJttd,  apfillnl  to  *a«baiicti  bit  eoBawMl  aail  go  lu 
}f par  To(k,  liviMii*  W  darvil  dm  trail  hU  r*||lwf>nt  afala  la  tmlilr,  hal  hb  Mrn  diaalil 
•boot  hlmfor  l»>t<iRra«*«IU»-mMuiaclilow.'*— |//M.  it.  I.,  ».,  f.  438.1  jLtmiM  am>  a 
eanAll  aail  thoroa^  atiHtrat  of  rvoanb  aad  uT  vttbal  hUliw;,  sail  aaa  dMIaiaUtinl  tat 
■Muwr.  II  a-iMld  iM  u  inwruubla  idantoB  apon  him  a#  aa  «MlMr,t»  Inilaiatc  thai 
Ih*  fcrajgolai  alaltawat  waa  made  arUKNil  arhal  ba  brJInril  lo  lie  aaBdcol  nldrncT  uf  ill 
aocffaiaaaa> 

JndK*  l>trft<-,  ttwaklaii  i>r  Uie  UtMP  ItalUe  anaa,  mju.  flvla«"mdlllMi"foratithorttr. 
"Tbrm  II  (*»■  ttia*  our  blark  rvftmanl,  wHh  Ihrlr  «irk*d  baU.  aod  hiapk  iilnain  li|'prd 
Willi  vkliv.  nwnl  with  i4i<W|CrI  bajoaei*  a*  a  *ln£l«-  uan,  iirloc  or  thrlev  ni*bri<l  mi  i1>«' 
baadMlfbrep  of  IkllUbaad  llcHUaB,akil  a*<inradravfl  Ulna  trom  Ihr  fround.'— { JTorjta, 
p.*»7.1 

Urn^ral  f^ultltan.  In  "afln  ontm.'  bwnad  tbs  daj'  Icllawhii  tbe  baiilr,  alladlox  to  a  rc- 
IRMt  III  rlreulallaa  oT  dIaaalMlM(loa  vMh  lb*  eaadatt  oT  tbr  tilack  (nKi|ia,  Myi  llial  Upfia 
lB'|ali7  of  llH^ur  Ward  and  other  ofltfYn  In  action  irtlb  llwiu,  *■  llit-rv  *•■■  uul  thp  Iraal 
fauMtaihxi  ferM-aniiv,' and  dial  twtiilnkt  iIimd -eatliltd  to  arr^)S*r  aharrof  tli«  honor 
of  ll«  .lay  "-^  n,  /./Hal.  TtmU.  Aa   tO.pp.  28.94.] 

Tlv  aitrmpi  liiralwlirnbtark  baiialiiriwla  Bhiidv  Inlaixl  ira*  laailc  »t  lb«  Initanm  of 
llrMrial  Varnum.  T*  litPDtrIf,  <'nlniirM'hrlat(iiilirr  lln-rar.  l.k'iitriiaiit-f'alaiu-l  Ji-rrtulnh 
OIbht,  aad  llajor  Aaianri  Want  wai  awlgBpil  Itib  ^atj.  TtiP  wqrl  oT  rvUlnfr  oat  mta 
taon  v<ruBi]iIl»lH<il.  Tbe  renrall*  *rm  dlvld^l  liilo  Tour  companlrr,  MininaD(l*d  rp'pcet- 
Hatji  by  Cafilataa  Kitrttrtet  n»tg,  KlUah  lx«l*,  11iuiDairi>)t  andJahii  llrxtrr.  Tlir  bat- 
faJlua  miiuImtviI.  laduillng  urfllccrt,  una  liaudr«l  aiiil  (>t|[lily-»t4>n  airn, — [Spirit  ti/ 'TS, 
jFp.  ISS'IBB.]  Ky  a  law  of  tiia  Urnrnti  AaaFtablr,  paMrtl  al  ihf  Ki-hraary  tr^tion,  1778, 
"atrry  Bhti>-lMi<U«1  nrt(ro<  ntiiJal<«  ar  Indlaa  inaa  riavc,"  was  antburliiil  ti>  i-ii11>(  In  Htlirr 
■if  Ihf  (■roballalloiK  prap<M«d  to  lir  ralaH."  f»H  )>astla^  aiii>>lpr  bcr-irr '(ilviiH  Chrldo. 
jittft  iim-iH>.  Ibcy  ii«'r«  to  b*  I nimrd lately  dlMliaricvd  rrfVm  tlir  •rrvlM  at  IbHr  iiiailm  or 
lalilrriMna  "and  )«  abaolutrlj'  I'llKK."  ft*  ibouKli  the]'  liail  iiFiar  bt-m  pncunibprpd  milh  any 
tlMof  •rr'liailcur  tlKn-r]r.—\fot.fttr-,t>M.,pp.t/SU,liSf>]  I'ruvUlou waaaltoaiatl'  Ittr 
OOtapriualliijillH'liuanrr*.  )D  Ih^  "BlMde  IsUnd  Iliiloriral  Trafls."  A'n.  10.  may  br  htb 
"Aa  acr>JUBl  <rt  Iha  Vr|ri>  t^laiav  Intlitnl  Into  tUv  t'lmdiicalal  llaltallon*  and  Id  trlwai 
||m7  dial  IWliiMB.  irlth  tirr  valudllan  at  Kach  hlaircand  Tiolm  (lli<-ii.  ITTH."  Tlir  valuation 
ranipsi  frutn  iJNI,  ■■  lu  llio  fOm*  vT  llultbt  (InrilDar,  ownnl  by  NIchnta*  iiHnlftr<r,  urKxHcr, 

Ui  £1:0),  Ilia  turn  it  wMcb  < 'ato  (irernn,  vwDFd  by  Hkt  ExccUvary  WilKam  t',t*tRt,  of 
ITaiaht.  «»•  mlard.  J'riiiiii*  llabrork,  of  Itiiphlailon.  I'rIioiK  Kliodini.  uf  fnuialun. 
fltUf  Kuilniaii,  of  Sfialli  KinxMuau,  t'rimii*  Itmwn,  of  Johnaton,  Jack  Uliilum,  uf 
nvrptn.  I'liotnai  LcriTotir.  of  lirUtol,  Wamn  Moton,  of  Wama,  yuary  ftw^nlny.  of 
I'mrrldpum.  and  Ihlriyula  nlhi-rr,  vrrr  >aliii«l  at  lb«  tame  ratra.  Cato  Vrmun.  uwui-d  by 
WUIIani  Vvrnon,  uf  N*«iii>rt,  «a«  taliiH  at  Xllil-laek  Crrrti*,  uf  Wantkli.  al  £0»; 
rit'^u-trr  (Jnty.  of  I.IIHp  Complon.  qi  JEIOU;  Botion  Wllboiir,  or  Lliili!  Comptan,  at  JCIIC; 
frhicp  Vaiiflban.  <>r  Kurtb  Klnf;«t«n-ci.iil  £11*;  and  Sigby  ThJIkiI,  of  PrurldrDCP.  alllM. 
tlanilUun  ■■■■  1«  fa»nr  of  raUfnit  k'lM  of  ni'Kruo*  at  lh«  apiiili,  on  tin-  Rhodi-  Iiloud 
plan,  111*  *!■'<•■  wcrii  nBRiinileil  by  tbc  Hder  I^nmia,  wbo  mu  rrady  to  tAkc  eommatid  of 
tilavk  fi'ttr*  wbi<n'  or|[BnlH>il.  "  If  w«  liad,"lic  arltvi,  "l^MV  anna  foi  1.000  *uc^  black 
in4M>  ai  I  c^iiM  i-r1t*t  In  Cnrolliui,  I  aliuulcl  have  no  ilonU  of  fucccaa  In  drltlng  the  HrltltJi 
mU  of  Virginia,  and  anhdulii|r  t^"'  I'lualda  before  Urn  *ai1  of  July."    Tlial  many  of  tlwr 


/ 


OUR  FBENCil  AM.1BR. 


87 


Of  Ihis  battle  and  its  results,  Gcuernl  Sullivan  thus  wrilcs 
to  Congress  from  Tiverton  umlcr  dutc  of  Au^wt  31  : 

"  Cpou  llie  Count  J}'E»Uioy^a  dndlnit  bliQ^elf  un<1«r  a  nDCMftity  of^tns 
to  Boseou  to  n'|>alr  tbc  low  ho  suKtuiiitttl  In  ilw  lute  ^»\n  of  wlml,  I  thought 
11  twfBt  to  carry  od  my  apiiroaclies  with  as  mnch  vigor  ub  po)«fclbl#  against 
Newport,  that  no  time  riil^^hl  be  lout  In  miikliia;  the  tituck  upon  ibv  rrturti 
of  hl&  (lc«t,  or  any  part  of  tt,  to  coopcralc  with  ti&.    I  bad  »eM  cxpressQS 

,  to  lite  Count  to  hUKtcii  htA  rctnrn,  whirh.  I  had  no  doubt,  wouhl  u  lesot 
bring  pari  of  bLi  Boct  to  us  in  «  few  dnys-    Our  batteries  played  upon  tho 

|.«iwmy»  worka,  far  acreral  floya,  with  apparent  good  sucre».4;  u  the 
enemy**  Are  Trom  the  oiitworka  vhlliiy  kicw  weaker,  and  tlicy  b«?gaii  to 
abandiii)  mkim'  of  those  oost  uki  and.  on  the  S'th,  vrc  foitud  tliey  bad  ro* 
moved  their  cannou  r>om  all  th**  iKitirorks  cftcept  one." 

"  The  town  of  Newport  Is  dcfbndcti  by  two  Jlocs,  supported  by  several 
rrdoiiblJ*  connccti-d  with  the  lines.  The  flrst  of  these  lluwi  extcnd-t  from 
a  lar^  pund,  called  K»ton  l\iud,  near  to  Tononiy  Utll,  and  then  tam« 


t>lB(k>  or  Uhodc  IiUnil  trlio  •»IlM*d  tn  thi>  Rrmjr  pnird  lo  be  goad  uildlcn,  tli«lr  RMird*, 
M  Akr  u  kiKi<rn,  >t)i>w.  ,\.ni«iij(  tti«  tacn  tflcvt^  by  tuloDcl  Itwtati  tbr  th«  caplmr*  of 
<>«'arnil  fn^ieort  rnu  Jack  Sbton.  Auatlwr  Mark,  liuy  Watnan.  M-rvMl  tn  iti«  up^ltloa 
■falDil  (Itwr^ln.  IThS.  Ifhaboil  S'nKliupwa*  M-nlaf  undrr  Cnkincl  CThrl*toph<rr  (incaaa 
ai  itic  ilin<>  or  hli  linwntt«I  death  nrar  llic  CrvtCD  ilvtr.  Hay  M,  17«I.  tlr  «a*  uk«a 
fprlMMtr  aiKlh<:]il  fin  mure  thui  Iwii  yran.  Bclplo  Brvwa,  orSoulh  KinRKlawii,  ith  ■ 
[draoimw  tn  the  ctunpany  oommaailrJ  b>  (.'^^platn  Jukn  llolOrti.  Ilv  utaa  1u  ili«  Oswrxo 
(vxiwdllloB.  CalT  runhirr  anil  Itkluml  <  oimu  wrrc  flfin  In  lUt  »aii>«eompanr-  Uriilol 
RlWilr*.  wnMt  byJosDpb  Itliodri.  Br  Ciniuion.  cnlUhxl  In  ('ulonrl  l'l>ri«tu|>lj)Nr  llfrrnc** 
battslluii.  Ilevs*  In  tti'PlMiKhtoii  Klxolc  lilaiid,  Auffux  ZU,  IHIt,  ai><l  »vn  til  at  th*  (li>pi 
tiT  Torkloa*!!,  wlu-n*  lir  lo«l  an  unii  ami  a  bf.  'rhmiian  llr«wii  «af  a  dnimmer,  aod  Jam** 
Dfiithrap  a  Bf*r,  In  ('B|ilalii  Kigali  Li>nii<'*  eamjiuny.  tihwrfo  riianijiILn  aud  I'rina-  Jltika 
w«n  dnmaipra,  and  Uato  Brawn  lifer.  In  4'Bi'ialii  Jolm  ».  Iiviipr*(  ounpanr.  Cnaar 
Sabtn,  <Mrn«l,  I  lliiiik,  b;  JaiiHi  Snbiii.  or  l*n»'iilninr,  «<ilUln]  nnd  •prvrd  niiilrr  Coload 
(tnmr.  Tli*  fiiltuwln^r  nHlm-viJ  fii«-(liiij)i- ro|>}' of  l>I*  ill*rliarj[i>  U  an  liunotaUc  latiiaa- 
aW  !•  hb  bniTuiT  and  Ihlelltr  u  a  •aMkr: 


hereof! 
imcat  of 


^v^,at***— -.^^^-•— »^ 


anil  in  Cipnin 
-  ■  Com  piny,  hiving  Tcrinl  dunao 
-f«*-'  ^'"B  'hf  T«fn  fc  which  he  *M 
en^ged,  KTwreby  di/tW^Kj  From  the  fiid  Rcgimeni. 
ia  which  we  tcmfy  ihai  he  biih  i^trtd  u  a  biire 
and  ftiihjjil  Soldier.     CWen  H    -^^ 


thi«  //^Dtj  o< 
R*{tftcTcd  ia  th. 


yrScc^vS'^ 


a  thj  Bjyki  of  the  Regiment.  ^^ 


^  :.     t..    •■  *>.     s.    i.f    urfi.  jiiii*  o:  iv,u(iii)|]    H!l.     Tnt-  hit-  y^*.'  at- 

i,j,.i      r       •■      i-.*i  fi:t'^-  li    Ukfii'         !  Ui  a>:>.'iflrt     IlU*    (^   DJitn     tuui    :.  iitutrttiT 

f  i.i-.  ■■•\.:.t  i.i.-  .1^'.  •-Ai'ititk-  Ituii.  :u>  ^^i  ii  iiM  loprli  -lu^  (if  tiif 
.(«_>  ;.!....  ^'.... I.- d  1^  .III';,  i«ai;i--fi  '.n  tic  >uu:l.u:  llf-  T:u:ruii::t  Iiy 
t^^t.  ••■     i<.~.'.     -'.^.:r  ;.u-  iiur   ■eruiiiia;^.-'    u-  \.  rviniiin:  r'ur'i  ■.-iiiuniniidt 

Iw'  r"''  "■'*  •-*'  u-'J'"*:'  iL-fiUilit'  ilt/uii:  '.■■•^'.i  r\iWr  i>l.  -lit  liLiTII.  TlMTt- 
^-    .    ;. j^y     f'    r'l.ull    «•»''».-  lU'tCnt^raet   lMflMe«l    :tn   lllic«    V  UICL  TVUiWT 

.,^,ff,jd'  -■.■..  t  .  '.  uvwfw^  liuuiitC  »iii» t  ul*.«ruijiV*:i^  vur^iiic  via.  wtirfa 
;•>  -«i..  «,-  Ts^«  mt  .'  iji.n  ■.iw»  iiiit  (ni'-iiCimw  L  :ii^:r 'jauiiiti.  ;-nii  ^iBir 
^^•^  fFi.-  ...t  -■  v-y.  '.-juui  '.\  m)  j;i««:  curjirist.  -.iif  iiit  Vitiiai'.Mn*. 
wj.^  i^v.-K'Vk-    ^<«*«-  paf-  v?  iL'i~  HftKi .  iiii':.  rV-UTi;;'-   tiut.  TvuuvvL  nir 

u-— i^-vJ  -  ..  <i..'..i.  ■uvli  '.luu.  Zuul  uT  '^»  «-li>_-U->  .  &^ii«vL  T*  I  &Ii^  liiTtV 
U..! ---•»•'.    ;  v'.vi  l^^.'.       1      'ni-    (.vv  f  bt.     "J?    ;**  rl.'.i-I'-'l.I     U'jL?>.  Ui^  i'lJlvT"  weTt 

i-j'.ri:  ■>!  .,v  t>-v'  '.  1.--VI  'ia*3*  <.  f';b!i't>lk^'.^fe.  kill  '.'.I*.  L;':'nitf;.>l jh  of 
v,^  w/.'*.  .■(  w*.  i.f^.si.  tflx'.  *  .'•.  «  F»r-ri.rj,".'t:afrii;  i.  rtriitrt  :!>t  emtj- 
#*/^  I  .-4.J  ..■'•«.•  ~^.  ^1.1  li.s.i.  a..  ttM;  li«»vi  kr*.i>.l-:«  liiKl  C^>^iJ  b»  >(4rMl 
f;y.^  .■^..  i.-.,j    ...-■/  «  ,.»iii-  pel '.J  »*«  ■,<■.»•.  ti'iti  to  stt  '.Irf-work*  :ii  repair 

•/^   ■:.•:  I.-,.':..  :l..  ;t    'u*;  in.oil-].  l-l  liifyM  Up  e'>Ui«  a'l'jilioa&l  ODe«.  Ulll  pOt 

.;.  u-ji^i  ••.;..  t  ■!.K  i.^MAir.t's  at  '1  tvtrii/^Jii  aii'i  UrisUiI.  M  ^rtrare  a  retrt-at  Id 

K^jtK  -A  U^'^.re.tj.      IlU  Liic  »[ti  «  r(|Uli':ll  H&a  Cliili::*],  ID  wllicb  it  WaS  DDIO- 

tUtwurfi  ■i'.i'.ni.iu'.-i  I'l  jtrti.'fSt'  i«>  tit-  wtTtli  <-ii(l  of  tbc  Island,  fortify  our 
uu*i|/,  R>.i.-'>ii.'  uta  t  ifUiit.ijiiiiiiti'iii  Miib  tlic  tualu,  and  b^ld  odf  gronotl  on 
Uit:  j«Ui.>i  (111  ■••:  t:i<iil>]  kiiuw  wlii'iliL-r  ttic  f  rencli  flevL  would  »ood  reton 

lit  liitC  kA.-taldlii-ti. 

"  tiu  lilt.  t.vi;iiiiit(  lit  llic  ^litti  Hc  lunvtrd,  with  our  stores  and  baggage, 
i4liji;ii  lid'l  tjni  lit:isii  (irfavltiuvly  »riil  furwaril.  and,  about  two  Id  tlie  morn- 
iti^,  Liitiiditiul  oil  butia'  Hill  with  uur  rljflit  extendloi;  to  the  west  road. 
jiiiil  lt:ti  i<i  Uiu  cMat  riJttdj  ilie  ritiiikliiK  ttud  covering  patties  still  farther 
tiiiviti'ilB  iiii:  MMiui,  till  riiilit  and  k-n.  uiiu  ri.-glmcnt  was  postvd  iu  a  re- 
ilijittji  iiiltiiiiuil  iitt'  tliu  iltflii  tiT  lliv  llrnl  line;  Colonel  Henry  B.  Llvlng- 
kiifU,  Hilii  a  li^jltl  t^»r|iB,  tiiiiialalliiy  of  t'uluuel  JurkHon'a  detacliment  and 
u  (iLldcLiix  111  liiiiii  Hid  Hiiii>,  nua  niallouiil  In  Hie  east  road.*  Another 
lit(iit  lAitii.-:  iiit>li:r  i:»iiiiiiHiiil  uf  i'ultinel  I^urouM,  Colonel  Fleury.  and 
U^O'"'  '  >ili»>i.  Maa  jiiiBtud  uii  Iht^  nest  road.  Tlu'se  corps  were  posted 
iiiuily  ti>iA:i:  luiliia  111  lYuut :  In  llie  rvur  of  llii'se  was  the  picket  of  the 

•  I  >>luutJ  il>  ui>  .Uck>iiu  wiM  IwTU  lu  Uoatua  la  17««,  Ur  watTMycmtlNnanlT  la  hi* 
lujuuirr,  11  -ii^J)  uUMslivd  lu  luitiiiu')  aiJtlra  hihI  tuuka  pwcuIUr prhle id  the  ilbdplinc 
oMi  uajiiiiji  .ipt^niiiiuA-  ul  Ilia  tir(|iiii«ul.  wbkli  MUi»i*trU  uT  about  fuur  IiiiihIrO  dmb.  i>B 
tlik  luili  Ul  Vujjuii,  WiV,  tu',  with  bii  ri^liairiit,  Uttt  truvltkaw  tu  Juin  thp  IViiub»ciM  Ex- 
(11,'JiLi'jii,  ±.i\  iiiuliviJ  Uoalwu  iu  l«i^ly-ftNu  buyr*.  I'uloocl  JMksoii  and  hb  aOnxn  wntu 
cuiiiiull>  ii.iii-.-.ii  ti>  ttiv  gt-uili-uH.-u  lit  tbc  twwu,  lAil  «ali!n>iBe<l  Id  defant  si*l«  at  tlw 
liuiicii  ul  '.'idpia  iJikviu.  Altvr  ItH:  luiauiKWMitUI  icx[iinl]thiii,  Culuoel  Joi^WQ  wilb  bid 
i>iuiiu.u><l  iiluiuLiJ  tu  fTuviUicuvK,  iuhI  tbettM  juiuvii  Waobinitt-ia  U  MorriMuwa.  Hi 
■iituit^  JLuiiiciivii  lU  I£Iim1*:  liluutl  iuhI  HI  ;Str)Bgll«til.  S.  J.  Ua  dieU  in  BootgD,  Juuiar?  4. 
law. 


OrR    FRENXn  AIXIES. 


89 


■rmjr.  comniandptl  bj  Ooloucl  Wado.  Thn  orifiny  bflvluj;  recclTCd  iiite'lH- 
[{eiicv  uf  <Mtr  inoirptiiL-nt ,  cxtnv  wot,  »*urlj'  in  lUi-  niornlnjj,  with  nearly  lliclr 
hIioIc  forcv.  In  two  coliituiis.  uilvaaccd  tn  the  two  rouds,  aiid  attacki.il  unr 
llsbt  corpK  TI117  mnctc  n  l>nivc  reslHUinoo.  ilimI  were  tiiJt)tiurLeii  Tor  Mime 
time  Ity  the  picket,  t  nrilPTvcl  a  rcgltnciit  Ia  Riiftport  Cnlonfl  Uvhi|^loii, 
Another  tn  support  Citlonel  iJiiireiM,  oikI.  nt  the  f>nin«  iliiio,  .sent  lliciu 
nntcrx  tn  rvllrr  to  tbu  main  army  in  tlic  be^t  order  they  could.  They  kept 
up  a  rrtrvntitiK  lire  upon  the  (-Tittmy,  and  rWir^.  In  excHlent  order,  to  the 
main  jirmjr.  Ttw  onviiiy  udtmirrd  on  oiir  Ivft  v«r.r  ilciir,  but  w^' re  rv 
pnhvil  hy  Ijcnenil  Ulovcr.  Then  they  reflreil  to  (Quaker  Hill-  The  lleH- 
rlnil  foliiiiiu  foniiud  on  it  ebain  of  bWU  ruindiie  iiorlhwunl  Tram  Quaker 
Hill.  Onr  army  was  dFAWii  up,  tlw  Hr^t  tine  In  rront  of  the  trorkn  on 
fintb'  Hill;  the  second  In  re^r  nr 
lli«  hill;  awl  ilii>  n.'!t«r>'e  near  n 
crrek  ntid  ni-<irly  lintr  ix  mllv  In  rcnr 
of  the  flmi  Iliiii  Tlitf  dlbUiiiw  be- 
twei>n  llioM' hllU  H  abont  <>n«- iniltt. 
The  groand  bi-twfcn  the  lilll-i  l> 
meaduw-laiid  I nLvrNper»>-d  with 
tnvn  and  atnall  copiie  or  wood. 

TIIK  BATTLK. 

"Tlir  enemy  begMii  a  cjniioniide 
apon  u»  about  iiluc  lu  the  mornius, 
vrlilcb  was  returned  with  duublv 
(brcc.  Sklrmhblnii  coiulniicd  tw- 
Ivrecn  the  ndvnncuJ  pni-tles  unill 
near  ten  o'clock,  n'hi.-ii  llie  eoetnj'x 
two  »blp«  of  witr  mill  nouh-  »innll 
•rined  \essvU  bnvlnji  unliicd  nnr 
rl|{l)l  flank  and   bcftnu    a    lire,   the 

emiray  lient   ihclr  wholw  force  tliut  vniMJtKt.  SATUAWiai.  WaI*. 

Way.   Aifl  eiHlcavored  to  turn   our 
right  nndc-r  cover  or  the  ».Mp's  Are. 

and  ^^  take  the  lulvaiiced  rwlouM  on  the  rl^lit.  They  «cr«  twice  driven 
Irngk  In  great  couAislon ;  but  a  thii^  trial  was  mode  with  grcaU'r  nniutwni 
and  wirh  more  rraolmliiii,  wUkh.  had  It  not  been  for  the  timely  nld  wnv 
flirwarl.  would  have  suceeeded.  A  obarp  conlesl  of  nearly  an  hour 
eii»u.tl.  In  which  the  cannon  from  both  nrnde",  plitcetl  on  the  hllli',  played 
bri-kly  In  Mipport  of  (li.tr  own  pany.  The  eneiUT  were  m  I.n«ih  routed, 
•ml  flwi.  in  great  co«ni*i.»u,  to  Ibe  hill  where  lllcy  llr»l  (i>rtn*d,  and  when! 
they  hud  arltllLTy  nn<l  "oine  work*  to  cover  ibeni ;  h«*lng  their  dead  and 
wounded,  in  considerable  nambent.  behind  them  It  was  Impos-ilblu  to 
n-i.-.-ruin  the  number  of  dwid  on  tb«  fleld.  »•  H  cnnld  not  Iw  approached 
hy  either  party  without  belna  exposed  to  the  caiiimn of  tlw»  other  army. 
Our  |iuity  rewivered  about  twenty  of  their  woonded,  and  look  Dearly  sixty 

IS 


OUR  FRENCH  AIXIBS. 


91 


If  not  superior,  1a  ourti.  Not  more  limn  (inecn  handred  of  my 
troopei  hart  ever  bwii  in  nrtion  tn-rorc.  1  pIioiiM  Uefore  hnvf  token  posMfi- 
alon  of  tbv  hill  tii4.>y  occiipk-d,  and  f<in\tivt\  It ;  liiil  li  la  no  <l«ri-nct>  at^ttliiHt 
Hii  rtMtiiy  coiiiUi;^  rmm  tti«  hoiiIIj  piirt  of  ilit-  i»liititl,  tli'Migh  •■xri.'vdtutjly 
good  RgaltiBl  one  udvnnclnif  frum  ilic  nurtik  end  tuwunlii  tlii^  town,  and 
hiid  been  foriidcd  by  the  enemy  for  that  purpose. 

OOOD  OOSDUCT  or  TUB  TROOPS. 

**  I  bare  the  piMunm  to  Inform  Con^r<>Ji.s  Ihnt  no  tronpH  r.nald  possibly 
iihow  noru  spirit  llinn  tbO:«e  of  oiir^  »hii-h  itrrc  rntciKi-*!-  <'oI<>ncl  I.lv- 
lUfCvtoii,  nml  nil  t1i«  ofllcem  of  tW  li^lit  eurpw,  lH-tuiv<nl  ttlth  rcniarksUe 
uplrlt.  C'<>li>ni-I>i  l.atirctiH.  Fli'iity,  ninl  Mnjur  Tidhol,  nllh  tliv  oflln^rM  of 
tluU  coriw,  bvhuvixl  with  great  galliiiitry.     Tlic  hrl::iidve  of  llie  flr^t  line  — 

Variiunrs."  OIovit's.  Oiirm-U's.  nnd 
Greene's  —  bdiaved  wllh  yrent  Brm- 
iH'ni.      MtiJor-OvHTtil  tirveiK,  who 


|^i^_^£3 


ciimniBndeil    In   the    attgiclc  on    the 
rltflit.dld  1i!iu»e)rtbe  hlKliect  honor, 
by  tbeJudKuiciK  and  bravery  exhibited  In  the  aeiiou.    One  brifiudi.*  only 

■  JmnMv  31.  V»niitM  vm  liorii  In  Dnuiit,  Mm*.,  In  Ki*.  Up  FiXiTtHi  tthoitp  I*I»h4  Cut* 
ksr,  ilKiii'vatpil  it]  Worrm,  «n>1  gmdiiitrd  wIllLth*  hiKhul  honuriuf  lilkcbiu.  i  ili<  ilrat 

Willi  •tilcli  fhr  aiUt-Kr  u|irimlj  In  I7A1I.  Fur  *  >liiiii  p<-ri'Hl  I>F'  Ii(-|i1  >  rlaialcal  ■rlioot,  aild 
ihvii  Miiilliil  Ihw  will)  oHmt  .^niil'l.  AIInnii7><>pn*-nJ  nf  iIjc  Culunr.  In  1771  !»■  hma 
WimltlKl  In  Till-  bar,  niiil  H-ltli-d  nl  V'M't  I irrciiVrli*li,  nltrrr-  hi-  at  once,  rnlrtvil  ilpnii  ail 
(?Kt*lk>Kr   jirarlkr.     Illi    r»ri-iiaJi'    [HiMPn   ipii'i-   lilin   )['"><    |ii|iiilH.Tll)r   In   liU  iirufi-inioo. 

11w«r  k'tfT  <Jl-jilitv*l  uii  nuiDy  utvailond  Hlih  niarki-<i  Firt«i,  aual  ('ftirclallT  in  l^\  lo  Tbc 
OtivbtalMl  lii*l  »r  Tti-Mii(l  *■.  WifNlvn,  uiiilng  Tfuin  Hiv  lallci  (a  tnitvlirr  uf  \virporl; 
rvAudnji  lu  novKp  tli«  (lapcr  lUvDPf  ImicIi^i«4  Ulm  In  pajoM'nt  fur  iiiral  purHiMvd bj'  lb* 

Mr.  VarBitiB  hat\  a  lute  Rir  mllltarf  Illc  iinilr«rljr)i>iiip<l  llir  "KwiiUli  Ouarrt'."  afoblcli 
vnin|iaiif  hi-  wn*  ■|i]>ulii(ct1  Uonintanilt'r  In  im.  ifiMin  Hftcr  llir  funimcncrincnt  ttf  liualill- 
llM  wltk  Die  llnollii-r  riiuutry,  lir  wiu  k|>|ii.IiiIi-iI  ('(iliiiii'l  <if  llir  flr<t  ItlKuk-  t'laml  rrxl. 
intfitl,  >iul  HibHi|Bi'nllf  |iul  am  llir  nmiliu'iiiiil  iitalitlaliiiu-ii!.  In  1777  W  wm  mail*  n 
ltrt|n>ll"'*'l<'U<'r«l,  mn*  iIHupIiimI  io  Knl  [Iniik,  and  iviiiiMiiiiMi*!  nil  I  he  in>u|i>  iiu  llii<  Jrr- 
tuj  liilc  »r  llir  IH'lax'U'i-.  M'lu-ii  I lir  Urlti*!!  aihI  llr-a>lMii*  (•t»li  Ihiim-uIhii  it(  i'liliiulrlplil*. 
I'ndrr  iiiii  (tlFi-rilriii  Mujur  Ttidvrr  iiiiili-  iW  (lallaiil  iWi'iiiv  i>r  Kill  MllTlin,  fiit  'iilikti  (.'an- 
fFwM,  ItiruuHli  n  niti.ipjiirhtiiiil'Hi  vt  tlie  rarr,  prvtcnim]  ■  >»-iir<)  ti  <'utiiiitl  ?<ui[lh,  whu 
IuhI  irlllHixUlii'il  llir  rriiuiiiRtitl  tim  ilny  t>i-liirr  111*?'  >lliu?li.  Iii  17r<Ht  lilt-  (triicrnl  wrulc  a  Irl. 
Irf  rrhuliiji  ntl  th*  rimiii>ils»i-r«  at  (III-  'li-rciiT,  uriil  iliowliix  Ihr  liOiiillit'  itonr  lu  Mh)»T 
TImypr  ti*  Ih-bIowIhk  iipmi  (  .ilonri  ^^>lth  llir  Inmorilnf'  toliiiii.  Uciifrnl  Vaniiim  ■j-pbI  tlie 
wlnlCT-  villi  Waililiif^un  al  Viilirr  I'ur^v.  anil  tliun^  In  ibi'  iJUln-Mi-«  uf  tlul  Imiblv  •»■■ 
MM.  Ilv  1">ik  |«ri  In  Dir  liaiili,-  at  Jloniu'rulli,  -lime  -J!>,  177>'.  Ill*  vHiiiBbl*  xn leci  anitrr 
hiillivKii  Ik  [tliiHti-  IxUnil  eiair  «]ri-»<lr  tn-m  iinilrrd.  In  177V  lir  rnlKiinl  111*  ruinuihalUB 
In  Ihr  BrBir,  niiH  In  S(ii<,»ri)ic  mnii-  }t-ar.  ill*  Ornrnil  A>«-i>ibli  or  KImkIi-  lalaoil  i-bdm] 
bim  U^jur-UrnprBl  i>r  tti*  Mate  mlttllB.  In  i:>0  he  nat  rli«i<>(l  a  tltlt^lv  to  Ihc  Conft^ 
rraJnl  t.^in^raa.     In  IT''  bi-  wa>  acaln  cliwliil  in  llir  aaiiir  p(ii>illc>a. 

AHcr  liiir  liar,  l^conral  Varniiin  nTiurni<il  in  IW  jirartli^  of  Iliv  law  In  EaM  (JTPCawlch, 
with  Inrrrailnf  rrpiilalliHi.  aiwl  iliiirii'iiMl  llx-  quMllua*  of  iM|>rr  nioai-].  IniLalliin,  l^tv.,  la 
Ibi-  (luMlr  pa[a-r*  awl  H*ri>lirn-,  hKI)  jcrml  'Ijcir,  wlitdi  illiI  iiiuirh  t-u  iiiiiiild  |iii|iular  ir\Au. 
loa.  la  17^7  ■>■■  IwmiiM'  liit<-m[*<)  In  Itic  ('[wrMlaaa  uf  l>ip  'ililu  Lun'l  <.'uni|>an>.  and  woa 
Aawn  a  'lirtfiiK-.  In  iTi^H,  havlttit  bMii  niitMintcil  uiip  of  ilii-  Juil^ca  uf  tlip  Suprruir 
t^ourtof  iIm-  Nurtliwvil  Tnrttun,  >>"  '"n  Tih  Imtnti  In  Rliuda  lalaii-l  (or  Marii'lla.     IIU 


9S  RHODE  ISLAyX>  TV  THE  BEVOLUTfOK. 

of  tW  M<ooad  On*  w-M  broocht  to  sclfon.  connmiideO  by  Bti)e>dlcr-G«>- 
cnl  Lon-a.  He,  »m\  fc(s  Mj^c  uf  mUitia,  bch*(cd  wttli  ffrrAt  rvM>lii* 
tioB.  Caloarl  CnM  and  the  odleen)  of  tbe  anillcfT  dracrrc  the  lilshnl 
piitM  I  Incluw  Cbagfua  «  mnrn  of  ibe  UUrrt,  wuoiiJetl  md  nlwlnf 
«■  mm  «Me :  bmI  beg  le«ir«  lo  AsMirc  tbcm.  Unt.  fhna  ».*  own  obnrra- 
ttos.  tke-  cArwj^  loM  inB>l  be  inuch  int«ler.  thir  army  rKlrvtl  to  r«mp 
■Act  tW  actioa ;  tW  cvenij  enplojcd   tb«a»<4rn>,  tfaroa|^  the  ni^hl.  In 

•*b  Oe  ■■f»M  or  Ike  90th  I   Roelt-cd  k  1«uer  ttom  llh  EnrilcDrjr 

GcMff«l  Wk^^tBgloB.  flrius  me  nottoe  tint  Lunl  Howe  htnl  KSiia  r-BDed 
wHk  the  fltvt:  and  »««lTla{:  tiii*-nig«nc».  at  the  same  Unc,  Uui  a  flurt 
WW  iiff  Block  lolaoil.  aotl  alto  a  iKter  fW>n  Bontoo,  lalbrmllis  "**  ^*' 
tka  CooM  H'Cataing  roulil  out  come  tuaul  ao  mmo  b>  I  eiprclnl.  a  council 
mwt  eriM,  sad  a*  tra  coald  hav«  no  proupcrt  of  ayrraUi>s  asnl><»i  N'«w> 
pOTtwIlk  vacocas  without  the  asslstaim  of  a  Acet.  It  was  uoantaioittljr 
■find  CD  quit  the  Uaad  anUI  the  retora  of  the  French  Miaadron.t 

Tas  urniKaT. 

'■  To  make  a  rrircat  Id  tho  Aicv  of  an  ewnny,  fqwnl,  if  not  noperior,  tn 
nambcr.  and  eiont  a  river,  wlthoal  lo^m  I  karw  was  ao  ardooos  ta»k,  auil 
scliloiB  aceoapI'vlK'd  ir  attcnplcil     A9  oar  i«Btrfe»  wen  within  two  has- 

lw«tM  *H  tlw»4w4M^.  Mri  lar  tb«  omAm  of  U*  n^aMaa  *«iU<»>>wan.  «til>  » 
rtvo  «r  MsOUag  k  IW  fhaa  -lb*  ■«(.'  bb.*  W  wyw*4  •>  lb*  pru  afatakr  ■.'  t,'a  Eft-. 
TlwOwMldna  Amb  iW «aMlhn«  of  «  X««  K>|W«1  hnaw  m  tb»»nio«wiod  dn«*<>- 
ttWM  «r  a  piBWTTt  Ufr  «••  too  rxirrow  hir  imm>  »i*»Mra hf  Aimt.  «»a tbr  ttmrth of 
JalyalWr  bl»  arrttal  m  MmMi*  bn.  bi  frq«n4.  AMi^wJ  ■  briiranilM,  irft>4m  mtA 
"  ■w»T  hMMtlM  bMb  la  anflMrM  Mai  lM^a<^~  vkMl  «a«  rvMiabnl  ai  Nf«  pact,  br 
•tdlT  offb*  AnMwn  wa  afMb  flftbr  itbla  iMia  l>M^M}.  Hb  laxiaUirart  «U 
•>if«l^atn«ti  »lThtb>l»4iuwairannftr«ar'.  HvriMtbp*^  frSpwl«,JaMnf7  t^ 
tHK  M  ibr  vr  >«  (ixfr  ;t«r«.  aad  <»••  bar«r4  wfib  ■■nBf>'  b«Mn.  ■■  Tillib  acMalw  aa 
^f  B|Mtofti  ot^tka  »«•  iMltMT^  t>«  tV.  S*lww«  ttawwwi.  ai»  Mnn-  *»  vrimbirt 
Mi£  -nuuttPOPfBl  ¥■**■■!■*■  abM- «4Mkar,fb«bawa»a|a«b«aata>r(T,  Owl  be 
««>  •■  atw»t*l*bwl  iiaUiiaan.  aol  tbai  b*  wa«  a>  Ullfcai  aa  anNe  m  lb*  atfr  a*  •■»»• 
tr|  piifci  I  «.  Biv  hrl*  nCahHAnl  bf  tmtiwtamf  dM  <bv^  >M  baiv  (be  tnM  af  a  *imht-' 
la  Mirir  M- b*  M.trvil  HaRbia,  tb«  («4Mt  AMlbHT  art^Marl  (iMkL  of  Wm«ik  K.  t,  «b» 
Hn1ralMHllHir<«<|bi}nMn,afi4  A(>rf  ■■  lirt>t>>t.  miUMiM  i.—.^<jhmIh  tB.KV.allh* 
aivaan^  ipi  ttt  Hgtitr.<%bi  *■•?«. 

Tbb  afeMra  of  iM«ml  VaniMN  bat  bvra  la  part  mwihwui  B«a  l>Ma^  -Ncwoh*  af 
lb*  KbMir  Idaa-l  IIm.' 

ThK  twtnit  »r  (.xnml  Vwaniw  ami  oo  raa*  M,  (oHiri  »««  a  ilalHaHi  lalaiii 
na  Iron .  »•  xMiUaiM  Wv  t»*  |MMT*m  "««>  Hm-  mtw.  *  pKulnMa  af  artMrf.  (toa^h 
ll«ir:>  Tbatn  IVn.tws  K.q^  IVnhlMl  of  ibr  X«^  V*Hi  TimtMmt  la— aaw    -      .1    . 
Pin«  ttw  kMo  or  rhr  nvnl  ftvM  «bl)hlb*facni>lat  atoww^ayb^  tat  pantaa  t»  ^afc.  I 
aai  la>Mrt«^  l«»a.  nMirt**i  rf  !!««»)■  i;  l^rww.  M.  IV.  rf  Nm^m*. 

IHm  Muna  ralM^I  miihI  of  IW  aM«Mi«blna.  a*4  wwiHwi  mov  w^it^  T»«iM  iha 
««M>  ih«.  riMitd.  ■**,«  itH<Moa4  nnrbtrrt.  ft»Kaai*.»  m  tea4  la  r»*»i*rOc».  w«r 
innwair  Rwaantrd,  and  alnwl  tbtw  buMlMI  fimwAa  t4  fMnkr,  ••  ttai  dw  mm*  cavM 
tb»a  «anil«.  «*r<<  >i«lrilv  wnW  hii  um  rariiMi**'  <i«*wal  UaMlk  ivaa  ir|alitllio.  ttr- 
"wadrt  NO  tamlf  «r  pninAM  aat  a  imall  ifaaaiiii  .y  ntirMgH  At  laih  H^  ab«oi  hdt 
aiMarpao«w«atbiihaMlU,bat  aui  n>»tt»«Ur  Arr  iwa*«. 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


08 


dmt  ranis  of  «Rcli  ntlior,  1  knnw  It  would  rwialn  cho  |{r»«UF4t  cnre  and 
atU-ntlon.  To  cover  my  deslKU  from  ihe  «ii«my.  I  ordered  n  nqnibcr  o( 
tcnU  lo  lie  broutflit  forwurtl  »ii<l  pKcliril  la  »\i!hi  of  tliv  dii'iiiy.  niMl 
■ImoHl  the  whole  army  tr>  cciipl'iy  thriTiHt-Ues  In  foriifyiiig  ilia  rninp.  Tito 
h«avy  liHjf^ec  and  stun-.t  were  rnllln:;  tinrfe  i^nil  rms^iiij;  itirriDsli  Lho  (lay ; 
nt  ilArk  till.'  tcn^t  witc  xtriick.  nnd  ttii>  D^lil  hfl^iiai^c  ntiil  1rot>[M  passed 
down:  ami.  before  tiveUe  o'clock,  Ihe  main  army  bad  croMsed,  with  ttie 
atorvit  and  h.-mfCU'-*-  '''^  Mnrqidx  d«<  LaTayvtle  arrived  a>>uiit  i'leveii  In 
Uic  ereidnc  IVom  Buaton;  wliervlie  liad  be<?n,  by  reqoef  l  of  tlie  ffcneral 
offlcen*.  to  solicit  tlie  speedy  return  of  tlic  fleet.  He  ivns  &en»il>ty  niortl- 
neil  tliiit  he  woa  out  of  aciliin;  and,  that  lie  lulfcht  iioL  Im:  otil  uf  the  way 
In  coi'v  of  DL-Llun,  he  had  ridden  hi-nce  to  iloeton  In  ser^-ii  lioiim,  and  re- 
turned In  •>tx  nnd  a  linir,—  the  dlMaiice  nearly  A«vt:nty  miles.  He  reiiirnnl 
In  time  eiioinjh  lo  bring  off  the  picliet-i  nnd  other  partica  whk'h  covered 
tlif>  retrent  of  the  nripjy,  whUh  liv  did  \u  ciceliciit  order:  not  a  tn&n  wu 
loft  t>cltlnil,  nor  the  sniullest  nrtleic  lust. 

>*  1  hope  my  conduct  throi);;1i  tliis  expedition  may  merit  the  approbation 
of  Conj^rvsH.  Major  MorrN.  one  of  my  nldn.  will  have  the  honor  of  deliv- 
ering this  to  Vour  Excellency.  I  muit  l»e*  I«ive  in  reconimend  him  U 
ConiereNa  ax  nn  offlrer  nho,  in  tb<-  hot  an  well  an  Mcvrml  other  iictloiui, baa 
iM-hared  with  great  spirit  nnd  gw>t\  cmidnct :  and  doiil>t  not  C'ongrcaa  will 
tiikc  auch  nollc«  of  tjlm  n<  his  Innii  iiervlce  nnd  -ipirlled  conduct  denenres. 

V.  a.  -  The  vrtut  bus  proved  how  llinely  my  retreni  took  place,  as  one 
linndred  ^uU  uf  tlie  iiieiiiy'H  ^hlpH  arrived  In  Ihe  harbor  on  the  morning 
after  liic  retreat.  [  fhoiild  do  thf;  hli^hext  Injnstkc  if  1  uc-^tecieti  to  men- 
tion that  Brt^adier-Oeiieral  ('orntdl'M  IUtlL-ratl;;able  indnitry  in  pn-parhig  for 
the  eipmlltioo.  and  hix  gOini  i-onducl  llir<HiKh  the  whiile.  merit  partlenlai 
notice.  M^or  Talbot,  who  aa>4i»t*i|  In  prepnrinR  the  boata,  and  aAei^ 
wardfl  acrved  In  Colonel  Lnaren'a  cor|>9,  deservva  great  praise." 

*  Racktpl  ComHI  na*  born  In  t'rIliMli'.  It.  1..  mnS  lircmtnr  >  {"^■"'■■''nl  artor  Id  t)ir  in-nFa 
uf  lltp  Krii>tulluu.  Ill  ITTJ  In-  "m  bij|"iIii1«I  l.lrult-nBiiM'oIunH  In  ("olonH  lMiil*l  Hlldi' 
eoek'fl  ti'KliurnI  In  Uir  ''amy  ft  uliMcrvallun."  Ur  nru  iruuir  HttiMltrrt.ii'UfrBl  uf  Iho 
KtM*  lnin]M  bjr  th*  lipui-T>l  .\ur1nhJ7,  •nil  <ih<iwi-(l  nilttinitr  vnngj  biiiI  ablllrx  vrhrivvFr 
hi*  H-rtln-*  Wfrfmllfil  Inln  rrijuldil'iii.  'Hkiit  uhw  urvnl  iiriitiT  lilin  rpi.'kt  vt  lilM  a*  ■ 
IMiu  "f  (oM  ■•imiiiiiin  •rnv.  nml,  ili-llbenlr,  awl  ■  tlii>n>iij(1i  ■llM-lpllMarlali.  IIU  w**ieea 
watv  uf  jtn-at  falMi'  wtillr  Ihi- llrtlbh  Iwlil  |>a*>n>l'in  cif  \f«|i<iil  ami  »f  rW  I'lniiil,  RU 
brticail*.  uilrraMTvlrroTilim'  yramaiid  llirvr  iiiunlli',  wat  ill'liaiwlc^  Marcli  li>.  17W.  I>n 
retlrina  fVani  Ikr  anny  llr  nrnm  rlrrtril  a  nwuilH-r  i4  i'tmtrttm.  anil  In  ihiil  boOj  licM  lh» 
Impnnanl  niHl  rv*|>uaill<|f  jaialtlMii  nf  f  hair  own  of  lhi>  ralllrarr  cutnmllm-,  ihn  aitluoina 
dNlli-*«ir«(>lcli<>ni<«hi"ll>rl>arx<il  wIlhirnM  MMly.  ttt  iiai*itannfrlFud  l»llir«MiM 
ufi'duaillon.anil'irai  flilcH;  liitlruiucnial  In  r>taU[atiiMg  ■  public  Jlbnuf  In  Mi-hoMo.  Ilia 
doflncyan  foxnil  lilin  cayiiitnl  Ix  (be  ruliJiatlMi  uf  ia«  larm.  la  lkr«  ttc  wa*  Bwcti  r*- 
•IpMtad.  «mI  la  ilnttti  h«  was  Oi^pXy  l/uaentmi. 


i^r? 


RHODR   ISI.AXD  TW  THB    BEVOLLTIOK. 


A   SECOND   DISAPPOIXTMKNT. 

WASIIINGTOS.  mtKEXE  AS1>  CONUKKSS  AI'I'BOVE  THB  RE- 
TBEAT.  ~I>"E8TAl>*C  DISTniBEP.  — BESOMTK>N.S  OF  CON- 
rjRESS  IS  HIS  FA VOB.— CONCILIATORY  LETTEIW.- ]>'ES- 
TAISG-8  LETTEB.— H.\RMOyy  RESTORED.- ISCIDEXTS  OF 
THE  WAR. 

WTlHE  manner  in  which  tins  second  pxi)c<lilicni  tormmatod 
^^  was  a  deeper  tlisapiKtiiitiiieut  lo  maay  who  had  I»een 
san^iinc  uF  its  auvccss  thnn  evea  Spcncci's  failure.  Cea- 
(wre  was  open  mouthi-d.  Cnticisms,  not  wnrrante*!  liy  n 
dispnssioniite  ivvit-wof  cventfi,  were  loud  and  <xjndeninntor.v. 
Ihit  for  th*»  frtUuro  of  ii  ivell-ilevised  campttiorn  the  com- 
ninndcr-iii-chief  ctHild  not  fairly  I»e  held  re«poii»ible.  The 
elements  and  niititarv  rifi'iimslJim-cs  i-iiuld  not  Iw  siihordi- 
mited,  and  wiihOniwal  from  the  ishmd  l>oc,ime  the  di<"tato  of 
wise  generalship.  M'ushin^OD  bo  viewed  it,  und  in  words 
of  commendaliou  appixived  the  act.  Congress  sunctinncd  it 
hy  a  vote  of  thanks  to  the  Genenil  and  his  anuy  for  gal- 
lantry in  the  field,  and  for  skill  dii^played  in  the  retreat,* 

■  1W  mulullaiw,  paaanl  bj  Camfnt.  Srfil<-wlirr !),  im%  wvra  k<  folliiii : 

•*  JXwftwt^'Hmt  tli>  Wtift  wJo  by  li>>of.<ifiwr«l  Sullhrno.  wllh  riM- trnnp*  nnif-r  U( 
inaiMaail  ftnii  ghnili  lili»ft.  iTHiiniilint  llmiljiinl  •rtll  eowSBrlT*!,  ami  tlwi  I'oojcnM 
lltillltjr  apprOTp  nf  llw  raair. 

"  ItfolttU,  lliat  ilw  iliMk*  of  OanitrM*  bf  iflnm  ia  MMsr-Oencral  ^allhwi.  and  le  uw 
«!■(•>■  aod  rnHi|>*  ai>4Fr  hU  cwMOUnl.  Tar  ihrir  Ibrtltailc  mad  bnirrjr  dt>[]|ayt4  lu  llir 
•ellimofAapi't  »lli,  (n  wMelt  llirf  ivprlliil  ihr  Urillih  ftim>« anil  maJnlalnnl  the  OpM. 

"  AcvijfrdJ,  Tlial  (  onerr**  ha*v  k  bijili  trtiar  at  llw  palTlollc«ai-r1ioiu  wadt  br  lJi«roDr 
KaMrrii  *i»li->  •iii  tlir  Ih1*>  rX|ipdllloii  apiliiKl  Ithude  lilaud. 

"  Kftoirtfl,  I'hal  Hit  Kxivllrnt-r  I'uatit  I'tCiialnK  luKh  bctiatrd  a*a  trnvv  and  wltvofn- 
«vr.  and  itmt  lit*  llnn-ltriiL'T  and  llw  olAcrr*  and  aim  iiiuler  bU  cnmnMMd  Imt«  rrbikTvd 
nrry  brarilt  in  thrip  Si  ale*  which  thr  rlrcunxtanrv*  behI  aatun-  ortha  awttea  «auhl 
■dwll  of,  awl  arc  ttiUj  pnllrM  tv  Ihn  nvanl*  vT  thr  fVlciKl*  of  AinrrKa.'* 

TIiIrUM  rpMiliillon  vran  ardirril  rii  hr  InuiMalllnl  by  lh«  l*>T>t<lrUJ  tollic  Arimlrst,  lilth 
amnruirr*  "ituit  I'linKivii  <>n)>>nalut  thr  hl)[ltr*t  K'lit*  of  bU  Bml  aiid  aitariiiupur,  nwnl- 
fMtcd  in  rrpfali^  lit«1«n(vf,  aiMl  (■•jitvliillr  <»  lit)  TlrliiHl  vllH  to  I*mI  Ibe  Iroopt  uadf  bl* 
commaiMl  trout  Ihifiioo  and  lo  oo4it»mlv  ajn^lu*!  Khodc  Inland."  It  will  be  borae  In  nlod 
tlMl  lUa  oRr  amw  lou  lata  l«  Iw  »f  tenrlo*. 


OUR  FKFNCil  ALLIES. 


&5 


General  Greene  nUo  wrote  a  very  earnest  letter  to  an  influ- 
entiiit  geiitk>miin  in  I'mviiicnce,  vindic-ating  the  I'xpodifion 
as  Iinviii»  been  "prudently  eoneerted  and  honnnil>Iy  and 
faithfully  executed."  The  retreat  "wiis  a  neeessity  growing 
out  of  nnforeitecn  enitse^. 

"Our  numbcrfl,"  Gr«eiic  na/ti,  "al  the  tlinc  we  left  the  «ncmy'M  llii<-s. 
were  not  inijcli  NDpv^rlor  to  the  ({iirr)»oi).  W«  korw  Ibi-y  txpcctFtl  b  rwo- 
forreHiGiit  hwirly.  Hud  nny  coustdenit)le  Torce  arrived  tin;  olghl  we 
relrwited,  lauileii  mid  iiinrtiliuil  out  with  itic  nM  i^iirrifon,  we  tshuuld  bare 
mot  Willi  «  ilrronc.  Tbt'  stnnlhicfls  of  our  tiiinibera,  the  rtlsplrlifd  Btato  alt 
iruops  arc  In  on  a  reirpal..  t();;ct.h?r  with  Ihp  proh«blllty  of  iho  ffiKrnjr** 
having  rcreivi.-d  n.-«iilV>rciMiK>ntK,  4letcrni1i)c-d  tbe  ijDncral  nut  to  rink  u  geii' 
■eral  uction,  when  [ii>  mb,h  Mir«  wf  no  oth(iiitni:e  in  a  parilnl  uiie;  »uil  by 
riaktiig  n  siMHTUl  oiiv  he  cxim^t^d  Ihc  wliolu  at  the  troupa  to  certiilu  ruin. 
"  I  bXTo  seen  US  iiiucb  scnke  ulmnnt  ns  nny  iiinti  Ui  tlic  American  army, 
jiuiU  IiavR  been  In  n»  many  or  more  aetlon»  llinn  nny  one.  I  hnoir  the 
character  of  oil  our  |;enerul  otQcera  an  wi-ll  as  any  one;  and  If  I  am  any 
Jodgc  ttu>  cx[)i-(liilon  has  been  prmkiitly  itinl  vreU'c«ndnct«(l,  nnd  I  nm 
conflilfiil  tlicre  Is  n<»l  a  Reneral  ofUcor.  from  tbf  t'onimander-ln-Cblef  lo 
theyouiiKMi  li)  tlic  l^clil,  ihsi  uoiilil  li»vv  Kune  Krenler  Umiitbs.  ty  liaTtt 
Siveii  euccvss  Lu  iIil'  i-xpvdktlun,  thaii  GiMiural  Sulllvno.  lie  Ic  svn«ib1e. 
active,  anihttloiis,  brave  nixl  pcrxrvcrliii;  In  IiIh  tamper;  ami  tliw  object 
niu  aitfflcif^nily  Imporiftnt  to  moke  blm  despise  every  cllfltciiUy  oppo.ied  to 
hiA  anrrewi,  n»  (itr  as  hi*  wiw  iit  librrly  to  coimidt  hlo  own  n-|)ti  tit  lion :  but 
Ibe  piibltr  Koot)  \<i  of  higher  Importsncv  Ibati  pemonnl  glory,  and  the  one 
U  not  u>  \jv  ({nitlilvd  at  lliv  risk  ami  v&p«i)Ke  of  tbe  otber. 

'*  Fvopk  from  cvnsnltiDft  tholr  wUlirs  mtlier  limn  tli«lr  rvOHon,  and  by 

I  Ibrtntnf;  u  character  of  the  (iplrlt  and  flrmnesa  of  Irregular  tniops,  more 

trrom  general  orders  Aoundta^;  their  pml^e,  than  nrom  any  pnrtlcalar  kttoif  1- 

^Uyt  of  their  conduct,  are  led  to  cspcf  t  more  from  snch  troops  than  i«  in 

the  potver  of  Any  |«rMMi  to  i-tTiTt  witb  them." 


Whatever  duuhts  may  luivu  i>efn  mitred  (.-unceniing  the 
real  ohjoct  of  Spencer's  expedition,  there  can  be  none  in 
the  minds  nf  hii^torians  in  regard  to  this  second  expettition 
under  SnUivaii.  It  curried  on  its  tiw-o  an  ohvions  desijjn, — 
the  capture  o(  the  HritisU  army  at  Xewport,  or  ita  expulsion 
from  tbe  iehind.  Had  it  not  lieen  for  the  disastrous  effect  of 
the  storm  niK>n  the  fleet  of  D'Kstaing,  Iicforc  mentioned, 
which  eiit  ofl"  neces.i*ary  naval  tOH>peralion,  and  loft  Xarra- 
gansctt  and  Mount  Hope  Bays  in  control  of  tlie  enemy's  war 


OUR  FREyCH  ALLIES. 


97 


ID  a  geiienil  nrdpr  ii>Hited  after  the  fleet  left  tlmt  the  Admiral 
felt  to  be  unjust  in  their  application  to  hinvself,  and  which 


Ui>B  lutijKl  ■  (vnlle^MK  of  }{««pott,  dbllnipiUhnl  fbr  lilrtoricnl  rvw-Rrvh  >nd  Ibr  AunlliBr- 
tly  «llh  tlw  hblorr  oT  tha  lalBDd  durlnjt  the  K«volutIoD,  Ibu*  wrllo: 

"  .\KwronT,  April  S,  IWl, 

"XT  tncAn  Ub.  [FKANi'lh)  Hl!lN1.PV:— T  liaif  Just  rifrUrd  >nur  natr  (WBlrlnrloknow 
IhvlootlUiM  oT  1b<>  IiouH  uirii)>fiil  ti;  Mr.  Hrliilrf  during  llir  Urvuluiluiiarx  wiu.  Hud  nt>n 
whkh  •  tlv<M  or  ili«  bulik'  uf  the  ilrita  wiu  flven  Id  udc  of  itic  Tulimico  »T  ili«  Genlle- 
nun't  Mifiullw.    ThM  tlrw  ran  be  nbrptnnl  oT  Ur.  Wllllania,  Itir  filiolaKraphrr. 

"  llr.  UHnk;  (itaipli-il  llir  lioav  uf  Niulianli'l  Kay,  brlnrijtliic  '"  Triiilri  cliurvli  darinf 
rb»  K«*«lDM<tnar7  wur.  Mib»rc)uriitly  he  Ihril  In  «  Uoum  of  lid  own.  pMt  of  Wlilflli  U 
■till  •M'cuplfd  hy  MwUmi-  KiiMiiHin  lii  ('allir-tinn  ulirrl.  Hir  tiii}-  tiiiii*r  (looil  »n  the  iltr 
uf  tlw  fiutrmiir  Klin'  Iioiibi-.  iiiii*  llailiii>iiii>,  but  wtu  taLi<n  iluwn  liiiiH  «liicv. 

"  In  tlic  vlrwicUvn  in  tlir-  Majta/iiic  tliir  AmrriatiiiNllackMlllii  Urlti>h  1u  llicirciitrt'UFli- 
mrlila  MI  Toni'iiiy  tllll,  Bl  llmilnitcrf  Hill,  \nu-wt  Ballry'i,}  biiiI  bI  (in^ii-eitil  roi»l.  aliil 
IVam  ilivir  fbrilflfHtlun>i  on  lloucjmnn'i  11)11. 

"Th»  i)('«  naa  EaVrii  from  llir  topof  Jlr.  rrlii1r)''i>  liou»r.  Tin- iiniil  jtlin  a  Dortbrnt 
and  rattMti  firn.     TIk'  acilun  twik  iilant  on  tlir  {[[-oiiuil  In  ui-ar  nHflhtiorlKxHl  tu  NrHport. 

"Wh«n  IlK'  Amcrkutvi  lubfifjucntly  tctrf-atrd  tlir  llillUli  wid-  llir  auoIlaurK  >Mt  Tnallf 
iMfifttl  in  tiaitli-ai  gimkir  llill.nt  Turkey  lUll,  an<l  ut  Dutln' 11111;  bihI  llir  Amrricani 
fniHirinl  tnaiirrviir  llir  tli-l(l  on  Ituiia' Hill,  uid  tbD  ■UipM  NruuDd;lUr  Kuj[ll«b  ciiMOip- 
Injt  on  (junker  lltlt  and  al  Turkry  IIIII. 

"  So  mui-b  did  II  riiil  In  a  drawn  lialllr,  lliat  on  lb*  Hiti*«(]«vnl  day,riil.l'aij)tihrM  M-nl  to 
iIm-  .Inirtlunn  tt  kthm  li)m  liberty  (o  fmrcti  for  Iti»  drad  tN>dy  or  Iiu  Dtiihrw  kllM  In  tti« 
balllt.  I  bato  uol  M'l-n  any  ctigTavluf  K'*'"f  ^  *kt-lcli  uf  lb*  latllc  ol  t|unkcr  Hill  ur 
BnltV  mil." 

"1  are  ivTT  imly  yout», 

"D.iViii  Kixii," 

Anolhpr  rarprnt  4iid  IraniL-O  a"ii<|iinry  of  Xrnpart  aild*lo  llir  furrf;iitiig  tpniiiimny  a4 
||Ulv«ra :  "  In  rfttan)  to  lite  fogtrnvrd  plate.  In  ibe  lieuildDaa'*  HmrBiine.  of  Die  baiilf  of 

,  the  lltl-E  rradi,  *  takvn  rnnn  lllr  Urlndlry  limiM'.'  arhMi  sload  ihM  tlir  Jewish  Cfioi>- 
Omra  flirlnighc  nga  I  inonnred  un  Ihv  lup  uf  a  bullil1ii|[  wlilcli  ttand*  on  ili*  lamc 
Ifpot  rormedy  oomplpd  by  tbe  llrlnlrr  Nian*li>n.  but  Ilir  bi-l|[hl  oT  tliKlr«'r>  obi«aifil  tbc 
(law.  I  am  >tr«n|t1y  of  oplnUin,  Ui*  baltl*  r^fintMittvl,  In  ulii-ii  llii>  KokIIhIi  llirvH  op  a 
tun*  Ibrt  on  lloD«yiiian'>-  Hill,  from  wlilcli.  on  ill*  Wih  anil  2>l  of  July,  tlwy  cannotMMlrd 
lUm  Amrriran  balttri«-t  (llualn]  u  lilllr  aier  a  milr  ulT.  A  frit  dayi  briinp,  Ibi-  Ilrlllili 
ItPOup*  bunil  all  tbe  Iiui>m<>  nliliia  iwu  mile  or  N<iii-ori.  Tlie  itaek  of  rlilniulp*  r>ii  tbr 
t  Wn  ofthf  pinun:  I  proiiiinit-  arr  the  rvfrulni  uf  tltc  Mulbone  manftoa,  dMtro;rd  by  lire  In 

17IM.     I  Ihink  in  I'UUin'li'^  llir   (tibjrrt  un  mpprr  ibr  print  ba»  brcn  n-irTM'il." 

Mr  I>-»friK.  Ill  l<i*  Kir  III  IVjuk  of  U>i.>  Rnolntlun.  prr«rnli  a  rrduenl  rupy  »f  II>p  rliKntr. 
Ittf.  and  inplaliiJ  It  iliuii  r  ■■  Ttir  lhr««  rmliimw*,  lluti*'.  Quakrr.  and  Turkey  llUIf.  an 

MVB  oqiltirplrtun',  ttielomier  vu  tlie  lefl.  III  rlopn  emernl  sith  Arnrrknn  Iruta;  (J-aakrr 

IIUlu lb* eenlTiMtii-l  lurfM-yllUion  thirltbt.     ITii- home  [n  llivfotrKround. on  tbc  rlxlll. 

■Il|[r4  ti>  a  Mr.  Ilrlnalli'y,  now  iirar  llir  •tir   Of  llir   n'^Miuni  nf  Sir  A  ulbiiiiy.'*    Their 

irral  bltla  an-  mi  Mir  imrilirru  rad  o^  lliv  Idanil.     After  dllljirnl  Imiulry  aftlif  oldmt  aud 

llio*l  liilrll litem  pi-rM>ii>  limine  In  Ihrlr  Del|tlibi>rli«'d,  1  hnri'  fiilli'd  ic  And  ournho  lint  any 

puional  ur  Iradllluual  kiiualrilav  of  a  "  Utimllry  tiouae"  niliialol  ihti  llial  |iart  of  Ihr 

lalilMl;  wbDr  al  Xrw|i»n  tMoli  •  )ioii>i?  i*a*  nrll  knnnn.     llnldr*,  iht  artl*!  brlnfl  Uriibh, 

WMitd  nnt  be  llkrly  to  raiar  Into  the  AniiTk-aii  lines  In  Ibr  uilil*!  iif  battle  rankniotlon,  Id 

■  a  iktiieh  looking  MMitb.     t'alM  brtler  aililtrd,  I    mu>l  llieTffure  ri'iimr  In  Ibe  tritU 

'•ooy  «r  my  kanied  tMrropundrTil*,  accrpllni;  ilie  ilii-urr  vf  on*  »f  Ibeiii,— .lanii-*  Kddy 

Haoran.  Kh)-. — thal"ln*«ifrav)iici)H-aul)feot  on<opppt,  ttirprtiilluiil)e«nre*en«d"i  aul 

li«K*  llw  error. 

ts 


98 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  TilE  RBVOI.UTIOK. 


with  becoiiiing  self-respect  he  repelled.  Gi-eene  thmight 
them  iinnporfiftnn'Iy  strong.  So  did  Washington.  Both 
regretted  that  they  had  been  uttered,  feiirinif  Ihej'  might 
prove  seeds  of  alienation.  Greene  recommended  the  modi- 
ficnlion  of  (ho  hingiiagc,  wliieh  w.ns  made  in  a  second  gen- 
erol  order. 

Greene,  for  whom  D'Estaing  cherished  a  wai-m  friendship, 
wrote  htm  »  wmciliatory  letter,  which  served  to  check  a 
rising  asperity,  Washington  also  wrote  soothingly  to 
I^ifiiyeUe,  who.  like  the  Admiriil,  took  excejitions  to  wliat 
seemed  tn  hini  ii  rctluctiuri  ii|)on  lhc>  allies  and  npon  the 
French  nation.  lie  entreated  him  to  take  no  exceptions  to 
unmeuaiiig  expressions,  uttered  jierhups  wilhoiil  considera- 
tion, iind  ill  tliG  fir.*it  transport  of  di&nppointed  hope,  iind 
urged  him  to  afford  a  heahng  hand  to  tiic  wound  that  uniii- 
tentioniilly  hnd  been  made.  He  likewiitc  wrote  to  D'Ea- 
tniug : 

"  ir  llie  deppodl  i-pgrret  Hint  the  bcsl  ronrerlwt  fiUcfprlse  Bnd  brflVO«t 
rxvrliniM  kIiduIiI  hnvr  Ikjoii  rcnilrrcd  rniltKtnsbyH  (li«ii»ti.T  wFilrh  huicinn 
pratleiicv  was  Incapabk'  of  Torenwlng  or  iireveolliitf  can  alleviate  disnp- 
poluliuciit,  yuii  iiiny  lie  ae^uri^il  ihiil  ibe  whulc  couUcii'iit  f^ymputhixc^  >Y)ih 

you Tliu^uah  your  success  has  not  been  equiil  lo  your  cxptc- 

ttttlniis,  yet  you  have  llie  tKitlsfncclon  of  wtlcctliijf  llint  you  li«Te  ivmleretl 
esscntlnl  services  to  the  common  cahm." 

Id  the  Admind's  reply  to  (Jreene,  there  seems  a  carefully 
meditated  yet  nhnost  imperceptible  vein  of  aarcasm.     He 

says : 

"  U  Ifl  ttom  yon  and  what  you  arc.  Hint  U  U  ilouMl(>i(.H  suitnMe  and  dat^ 
IcTlng  lojud^  or  tlic  rPKpt-ctAblc  And  nmjniilc  qualities  of  tlic  Arnvrtcnii 
gencml  ofllctTs  whom  1  have  not  tlie  Ijmxti-  of  kiioivhiK  by  correspondence 
or  peraotially,  It  is  with  conilnl  warmth  IhHt  I  rffmliT  hotnnf^v  to  the  truth 
In  iwsnririg  yoii  Hint  on  «vcry  occhbIvd  I  linvt'  hnd  reUboil  to  ildmiro  thrlr 
zeal  BUrl  lakntB,  and  to  feel  persoiml  sstlKfat'liotj  for  their  bi-linvlor  with 
rcjEuril  to  me;  nnd  to  add  to  l\v-  motive!^  uf  duty  ihoKe  of  IncHnaMoii  tiiid 
nttuctimL'ul  wliich  I  shtiU  ahvnyH  profess  to  hartt  for  ihein.  I  f^hnll  be 
enchanted  If  the  nssurnnce  and  the  hoinnge  of  thv«o  srnlimciitoi  appuar  to 
you  of  nny  viiliip." 

•  •■■•••■• 

"  I  hope  that  Your  Excellency  aud  your  re«pectnbt«  colk'n^es  will  uot 


OCK  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


99 


dbapprorn  my  conduct.  Tn  merit  rliiit  It  Hhanlrl  please  them  will  ever  be 
one  of  my  cloiilres.  as  WHI  as  u>  prove  to  yon  particiilnrly  <ill  Eht  roiuilder- 
Btlon  wlilcit  I  liuvL-  for  you  and  tlicin,  aud  Lhu  reaped  witU  wliicli  I  have 
the  tionor  of  belu};, 

"  Sir,  Vour  Kxct!)l«iicy'ii 

"  Uoitt  liunible  aad  most  obedient  Rervniit, 


^ddH^ 


With  nil  parties  sober  second  Ihonglit  prevailed,  so  that 
Sullivan  wrote  to  Washington  : 

"I  hav«  the  plensurc  to  Inform  Vonr  Bxrellency,  th.it,  thongh  the  first 
struggles  of  pAH-tluu,  un  <Mi  importiiiit  n  dUnpiioitititirnt,  wvr«  itCArccljT  to 
be  rentrnhicil,  yvt,  In  n  ft-w  dnys,  .-in  It  siilMlded,  I  found  nit^nii)t  \x»  reMtore 
lh«  former  hunnnny  between  tlie  Aiiierlcim  aiid  Fn-iicli  office™  of  the 
|MPif.  Ttic  Count  D*£sttilii;i  iiiitl  myrdf  mo  iu  tbe  »iitiio  frk'DdNhlp  as 
^finccufure.  The  reitsoii  of  the  iinitcKt  tius  been  explained  lu  hliu,  und  tie 
)a  DOW  pcrfL-ctly  siitliiktled.  lie  hnx  offered  to  come  un  with  IiIh  liiiid  fbrvcs, 
uid  do  everj-thiiig  nhlch  I  may  request  of  him  nud  hts  troops;  but  the 
step  liAs  become  i]iin<^C(.'s<iiiry. 

"The  n-iLoon  of  dntwhifi  ttii-  pnitvjtt  wu  Vn\%:  Tl»e  C'oont  liimsclf 
wlfthvtl  to  remain  vvltli  us,  but  uiis,  by  bh  vaptalnn,  overruled  In  council. 
To  have  deviated  fruni  tbi:  adrlee  of  hlx  council  would  have  been  attended 
with  111  ettuseqiicTiceH  to  lilm,  lo  case  of  misfortune.  It  was  ^uppoited  Lbat 
tbeprotcnt  mli;ht,)».stir>-  him  in  titklng  the  part  Af^reeahlc  to  his  own  sen* 
Hnwais  nud  ibosc  of  the  cowpcmtlug  army." 

That  T^ifnyettu  should  hav«  withheld  hm  Bigiitittire  from 
the  protest,  ns  nh*cjidy  mentioned,  was  nndirul.  D'Kstaing 
vuji  u  rvlittioii  ittid  friend,  and,  ji«  can  readily  W  supposed, 
did  nut  wit^h  to  place;  hiiusolf  un  record  »h  cunt-tiring  him. 
Looking  back  through  the  vietai  of  a  t-enttiry,  the  stixlent  of 
lievohitionnry  history  will  he  strengthened  in  his  belief  that 
but  for  the  siomi  which  led  to  the  withdmwiil  of  the  French 
fleet  to  IJohton,  the  battle  on  Ithodo  l8lan<l  would  virtually 
have  terminalcd  the  War  for  Indciiendent^.  Thia  was 
Washington'*  belief.     He  writes  ; 

'•  If  iliB  pirrlaoD  of  that  place,  [Xowporl  ]  eotiwIsHna  of  nearly  »lx 
ihoutund  men,  had  been  captured,  au  there  was,  Id  appearance  at  least,  a 


100 


KHODE   IRLAND   IS   THE  BEVOI.ITIOX. 


hma^ni  U>  MK  U  fmrat  of  It,  It  woaM  hare  j^ivea  l^  IliibUa;;  blow  to 
tke  BrUibk  jiiiIibiiIhiiii  of  MivcrH^t;  orrr  tfaU  country ;  and  woalil,  I  an 
priwiJml.  bavc  htuiiwl  tbe  departure  of  tbc  uvops  io  >'ew  Tork  u  ftst 
■•  tbdr  euns  aiogt  eoald  outt  Uicni  away." 

The  cont'ictioos  of  Lafnyctto  were  in  Mcordancc  with 
diOM  expressed  by  Wmsbinjrton.     He  said : 

"  Wtea  I  agiUD  n»  Ibe  Frea^h  a<:«<  Kail  out  of  tbe  |K»rt  tbr  the  last 
liaW;.  aaJ  abandtMi  iltc  rapture  ot  tbe  Britl»b  army,  I  ftit  tbU  to  lie  tbe 
MMrt  Utltf  <]UappotDtuienl  uf  all,  IW  I  brlirrt:  tbxL  tbU  capture  would 
haw  pnxland  tha  aaow  daclslvv  rcsolt  uf  spcptlllt  tcfminHllnic  thv  Aioer- 
toaa  war,  as  was  mbaeqaentlf  accniaplMli«^  bv  ttit;  rapture  at  Yorkluwo, 
bf  tbe  BBMcssflil  cooperation  of  tbc  Frrnch  Be«t  under  Count  DcGna*^ 
■ad*T  alBiIUr  drcauuCaacey." 

"  Ift  aaawer  to  mjr  loqulrf  fur  tbe  reaana  of  Ibb)  aecooal  obstinate  Kftual 
to  roopcrau^  wHti  tbrtr  aJl'rt.  tbo  Grorral  rrpllml  tbat  It  n-an  Maid  in  tbe 
oooncil  or  oOcers  that  the*  IteM  li  to  be  tlii-Ir  Itntt  dutj-  as  uaral  oom- 
BaDdtfB  to  sustain  th«  saperioritj-  of  ibc  Fn-och  devt  oil  the  oceaa,  to 
eaeapc  belnjc  abut  ap  lo  port,  uhI  8UbJ«:ted  to  dcKtrocikin  by  Ore  »blpa 
wblint  at  sncbor  la  tbeir  dhablrd  coulitlun.  TbU  all  important  object 
could  only  be  aceompllabed  bj  ldalt><;  no  time  In  sailing  fbr  Bo^loti,  before 
tbe  fvtarn  uf  tbe  Britlah  di-«t,  to  wblcb  port  llie;  bad  been  onhnvd  to  go 
ftir  repairs  In  case  uf  oecesnUy."* 

INCIDENTS  OF   THE   WAR. 

Diiring^  tlie  time  that  the  Uritish  uct-iipieil  Ihe  i»lHuJ  many 
incideni^v  amusing  «mi  serious,  owiirml.  The  farmers  were 
wilijeclpd  to  great  triaU  l\v  nniU  nj»on  their  crop;*  and  i-attle, 
and  by  ubiisivc  tieatmeiit  ut'  thi'lr  Inniilics.  Vet  iJii-y  wer« 
faithful  to  the  oiude  of  freedom,  iind  M-ith  ^at  i-ircum9pe<y 
tion  erndcd  the  sUKpici(nK>i  watdiin^  of  the  enemy,  and  used 
their  upimrtiinities  to  oomiuiinieiUc  imimrlnnt  infommtion  to 
the  Aoierieaii  Hiiuy  ^tatiuned  ut  Tivction  and  Little  Cuiu|>- 
ton.     Among  these  vens  Ituxav  Hiirker,  a  farmer  in  Middle- 


•  (Vanoaltoa  with  lloa.  ZMbvUh  Atlrn.    Vr.  Ailpn  sMl  CalitMl  f^htafta  Bowen 

WVn  i(lpO<nU'<l  ^]r  lh«  l«W«  eo«IH4l  »(  Vf>i  Mniiiw  s  nHiiiitliir*-  la  n»*I  I'lRnpnl  tjilk7«tW 
at  Ptilaarlil,  Ciiab.,  ■ml  MeoM  hitti  tti  Kke^t  ItUsil,  wIifu  na  hU  lour  Uirmif  h  IIh-  MsIm 
la  MM.  Tfavmnri-rattlloa  bMwquMvd  louk  ptatv  In  ihr  (arrli^  wMh  ua  ib»  Juntarj. 
It  mm  eaifcoaiMl  la  a  paiwr  read  Mt*n  lh»  ntiwk  Itlaad  IIMaftcaJ  Bwkiy  la  IMI. 


OVm  FRKSCH   ALLIES. 


town,  living  about  llirec  iiiifvii  from  Nt:W{)ort,  and  near  wbuee 
farm  a  ropment  of  the  army  was  stationed. 

*'  He  nu  K  wariii'liL-arlud  *  Utiorty  tniD,'  yet  cool  and  deliberate  In  bin 
conduct.  uikI  Hhrrtrd  when  iitrcs'iary.  Not  ■  griMit  dieiniice  from  bla 
lH>u<ie  wns  nil  cminonc^  or  rl*t»^  ground,  over  whlcli  ran  n  Httiiie  wnll ;  on 
ttie  top  of  Ihi'  lilll  wiu  a  act  of  bant,  for  n  cart  ))Di>sage  from  one  firld  Into 
nnoLbcr.  ai)d  iiuir  llwin  n  iiUik«  aiul  crolch.  A  Coloucl  of  a  n-glnicnt  of 
lli«  eii«ni]r'»  cavalry,  qaarteiX'd  at  bis  hou^v,  and  l»iuc  by  hln  pretended 
b/rgtmt  auJ  by  UU  llliW  alU;ii.tlon9  In  sup^ilyliiB  bts  table  wiih  poultry  uikI 
ulber  cholc«  Ihliiiir^,  so  liijicrallattil  biin»fir  Into  tlitr  jjood  cmcvs  of  the 
CnluDcl.  that  ho  repoMcl  Ihv  grmtcfit  conlldptinr  Iti  Mm,  uiid  would  at  any 
time  j^re  him  a  'pa.'M'  to  poaiiywlK-n-on  Ihc  Inland,  and  woiiUloflvn  urjie 
liim  to  firt  all  the  liirurinntloii  he  could  fruin  tbo  '  tvIkI  mm]!.'  Aa  nil^ht 
Ih>  r3Cp«-cie(l,  Unac  »»vd  tills  liberty  with  tbc  creaievt  caiitiim  nnil  pru* 
deuce,  lie  found  out  a  wiiy  of  e^^tiibUiiibhis  a  corrc:«iK' tide  nee  vrUh  a 
Llviilt-tmut  Cluipln,  of  Cnbuiel  Shorbunru  ri>Kli»ctit,fllatlouvd  nearly  nppo- 
tilUt  his  farm.  In  Liulc  Compton;  wlUi  a  common  spy'^loNA  t'hapln  could 
dlKtlncily  discover  the  -ban,  the  ttahc.  and  crotch.'  and  iluiK:  wall  on  tbo 
hill.  WliL'U  Barker  itiovrd  Utc  »Uke  hi  a  cvrLihi  dlrecUon.  It  bad  a  algnllt- 
caut  ineanbift;  and  w ben  be  inuv^  the  crciUb  and  Btikke,  It  had  nnotUcr 
— every  move  had  a  tllstliicl  nteaiilns-  Bnrlier  lold  ns  llierv  were  a«  many 
a*  a  (loxtrn  dllTcrviit  chansce)).  nil  of  wblcli  hail  lln-lr  nicaitlni;.  Not  over  a 
mllv  from  thbi  wti3  *  North  I'olnt.'  ruuulu;j  out  nouic  dUUince  towards  tfae 
eastern  t>hure,  iiml  t>tar  the  eix)  of  Ihc  point  was  n  lodge  (if  rocks,  and  iti 
them  a  certjiin  hole  or  crevke, —  thU  hole  wat^  the  '  pout  olllcu,'  where  l^^aac 
woald  KO  III  the  evcnltiK  a'td  deposit  a  Icttt-r,  and  then  nunid  the  next  day 
coniinanlrate  hy  tehijruph  the  nu:t,  no  thnt  In  notnefavomblv  ni;;ht  It  could 
be  tent  for;  but  the  itrcateAl  caution  wa«  uece»iiary  on  such  occnslona,  oa  a 
snard  woa  always  kept  near  the  shun-.  Isiuicaald  ibnt  be  came  very  near 
bcluscuuxht  one  nliihl.  returning  from  the  'past  afllcei'  be  was  over- 
taken hy  two  Dpht  hiir»omcn.  and  a  '  piuts '  or  '  ooanternttnt '  ""Os  demanded. 
It  so  liAppcned  he  had  neither;  he  miuiajfcd  however  lo  jcet  them  to  re- 
turn with  him  to  Ui»  liouDe  Inaleiul  of  tanking  lilm  a  prisoner;  on  tlirlr 
arrival  he  made  up  a  wtory  to  the  Colonel,  who  onlern-d  liitn  to  be  rt-leaacd. 
Rut  llierv  was  one  time  when  he  had  gnai  difficulty  to  retain  hi"  mir.po*. 
he»sian.  ThcCuluiicI  waa  one  day  at  dinner  when  he  called  Barker  to  come 
Into  llio  room;  '  Barker,' said  he,  *  ttiere  la  a  traitor  or  spy  anions  u»  — 
tht-re  1»  no  mistake  —  tiot  a  »lnju;le  Uilng  transptren  on  this  Island  bat  tlw 
rebeb  know  all  about  It  almost  as  soon  as  wc  ounti-lves.  This  traitor 
muRt  br  found  out.  Let  nie  but  ttee  him,  auU  11m  raacal  tthall  soon  go  Into 
•lenilty.'  ■'  • 

Tbis  (lecltiralioD  broiigbt  llie  umtturvery  vlosoly  borne,  but 


•  •■Sptrlto*  Tt." 


102 


BHOPE  ISLASD  IN  TITE  REVOLUTION. 


Barker,  suppressing  all  outward  signs  of  agitiiion,  responded 
in  stning  ltingua<;c  that  "  tlie  tniitor  ought  lu  he  hung."  uiiU 
promised  to  help  search  him  out.  "AAer  this  ho  wiia  more 
of  u  tort/  than  ever." 

The  late  Soth  Anthony,  in  a  letter  to  the  Hon.  llenjiunin 
Cowcll,  3ays  that  during  the  battle  of  August  SUth,  some 
He8«tans  ciitoi-ed  hia  fwlher's  house,  and  phiiidered  every- 
thing they  could.  "They  took  my  father's  silver  knee 
buckles;  I  saw  one  of  them  take  hold  of  my  father  and 
demand  his  money  and  threatened  his  life,  hut  he  did  not 
gel  it.  My  father  had  about  two  thunsjind  dollars  in  gold 
and  silver,  but  he  hud  taken  the  precaution  to  bury  it  under 
an  old  stone  wall.  The  Hessians  also  seaivhed  my  mother's 
pocket,  turned  it  inside  out,  but  there  was  no  money  in  it." 
Other  families  were  invaded,  and  individuals  mal-lreated. 
Captain  Burrington  Anthony,  who  commanded  a  company  in 
Portsmouth  at  the  time  of  the  invasion  of  the  island  of 
Khode  U1und,  was  taken  pristinc-r  and  confined  in  prison  for 
more  than  a  year  at  Newport.  He  was  repeatedly  ollerod  a 
release  from  prison  if  he  would  take  the  oath  of  allegiance, 
but  he  pei*emptorily  rufused. 


"  When  tka  Count  D'Eataliig's  flvia  appiraivd  near  llie  Brillah  battariss 
til  IKe  tiurlior  of  llhoJr  lnlaiKl  a  Kcvrra  caiiiii)nfiil<>  whh  rotiunciircil,  Had 
iev«nil  shot  pASflrd  thruuch  the  liousrs  In  town  and  occaslomod  ^i-eat  con- 
iiIvrtMtlou  ninnug  the  iiihnbitAnU.  A  shot  passcril  Lhroii<;ti  the  ilanr  or 
Mrw.  Ma-ton'it  Hoiiso.  Just  above  the  Boor,  Thi-  riiitiily  ntre  tiliirnii-ii,  not 
knotvhig  wlurn^  to  f1«-  fur  saTi-ly.  A  nrgni  nnu  rmi  ami  »nt  himtcirilown 
very  compo»oJly,  wHh  hi*  f>iick  ognlu^it  the  flhiit-h<it<f  In  the  door,  and 
btlag  AskvJ  hy  youne  Mr.  Mason  why  hi?  clio«e  thai.  olUiutiuri,  be  rcplktt, 
•  MusB,  you  uc'vvr  know  two  bulltrt  go  lu  oac  pUcv. ' "  * 

"IlKinutiAHTKiiH,  Itironr.  lHt.A\'li,  Aiigii.''t  in,  1778. 
"  Stolen,  01-  ukcn  through  inbLsbo,  y(.'atLT<tHy,  rrnm  Mr.  1'lionia.H  Itrown- 
lug'*,  a  i'ortmnnteaa  belonging  to  Miijor  .Iifn-inlAh  lllll.  Coiunits-^nry  of 
Prlaonci'it,  canuinli>|;  R  shIrtR,  :<  pr.  citoclcingft,  L*  Mocks,  3  waiatconu,  1  pr. 
brusbim.  1  |>r-  t-bucs,  1  pr.  silver  »1i(k.-  buckW.  Whu«v«r  him  koI  shIiI 
Porimaiitvnii  itiitl  clothing,  knd  will  return  tbciu  to  thu  ownvr,  bIiuII  b« 
gencrouMp  icwnnlcd,  ami  no  quc!it[o[ia  aHkecl." 

*  lliBt'eticr. 


OCn  FRENCH  AU.1ES. 


103 


INCIDENl-S   or  AUOrST   28TH   AN1>  B9TII. 


Colonel  John  Truinhiill,  who,  as  mentioned  on  \)agc  107, 
»en'ed  on  lJbo<JL>  litlmid  as  vuIudU'CI'  aid  to  GeiicrnI  Stilli- 
Tan,  has  k-fl  in  Ms  "Reminiscences  of  his  own  Times,"  a 
griTiphie  account  of  his  personal  experiences  on  the  menio- 
l-uble  2^lh  niid  2*Jth  dnys  of  AtigUbt,  177tj.     He  ssyn: 

"  Soon  after  dnybrcftk  the  next  morning,  ttie  irar-jrnftrd,  eoininandcd  by 
lliAt  rxcdl«nt  nllloer,  Cnlntii-I  \Vi;{;;t(-iiunrtli.  wna  nlliK-kc^l  on  Quaker, 
oChei-wJMa  calk-d  Windmill  Hill;  Aitii  Oeiifrnl  ^iillivnii,  tvlstilng  to  avoid  a 
KCrloaa  tclion  oii  tbat  irround,  sent  inc  ivlth  ordcrx  to  tlie  voiiinmiidlDi; 
ufflrvr  lo  wlthdniir  tbe  guard.  In  perrDmdii;^  lldftduiyl  liad  (u  moimt 
thv  hill  hj-  fl  lii-OAd.  itntootb  rond,  more  thnn  a  mile  In  ]on;;rii  rmiii  tlic  Ibot 
lo  llie  Bnoiinll,  where  wrw  the  seem;  of  conflict,  widch,  tliuiigli  nn  ensy 
ascent,  wru  yet  too  Mtrr^p  Tor  n  trot  or  a  ctillnp.  It  won  nceesftory  to  ride 
At  a  M»artly  puce.  Tor  I  iiaw  befbre  ine  »  li«rd  day'*  work  fbr  my  borsc, 
nnd  WM  unwtillus  to  thlleae  Itlin. 

"NollduKcan  be  wortf  Irylntf  to  llic  nerves,  tlian  to  adrance  drtibor- 
Rtety  and  nlonv  Into  dunijcr.  At  llrst.  I  saw  a  round  shut  or  two  drop  near 
me,  and  paan  bouiidlos  on.  1  met  poor  CoIodgI  Toui^ard.  who  bad  Jnat 
lottt  one  nnn.  blown  off  by  the  dincliarge  of  it  field  plofe,  Ibr  the  posses- 
ston  of  wlilrh  there  waa  an  Ard<>ut  xtnig^de.  He  was  led  off  by  a  small 
party.  .Soon  nflvr,  I  uw  Optaln  Wnlker.  of  H.  Jarkiiun>  resiiuent,  who 
hnd  received  a  musket  Imll  lliroutib  his  body,  mounted  liehlnd  a  pcpKin  on 
horsetmck.  He  bid  me  a  mi'lflrichoty  hretvi'l),  nnd  died  before  nlglit. 
XexUKrupe  shot  began  to  Hprlnklc  around  me,  and  soon  after  mu«kct  balls 
foil  tn  my  path  like  hutLitunen.  This  wnn  not  to  be  borne.  I  spurred  ou 
my  horse  to  the  summit  of  the  hill,  and  found  myi^elr  In  the  midn  of  the 
neU-e.  '  [loii'l  ^ay  a  worti,  Trninbull,'  cried  the  ^Uant  commniidcr,  'I 
know  your  ermnd,  Init  dontxpenk;  Kre  will  beat  them  In  a  moment. "^ 
"Colonel  WIgsIesworth,  do  yon  »!.■«  thoite  Iroops  croaolng  otili<|nely  firnm 
the  we«t  road  towards  your  rem?* —  'Yes  they  are  A  mericanB,  coming  to 
our  support.'  —  'No.  sir.  tboso  arc  OeminuH;  mark,  ibclr  dre^  l*  blue 
ami  yf/iw,  not  bntT;  tl»ey  are  moving  to  full  Into  your  rear,  and  Intercept 
yonr  retreat,  tietire  Instantly  —  don't  lose  a  moment,  oryoo  tvlll  be  cnt 
off.'  The  gallant  man  obeyed,  reluctantly,  and  withdrew  the  goard  In  fine 
Htyle,  slowly,  but  Kafi-Iy. 

■'As  I  rt^dc  back  to  the  main  body  on  Butts' UllI,  I  A-ll  In  with  a  party  of 
soldiers  bearlac  n  woaoded  offloer  on  a  litter,  whom  I  fbond  to  be  my 
Itlend  II.  Sherbunie,  brother  of  Mrs.  Jobn  Lnngdon,  uf  PorU<moatb,  New 
EUmpfthtrc,  a  fbllow  volnntecr.  They  were  rnrrylng  him  lo  tbe  surgeons 
In  tbe  rear,  to  have  hit  leg  amputated.  Ilo  Itnd  Just  been  woanded  by  a 
nuidomball,  wbUcalltlog  atbreakflut.    Tblswaa  a  soiUC«  Of  tasllnc mo^ 


104 


RTIODK  I8LAKD  IN  THE  REVOl.UTtON. 


Uflcatlon,  US  be  told  me  xncrwnnis—  'If  this  hud  boppriiMl  to  mc  In 
the  Arid.  In  ntllve  duly,  the  losn  of  *  ie^  R)t;r|it  be  home,  biit  la  be  cnn> 
demtled  iliniiiyh  iiU  fkittiTv  life  to  HMy  1  |o«l  itiy  h-g  uii[t<::r  th«  brrskfiist 
inblf,  Ih  too  tNid.'  Mr.  RaTua  Kins  was  acting  itiat  day  sn  a  voluotcvr  lid 
(le  crnnp  to  Getiirnl  Glover,  wliuiw  qtiiiriepis  were  In  «  liuuM  nt  the  ftwl 
ant)  I' as t  of  Quaker  Hit),  dlmiint  from  the  contcHti^d  pnMtlnnof  thr  rear 
jrtiiml  1  Inii!;  mile.  The  genera]  and  thc>  ofllrfrrA  who  cnmpn.'M'd  hin  rnmllr 
WifTf  •tfAiciI  ni  l>rcak rtiflt,  their  horiit:K  Attiiidiiig  Middled  at  Llie  door.  The 
Rrlrig  on  the  iielfililli  oT  (be  hill  lipenniu  bcavj  aud  iuctimaiit,  whco  the 
Genera]  dlrretcil  .Ur.  Kliift  tn  inuiinl,  Htid  m-M  ivbnl  and  wlierct  llw  flrlDK 
was,  H»  quitted  the  lahle,  Sborbiirne  took  Mb  chair,  and  was  hardlj- 
araled,  when  n  xpeiit  cannon  hull  from  ihc  inrcut.-  of  action  boauded  in  at 
tliG  open  wltnluw,  fdl  upon  the  floor,  roltud  to  \u  dMtniiitlon.  the  anktc  of 
Sherburne,  and  crushed  alt  the  Ikone*  of  his  fool.  Rurrly  thi-'n^  Is  a  prrivi- 
dencc  nhkb  eontrolH  thi-  crenla  of  Imiriafl  life,  and  which  withdrew  Mr, 
King  ftnm  lhi«  tnixfortune. 

"  Soon  slti^r  this,  na  I  waa  carrying  nn  tmportjiDl  order,  the  wind,  which 
had  rts«n  vrtth  tlie  aun,  blew  off  my  hat.  It  ntift  not  a  lime  to  ditiinoant 
for  a  hnt.  I  tlivrvforc  tied  a  whtt«  handl>crcbicr  round  my  head,  and  as  I 
did  not  recover  my  hat  nnlll  evcninK,  I  formed,  the  rest  of  the  day,  the 
raoRl  cnnnplcuoim  mark  lliiit  wan  ever  i*cen  on  the  flcCd  —  monnted  on  n 
tinperh  bay  horae,  la  a  Kumnii-r  drcs<i  of  nankeen  — with  this  head  droM, 
daty  led  me  to  every  point  where  dnut;:er  wa*  t<i  he  foiiiid,  «Tid  I  t^enped 
wlllioot  the  olifcbtetit  iiynrj-.  It  becunicK  inc  lo  eny  tvith  the  Teidmi^t,  '  I 
tlinnk  thee.  O  thou  Most  Illeh,  for  tliou  hast  coveretl  my  hvad  In  the  day 
of  hallle.*  For  never  wk»  aid  du  cunip  expoH-d  to  niurc  danger  than  1  wnn 
durinK  "lai  entire  day,  n^im  daylight  to  duhk* 

"Thfldny  wa.4  pa^Hed  In  .iklrmUliliig,  and  townrds  evening  a  body  of 
the  enemy  (UcnniiiiB)  had  pushed  our  rlfiht  win;;,  and  advanced  so  (Hr  as 
to  eiidauftci'  thi-ni!>i-lvt^K.  I  ivsh  unlcrtHl  U*  taki-  Uvncnil  I^vcM'a  brl^iidi^ 
of  Mn)isachii<>vlt«  nillltla.  and  aid  In  rcpnialni;  them :  this  brlBade  was  vvry 
mtich  weakened  by  Ihc  withdrawal  of  many  ofltcers  and  men.  In  conse 
<tuencu  of  the  army  haviiii;  inivn  left  by  the  French  licet.  For  ihia  reiwon 
I  dreir  up  llie  bri^ndc  In  tine,  tinil  dlsrcgiirdlng  their  otigtn&l  dlittinctinn 
of  reglmenU  and  conipniileit,  lold  them  off  Into  trn  dhiiiioni';  awtlgned 
tlieir  alllreni  amouK  tlimi,  wheeled  them  off  into  column,  and  vdvaneed 
townrdii  the  scene  of  action,  luleudlnR  to  pass  beyond  the  enumy'^ 
flunk,  and  to  aiiack  h1»  rear.  As  ne  ndtiinced,  the  nuife  of  the  condtcl 
accmcd  to  retire,  until  wc  approached  a  ^mull  wood  aklrtlnj;  tlic  open 
Aclda,  which  lay  In  the  direction  of  onr  march.     This  wood  was  occupied 


•"A»  •mill  Ni  rill- ri>F III}  •llp.niTr-n-'l  yoii.  niiil  |iroNit<l*  lURprrllaiE  yiiiir  '>IiJm-I.  thi-x 
epeued  ■  trv  upon  y<M  Trom  <lx  or  kttimi  pic«r«  "t  iliHr  cnnihoni  an4  I,  nnd  ntbm  «n)iui<d 
mr.  irtT«  rfcrir  liitlHiil  luokinf  Id  hp  vuii  Ml.  u  U  wriBMl  Id)|iouIIiIp  IhnI  jau  nhutilil 
nrapp.  On  four  nium  from  llil*  ■□»(  wlnitiiimu*  rxplall,  Oeni'nl  nnilivnii  aalil,  *  f uur 
vuapr  hw  Ixvo  moat  veanAttfUV—flatfrttt  JUatUmm,  wAa  t»at  prtttMt  tU  ikt  hattU,  to 
i'oUmtl  J.  JVnminlL 


OVn  PKBNCH  ALLIES. 


105 


bjr  ft  pnrtr  of  the  enoiny,  whom  It  concealed  fh}iii  onr  vlevr.  while  th«  (Ire 
nhlcti  iliry  opeiu>fl  n(Hin  nx  im  we  mlvinced,  marknil  thHr  pOHltioo.  Ait 
WHS  cntnnioii,  the;  flrcd  too  tii^h,  and  tlurlr  shot  piLisod  over  oar  beiidd, 
doing  nu  liini).  In  fnitiV  «r  the  wood,  at  the  dhitauce  of  thirty  or  forlj 
fiirds,  ran  t  fttroti^  Alniie  rtmrc,  «uch  an  arc  uimmoii  In  KhoOe  lalatid. 
GMiernlly,  on  i«m.'h  nn  occiixhut,  ttii»  Tvnce  would  have  hwn  iiiiidi'  Ufe  of 
OH  n  hrcAKtwnrk  to  priHeiCt  us  from  llie  ent-my's  Art;  bnt  n»  my  incn  bad 
hIthvrU)  kept  ihi-lr  cjnlcr  purrticily.  and  seomcd  to  be  In  nu  deur«e  dlwoii- 
ei>rt«Ml  hy  Ihu  sound  of  ibu  hulln  which  nhUlled  ovit  thrir  he'Jdii,  (pcr- 
hlips  Ihry  did  lint  tindcrHlnnd  It,)  1  bccanin  elated  nllh  the  hope  of  doing 
nniii'elliin^  tinroititniui  mid  therefore  detrrnilm-d  iml  Co  iniikc  ii»c  of  thiti 
Wnll  f'lr  ili-fciicc,  but  to  Attack.  For  thlit  piir|>OAC  It  wtut  Dt-'remtary  to 
n-iiiove  Nucli  an  u'wlnrle,  tin-  In  iilt«nipt)n>;  to  c.'llmh<>vi.T  It  hM  order  would 
Inrnllilily  be  lo^t.  I  therefore  moved  on  until  thcft-ont  ilivl»lun  of  the  col- 
UHiD  wii.i  wlthtn  ten  yiird.'*  of  the  wnll.  mid  then  guvp  ihu  word  of  com- 
mniid  A-i  iron  pni-nde— *  Column,  hide  — leadlii);  divUlon.  ground  your 
Rrmx— Alt'p  forwiinl,  conirude*,  and  levtl  this  fi^iict  —  li  .tlandA  in  our 
way  — quick,  ijuif-k  *  Tht;  «>rdct  nat  ohi-ywt  wSlli  precUlou;  the  r»-ncc 
wiw  K-vellml  lu  mt  histaut.  sod  wv  resumed  onr  forward  march  without 
harln;;  «  msti  hurt.  Kruui  thai  niuJiii-ut  ihi-  llrhiK  from  the  wood  laised. 
nnd  wi>  could  rind  no  mi'iiiy;  Ihi'j- hml  already  bci-n  viitjrLiit(.-d  with,  and 
uronuatched  hy  other  tmopit,  liefore  we  npproaciied.  and  when  they  imiw 
our  i-<iol  nuntKUvre,  they  probatily  mistook  M  for  veterans  coming  to  the 
rescue,  and  prodeiitly  withdrew.* 

"SlIII  r  hoped  to  lie  iiblL*  Ut  Htrlke  nn  liEipnrtnnt  blow,  and  nniuesteil 
Qenend  Loticll  to  Incline  hW  mnrth  to  the  riji^ht,  (by  which  mr^fiiiH  his 
movirnx^nt  would  l»e  scrt-ctied  frwrn  the  view  of  the  wnt-my  by  the  ftirrn  of 
the  si^oiid,)  to  nioie  alun ly  ind  enrc^Ily ;  and  to  kvop  the  tuen  to^eiber 
in  Ihclractuiil  order  I  rode  fnrwHnl  to  reconnoitre  imd  aHeerlaln  the 
p04iUlo»  of  tlie  enemy.  Ad  I  rose  Ihe  vreM  nf  llie  hill  I  miw  the  (tcrmnn 
troup>4  who  had  Jnst  tieen  repulned,  In  evident  dliorder,  eiidenvoring  to 
reform  their  line,  hiil  fiiltgiied,  disconcerted,  nnd  vacillating;.  I  thought 
It  A  fthirioiix  HMiuunt,  and  hnrrtt-d  buck  to  my  brave  cidnnin,  with  the 
tnlcutinn  of  hrndiug  it.  (luirliT  cover  of  the  ground,)  Into  the  rear  of  the 
enemy's  (lank.  Jtidse  of  my  vexailon,  when  I  Aiund  my  men.  nut  In  rlow 
inoilou  and  uoud  order,  as  I  hnd  ULrecl^id,  but  tudtwl  behind  umKhcr 
litroiis  fL'ncv,  dhpcrtiMl.  without  the  tihndow  of  order,  their  uruiH  f;riiundr-i1 
or  imnlng  against  the  fi-ncc,  exulting  in  their  good  cnndnot  and  success 
lu  hat  lug  uude  the  euomy  run.     I  wa«  cruelly  disappuinlcd;  hut  aa  the 


■•'Krvbijc  llw<>r>li-r  niiil  rniiMIt;  uT  llil*  inrnTmrnl,  (M-M-ral  tiullltsn  rxrUltnnl, 'llial 
mitrfmi'dt  wihiIiI  i|o  tiatuir  to  lli«  ubttrtt  rr^inpnl  ur  ilir  iirnir.*  *11ie  ea^aiy  rii|tHKi>il  wllli 
Ciititnrl  (in-«ni-.iicrn-i*iiif;  llilHbolilaiiil  atitwrMnilsibinriiri'.  laHlanU;  ri'lr^airU,  ■•iilthiw 
pMBpnt  ■  oirtiirv.  Yoiu  prrH-n  ulluji  In  rull  of  llirtr  mail  dariiif  riilrriirlM-*.  (he  n-frrt 
fo  1'niiiitiull'<  lirmritiK  unldn  iw  <jiiakcr  lllll,  aJx),  |  1  liairr  ctrr  (Oatiili-r*^  Iflile  ■hurl  of  ■ 
OilfSi'lr,  Bad  S  MOal  Tvniarfcnlilr  Inlrrixnlilifii  of  rruiitlt-iMv  Kir  junr  *»trly."'—nefavt 
ituUotm  lu  Cvionti  J.  Ttumtall. 

li 


106 


KIIOUE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


success  of  the  blow  wh)<:h  1  tind  meditated  depended  ratirol;  upon  rapli]- 
Jty  of  nHivomctit,  ami  muoli  lime  would  he  waaied  Iwfort  we  could  recover 
our  orlglnnl  onler,  adiI  ho  jiro^nrfd  Ui  I1)nvl^.  I  unve  up  laj  projeclcd 
attack.  niiiJ  rt-tiinicd  to  make  m,v  report  to  my  ^^tict'cd. 

■■  The  iitxt  lI;ij-  ilie  nniiy  kepi  Iht^lr  {{i^>oiid  oh  HiiIL'.'  Hill,  collei-lcd  oiir 
n'ouiiilLiI,  burled  the  itcuul,  oiid  whilu  we  niHdu  n  ahuw  tit  IiitL>mlliiK  to 
iiiniiilMln  our  pnalOon,  were  reiilly  hiii^y  In  prrpRrhig  for  a  ix-trenl.  which 
woe  effft'leil  iliirlng  the  fnllowluii  nlyhi,  across  Ilowliind'i*  Feriy  lo  Tiver- 
ton, witbuui  vhu  liisn  of  a  luiiii,  or  of  thu  ttiitDllOGt  arlii'k  »f  stores. " 


FINAL    UKNKItAL   OHKKKS. 

Thfi  Inst  two  (_if iipiiit  <)r<U'r^  issucil  Uy  <.iei»*n»I  .Snllivnn 
prior  to  the  retreat  were  dated  respectively  August  28th 
anil  3(llh.     They  were  as  follows : 

'*  llraugrAUiKicH.  Hiiodk  Islamv  Au^i^t  38,  \776. 
.  .  .  .  "  Tbu  )lo»!loii  Iiidepcitdi'iil  Coiiipniiy.  couiiiiiiiMed  >>y  C'oloEiel 
HIchhoni.  hnvlnu  rciiialnad  on  lite  Krnoiid  much  Intijicr  Limii  vta^  vxpevteil 
tht'y  wonlil  he  iimlf  r  a  necei^sity  of  tloliitr,  and  tlieir  prisalt?  hiisiiiuNs  d«- 
mandiiii;  tlit'lr  rettirn  homi^,  the  UeiieMJ  dUmls^M  them  with  hU  thanks 
for  thvir  suKlk-rly  co  idiict  mid  fulthful  Service*." 

"HKAixjrAitrKiis,  RriwpK  l»i.Axt»,  AujjnstSU,  1778. 
....'•  With  Ineipi^nsible  BatlsfHction  the  CoinmiinHh>r-liv Chief 
views  llie  herolt:  forlltude  mid  ItniiiKr--^  of  Iiis  nrriiy  In  the  nction  of  yes- 
terday, ile  inobl  ulnccrcly  thnnks  MsJor-GL-uoral  GrveiK;,  Ihn  Drltfndlci^ 
GenefiilK  mill  ('uminRinlniilii  of  tlic  flrHt  tine,  with  the  brave  nnicers  and 
soldlf^rit  under  tlitlr  eotninniid  iind  lirlgmlk-r-Uenernl  Lovell.of  itie  second 
line,  with  his  brave  offlcen)  nnd  noldiers  for  tbelr  intrepid  ley,  which  tht? 
showed  in  repeiiLwlly  repuNlii;;  the  enemy,  nnd  ntmlty  drivlti;;  them  ftom 
th«  llrld  of  nrtlon.  Colonel  K.  B.  Livlnprnton  find  Coloiu-l  I^wrettrt;,  with 
llie  oftlcern  and  noldlers  of  tlielr  reHpecllve  corpK,  nrv  i^iitlllcd  to  tbo  Gen- 
eral's warirje>l  tliuukf.  Colonel  Crune  iind  ihv  ullKvrs  iiiid  iDvii  of  iht 
corps  of  nrlilkry  iiiulcr  lib  voinmnnd,  truly  merit  the-  npplaui'e  and  ibaokl 
of  llie  (lOiirnLl  and  idl  the  onicer-s  or  the  nrniy,  f'lr  llui  K^ai  support 
nfl'ordnl  to  the  troops  by  ilie  well  served  nnd  directed  fire  of  the  nrrlllery. 
Tho>e  who  wete  not  cotifcroL-d  In  artlun,  the  CJeni-ral  liii»  the  sallsraction 
of  Hay t UK  thul  Iheir  ardor  forae.llon  iiii'med  to  e(|uiil  thoHt'  bnivc  men  who 
Bttncked,  and  In  hh  opinion,  nothing  hot  want  of  opportunity  prevented 
thuir  giving  t-he  most  Ample  proof  of  their  valor  nnd  driiiucsii.  Th<;  Oea- 
eml  coi);;ratuluU'ii  the  army  upon  the  victor}-  obtnlued,  luid  dln^etH  that 
the  brnvi;  uilicers  who  nobly  fell  In  anion,  b^  Inierrcil  with  nil  tlic  honor* 
of  war.  The  Commlssnry  [«  apply  in  Dr.  TiUotson  for  direoilonfl  where 
to  send  on  inuiCon  ami  other  iiecL>»iaric»  for  the  use  of  tlic  wouiulcd  offl- 
cers  and  soldier*.  The  Gc-oeml  expecLs  that  tbone  who  have  charge  of 
llivin  will  not  Kuffi-r  Ihttin  to  wwtit  for  any  coiiiforla  of  lltv  wbkli  eau  be 
obtained  Ibr  uny  price "    ,     ,    .     . 


OUR  FRENCH  AI-LIE8.  107 


THE  LINE  OF  RETREAT. 

|l:^X  what  line  did  the  Jiriny  I'DtrcHty  CaptJiin  Frederick 
von  Malsbm'jr,  :v  Iles-siun  officer,  says  it  crossed  the 
strait  [Bristol  Ferry]  "and  encamped  on  the  other  side  of 
Bristol."  (Jcnenil  Pigot  reports  that  the  army  in  the  night 
of  the  ;il)tli,  "  rcti-cjited  over  Bristol  and  Ilowhuid's  Ferry." 
That  some  of  the  heavy  stores  deposited  at  the  north  end  of 
the  island  may  have  been  tninsported  acmss  Bristol  Ferry, 
and  that  the  men  employed  in  the  labor  were  "encamped 
beyoml  Bristol, "is  p()ssil>le.  But  that  the  main  armj-  retreated 
over  Ilowhuid's  Ferry,  covered  by  the  guns  of  the  fort  on 
Tiverton  Heights,  is  beyond  question.  The  flat  boats  to  bo 
used  ibr  ferrying  were,  by  general  orders,  concentrated  there, 
to  be  in  icadiuess  for  use  when  needed;  and  Augnst  27th, 
Captain  Flagg,  commander  of  the  ibidem  volunteei-s,  with 
his  ccmipany,  was  detached  to  take  charge  of  them  at  that 
place,  August  ;iOth,  (Joloriel  Thomas  Seers,  Majcu'  Kogers, 
and  Maj<M'  Iliih'r,  of  Colonel  Wadsworth's  iTgiment,  were 
detailed  "to  repair  to  Ilowland's  Ferry,  and  assist  Captain 
Flagg  iu  the  department  of  the  boats."'  * 

Colonel  flohn  Trumliull,  who  served  as  a  volunteer  aid  to 
Gencnd  Sullivan,  in  t!fe  battle  ()f  August  2!(th,  and  per- 
formcil  the  pju-t  of  a  Iniivc  and  cffieient  officer,  siiya  explic- 
itly, that  the  retreat  was  across  Howland's  Ferry.  As  ho 
aceonii)auied  the  army  his  authority  may  be  i-eceived  as 
valid.  On  the  map  printed  on  page  108  and  e.xplained  on 
page  10!l,  and  which  was  prepared  by  the  oi"der  of  General 
Sullivan  for  the  nso  of  the  CJovernor  and  Gcnend  Assembly 
of  lUiodo  Island,  at  the  point  noted  as  "  Howland's  Ferry," 

*3IcinulT0f  4icni.TBl.loliiiUluvcr,  p.fil. 


OUR   FRENCH  ALLIES.  109 

is  this  record,  already  quoted:  "Here  the  American  Army 
landed  Ang.  9th,  1778,  lieginning  after  G  o'clock,  A.  M., 
and  Retreated  the  30th  in  the  evening."  This  statement  is 
confirmed  by  the  course  given  to  the  boats  and  the  artil- 
lery, as  seen  on  the  main  hind.  August  Slat,  the  day  fol- 
lowing the  retreat,  General  Sullivan  issued  a  general  order 
from  his  hendcjuarters  in  Tiverton,  assigning  stations  to  the 
several  brigades  of  his  army.  It  cannot  be  supposed,  had 
the  main  army  retreated  by  way  of  Bristol  Ferry  that  ho 


JiQTK.—fampalffn  Afiip.—\{\eT  the  retreat  fh>ni  Rhodv  Iitlnnd,  (f«n«ra1  Sulllvao  ckUMd 
a  map  of  tliP  caiiiiialjcii  lo  be  pr[-|Hini1,  Rtinvrlng  the  pot>[tion8  •nil  movemenla  of  both  oon- 
tciiillng  ■mile:<  rrum  ih«  9th  lo  tlip  30th  of  August,  ITTV.  Tli1«  lie-  prencnled  to  the  Go*- 
rmur  anil  (iMieral  Axitenibly  for  liicir  in  forma  I  Ion.  Tlie  map  In  on  a  scale  of  one  ntfle  to 
an  Inch.  It  triu  doiibtU-*B  liitrndctl  to  cnllKhten  the  public  aulhorltlef,  and  through  them 
the  public  ((('iicrally,  upon  poiiitH  conctTnliig  n'lilcli  mUapprelicDiiiong  rxUtcd,  bf  making 
el^ar  every  step  tukpii  by  (he  AiiicHcaii  army  from  the  time  of  its  crossing  over  at  IIow- 
landV  Ferry  until  Its  return  to  the  main  land.  Tlie  oriitlnal,  of  nliicli  the  map  on  the  oppo. 
•ile  page  U  a  iwluccU  copf,  \t  Ililrtj'elght  Inclioi  in  k-ngtii,  measuring  from  "  Common 
Fence  Point,"  north  of  Ilowland'it  Ferry,  to  "  Hrenton's  Ilecr"  It  I*  a  neat  epcclnien  of 
pen  drawing,  and  highly  rreililabic  to  "J.  Denl«on,  Scrip."  The  existence  of  this  map 
waa  nut  known  until  during  Govvmor  Chnrloit  ('.  Van  Zanill'i  ndnitnintratton,  1878-'60. 
wlico.  In  making  some  chanj^n  In  the  oWce  of  the  Secretary  of  State  In  the  State  lioD»e  in 
Providence  it  waa  dlitcovered  mid  brought  out  of  the  Iitdlng  place  where  it  had  probabljr 
been  for  half  a  century  or  more  concealed.  For  pcnnisFton  to  make  the  foregoing  copy,  I 
am  Indebted  to  the  kind  consldemtlon  and  Interest  of  tlie  Hon.  Joshua  H.  Addeman,  See> 
retary  of  .Stale,  In  wlIo^»e  care  this  valuable  relic  of  Khode  Inland  in  the  Kevolulion  Is  pre> 
•en-ed.  In  reducing  It  to  the  *l*e  here  iireitenlcd.  It  became  necessary  to  omit,  for  want  of 
room,  several  of  the  longest  deecrlplfuiifl  of  iiiovemenlR  found  In  the  body  of  the  map. 
Tliexe  are  given  In  the  folluwing  "  fUplnnaliun,"  and  the  localities  may  readily  be  traced 
by  reference  to  the  initial  lelterd : 

E.tPL.VSATIOS,  ' 

A.  "American  Army  under  the  command  of  the  llon'bic  <ien1  Sullivan." 
H.    "ItrltUh  llui>ii" 

B.  L.  W.    "  British  linen  and  Works." 

B.  A,    "  Itrllish  Army.    Order  of  March." 

(  "  Here  a  Dcvere  Cuiinonadlngand  Itombardlng  on  both  ddea  began  Ang. 

J         I7lh,  177ti,  and  continued  till  the  27th.'' 
<•.    "British  Army.    Onier  of  Battle." 
D.    Dnrfee's  Hill,  (not  "Daify  Hill,"  as  on  the  map). 
Y.    Turkey  Hill. 
[].    Buttn'HIII. 
A.  H.    Almy'j  iltll. 

O.    "  BrilUh  Itt-doubts,"  north  of  Easton's  I'ond. 

Wlndiolll.    '■  Her<'  the  British  Army  came,  up  with  the  Light  Corps  of  Genera)  SuUlvaa, 
which  wan  in  advance,  Aug.  2Uth,  177H,  7  o'clock,  A,  M.,  when  the  battle 
of  that  day  began." 
A.  B.    "American  batteries  and  covered  way." 

It.    Uonlnud's  Ferry.    "Here  the  American  Army  landed  Aug.  9th,  1778,  beginning 
aner  0  o'clock,  A.  M.,  and  Retreated  the  30th  in  the  evening." 


RHODR  ISLAKD   IN  THK  RKVOLrTION. 

tvuiild  SO  aoon,  nnd  in  view  uf  the  posaiUlo  movcmenU  of 
the  enemy,  have  )top»i-nted  himself  from  it  l>y  m:)kin^  his 
hoiiKjniirtor^  so  fur  iiwiiy.  After  lilt*  iiriiiy  huti  tx-atrheil  the 
uiiiiti  liiml  liy  HdwliuKr^  Ferry,  it  erossoii  the  Tiiiinton  river 
at  SlH(ie*s  Kerry,  ami  its  brigades  pnn,-***!?*!  to  the  stntions 
nssig^ieil  them. 

Of  this  fnct  the  testimony  nf  the  Hon.  Tlieodnre  Foster 
relievea  all  doubt-  He  had  been  sent  to  Tiverton  on  public 
biisinej!*,  .■iiid  reEnnined  thf-ru  imlil  September  2.  1778. 
I' ikIit  that  date  be  writes  :  "This  nioniinjr,  hH\in»  finished 
tiikiiig  nn  ncconnt  of  the  public  stores  at  Tiverton,  nliout  10 
oVIock.  A.  M.,  1  ^ot  up  ray  h<ppsc  and  ehuise  and  set  awuy 
from  Mr.  Snmiiel  Dui-feeV  for  Pi-ovidentv.  I  was  hindered 
sometime  iit  SludeV  Ferry,  whei*e  they  wv.w.  trnnsiJ^Jiiin;^  the 
baj^go  of  the  army,  and  having  heard  thtit  part  of  the 
army  were  passing  the  lower  ferry,  I  came  over  the  upper 
ferry."  These  letstimiMiieM,  il  in  )ii.)[H>d,  will  make  elear  a 
subjcet  obseiircd  to  some  minds  by  ^[)dsbnrg*s  statement. 


Snxt.~  Ifftroal  <>f  ftiinit  /rCvml. ~Tiir  ■bnimifrmliig  i*  copln]  tnmi  u  liva.rtiir/  ran- 
■tliiiilng  true  uf  ih*  uniKRiPiiia  iJ|Min  ■  *woril  imxnirvd  1>>  ihp  AnirrlicBi  rangmu,  tJimugh 
l)r  Ktmiikliii,  ro  LafuvFttv  lu  ITTO, "a*  B  cninll  maj-fc  if  ilirlr  KT*ttrul  ii':l(i«iirk-ilBTniMit* " 
liir  111*  ill^lliijiut'tiril  ■rrrlcrs  III  III*' rauir  (if  Aiiirrli'ttii  Knt-iliim.  "  tjtttjelti^  I*  rrjwc* 
wnrril  >•  •iirri>iiii<lnl  bj  a  niiinlii'r  at  AinrrloMi  onn^rs  »)>l  |>n>toollDg  iIh  mar  guard. 
Ho  1i  tiliinr-l  111  till-  fimitrouiiil  or  llir  ba*-rtlif/."~t'i4itmrt,  ii.  f7- 

Til  MVi'  llila  twiiol  TtTim  llw  taiiilallHii  af  IIk  n\f;u  <^f  Irtmr.  It  wai  burtnl.  tiiil  wtivn 
dill iilo (111  •oiiir  >rat«  an«r,  ill*  IiIuIq  wak  fuuiii]  lu  Unw  tir^ii  MiiiiplrU'l]'  •■aim  nnij  clr- 
fflri>y«4  W  ruit.  I^ari-'lt*  KitiMH|Dnollr  liail  K4JuMnl  to  Ihr  hiU  lilt  blwla  of  ■  ■word  pr*- 
■riilinl  !•■  Iilai  by  IIh*  Nalloiuil  Uaanli  uf  l'«rU,  nannfhrliuvi]  from  Ihn  Iron  bvlla  auil  ban 
«r  tlH  UaMBe. 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIRS. 


Ill 


GENERAL  SIR   ROBERT  PIfiOT'S  NARRATIVE. 

BIFAKTLVJj  history  nutliorizes  a  honring  of  both  sides  ; 
and  ;is  supplementary  to  tho  for<'g^»iiig  account  l>y  Gen- 
enil  Siilliviiti,  (ii'iierjil  PijiafH  imrnitivf  uf  tin*  i'tmi|migiif 
written  I'nmi  a  Kriiish  titaiui-|Miint,  U  here  fiivcn.  It  nas 
nclclre^sed  to  (iencrnl  .SirUenr)' Clinton,  and  bearo  date  New- 
port, August  31,  1778.*  It  was  printed  in  tlic  London 
"Ojizettc  Kxtraordinnry,**  October  15,  1778,  and  repub- 
lished in  "The  Ijondoii  (icntleman's  Alngnzine"  for  Xovem- 
her,  the  sumo  year.  It  also  appcuivd  in  ''l^c  Kcinem- 
hmncer.''  The  text  of  "The  Gentlemnn  k  Magazine"  \»  here 
followed : 

"  Tltoagli  by  my  neveml  tclterti  (tincc  tho  Zixti  of  July  last,  raore  eflpB- 
clftlljr  Ihal  I  had  the  honor  of  writing!  by  Men  U-ii  ant- Col  one]  Stnnrl,  nnd  the 
accuracy  of  hU  irit«lliic<>iir4-,  Ymir  KxcclleiKy  wjll  harr  bron  iiirornieit  of 
the  slnti'  of  iiIToirx  liprc  to  lh»  ^'IIU  InHtnnt;  yet  mi  mnny  of  Itieno  Ifttent, 
rw»D  the  niicerUhiLy  uf  (he  cominitnlcntlon,  may  iiot  liaie  reached  y<>a.  a 
Kuraniniy  of  the  tmiiMirtlviis  »Iuce  ibe  29tli  of  July,  when  ihe  French 
fleet  arrivi-O.  tu  ibo  lut  pvrluil.  will  not  be  MnDvcowary,  tuul  rosy  belp  to 
«xplnln  evcnLH. 

■•  From  ilie  riTsi  ■ppi^nnince  of  the  fleet  to  the  eih  tn^tAnt  onr  nLmoBt 
cxertloDa  v(cn  directed  to  dlKposinR  every  thing  for  resisting  the  com* 
blaed  NttAch  uf  the  French  nnd  n-heU  upon  an;  ind  I  lmin«l1at<-ly  irlth- 
drew  tWim  Oniimitcul.  Itrovtn'ft  ProvliicUI  Vnrjm  and  two  reslmentA  of 
Anapavh.  iviilcli  luul  been  alatioued  there.  The  ir-xI  inornlns  the  kqdb  on 
the  Beaver  Tall  nnd  I>ntupUn  niilterlcs,  tJie  fttrmrr  of  which  were  directed 


■  Hir  Itiibi-rt  l*lsat  WM  bD«t]  Ib  Ktifliiiiil  in  ino.  Vb  took  la  Ihti  prafrnhin  of  uniit,  and 
pMMid  ihroogh  lb*  Krado  of  Mnjur,  I7ar>;  UeulenBul-CulvTiH.  1791;  i.'arom-I,  1773:  Mmlot- 
tl«nrMl,  1777;  la  tIM  of  ljL-uIiMiADM>cQcral,  In  ITW.  Hp  iliallnciiUIinl  Iilum-ir  *t  tUt 
iMItle  of  HDnkvr**  mil.  A*  the  iniccpHor  of  (IvDrTBl  rnT*niii,  he  rMlM  lo  (rain  ■  hijtiwr 
plMC*  In  (hccrtnntor  Hir  clllsrui  vT  .N<wi>(>rl  tlian  wii<  ttllwtalBrd  (or  llRnon'xvpIlrc. 
Ill  Ilii' liitlllr  on  lUiurlr  Iiiaiid.  Au]|iii>t 'JVtK,  ITTr^.  <;<-uiral  llfOl  rodi'lollu-  Hrlil  of  action 
tn  Boirlulr,  rrani  olilc^b  t»  ipiT*  Ilia  oiili-n.  Il  iianid  liBTa  born  iHtlrr  Tor  liU  fvpiilalloii 
la  lilviop',  lt«il  h*.  •Jurlne  lil*  milltarr  adniiiUMnticn  an  iht  Ul>i>d,  rxhll'ttcd  norr  maf- 
NBaluillj-.  Bncl  a  laorr  cilik4  obM-rrpniw  of  thv  riilM  of  wkt.     He  4lcd  AajpMl  l.  tTVO. 


112 


RlIonK  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOU'TION. 


nlth  some  effect  agalnut  two  Une^Kif  baltl«  alilpH  tluit  entered  tlie  Niirr&- 
l^tiN^ll  Piwn«K«,  were  n^idcrwl  uiiBvrvlconbli;,  as  tin.'  flovl  piili^riii;^  Hn; 
bnrbor  would  cut  olT  all  commuiilcatlou  with  the  L^laucl;  of  wlikti  iIk' 
Freiicli  Adiiili-ul  tsitoii  Atlvr  took  »  iL-inpornrj'  pc>«4fiiKlon,  aatt  Intidcd  the 
mnrliirH  of  lils  Hqiindroii.  During  ihlH  perlotl,  tlte  King's  Pislivr  iiid  two 
gnlUt'fl  wi-re  ot)lj;;c<l  to  be  net  nn  tin;  and  uni;rtvard.i.  on  tlic  r<Lli.  the 
Tonr  mlraiiccd  frl^iilos,  tTler  saving  bdinc  of  Llivlr  stores,  and  sectitint;  llitt 
lAnding  of  thv  svaiucn. 

"  \Vhi-^]i  ll  wnn  fvldfiil  ilic  French  flt-ot  nrro  c^mlnfc  Into  llie  Iiiirhor  It 
Iwcainc  ntH,-c»siiry  to  collect  gur  forces.  nuO  wlilidraw  lliv  truopB  frojii  the 
north  part  of  tbe  islaniL,  which  \vn»  nccuniliidy  iIodc  that  evctiinf;.  I 
1I1(ch1.4«  ordcri-tl  nil  the  cuttk-  un  lliu  iHlnnd  to  l>c  drivi-ii  wlltiin  our  lints, 
k'svliig  oul>"  onv  cow  Willi  a   runilly. 

■'  Oil  ilii^  8t]i.  the  I<'niK-h  fleet,  which,  frotn  \ia  dntt  oppcnmnce,  had 
contlnilfil  wllh  ttlllc  vHriiilion  ut  nnchor,  .iboiit  tlirit;  nilU'^  IVom  the 
nioHth  of  llio  harbour,  f^iit  under  way,  and  stiiiiiiin!;  In,  undi>r  n  lljihl  maII, 
k«pt  Dp  a  warn)  lire  ou  Brv»ton'»  I'uUit.  GohI  Ulaiitl,  niid  llie  North  Bat- 
U;rl«!>>  which  retumcd  ivjtii  eiiniil  sjilrlt,  and  In  a  good  direction. 

•■  The  m'xt  ninniirig  we  hod  the  plcnsnrii  to  nee  tli«  iCnfilLth  Beet,  and  I 
]inmcdial(-ly  sent  on  bourd  to  coniiiiuaicAtc  to  Lord  Hovrc  onr  Klliintton, 
niid  that  of  the  enemy.  Ity  nine  o'clock  the  foUdwhif;  day  lUc  Frcncli 
flet-t  n-fnisij4nd  our  butlcrit-t,  and  xalkd  out  of  the  Imrlmur,  llrinx  (iii  Lliem 
H»  bi^rore,  snd  having  it  n-turnt-d  with  equal  spirit  on  our  side.  By  this 
caniionmlv  fVuni  tlii,-  xhlps  i>ii  both  dnyx,  very  furtiinatciy,  not  en«  man  was 
hurt,  'ir  any  liijnry  Uouc.  cxcciJl  lo  aonio  liuiiscs  In  towa.* 

••  I  Bliall  now  procMfl  lo  Itifonn  Yonr  lijcci-lli'nry  of  the  RioTenivntii  of 
the  cnwmy  froiu  the 9th  in>t(iiil.  when  they  lundid  from  llowland'H  Ferry. 

"Th*  bfliliiess  of  llie  wiuthi-T  fnr  soinv  djiy.t  niiii-l  liaie  prtvi^^nLcd  their 
traosportl u);  of  Hlnri'M.  or  l«i-iiig  in  ririHliiH'KH  to  n|)|iro:i('h  un,  ox  lltey  diil 
not  inuke  llirir  npp^r.-irxncx'  ni-ur  us  till  the  Ulli,  wlien  a  hirgc  body  limk 
poHHcxNiDn  of  Iloneyman'F)  11111, 

■■  To  rrpvl  any  attempt  from  tlitit  qourtt^r,  a  brcaslwork  wa*  dirwrtcil  to 
be  Diadv  along  the  Heluhts  ft'oin  Grvcn  Knd  lu  trisli's  Itciloubl,  wlilvh  wan 
>tr«nslhvncd  by  ou  ubbails. 

"  On  the  I7lh  the  enoiny  wait  «UiiCDv«rcd  brcahing  ground  oa  lloiiey- 
niaii's  Hill.  »u  thcituniuiit  of  which,  nnrl  on  their  rlehlor  the  Green  Kud 
Road,  thi^y  were  ciin.'iinictliiK  a  txiircry;  the  next  dny  nnotiicr  was  com- 
mencrd  by  lhi>n)  for  Un-  gunn  to  their  left,  nud  hi  it  dir<;L't  Utic  wllh  the 
former,  which  was  pii-piired  for  four.  On  tliU  day  a  Uni.-  of  approach  was 
llkewlfD!  Iii>u;iin  by  them  from  the  battnry  on  tli«  rij^ljl  to  Urceii  Knd  Kuad, 
which  workit  wv  i;ii«1v)Lvureil  to  ohetruct  by  keeping  a  continual  Arc  on 


•AitmlDil  llowc  liniHil  ti.'hiiti-  IhiiiIM  tl>i>  rronim  on  hniml  lit*  fln-1  in  •uc)i  m  inuiincr  •« 
til  n*nili-r  tlii-rrtmiL-uf  ••riirn^l  MilliTHii  irrrcarluii*,  and  lljfll  an  owuinj;  vrouhl  huvr  betv 
inailit  Air  nn  ■ttnck  uit  f'mtlilriicr.liul  Iliwitrlrrllii  IhiIIi  iwrtlniliiTt.  lie  IiirnptI  lii<  atlciilloii 
10  Nt-w  Lt«'iironl  anil  Kiilrliavrn,  nhr'tr  uiiicli  ilaniiiKK  wa*  Iiil1li:lt0. 


OUR  FBENCn  ALLIES. 


Uicm.  The  I9tli  thfr  enemy  <>p«iiH  their  left  bnitery.  wMch  obliged  our 
enrampm*iil  to  he  removed  ftirlher  in  the  rti»r.  This  dny  we  hc^n 
ftnolher  llni*.  Tor  the  Hreatrr  wrcortly  itf  our  left,  Tit»n  Irlali'ii  Redouht  to 
Fopniliii*  llillj  nnd  I  tllrrcti?*!  n  bnttwry  of  one  Iwtiitjr-foiiritrnl  two  eiylil- 
ern  pounderfi  lo  bo  niUcd  on  oor  rial"'  bicastwork,  to  coanU-nrt  ihow  of 
Ihe  enemy,  wlikh  wns  opened  ihL-  fulluM'tnit  dayi  wlien  they  were  observed 
buitietl  iti  fomilng  a  !>eco»cl  npproarlv  Cram  tbo  (lr»t,  tu  i  nvurvr  distance  on 
the  rootl. 

"At  noon  itir  FroiH-h  Rcet  ngiiin  eniiic  In  view,  mnch  tllnat>)i-d.  and 
niH-hort-d  off  Ihf  port,  \iihere  It  roHliimt-il  till  tlie  22d.  when  tl  finally  dlJi- 
■ppeiiTLil. 

"ThU  diiy  Iho  rcheN  nert-  comttnicllng  two  other  halt*ri«i  much  lower 
(lonn  the  hin  ttiiin  the  former,  one  on  tbo  rlglit  for  Ave.  th»  olhi-r  un  llw 
Left  of  (irecn  KikI  Rmid  for  fieven  giinv,  holh  of  whk-h  were  opened  tlio 
next  •lay,  wbi-n  I  found  It  tieL-M»ry  to  (ittempt  sllcucht^  Ihcin,  nml  then-- 
fore  ordered  n  halUrr  fi->T  seven  tienvy  g\m»  on  cotnmsmllns  ground,  near 
Green  Kn<I.  wlik-h  Jn>m  the  otwlnietlons  f(iveti  )>y  the  cni'tityS  lire,  ronid 
not  lie  coinpkled  llll  Ihe  K.5th,  when  the  rebels  thonght  proper  to  ctii»«  the 
embnisures  of  Ihclr  lower  iHilterkw,  and  make  use  of  thein  for  niort»r«. 
Oiirliijic  tbifl  lime  tbcy  h»i]  bvcu  constructing,  on  the  lielsht  of  the  Rwtt 
Road,  another  one  ofthfrtecn  iTiclieN;  and  Mils  duy  began  n  third  approncli 
In  IW>nt,  nnd  to  the  rl°liL  of  their  lower  btttterle^t. 

•■  The  iUth,  dlw-«>vi -rinK  Ihe  enemy  to  dhtcontlniie  their  works,  ami  learn- 
Inff,  from  dvnerterN,  thnt  they  were  reiunvliig  the  ofHcers' biiggftge  and 
hmvy  nrttllery,  I  dvtncli'd  Lltolennnt -Colonel  Bnice,  wllh  one  hundred 
men  of  the  dfty-fotirih  reKlincnl,  tn  the  titulil,  over  Easlon's  bench.  In 
ques:  of  lntell1j^M)ce,  who,  with  ^n*At  aildre^s.  xnrprliicil  iiiid  hruu^hl  off 
a  piquet  of  two  offlceni  and  twenty-Bvc  men,  without  nny  loss.  Some  of 
t'olonel  FaitninzN  ci>i-|mi,  at  ilirTerent  times,  exerleil  themftclTM  In  taklni; 
off  people  fVnm  the  enir'my's  adrsncecl  pitatM;  but  little  intc111|^nee  to  be 
ilepetidcd  upon  wiui  ever  uhlAliied  from  Iheni ;  nor  were  other  ntlentptu  to 
procure  It  Tuore  elllencluuii.  as  froia  all  thai  could  be  leanietl  it  waa  doubt- 
fiil  wlK-Lhcr  their  InU'utlonfl  were  to  allnck  our  llnea  or  retreat. 

"On  il»e27lh  the  Sphynx  and  two  other  chip*  of  war  arrived;  and  1 
had  the  honor  of  heln^  liifonnt-d  by  Colonel  Stuart  of  Your  Kxcellency'n 
Intention  to  reenforre  UiU  port. 

-On  the  Pi.lldwlniK  tiny  llie  Vlsllniit  unlley  took  a  atatlOD  to  cOTer  the 
left  flunk  of  the  iiniiy;  nnd  nt  leu  o'clock  that  nlyht  the  rebeb  made  an 
attempt  lo  copluru  a  silbnUeru's  piquet  fl-om  Ihc  Annpach  corpM,  but  were 
repube<l,  after  kUllwt  onii  man  and  wonndliig  two  other*. 

'*On  the  Stith,  nt  the  lireak  of  day,  It  wa«  perceived  that  the  eovmy  bad 

*TaDinB]i*  Tiruemg  h  m  amtrmrtiam  at  ITanHmriomimy.  t)ii-  ■>■■»?  »r  Ikr  laat  f«etic(n 
•if  like  AqutdnlckJ.  TIkf  hill  laki  ( )<■  nwiw  Tnm  Umi  ■  1>ipr,  mii)  nol  iViifii  .Via-tina^i,  ttiir 
SwnKanvll  rtaclim,  u  hhw  liavr  «at>|tiMi^.  It  b  MMiHlmri  MUcd  nuwaMitf.tiul  Ton- 
<tmg  l>  |liK  Biora  ittBat  fiitm  of  t.hlirr\i»ilnn. 


lU 


HIIODR  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLDTION. 


retrestctl  (luring  lUe  nlgtit,  npon  whlrh  MnJor-rrKimrnl  I'reorott  was 
onleivd  lo  ilcuirh  a  PcglnK'nt  fyoni  ilie  accontl  liiio  tiiidcr  lih  commund 
awtr  Koiiton's  ili-furli,  rownrds  llio  Un  flank  of  ibo  (*ijeiii)'ii  vncaiEipment, 
nnul  n  part  of  BruMii'ii  corpN  tvim  tllrroind  Lo  tnkc  {H>!<!!««siun  of  tliclr 
works.  Al  lh«  Miiini'  tliiir  Unijiiilltfr-Uviicnd  SiuHb  wns  dotaclied  wlili  Ibo 
twciiiy.»iei.-ijnd  ■ml  forty-lblrd  reBlitieiils.  nml  tbc  Hank  conipiiiik'S  of  U«,' 
lliIny-gJKbiliuud  flftyfourtli  by  iln;  Ka>t  Itoitil.  Miijor-UciiiTiit  hosslM'rjj 
tiiuruliiutt  by  lUc  VVesi  Koad,  with  llie  Hos-slaii  ('hasseurH  and  the  Anspacli 
rvgimciits  uf  Vort  iiml  Seabnib,  In  ordiT,  If  i>o».'*ible,  lo  annoy  tlw-m  in 
their  rt.-trciil;  nnd  upon  receiving  il  report  fVom  (it-niTuI  Siullh,  lliiii  tliL- 
rebels  mudi.-  a  stand,  and  were  iii  force  upon  Quriki^r'^  HIil.  I  oiitrred  Uie 
liriy-foiirth,  Ilrown'H  corpx,  Lu  nnxUla  hhn;  but  before  they  conid  iirrivi', 
the  perseverance  of  Ocucral  8u]Uti,  and  Uic  nplrltcO  tic-liavluur  of  (be 
iri)<)p8,  hud  |:nlm-(l  po^^t-i^siun  of  i1il>  htruutc  po!<t  on  QntikiT'^  Uilt,  mid 
obliged  Ihe  enemy  lo  rtt!r«  to  tlit-lr  works  nt  ibL-  imrlli  t-nd  of  ihe  Ulniid. 
Oti  linirin^  n  Hoinrt  IIt'o  fr<ii]i  thi?  (.*ba>u'crn>  cniiinifcl  on  Ih'C  Wi.'al  UdjuI,  I 
dispalcbi?*]  Colnuel  FhuuId^'n  corpn  of  I'rovhiciaW  lo  Join  General  l.oss- 
bur^l.  wIioobtI;{«d  Hit-  rebob  to  quit  two  rulotibU  uimle  in  cover  ctivlr 
r«tr«ut,  drovv  tliviii  l)t.'A>ru  blin,  and  look  possL«tiion  of  Turkey  Hill. 
Tovrnrd^  ^veninz.  an  nitempt  beinft  ninOi.-  by  ibe  iviiclft  to  ^nrrniind  iui>il 
cHl  off  the  Cljnj-sciirs,  who  n-crc  advanced  on  the  Icfl.  ihc  icglinenLs  of 
KatMiintc  mid  lliiyu  were  tirdercd  tip  to  llielr  mipporl,  and  niter  a  Auiart 
engnserm-iit  witb  th«  rneniy,  obliged  tbeni  lo  rclrviit  lo  tlicir  main  body 
Oil  Windmill  Hill. 

"Ttds  tiiutit  the  lri>ut>9  lay  on  llieir  nrins  on  tliu  ffrtuml  tliey  lind 
gained,  nnil  directions  wcro  given  for  bringing;  np  thi>  ciimp  eqidpngo. 
ArUllcry  wren.'  llltcivlt^o  itonl  fur.  and  prepnraiin&it  inudu  to  rcmovv  the 
rohels  from  Iheli*  redoubts;  but  by  moana  of  tlie  iufcm  number  of  boaU 
tbeyretrP9iU»l  in  tbe  hIkIiI  of  tlie  .tULIi  i>ver  llrUlol  .itid  Jir>wlfliid>  Ferry; 
tlius  rellni|olshlng  every  liuld  on  the  i>ilxnd.  and  resi;julng  to  ns  Its  entire 
pu» Hess  ion. 

"Tbe  prbouLT!^  taken  od  thv  !l9tb  aro  iiol  tnauy  la  number;  but.  t  have 
renvoi!  to  holievc  the  killed  and  wounded  of  t!ie  rchciA  In  erfntfr  ihnn  ihnC 
In  the  rctnm  I  biive  itio  honor  lo  enclose  yon  of  ours;  tlit-  totnl  of  which 
waj*  !  captain,  1  volunteer.  4  sergeants,  31  rank  AUd  !llc.  1  driver,  killed; 
2  ciptalnif,  .1  liunLeniintH,  7  cnslgrus,  13  sergemiUK,  1  drunuuer,  1«()  riink  nnd 
(lie,  'i  drlrers,  wounded;  1  licntenant,  1  sergeant,  10  rsnk  and  file,  tuiiw- 
liiK" 

*■  Xama  of  thf  OJIcrrt  iilM.  wovndfd  and  miniHg. 

"Klntik  companies,  Llcntcnnnt  Swlney,  thtrty-dgbtL,  prlsooen  Llen- 
tennul  Laynrd,  iiay-fourili,  woiiudcd. 


*Arl>i»lil'»»rnmnt  iHlfrn  widtOy  rMm  tlil.i  ilklrtni-iil.  Hr  »«j-ri-  "A  tirliim  i.r  tlip  killed. 
WDVUilv*!  Mint  Eitli'^iikp  tfhovn  tlip  wlitilc  loftA  of  llio  AmprlcKiiv  In  tin*  ncthm  Ut  hr-  twci  liiizi. 
Arv(\  aod  trlvvcn.  i1inl  of  Ilic  Urlllali  triu  »t  tint  luppoici]  l«  be  nliuul  ocvrii  liiiiidrrd.  bul 
WB>  aRrrwrnil'  rmiiKl  In  ■niniiDt  Id  our  Iliouuuiil  and  lircnty-Ibrci*,  indiMlln(  Hum:  taken 
prlKWicff.-'-WtM.  «■  /..  (i-,  p.  «*. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIKS. 


115 


*'Twrntjr-BMonii  rcj^lmrnt,  DeateiMnt   Clrj;horn.    Ensigns    norland. 
Proctor  niid  Adam,  woiiiKled. 

"  Fort^-tlilnl  rf;:)uit-nt,  FiimIs»m  ItuchA  and  Afllick,  wounded. 

**H'>jat  Artiltery,  Second  Lk'iiti'niinl  Kt-mbli-,  woiiiulwl. 

"  HaytrK    regimc-iit,    (."aptnln    Sclialleru,    killed ;      Cnpuilii    Wagvucr, 
wounded. 

"  l[if)»lnii  Cliussfiirs,  Cuptaiii  NoUcnias,  Biirlon's  rcglaKtit,  Llcutrn- 
■lit  McnarluK,  L-JtigravL-'i,  woundrd. 

"  Kln^.H  Amcrirnn  regiment,  LleaUMiaDl  Campbell,  KoatgnA  Eoaltck  and 
l^rdf.  troundc-d. 

"Voluulber  Eiuilacc,  Klu^f'ii  Antvrtcaii  reglincnL,  ItlJlod. 

"H.  I'lGOT.""* 

It  will  bo  sficn  ihiit  this  rop«rt  of  (Jencral  Pigol  is  very 
cart-fully  tlrawii,  with  most  of  the  features  of  tbe  ciimpiiigii 
unfiivornlilo  to  liiiiii^etf  kept  out  of  view,  aiul  with  an  ori- 
tleiit  design  to  Icjivp  an  impression  thiit  a  rirtory  hnt\  hcen 
avliieved  hy  liiii  furccn;  k(;epin<;r  out  <it'  »ipltt.  ulso,  the  fact 
that  Gi-iienil  Sutlivini  held  \n»  •ri'otiiid  until  all  his  phiiis  fur 
evacuHting  the  island  had  Jtocn  completed.  The  pushing  of 
the  Biilii-h  biu-k  lo  their  redoubts  uu  the  hill,  ^vhere  they 
were  coverud  I'ruui  further  purauit,  and  the  retreat  of  the 
Aracricane  from  the  island,  made  without  deriuiis  molesta- 
tion, placed  the  feather  of  Iriiiniph  in  the  eiip  of  General 
Sulltviin. 


GENERAL  SULLIVAN  RETIRES. 

LAFAYETTE   IX   lIKIsToL. 

tTEK  the  retreat  from  liliodo  Island,  (ieneral  Sullivan 
rc-cst(ibll»hed  hh  heiulquartere  in  Providence,  where 
ho  remained,  wuti-hing  over  the  safety  of  (hat  town,  and  of 
other  coast  towntt  of  the  State,  until  the  spring  of  177!), 


■  Prlcr  lo  til*  rvMvalhiii,  CipnvtMl  Itgat  ivllrrd  ft«ni  the  cuvHiaML  of  lb*  araaj  ami  «M 
MMtwilnl  It;  Uvn«nil  I'rrwMl. 


116 


RHODE    ISLAND    IK    THE    RKVOLrTIOS. 


when  bo  was  called  to  lead  an  expedition  ngainst  the  Ind- 
itins  in  wustorn  New  York.  Hefore  Iciivinjr,  the  town,  March 
in,  1779,throu;rli  Theodore  Foster,  Town  Clerk,  IIU  Honor 
l)epiity-(fovcrnor  Jahez  liowon,  Mr.  .lolin  Brown  and  Mr. 
David  Howell,  presented  to  him  the  following-  iiddrcss : 

**  7h  the  IlonurtMe  J»ka  SulUmti,  Ka^.,  MnJor-HeKerai  in  Ike  Armiet «/  the 
Untifd  ittatfM : 

"Sir:  — A»  you  have  Husuiiiitrd  ilic  lilith  ottict  of  Cymmatnler-In-Cliier 
of  this  I'ONt  fur  about  it  year  panl,  and  ilurlns  thai  wliok  iliiic  liiivv  care- 
Dilly  nucddcil  to  ami  cnrdliill;  promotcil  ihc  iu'«cc  luien-st  and  siiMj"  of 
the  SLnU'  III  jB:^-i)(T;d.  himI  of  Lhh  town  In  pnrtlrtdnr;  nil  tlint  |trud«ncc 
coitid  »ii;i!tPA>.  tliHl  dlll){eiicc  could  vfR-ct.  or  vnlor  iittenipt,  1iii!i  bcrn  done 
for  D».  But  m  Ilje  nervlcc  of  AiiiltIch  Is  now  lo  dvprire  ii!>  «if  your  Rir- 
iIkt  coiitliiiiiuicc  tieru,  anil  calls  yuu  lo  llll  the  Knmu  lilncli  uOlce  In  more 
linpurtant  romrnandN,  we  can  (In  no  U-ki  Ihnii  Uonetlly  return  ycm  our 
BlDCcrr  Ihnrikii  and  mont  grdbelVd  acknoiTlecl;:iDCoU.  Wl^hliig  you  the 
bltfl-tlDS*  of  liMVfD.  AUCi;4->s  i»  llll  yotir  off'orl.'a  l»  wrve  your  couiilry,  thftt 
you  may  li)i|iplly  trend  tlie  cunrtu  of  viriuc,  ami  flmdly  ri-ach  tlic  temple  c»r 
fUiiie, 

*■  W(t  are.  Sir,  wHh  every  acntlmciit  of  jtratltude  an<l  llio  Iilg)ie»t  respect, 
Vour  t]onor*9  motil  obedlenl,  )lUllll'^k■  yervanU. 

"SlKiieO  by  (he  unnulKious  onlti'  and  In  helialf  of  the  town  of  Provi- 
dence, ai,M:iiibli-d  uii  iIil-  IVth  day  of  March,  1779. 


3i^£o9o7^^a^/^ 


"  7wtM  Cia-it.- 


To  this  the  General  replied : 


"  Tn  tht  rtxjMCtablefretnun  and  inhaMtanU  nf  th*  town  of  Provttifncf  : 

"  I'crmit  me,  flentlemeii,  in  R-tiirn  ymt  my  most  niiiccre  and  cordial 
nrkmiulrdiKinrntM,  for  your  very  pollle  aurt  affec^ilcmate  address,  The 
unaniinons  voice  of  so  rciipcctahli^  utiniljerof  my  fellow- cUljtens,  npprov- 
ln;r  my  coiiduct  as  <?oininatidcr  ID-Ciduf  of  IIiIh  (luparlmeuL,  affurlii  me 
uuspeukaliti-  satisfaction ;  and  ll  1^  with  i:n-nt  truth  ami  hlnccrliy,  (  as.turc 
you.  ihiil  tlie  imrtlii;;  nilh  ^o  Mpiritcil  and  vlrtuoti!*  a  people.  uhoM'  elTortA 
to  support  mc  iti  niy  commnnds,  and  to  oppose  the  oommoii  ent-my,  have 
8o  well  witnessed  their  xeal  for  itie  IntrresW  of  Amcrico,  give*  me  the 
most  aenslble  palu,  aad  in  a  great  degree  daiii|>H  Ibc  pleasure  arlitliig  Ttom 


OrR  FRENCH  AIXIS8. 


117 


■  proftpect  of  rrndcrlng  my  conDtrjr  essential  acrvlce  In  Lhe  dcpartmcnl  to 
whicb  I  am  uilk-d.' 

'■  I  lLav«  lilt!  honor  tu  Uv,  with  itto  mokt  lirrly  wDtloients  of  «iiU'eai  and 
gmUtude,  Oi-ntlvnKii,  your  obccllcut  servant. 


-c/u.^^^ 


'Z^-Ci.yrz^ 


*Otf|^JjMB  SulllTAn  wiu  born  in  Somtn worth,  N.  II.,  Fcbrunry  tR.  trio,  and  rtceUrd 

,,%|Md  pVrtlMl  nluislliili.  .((trr  mat  lux  >  •"'■i|:r  ti>  llir  Wnt  lii>llv<,  lir  Plilprrai  Ihr  IkK 
I  tifllit  lji>i).  ttttocLlTcrmort.ol  I'cinimoiiili,  N.JI,  llavloircuinpk'Udlili  tliidlrt,  hv 
■mciicril  IliF  pncilcrr  »rlili  prorrMlon  la  liuHiain,  N.  11..  and  1>>  Ills  ftblUry,  h>ilti>lr7, 
lr»mTi>ji  and  r1<B|iiciiiv,  iiwk  ■  dlilliiguldiiil  fmalllon  HI  llir  Itiir  of  111*  iialtii*  :SI«(».  II* 
*-i^.ml  Itie  rrlriiilitlilp  ul  Ihu  ^'^D^w<l^ltlf,  of  the  Uulf!d<l1)^  of  Lowvll,  AiIbtuii,  tiud  01U, 
Mid  riirl;r  |Kiniiuln1  llic  [nlnxlurtlon  tiT  maniifiuM urea  Intu  Stw  ilaia\ni\\tv.  In  17T3  tw 
li«lll  •  (tilunlal  ■.i>inniltiiof>  of  MiO'T.  and  Itv  mLlllary  flirtw  luok  frarn  Furt  Wtlllain  and 
Mary,  tmir  I'orlilnciUtli,  oui-  tmndrvd  bnrrtl*  of  Runiiondir  nod  lirttvn  fiuinaa.  bcitftn 
•mD  Brm*  and  ftiii^i.  The  (piiipoaili-r  wai  utnl  iLl  iti<-  liallln  of  lluiikrr't  IIIII.  In  ITTl 
h*«»r»n1  M  n  niTiiitipr  of  llir  >cw  Hanijwliln'  rrovlmlal  Ann'liiL>ly.  AftiT  llw  t)»ttlD« 
of  LfXlhitton  lUid  (oncortl,  lir  tnarchrdwllhliU  e<»tn»njXo  t  amhtidm;  cnnjing  with  him 
llir  miirlkM rdcd  pondtr.  biilnm  nitnlluiiHl.  Mia  mllllaiy  abllllji  wa*  a|i|in-cl*t ih]  bj  llin 
i'nmliiriitiil  I'uiipT*!,  wiina))polrit«d  Um,  Junt  SZ,  177^.  a  Ilrl|iad(cr-<Jvni-rml,  ftnd  m  tuch 
lip  (ummAiidrd  an  Wiiilrr  Hill,  at  tht  atrgrcif  Budcin.  He  »«•  irii^^l.  );.'%  hi  lUf  rx- 
|i^lltitii B|t»ln*1  I'RiiBila,  aixl  atXft  tht-  itiiturrctiftil  illBrkuii  llir  UrMUli  at  Tlirvr  Rl)«r», 
tlTreted  a  ifclllful  rptrvai.    lie  aOrrwanlf  Juliird  Wnihlnxtoii.  wiu  mndv  a  Majnr-Ornrrnl, 

Kixl  acfrd  ondrr  t'lilimiD  oii  I.€»if|  Inland,  whirr  lie  WD*  lokfu  |iri*aiii'r.  Whilr  ilrlalnrd 
br  w««  parulr^l  bf  <irart*l  tjjrA  IIokc  Iu  vlaft  Ccingrr**  al  riillnilHpliU  aa  llir  bcarrr  ot  ■ 
liropa  ill  ion  from  Ihal  <i~rivrni1.  havliif  for  irmlOi-ct  Ihr  «>iiip(iiliiKuf  llir  itinicalllra  bt- 
Iwrrk  (irrnt  Ilrllslii  slid  llic  CoIaiiIc*,— a  iiincriiivnl  lliat  fnll-nl  nf  ■iicrrta.  At^MT  til* 
rK<<iBii|Ci-  lie  wa>  with  IVDalilnKlon  nt  Wru  (.'lir*lrr,  »nd  after  ibc  ca]i1iitr  of  tjrg  liv  look 
oonunand  of  hl> iHrUInn,  wa*  ri>i;ncril  al  'IVriiliiii  ntii]  tVinrirliiti.  niiil  durliiK  flip  nrvl  *lx 
•DOalha  *w  busllj  accuidnl  lii  fniiil  oflbr  ■iiitlii  urtnj,  wtiirli  imj  iluciri)(  tlir  wllitrr  at  Mar- 

Hmwwp. 

la  AiifiMl,  (SMJ  1777,  Ornrral  flulttvan  niadr  a  dmrnl  on  Btatra  l*laii.|I.  which  but  for 
a  mlualu-  of  Sniallwoiid't  k"'''**-  woiiIiI  liair  liptii  aijiMrt-Binil.  Fur  lliin  fklliirv  lir  «■*  rx- 
oiirratril  Ij  »  •'lu/t  I'f  Iniulrjr,  atiil  Itir  dcclilun  rrrt^rrd  the  NtncKon  nf  runitrra>.  At 
llUT  bank  of  llir  llmiHlinlnr  hr  [rd  llir  right  t>inf!,  and  wai  rxonrrwliil  Uy  WuliEuj^oa 
anri  l.«l!ajt>itr  fn>i»  ibi-  I'liuxr  uf  Ih'Ihi!  rra|KiiitlMr  fur  iliai  ilrftat,  Tlio  furinrr,  Iti  lila 
report  lo  Couirress  MunpllniriiU  firucral  Mullirau  and  the  wholr  right  viing  iif  the  amijr, 
■lio.he  My  a.  sclrd  iminrdtatetj  undn  hla  cjre,  lU' **  a  dtgren  of  gullaiilrji  dial  dbl  ItMn 
llu  lilxhal  huiiur.~ 

In  tlic  wit)ti-r  at  IT77,  tiriirrol  Solllvnn  waa  with  WaililiiKlrin  at  Vallrj  Vntgr.  In 
Aagual,  177)*.  hr  waa  appolDliHl  lo  tbi-  command  al  Ilir  miinllllnn  In  Itliiilr  lalaud.     Itli 

Mntwa  (brrc  and  thvlr  rr*ulli  arr  rrKirdcd  Inthc  iin-M-dlnj;  pugt-i.  ilU  |>rlnci|ial  an<T 
nlUlary  Mnln'  mm  au  rxiirdlllaii  axnbial  lln  Six  Nallmia  uf  Indlaiia.  hi  which  hr  laM 
waMa  Ibrlr  «vlllritirnt>,  ami  ilrli-alril  llir  ImJlnii*  ntitkr  Uruul,  uu4  ilir  '[utici  under  (Mr 
Joha  JohaMD.  In  Nurtuibrr,  I7?p,  owlnu  lu  triiauBJ;  hnpaiird  lH*alth,  lir  tcndiTnt  bll 
rvflgnalion  to  <'uiigrt-M,  wlilch  waa  al  li/ot  dKlioril  bill  floally  BR»|ktnl,  and  thai  bodf 

axpnaud  tt*  apitrrclallpa  uf  hl>  Krvlcea  b;  a  vote  of  ilwtiki.  ihi  ihl*  ooeailoa.  Waahlnc- 
M*  arrota  la  rti>]jr  loafHemHyictlMfron)  tlalllvoD:  *■  1  lliiiir  mjulf  It  li  ■ninnoiaary  ftir 


11« 


BHODE  ISLAND  IX  THK  REVOHmON, 


Gompliinentmy  votes  wore  parsed  liy  the  legislalurea  of 
Rhode  Island  iind  Now  Ilump^hirc.  Addresses  were  also 
prescnti'd  to  Ihv  CiciioiBl  l»y  tlie  officei-s  in  the  Stale  militai-y, 
niedicjil  and  ritsiff,  iind  by  tlic  ortJcr  of  Frco  Masons.  A  vol- 
untary escfirt  ntlcndcd  his  departure  from  Providence  an  fnr 
as  Johnston,  where  a  pnblic  dinner  was  given  him  by  his 
late  coinpiiniuns  jn  armu.* 

LAPAVETTE's   HEADgUAKTERS    AT  BKISTOL. 

"When  I>!ifiiyette  was  stationed  at  Bristol  l>y  Genenil  Snl- 
livati,  (pago  M4,)  he  expected  lively  times  with  the  enemy. 
Writing'  to  Washing'ton,  soon  after  he  cstahlieJicd  his  head- 
quarters there,  he  says : 

'  1  Jini  iinw  iTitriiNlnd  by  General  Siillirnn  with  t1i<'^  nir«  afWanPXl, 
Brlnlol,  Slid  die  eastern  »li«re.  I  am  to  dcfoiKL  acotintry  wllIi  very  Tevr 
troups.  ntio  are  not  iitilv  tu  tlvfl'iiO  more  than  a  »\us}v  iwitit.  1  cannot 
answer  that  ihc  oiiemy  wont  co  autl  tlo  wimt  ihc.v  pk-iisv.  (br  [  nm  nwl 
able  tn  |irfvciic  tlioin,  only  wltli  u  part  at  tlitlr  nrmy,  find  )'i;l  lliU  t>art 
must  limd  Dot  r^r  ttom  inc.  Bnt  1  iniHWcr,  that  if  tlicy  rtmic  wttit  equal 
or  not  very  superior  Torcea  to  tboM  I  naf  collect,  wv  ahull  flog  tticm 
pretty  welt ;  nt  Ivnst  I  liope  bo." 

The  Iioadqiifirters  of  I-afnyctte  in  Bristol,  around  which 
the  lueinuries  of  u  cunlury  ehihter,  ore  thus  minutely  do- 
scribed  : 


mc  to  rr'p'al  (ofou  Itowlils?!  ■  placr  jon  hnld  In  my  tittKin.  'I1ii-  eonildeim'  yuu  liuto 
»Kjii*rlcni'Hi1,  null  the  iiinimrr  li>  ulilrti  ><>ri  liuti'  hif'u  riiiplDiiil  in  •V'vrntI  [rajiorlaal  actm- 
■Ion*,  iFMIf)^  iliu  «aluo  I  tt\  Dp'iii  j-onr  nillliaiT  -qualiftcailoiu,  ami  ihb  rcfnri  1  mnrl  ^9t, 
lliBI  eircittnuliincn  haic  drprlvnl  Ihr  »naj  of  ^uur  ■minrt." 

lu  ITm*  Iw  t(H>k  R  re*.t  In  ruiigniH,  anO  wm  iriR<1p  HmlnuBn  of  >■•  l<n|iiir(Hnl  ruminlllw. 
RdumlDR  fn  flir  prn^Ti<v  at  llir  Ihh.  Iir  tnnk  an  aetltr  part  In  public  iimiin,  and  was 
elcflnl  In  vHriau*  oflleix  «r  rniic  aiiil  liua ur ;  aniong  llirni  IIioip  or  Attornrj- (i^-iii-ml  ntwl 
PncklDBI  of  IIm!  Male.  Ucitm  a  momlwi  of  11k  MbwuIo  l>alrnilly.  Hr  wwItikI  frviii 
Uarvard  t'liiiTnil*  tUr  ilciFnr  Dp  A.  M.,  and  Tmtn  DaHhiaiith  ('oUrt(t  llln  di-gnc  of 
LI.,  n. 

Al  til*  flatr  of  hl<  dpiitli.  .lanaan'  2^.  ITV6,  he  wi*  tnltnl  J*l»ti^  .Iii.Ib'-  "f  Hif  >*»iiH'  of 
New  llatupahlre.  A  Ufi- af  UvtiPtnl  Sulllian,  li;  Ihc  Ki-r.tt.  W.  II.  IValHwIr.  lMiribl<>4l  In 
Sparks  AnwrlMH  Rtagraplij*.  AudIIht  1iii«  br^ii  vrittrn  by  linn.  Tliania*  r.  Amory.  Tu 
tNKli  Of  thcM  llie  mifltr  l>  ivfcnvil  for  ininvaiUiji  panJcnIara  «OD0tTiiln|[  B  (nir  patriot  amcl 
■n  Fncri^lc  tiilllUry  tanunuidnr. 

•LU«or»ulll>-uo.|hVa. 


OCK  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


119 


"  The-  ■  Reynolds  lIonsc.'Lefbyettv's  hendqimrcerii  In  Drislol  ilurliijt  llie 
war  at  tlie  Ttorolullnn,  U  located  on  ttie  east  side  of  llie  mitlo  rofttl  Ivml- 
iits  lo  Wftrruu,  ntiout  llircv  fourths  of  »  mile  DurLli  of  thi^  coiiiiiiK't  pnrt  of 
tha  loirn.  Tl  CrrtMs  to  the  vrest.  with  ilio  IVont  door  In  the  center.  The 
Rinln  bon<i«  h  fi  x  W  rcrt,  thrct*  RtArlos  high,  nitli  itn,  I.  In  Itic  roar.  The 
windows  of  llic  uppiT  utory  io  fi'out  are  one  pane  short.  Jo»ej>li  Hey- 
llolds  owned  the  house  when  IL  vcti*  occoplcd  tiy  Ijifk.vette,  niii]  his  lineal 
desoeniliiiil.  Jolin  I'uvt  KcjimliU,  Is  th'.-  prrnt'iit  nwiicr.  I.ttrnyt-tto':*  xleef^ 
Injjt  rumu  iv!w  tht,'  north  west  dmnilwr  on  the  second  flour.  This  roora 
bus  not  been  clinnscd  lu  uiiy  pnrtlcalar,  except  a  vliauge  of  ftomlture,  since 
It  wiK  oectipivd  by  him.  IDs  dinlns-rooni  nnd  olllcc  was  the  ^touih-west 
room  on  iho  lower  floor. 

"  Tlio  hoiwo  Ih  a  ftnh»tami«l  strucUirc  of  wood,  and  lt.t  general  npp4!ar- 
ancc  tn  (l.ty  U  very  simllnr  to  what  It  w;u  In  the  lime  of  ibc  Ki-volntion, 
The  p'lltit  upon  It  vtxf  while,  or  of  a  very  U(;ht  color,  but  bos  been  some- 
what browned  by  tliD«."  • 

Prior  to  September  24lh,  Ocnernl  Lnfsyctto  removed  bis 
statiun  to  Warron,  as  licing  n  safer  (Hisition.  While  bore 
his  iiuIipit:ition  wns  awakened  by  the  language  of  an  ."nldregs 
signed  by  Lord  Carlisle,  Prejiident  of  a.  ItonnI  of  Itritisb 
Cora  miss  inn  ci-s,  wliiHi  he  considered  rllsrespcclfti!  and  insult- 
ing to  France.  Ja  the  heat  of  warm  blood,  contrary  to  the 
eoimsel  of  Wasbiiigtftn,  he  sent  bi.s  LordHbip  a  cliallcnge, 
which  he  declined  lo  accept,  holding  that  for  his  public  offi- 
cial conduct  and  luodejj  of  expression  he  wag  rutiponsiblo 
onl}*  to  his  King  and  country.  In  bis  subsequent  cooler 
motneuts  Lafayette  coincided  with  the  opiniou  expressed  by 
Washington. 

Concerning  the  action  of  the  29th  of  August  and  the 
retreat,  Lafayette  writes: 

'•  From  nltat  I  have  heard  fW>in  Benalble  and  Mii<Kf  French  (centlcmen, 
the  action  ducH  ;;r«at  honor  to  Oenentl  Sullivan;  he  retreated  In  good 
order ;  he  oppoKi-d,  very  properly,  every  effbrt  of  the  enoiny ;  he  never  cent 
trooiw  hilt  well  snpportc<l,  and  displtiypd  great  coolnras  during  the  whole 
day.  The  ovaciinilon  I  have  «*en  extremely  well  performed,  and  myprt- 
fatr  •>f>fiat"ri  is,  that  if  both  cvtnLs  arc  salisfnctory  to  us  they  arc  rery 
AtiHinvfiil  [•>  tht  Britlsb  fjenerata  and  Iroopa;  they  hiid  so  many  fine 
chances  to  cut  ua  to  pieces ;  hut  tboy  were  a  very  good  people."  f 


■  For  Diii  ilcwiriplUin  oT  r.«ni)rlte*i  liradqiiMlen'l  am  Iniltbled  TO  WlUlam  J.  Miller, 
K«q..  of  lirlilol. 
t  MtmalT*.  L.  p.  SOV, 


120 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


The  General  did  not  remain  long  in  Warren.  On  the  13tU 
of  Outobor  ho  vras  in  PliihidelpiiiH,  anxious  to  ivtnm  to 
Frnnt«,  yet  unwilling  to  sever  his  connection  with  ihe 
American  cause.  Congress,  iinderstandiug  his  feelings, 
voted,  October  Slut,  to  peniiit  him  to  visit  France,  to  return 
"at  such  time  ns  wjig  most  con*-enient  to  hini,"  «nd  thsmking 
him  "fur  tbiit  diniiilercsled  zenl  which  led  him  to  America, 
and  for  (ho  services  ho  has  rendered  to  the  United  Stales." 
Ho  was  also  ninde  the  l>carer  of  iiu  Hppreciative  letter  from 
the  Prusidenl  ()f  Congress  to  the  French  King,  reeommeuJ- 
ing  Iiim  to  the  Koyal  notice  "as  one  whom  we  know  to  Uo 
wise  in  council,  gallant  in  the  fielfi,  and  patient  under  the 
hardsliips  of  war."  Washington  also  wrote  to  l>r.  Fnink- 
lin,  the  American  minister  in  Fnince,  complimenting  Ivufa- 
yettc  for  "  proofs  of  his  zeal,  military  onlcr  and  talents." 
All  this  he  gratefully  apprccinted. 


MORE  ABOUT  ADMIRAL  COUNT  D'ESTAING. 


8.\lt-3  FOR  THK  WEST  INDIES.  — CAPTljlCKS  ST.  VINCENT  AND 
GRENADA. -KKTCUKS  TO  AMT-IItlCA  ^VND  CO-Ol-EUATES  IN 
THK  SIEGE  OI'  SAVANNAH.-HEPULSElt.- KETrUNS  A<JAIN 
TO  THE  WEST  INDIEK,  AND  THENCE  TO  FKASCK.  — KECKP- 
TION  BV   THE  KINO. 

jjraN  page  78,  Admiral  D'Estning  is  noticed  ns  being  still 
^^i^  ill  l^ititun.  cnjoyinE  iJie  hospitalities  of  its  citizens. 


enjoy  uig 

"  The  lichavloiir  of  the  Fn-ncli  offlctTH  nntl  siiilors,  Uie  wbol«  lime  ttmt 
tliHr  Ilo«t  Iny  In  port,  was  rcfnarknt)!;-  gooil.  nir  beyond  iinyihlng  of  lli« 
klixl  ever  before,  wlicn  »cvrrjil  inrii-or-wAr  wore  prcsenc.  Tl>o  Coont 
nmile  a  puint  of  nlnnya  lyluK  im  lioard  at  uintit.  The  offlcors  comliicteil 
wUli  thtf  f^rvnUfti  ir^tiilarlly  nmi  ilvconnn.  Ati  unplf«annt  affl'ay  look 
plucp  bulwccii  sgiiM!  seamen  captured  la  BrllUh  vcaM^ls,  and  some  of  Kur- 


OCB  FKEXCH  ALLIES. 


121 


ftojrne'k  nrmji  wbo  lind  vnllBtetl  lu  prlratvere  Jast  rcBdj*  to  snil,  sdiI  ■  num* 
Iwr  of  Freiicli.  In  miciij{itltitf  n>  HiipprvHs  tlit-  fniy,  iwo  French  oQcvrv 
were  womnik-d,  fluO  oiic  or  LliL-m,  tlit  Clii-vaKcr  <1r  Snitil  Saiivt.nir,  »'i  Imdly, 
that  hr  Hoon  aftt^r  i1l<-il.  ']'}!<•  Mo^^arhiisotts  l<>g):<liitiit'(-  votcil  to  ervvl  a 
tnoniimf  ntul  atoiir  t»  tils  mL-iMory.  (Juiint  D'K»taing  wan  imivh  f{rlcvt;tl 
fur  nil  Dcciirrence  eowlly  in1»)»lvi-pri^Ie4l,  bul  bad  (oo  much  caltuiieAs  nnil 
jfooil  ■ciUtf  to  chiir^-  It  iipnii  thv  bndy  of  tbv  iiitinbitnntK,  trhu  wore  uo 
l««a  coDCcrncc)  at  Ii  than  Uieinsclvva.  It  ilicrcfori:  created  no  (llfiHciitlons 
betwecu  theiii."* 

"The  Atlitilral  autl  all  the  Kivtich  otnccra  are  noir  upon  cxcveiliiigly 
good  Hiotln;:  »i(h  IIk' ^'■iitk-rncu  of  I  be  Iom-u  [UoatoiiJ.  tieiicrul  llmi- 
cock  lakCH  iiiiwciriLd  ]iaia&  lo  jiroiiioU-  a  ^ood  tindt-ralauiULig  u'Uh  the 
Froucb  uOlccn.     Illx  buuM)  In  Aill  n-om  inornliij{  till  ulj^bt,**  f 

Having  (completed  the  repairs  of  his  damned  fle<?t,  IVRs- 
tftinjj  Huiled  in  November,  1779,  with  a  land  force  of  four 
thoiiHiiiul  1110114  on  nil  expedition  to  the  West  Indies.  He 
took  Si.  Vincent  «nd  (irenada,  and  then  sailed  for  the  United 
Sl»tca  to  co-operate  wifh  (ienend  Lincoln  in  the  reduction 
of  Siiviiiimih.  On  theJMh  of  Scptemhrr  he  nppejired  oirthut 
city.  He  landed  titvt  on  Tyliye  IiiUnd,  on  whicli  was  a.  fort 
designed  to  giunl  the  entniiice  to  the  Suvnnnah  river,  and 
fonnd  it  had  been  evncn.ited  by  the  enemy,  (leneral  Lin- 
coln hnd  not  yet  airived.  Count  ruluski  with  his  eouimand 
800U  joined  D'K^tuing,  who,  flushed  with  his  sticcesH  in  the 
West  Indies,  at  once  summoned  the  British  eomrninider, 
"His  Kxcellency  (ienenil  PrcvojJt,  to  surrender  himself  to 
the  Arms  of  His  Majesty  the  King  of  Frunt-e."  The  (Jene- 
ral  obtained  n  tnice  of  twenty-four  hours,  when,  hjiving  Ifcen 
re-cnfon!ed  hy  Colonel  Maitlaud  with  six  hundred  i^colch- 
mon,  hrouglit  frnni  Beaufort,  he  notitied  IVMstning  that  ho 
had  decided  to  defend  himself,  inid  tliat  the  firtni;  of  the 
evening  gim  an  hour  lieforo  8unt?et  wnuld  tie  the  KigtinI  for 
recommencing  hostilities.^     The  granting  of  thi^  (nice  was 


•OmiI<ui.  II-.W-MI.  f  OrMDc  lo  W*>hliictoti. 

t  Manliull  ur*  dx  IhouMiiiil  mm. 

|t:alunrl  MhIiUii'J,  niidlii£  aa  arrivtuf  at  iMsi^ukli  lliul  llic  I'rvncli  lUrl  ItrM  Itir  pa*- 
Mf(r  up  llir  riirt.  rtwiiril  hBvaiiiiiili  ni>|irrrrl<'nl.  ti*  B  pAMa^r  («lln1  WaH'n  rul,  tlirudfli 
1^11  tfvk,  ftj  wMfli  a  mall  bnali  con  111  pau  al  lilgli  valvr.  I>iirliig  ihc  Inrc  < 'nnfrdprat* 
Mnanle  UiU  tVairn  cut  iffuKlrd  tbt-  Tiitttd  MatH  tfuaboui  Uiv  mt«iu  a[  cniorlnc  tlw 

IQ 


1}2 


ItnODE  IfiLAND  TS  THB  BEVOLTTIOK. 


D'KstainffA  ft«rious  n)Utnk«.  Such  truA  the  weakness  of 
the  ItritUli  fiirces,  Ihat  tiiid  ho  mtulc  an  iininediato  a^^jtult, 
ihu  town  rrtuld  cattily  have  boon  tiik<^n.  Siiy*  an  offia?r  pres- 
ent al  lh«  KifRt; ;  "Tho  liravcry  anJ  MnlilKirnuvsii  exliibited 
by  our  frrK>pn,  and  their  tinnnvHs  in  Hefear.  ai^iirc  ns  that 
Sfivanniih  would  have  heen  (>ms  if,  instead  <»f  liesieging,  we 
ha<l  ultaeked  it,  nword  in  bund,  the  very  dny  of  our  arrival." 
lint  ihe  ^Idcn  Mpjmrtiinily  wa^  lout. 

*■  la  ■dilltlnn  bi  tbv  Ksrrisoa  b<!LiriH*B  four  and  Qvt  hiiiitlrerl  negroes 
wvrr  put.  tn  work  U[>on  the  llni-n;  unci  no  rnplilly  did  llx?  lahor  pr<>;fre«s, 
t\m  (N-ftiii-  ttii-  Kremd  nml  .Viorrlcxn  (wtHfrlc-i  'i|m-iK'«1  lln-,  tin-  llrllisli  liail 
raUrd  xroiio'l  ilic  Uitvii  Utlrletfti  HtibMtiiiitliil  rL-^'xibts  mid  Unvt-ii  ^tiii  bnt* 
tvrte*.  niMuntfiiK  vkhty  [ilecef  vf  cnnnun  "  Iwottlcs  flcld  pl«cv9  tlint  vror* 
dliitrl)Hilv<)  iiloiiH  Uivlluc* 

General  Lincoln  having  now  arrived  frum  CharleAton, 
and  (iencra!  Mi.-Intosh  linvin<.'  «'iih  Wi»  foinniiuui  arrived 
fnini  Au;^iiKla,  u  union  of  tin-  Fn>iirh  and  American  fuiveti 
wns  fonni'd  September  Ifiih,  and  Ihc  siege  of  Sitvaiinah  was 
fairly  eomnieneed.  The  Fi-eiii-h  troops  niimlwre*!  4,4;i(); 
the  Anierieahit  [uinibered  2,12/.  n«)lh  displayed  great 
f*mnij.a'.  The  bunibanluicnl  opened  with  lifty-tliree  pieces 
of  heavy  eaniion  and  limrteeu  mortartt,  nnd  eontiniied  d:iily 
witli  nmre  or  less  vigor.  Th(>  fire  was  reliii-ned  by  the 
t-nnmy  with  no  le^it  sprrit,  and  often  with  fatal  efTt^ct.  Skir- 
niisiheH,  sorties  iin*!  ri'pnUes  were  fi-e4iiient.  On  one  ocea- 
aioii  the  French  tiring  wati  I'ltd,  the  niiei-diix>eted  lioniba 
falliti;^  in  jrrent  iniinlH-rA  in  the  trench  romninnded  by  llio 
Viceouiit  (le  N'oailleii,  oeca»i(inc<t  by  n  mir^take  of  a  ship's 
slownrtl  ivho  sunt  to  the  eunuonecrd  a  ke<;  of  nmi  instead  of 
a  kejr  of  beer ;  — the  mix-^Iirection  of  the  giins  soon  making 
visible  Ihu  demoralizing  el)'eel«  of  the  mm.  Another  inci- 
dent of  tlio  (•iejre  is  thus  related  : 


Havannali  rixr  hi  tbc  rrar  of  Kurt  IHilKikl.  mlhuiil  FnciiiiiilFriiiff  llw  flrr  »f  ill  bsllrriM. 
tbvrabjr  (vmH^'Hr  bolBlIng  tiiM  iVinlitoitluu.  >ii<l  «>ii-rir<|t  tnlrml  iii«rkla«  pwitM  on- 
■M*<l  !■  Um  vtMtim  or  luicMlns  iMiirrirt  ul  Vrniu'i  I'lHol,  aoil  ou  the  aorlb  »d  «f 
filnl**  l*LiM  -  VJMipat/  a«p— — >,  towmW'jp  vaMtofai  bf  CMoHm  C.  Jtma.  Jr.,  p.  19. 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES.  123 

"  On  the  23d  of  September  the  English  made  a  sortie  upon  onr  working 
parties.  M.  do  Roiivr6,  who  commanded  the  trench,  having  under  him 
Lieutenant-Colonel  M.  O'Doiie,  repulsed  them  vigorously.  M.  O'Done 
was  drunk.  Ills  natural  courage  and  the  excitement  caused  by  the  wine 
carried  him  beyond  the  proper  limits  which  had  been  pre&cribed.  IIIh 
ludiscrect  Importunity  cost  us  one  hundred  and  Ilfly  men  placed  Aortr  (le 
combat,  of  whom  forty  were  killed,  struck  down  In  tlieir  retreat  by  the 
enemy's  artiUery.  To  replace  this  loss,  the  General  ordered  up  four  hun- 
dred marines  from  the  fleet,  under  the  command  of  their  own  oRlcers. 
This  weakened  the  fleet  still  more.  From  that  time  It  was  in  no  condition 
to  flght,  even  if  an  occasion  lind  presented  it»eir  niid  Biron  [tlie  l^uglish 
Admiral]  had  made  his  appearance."  • 

The  siege  conliimed  until  October  9th,  when  a  despenite 
but  unsuccessful  assault  was  made  upon  the  enemy.  On 
this  occasion  D'Estaing  led  three  or  four  hundred  grenadiers, 
who  made  the  air  ring  with  shouts  of  "  Vive  le  Itoy"  up  to 
a  strong  defence  of  (ho  enemy's  intrenchments,  where  a 
hand  to  hand  encounter  ensued.  Here  be  received  two ' 
sevei-e  wounds,  but  was  able  to  mount  his  horse  and  in  per- 
son order  a  retreat.  He  rode  to  the  village  of  Thunderbolt, 
whei-e  a  hospital  had  been  established,  in  company  with 
Slajor-General  de  Fonttinges,  who  had  received  a  gun-shot 
wound  through  the  body.  Here  the  Admiral  remained  until 
October  iBth,  when  he  returned  to  his  ship.  The  brave 
Count  Pulaski,  who  commanded  a  legion  of  horse,  that 
"  sped  like  Knights  into  the  peril,"  received  a  mortal  wound. 
He  was  taken  on  board  the  United  States  brig  "  Wasp,"  to 
he  conveyed  to  Charleston,  but  just  as  the  vessel  got  out  of 
the  Savannah  river,  (being  detained  several  days,)  the 
wound  gangrened,  and  he  died.  His  remains  were  con- 
signed to  a  watery  grave.  The  repulse  was  complete,  and 
the  siege  now  practically  terminated,  the  besiegers  being 
forced  to  abandon  an  cntei-prise  which  opened  with  promise 
of  success. 

The  casualties  experienced  in  this  siege  were :  French, 
killed,  377;  wounded,  444;  total,  821  ;  Americans,  killed, 

*  SlFg«  or  SnvNnnsh,  p.  S3. 


nnODE  ISLAND  DT  TITE  REVOLUTION. 

12;  wounde<i,  300;  total,  312;  grand  total,  1,133.  The 
Anicricjii)  officers  killed  or  wounded  in  the  iissault  of  Octo- 
Iior  {ith^  lui  fitt  as  Djipeaiti,  wen?  tbo  following : 


Mnjor  Jolin  Jrtncs.  aid  lo  Rcncrul  Mcintosh. 

Second  Itogiinciit.— Miijor  Mottir,  mid  I.lvtiieiinnU  IIuiik^,  Wlckluim  and 
BubIi. 

Thinl  RcjjInH'nt.—  Mi^or  Wise  and  Lieutenant  Bailey. 

General  Wlllltunson'!*  Brtjiatte. —  Optflin  Bvrniid. 

CliurleMcimi  Itt'tflmi-iil. —  CupLiitii  SlK-pliurd. 

Soiitli  (arotltiD  Artlllerj. —  Captain  DoEinotn,  I'harlpsi  Price,  nvoIiint«pr, 
8erjp;anlJa!.v)i-r.' 

WOrXDRD, 

Briendlcr^C^ctieral  Count  PulnskI,  morlally. 

Miijor  l.'KiirniiC  ra|ttA)iH  IlctiUlon,  Ciller  and  Rs^ow^ki. 

Breond  Higiment.—  Caplaiu  Roux,  mid  LJcutcnunts  (iniy  aiid  Potr^e. 

Tlilnl  llf^imtint.—  CupUlri  Furrar,  an^  l.lvute  tin  tits  Uiutati  snd  I}«Sao- 
aitre. 

aixtli  Re!ilm«'nt.— Captain  Bowie. 

ViruinliL  Lfvles. —  LItruu-iinuta  Parker  and  Walker. 

IJ;;!)!  [nrmitry.  —  ('nptfllii  Smith,  of  tltft  ttdrri;  Captains  VViirrrn  and 
IIo;9;»n,  of  I  he  nnh;  I.tei]teniii)t  VieUnd.  ol  the  second;  and  Lk-utciianc 
pArsonn.  of  the  Hfth. 

Soiilh  Carolina  MlllUft.-  Captalntt  DavlH  niid  TrerlUe.  Meiiti'^nanta  Bon* 
neiiu.  IVilkie,  Wudo  and  Wnrdvl,  LlonU.-nnnt  EdwarJ  I.loyO,  Mr.  Owen. 

The  ntimbcr  of  the  French  otBeers  killed  dunng  the  pr<>- 
gtc&a  of  the  eicgo  was  six ;  in  the  attack  on  the  9tU  of 
October,  ten  ;  viz. : 

M.  M.  nercrmunL,  Q.  M.,  of  Uie  rezlmenL  of  fibitlnnLi. 

]>c  Illnllierbe,  olDcer  oT  the  ri^glment  or  CbantpngTic. 

■  Wttttoii  .iMprr  »Ai  n  nklltf  vt  Kiiiitli  rnmlttin.  *ni[  wa>  bnni  about  irno.  H«  rntand 
Uir<  mtttliillniur)-  M-nlrc  «■  B  Srtxi-ao'  lu  llx-  ■m>nirl  Smith  4'amtliid  ircl*»'''>t-  ««  •'Win 
KuMiisl  hlniM'lf  Bi  ilir  ■■laiili  iipiiii  Fori  lloullilc,  .riii»>  7f,  ITTG.  I17  rvcntrrliiji  Ittrm  lh« 
dtlcli  oiilr'il)'  of  I  III'  Hnrk*  llii'  nun  nild  'tlMr  v'lif«1i  Iib4  tHvn  nbol  a>*iiy>  tuid  by  iitlHrlilii|[ 
the  na^  III  a  •jxiiiiP'  ii|«1T.nl"l  rriiUiiliiiK  tl  Olitlic  ]inra|iiH.  In  nttruipHnic  a  ulnillBr  (i-M  Ml 
tlip  nSvftr  I't  Sainiiiiah,  Orliiliir  tt,  ITTV,  !>•■  n-n-li<-<Ia  miTlal  mmiiiil.  tit*  HTirtrct  ■■  atjmir 
•nldlrr  wvrc  rrrosnltc'l  bt  tlic  prvMntfttlon  to  lilm  of  »  liHiiilMrnirc  nword  liy  iinfemor 
Butliilgr.  lie  drrlincd  a  higlicr  punlliun  tlian  tliat  <tt  MTVpnnt,  rr<cUi>jr  IIinI  IiI"  rducMInn 
w«i  not  ■iilltHi-nt  In  wmtsiiI  n  iituhiiiIIoii.  Gl^El«-^ll  MmitirU  icavi-  9)!ma  roving  omnnili- 
afnn.  tindi-r  wtttcti  t\e  rapluinl  iiiBor  ot  Clip  rnrmr.  A  fOunly  111  Uearrl4i,  and  a  public 
■quam  In  Sarniiiia.1i.  perpetiuli:  llic  nuiir  it  tlili  pdluit  |iMtriot. 


OCR  FRESCH  ALLIES. 


125 


Rlacxliwi,  LivntMunt  of  tite  rvtrlmeat  of  Ausonols. 

JiiaImrioo.  LleuU:nai)t  or  lite  rvxliiiviit  of  Aiitcviiul-'i. 
Foni]j>ro8«,  H«coiitl  LieutL-nniit  of  tho  VoLunU'er  GrcKBtliera. 
I)«8eiic£.  CapUin  of  Arllllerjr. 
TotBl.  n. 
M.  .M.  Brow.  Major  of  niHon'a  regiment,  Colonel  of  Infoolry. 
DallKon,  MltlAblpmen. 

D«»LInvllk,  Si'ctjiitl  t.lriiUiniiitt  of  th«  Xavy. 
Molarl,  Llcnlcuniitof  the  regiment  of  AnaaienAO. 
SUncpy.  Secmid  Lieutenant  l>ra^oni!i  of  Condf. 
Taf,  I.lMilvnniit  of  thv  regiment  »r  Dillon. 
GuHInunK!.  Lieutenant  of  tht^  Grrnntllers  of  (iimiklnnpc. 
DeHonlAlini.  UdplAin  of  ttic  Chfiascum  of  UAudcloupe. 
Bolsnoof,  Lk-utcDant  of  the  reultntriU  of  Purt  at)  Princw. 
Dul't'rron,  Ciiptulu  of  SuuT-duty. 
Tutu).  10. 

je  officers  wounded  in  the  attack  of  the  J)(Ii  of  Octolier 
w«ro: 

M.  M.  Cunnt  IVCkCkIuu.  Gvucnil. 

DefontBtiecs,  MaJor-GeiicmL 

DcBctlzl,  Colonel,  and  second  In  commnnd  of  the  reelmcnt  of 

Gntlnolfi. 
nvSlodln;X.  riilon)-!  nf  Infantry. 

DernevlUe.  Alttp-Major  of  IMt  Uton,  mortally  wounded. 
rhnllguoD,  AUIe-MitJor  of  Dii'Inloii. 
Boulsn,  Capltiiii  of  Orvnadlcrti  of  Ariudutinc. 
Grillere,  Captiilii  of  rei;ini«i]t  of  Ariii8(;oac, 
Harris,  Cnptnln  of  regiment  of  Alli^■nollt. 
Rl.  Saovcar,  Lieutenant  of  regiment  of  Aogcnol*, 
Chan8He|>U-4l,  Lkutonnntof  the  regiment  of  Aiifienola. 
Moreae,  Second  I.k-ittenant  of  the  regiment  of  Aiigonols. 
CliRRison   Lleiitcnnnt  of  the  regimen!  of  Cnmhresis. 
CdK'HU,  LIutileuAiit  of  thv  nglniunt  vf  Ciiiubrrsis. 
Bootet,  Llentennnt  of  the  regiment  of  C«mbre.Hla. 
Oradon,  Second  I.Icatennnt  of  the  regiment  of  lloinMilt. 
IjJiIhutc.  Lleulcnaot  of  the  Dragoons  of  Cond&. 
OnellOi  C'aptalu  of  the  refluent  of  Dillon, 
Doyon,  Lletitvnaatof  thv  regiment  of  Dillon. 
]>tloy,  offlcer  of  the  regiment  of  Dillon. 
Ch'  do  Termol,  Ciukt  of  the  regiment  of  DllluQ. 
IMmoarlea.  Lieutenant  of  the  regiment  of  the  (^pe. 
DeaomtNTAgcs,  Lientcnant  of  the  regiment  of  the  Cnp«. 
Delboa,  Second  Lieutenant  of  Ttic  re«lmeDt  of  the  Cape. 
DcBnoycm,  Major  of  tlie  regiment  of  Gaudeloupe. 


126 


KlIODK  ISLAND  TN  THE  UEVOL.VTSO'S. 


Bogcr,  Captain  of  llie  ri>g1inrnc  of  Gntidcluapo. 

Noyelles,  Ciputn  atitAchcd  to  tb«  sutT  of  Ui«  regiment  of  Gati- 

dcloupt-. 
D'AnglemoiiI,  Llviili-iiniit  or  thv  Ctia«Arun>  uf  nautlt-loiipc. 
Dtt  Kounori,  Swoml  Llciitvnnnl  ol  iho  C'li.n)ii»eur»  ofRaiideloupe. 
Bnllly  de  Menagcr,  Ueuteunnt  of  the  reglmcat  or  Port  nu  Prinvc, 

I>i'i30iicr. 
DucloK.  of  Port  au  Prlucf  Volunteer  CbasH-uni. 
Total,  :il. 

(XTt()ber  Itith  tlic  claiigc-i-ously  wounded  were  embarfc<sl 
for  Clinrloston,  nnd  llioso  who  wero  suffering  from  slij^ht 
wounds  were  placed  on  l>oard  the  vurioos  vessels  of  tlie 
Jk'L't.  O'Ewtaing  Hiiilctl  fi>r  (he  AVost  Indies,  tmd  General 
Lincoln  relnmod  to  (^'linrh^ston.  While  on  iho  coast  of 
Georgia  the  Krench  fleet  cajtlnred  »  miniber  of  nrmed  and 
IraiiAjiorl.  vessels.  Among  tlieni  was  tlie  "Kx[M>rimont,"  of 
fifty  guns,  commnnded  by  Sir  Jnmes  AVulIncc.  cons]>ieuous 
in  171')  in  the  Nnrragansett  waters  for  his  oiariiudiug  prac- 
Ijees."  On  hoard  wem  Major-CJenend  Giirlh,  thirty  thoiisimd 
pound;4  sterling,  and  a  large  qnnnlily  of  army  stores. t 

Althniigli  the  faihire  of  thi-s  expedition  proved  a  diHip- 
pointmenl  to  well  founded  ho])e9,  and,  doiihtlcsa,  n  mortifi- 
eation  to  D'I•l^tInIlg,  it  was  not  altogyther  fniitless.  Besides 
the  Hritisli  vessels  captured  ahove  rfff'erred  to,  which  fur- 
nished sniwistente  to  the  French  fleet  and  armj",  the 
reHonitres  whieh  the  Knglish  I'uiild  have  drawn  fnuu  the 
province  for  hcsieging  t'harleston  were  destroyed,  and  their 
design  against  that  city  was  so  returdcd  as  to  afictrd  oppor- 
tunity for  phu'ing  it  iti  a  |>osition  of  defence.  Whetlier  Ihe 
advantage  tlius  ohtained  wnrt  an  wpdvaleut  for  the  eos^t,  is  ii 
f|ue>ilion  for  tlie  rentier  to  eonsider.J 

*>Mr>l«mp«  Walliiro  bfVftTit*  an  Admiral,  «nil  In  ino^  wm  garrmor  of  KcwfiinndlMul. 
Il«  dli-d  111  l^nitim,  >tiirch  I,  IWD. 

ti^lrx^  tif  Samtinnh.  t^  'it. 

t  KIdv  prl>r«wi-r«  lakrn  by  l>1>lMiiti  mihI  (olil  In  ri««ld*nn>.  Tlir  net  iininvtU  uTIImr 
»a]M  In  ounllti«iiTal  Hnmccr  iffrr  |4'i;,U(.b.  The  pittiti  wito  lirmiilil  Uk  llrirl  fK>iii  I*»w 
Turk  to  >'<-wporl,  fn  Jnljr,  rRriiiJ  ihm  bunilrnl  U<m  rutit.  Thr  tHjirr  vr«i*U  hod  ttCD 
l>rli>l*. 

"  Ttte  loM  at  llie  Kmifli  M)H«dn>li  In  tin-  etkmjiuiga  of  ITTf  wm  BflyJlirec  fcllhrd,  of  wbum 
Ihrt*  Iter*  afflnn,  mmI  lMtj-tr\ni  *iiIiIIit>,  twakW  tli*  tmr  at  >  ]ir)>«  tiri(  hxl  at  trtt. 

"  TTw  expuiMi  of  Uw  iKNpllPlt,  tnduiUiic  ll>«  uinipurlMilmt  vt  Iho  dek  W  DmIvd  In 
tTTt),  mtn  tST,BV~JrttM,  M..  p.  4M. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLTBS. 


127 


Sir  Henry  T^^liiiton  ovirIeiilI_v  fell  tbat  D'Ksliiinjr's  opcra- 
fions  on  thn  Amcriran  roaft  hnd  lieoii  In^hly  dittjiHl roils  lo 
British  intorests.  Wriling  (o  Lord  George  Gertuftin,  Janu- 
ary 3W,  1(B«,  he  5«ys: 

"  I  do  not  recknn  Mdioh;;  iIil-  |rK9i(.T  mi>'r»rlUiH->i  <>r  ibi-  laxt  year  tii«  opt- 
rntloH!!  r>r  I>*(Ci>iii]n;[  on  IIk'  Aiiit^rtcnn  ctMul ;  cite  vast  rtHM  thvrcby  rIvou 
to  Hid  n-M  trndv,  ntiil  tlip  Injiirjr  whlcli  ll  hrousH  upon  ours ;  Ibe  tniprvs- 
Bioii  U  c«rrj«t  hornf  lo  ihe  iuIiuIm  of  llu-  iicuplu  of  our  lost  dominion  of 
'  tbe  fmu,  iiiul  ilii-  illitiiui'iiloij  or  ilic  Frci)i.-li  t»  glrc  them  every  amtlstance 
freconclliiblc  tvllli  thf  gnDcrnl  nlijccts  of  t]ic  war  to  contplcUi  our  rnlD  on 
tbo  continent."  ■ 

Of  the  chnnictcr  iiud  (ibility  of  D'Estaing  as  a  com- 
tnandor  the  iinkrioirn  ofHccr.  who  served  under  him,  already 
quoted,  thus  writes: 

"  ir  z«al.  activity,  vaucnK^tMi,  niiU  tiiiiljhtuu  lo  avcompliKh  sreat  6«*ti» 
fjare  worthy  of  ix-cutnpcniie,  tiuver  will  France  bo  »blc  sufllckuily  to 
•cknoirledtrt!  tier  nbllzntian»  to  C*niiiit  IVFHlaln^.  With  mticli  iiKolll- 
gcnce,  lie  pi^stuMsrs  thv  L-atliiii'lttMm  sud  tbi'  Ore  of  a  man  of  iwvnty  yenn 
or  igp.  Gnt4?rprl!«ins  bold  fveu  to  lercuTiiy,  nil  thin;;!!  iippear  possible  to 
Itlm.  lie  rtiiiL'Icii  ■>»  rp|>r(Ti>(-nt»(icinHWli it'll  liriiiKiboini^  to  hlin  u  knowk'clge 
«r  (tltricdllivs.     WhoeviT  daren  to  ib-surlb*  itiein  as  ronitldabic,  l»  IH  re- 

cvlvcti Tb^  Millon  bL-llwu  btm  liiliiiniHii;     .     .     but  tliU  la  a 

I  nproiicli  luciitcut  Cii  Ms  uui^lcri*  muilv  of  lin.'.  bficaupL-  ho  la  crurl  t>j  bhn* 
aeir.  ....  Wlit'u  I  lun  now  H.->kr(l  If  he  Ir  a  kooiI  Gcnerul.  It  \a  UUS- 
enU  for  nv  to  re^poml  to  thl^  Inquiry.  II<^  cominlttt'd  mui'h  lo  chance, 
and  pinyol  larsely  thp  gnnjp  of  bamrd.  Itiit  tlint  Im  wft»  cucrgcllc.  Btlveii- 
taroU!t  aliiiiist  lo  mNhiie.'Wi,  lii(lffhll;rnli|H  in  hi»  i-iitri-prlix-A,  which  he  con- 
ducted with  an  nrdnr  of  wbiirh,  hml  we  not  fi>llowwl  bim,  vfc  could  liave 
forme*!  no  conception;  nnd  Hint  tn  all  llilf"  he  mhtetl  mnch  Intellect,  and  A 
t«mp«r  which  liupart«0  ;trvut  austvriiy  lo  bb  character,  wv  are  forced  to 
■dmlt." 

Count  D'Estaing  returned  lo  France,  and  reached  Paria 

I>cccmbcr  7,  1780.     A  letter  written  in  that  oily  under  that 

.date,  (lays : 

■*  Wcare  vtry  ImpiilIentloMC  the  Count  DT^taluir.  who  M  expected 
tbln  fvciiliri;  at  Vuritnl tle<i.  It  in  fttven  out  Ihal  Hlx  Majesty  cxpreaMU  IM> 
l^rvat  a  dexhw  lo  9i<r«  tlint  0<*itrrnl,  that  hv  luiK  iirnt  n  currliqtv  to  meet  him 
on  iJic  rood  for  dtrspatch,  anil  for  the  Kreati^r  convenicucy,  as  th«  woumU 
he  recflved  lit  .^nle^k-a  arc  worse  than  wob  at  (Irvt  reported,  since  ho  baa 
been  obllgLtl  to  iiuikc  use  of  crutches. 


BHOt>E  ISLAM*  JX  THX  KEVOLUTTOK. 

•*TI«  Oooot  irSMaloK.  11 1»  mM.  wnrtc  fron  firwt  to-U.  tfe  Safttee.  U 
dMlK  ha  wwttld  uk  of  Ibe  Kltur  hto  Imtb  to  fiiO  ai  UU  r«««.  ut  thank  His 
M^fnrtr  far  ffac  caoOdaice  li«  kM  tom^mMI  I«  bouur  Itim  wllk.  'At  ibt 
Uat'.-  rtfUattlmUomnht   'Ob,  no!  It  U  lii  luy  amw  tlul  I  «m  r«cd«« 

A  tcUcr  dated  Paris,  Fnncc.  I>eoember  i3,  1779,  utk  : 

•^  rMtonlV'  afcoM  10  o'dedt  In  liic  DioralBS,  Cuont  D'EstBlaf  anf ml 
ai  raiMUlM.  Ite  v«ac  I— rfUt«-ljr  to  the  liaase  of  tbe  WnlMw  of  Ibe 
Martat.  wbcrvbeaUjnf  ftb»«t  twA  Itoart.    M  de  fUrUae  liiea  caodactBd 

bUa  lO  tht  Klaif  •  pMtocc.  Uid  [ireaFulnl  lilm  to  bb>  MlUrbtf .  wbo  eilNtWL-d 
hU  rstJVMW  tWfhctluD  at  bb  cuotluct,  la  thv  tuosi  ^racloM  maauer.  M. 
lytMrnimg  la  •peakloy  a/Urwarda  tu  one  of  bU  frtriKls  of  tbc  irccpUoo  the 
ICll«hB4  clrtti  Mm.  said,  *  I  net  Kitti  a  lecepUou  iDfltiliriy  beyond  nr 
asftu.'  TbU  miMlait  rcinark  ahAWa  bow  ipvatljr  b<-  wait  aflrctnl  by  tbr 
KlOf  a  gWMlaMa.  Meaan.  de  Vauilrcull  anil  ct«  BongatDTlIti?,  Captains  of 
•bl|Mi  iti  Mod*.  IVKatalug**  Heel,  an:  Jaat  appointed  AdmiraU.** 

Tliua  cloiwd  H\o-  |)Hrticipfltion  of  tbe  Count  in  an  effurt  to 
atfcurc  fur  tbe  tbirteeti  American  coluniee  politival  freedom 
an  nn  "  Indepenilent  Kcrlenil  liepublio." 


•  llMilM  llMiM-,  roanl  irtUimtot.  ■•«  bom  al  IW  ChMraa  tf  Ihi*^.  tvvi 
!!•  d»M  ito  MUtiarr  proAMtaa.  Md  UnaliUid  thr  fwU  W  Hi4ciii>ltot.l<«wiaL  H»  < 
laUwliailladlM,aMl«iatlaknprtMattat  ilMttrff*  «!  itaJra*-  Uo  m<m  «>b*«|«MUty 
plMi4  I*  MnDaHl  uf  tao  Fkvadi  mmW-wkt.  *Hk  <*Utk  W  luilUnl  umw*  Jkmm^  •■««■ 
lh«  KaglMt  In  U.i>  Kad-  Oa  lib  nrtaia  boaiB  hu  wa*  iratUMrKi  awl  thiv«a  intv  ifnton  at 
ItataMMilh,  bill  MsanJtAMO.aMlla  ITID r*4<vltnl  Ih*  kii>4aliM«l  trf  LtnowMal  4>*«i-r«l 
ladM  wm*y.  Ilia  arrival  la  Awrricm  In  ir>.  unlku  mibI  •n*k*«^»«  ali^vfy  b*««  4*. 
MrtMi.  la  inn  he  iiiiawialiil  (ho  hmkIiiiiH  Srvta  at  tfaaw  aaJ  »(«lu.  awl  mnt  aiadt  a 
(Iruulntuf  Hpahi. 

In  t;>;  hr  ■•<  rir«i«4  a  mFlabfT  of  itw  Au*wM]  ti  Kat*W«*,  a*  a  hlaad  «•*  aallpaal  t^ 
fcfiai.  )l*  MMBppolBltaoaHHaatlaaianiM  ^altM■t  Uat**.  awl  U  i;«l«aft  AoMa 
Ailnlral.  I|r  nu  MmagljrallMhMl  |n  llwllHr«lflM»M.v-  Ht*  MmiII}  Wl1ii««raifc«Qn««. 
beroailax  knowa.  g^tr  offMwa  la  IIm  tvialallaiarf  »iMkH»lit*<  «ad  trJ  m  U*  a(«M«  aa^ 
iMpriMaMnl.  Ill*  IkfotaM*  iMUnaa;  al  tW  tttal  .•<  UkiU  Aal<*tiH*li'  «■(•  rwtlwr 
•abaaa.   la  inNh«wattilB4iaaa*«uMlaH4priltanMnlai(tv*a«  «l  ■**w«ij'~ii«rt«n. 


XOTK— t<*IU  Ike  jn»  ino.  Ilw  c^dlal  vi  HMlk  lanltaa  w«*  Lnuwn  ■«  IIwImIuvs 
HabawjaiaUr  Iba  m  i»a>  aravpad.  !■  the  inwt^lag  ^>awilwnt  irtww  the  mw«  wwan^ 
Um  art«lMi  ifdai^  hM  bvM  pnwn  tO. 


PART    IV. 


GENERAL   GATES  SUCCEEDS  GENERAL  SULLIVAN. 

(JEXERAL  (ILOVER'S  BKIEF  COM JIASI).— GENERAL  GATES  Alt- 
KIVES  IN  PROVIDENCE.— THE  CONWAY  CABAL.- WASHING- 
TON'S FEELINGS.— ARRIVAL  OF  GENERAL  STARK.— CORKE- 
SPONDENCE  (tF  GENERAL  GATES.— TOBY  RAIDS.— ASSAULTS 
ON  SOUT[I  KINGSTOWN.- ARRIVAL  OF  THE  UARON  STEUBEN. 
—  COUNCILS  OF  WAR.— ASSAULT  ON  NEWPOllT  CONSIDERED 
INEXPEDIENT.— THE  ENEMY  DEPART.— GENERAL  CORNELL 
RESIGNS   lilS   COM5IISSION. 

lENERAL  SULLIVAX  retired  from  the  command  of 
the  Dcp:irtiin;iit  at'  the  Sliite  of  Khodc  Ishmd,  as 
already  mentioned,  ynd  dcpurfed  from  Providence  to  con- 
duct an  expedition  against  the  Indians  in  western  Xew 
York,  JIarch  21>,  177ii.  (iencral  Glover  held  the  command 
until  April  3d,  when  i[ajor-Cicnoral  Horatio  Gates  arrived 
and  a.ssumed  the  duties  of  a  Comninnder-in-Chicf.  His 
headquarters  were  in  a  house  hired  for  the  purjiose  belong- 
ing to  Judge  Jcnekcs,  which  stood  on  the  site  now  occupied 
by  the  lioger  Williams  lijuik,  fronting  on  Jlarket  square. 
The  social  attractions  of  the  neighborhood, — the  near  prox- 
imity to  the  homes  of  Lieutenant-Governor  Bowcn,  Arthur 
Fenner,  and  AVilliam  Jones, —  were  doubtless  gratifying  to 
him. 

17 


OUK  FRENCH  ALLIES.  131 

lived  to  witness  the  futility  of  the  attempt  and  the  ruin  to 
which  the  reputation  of  Conway  and  other  Catilines  of  the 
period  came.  The  General  wiis,  however,  warmly  received, 
and  complimented  with  an  elegant  entertjunment. 

AVashington  felt  keenly  the  course  jHirsucd  towards  him 
by  the  Cabal.  Writing  to  his  friend  Henry  Ijaiirens,  he 
says  : 

'■  I  was  not  uiiiipprisod  that  a  inalii^iiniit  faction  Imd  been  for  some  time 
fonniiiK  to  my  prejiiitice;  winch,  eousclous  as  I  am  of  having  over  done 
nil  III  Tny  power  to  answer  the  important  purposes  of  the  trust  reposed  In 
me.  coiiliV  not  bnt  fjlvo  nie  .-ionic  pain  on  a  pcrsoinil  neeount.  Itut  my 
cliicf  coiieeni  arises  lYoni  an  apprehension  of  the  dangerous  consei|iicnces 

which  intestine  discussions  may  produce  to  the  common  cause 

My  rnemie.s  take  an  nn;;enerous  :idvantnge  of  me.  They  know  Lhe  Oell- 
CJiey  of  my  ssitnution,  aii<l  that  motives  of  policy  deprive  me  of  the  defence 
I  mi^hl  otherwise  make  against  their  insidious  attacks.  They  know  1 
cannot  combat  their  inslnnations.  however  Injnrloiis,  without  dischislnfr 
secret!*,  which  it  Is  of  tlic  utmost  moment  to  conceal.  Unt  why  shouhl  I 
expect  to  )>e  exempt  from  the  unfailin;;  lot  of  an  elevated  citation  !  Merit 
iind  talent'^,  with  which  I  can  have  no  pretensions  of  rlvalshlp,  have  ever 
been  sntiject  to  il.  My  lieart  tells  me,  that  It  has  been  mynnremilled  aim 
to  di)  the  best  that  circum.stances  wonld  periuil." 

A  eorrespotidenci'  on  this  sulyect  was  opened  between 
Wa.<hin.irton  and  (Jenerals  (iixiva  and  Conway.  The  letters 
of  the  ftu'iner  were  frank  luid  dignified  as  became  his  |)osi- 
tion;  but  whatever  may  have  been  his  opinion  of  the  parties 
addressed,  he  never  sought  to  undermine  the  reputation  of 
either,  nor  did  he  permit  personal  feeling  to  afl'eet  his  official 
intercourse.  Differences  of  opinion  are  entertained  in  regard 
to  the  cotmeetion  which  (Jenertd  (Jates  held  with  the  Cabal, 
and  it  ap[)curs  ipiite  eerlain  thtit  its  latent  purpose  was  dis- 
covered and  revealed  before  its  plan.s  were  fairly  crystallized. 
Sparks  says  :  ''That  a  fiictious  spirit  prevailed  in  Congress 
and  the  anny,  that  this  spirit  was  fomented  by  a  few  intrigu- 
ing persons,  and  that  a  small  party,  at  least,  entertained 
views  hostile  to  the  Conunandcr-in-(.'hicf,  caimot  he  doubted. 
But  in  my  opinion  there  is  not  sufticicnt  evidence  to  prove 


OtTl   FBKNrn  ALLIES. 


1S8 


In  manners  Gcoeml  Gates  was  ttfTitblo,  »ud  in  conversation 
interesting.  Ili.s  lir:i(1quiirlcrs  liruig  In  the  vicinity  of  the 
hnrber's  shop,  visltwl  tliiily  by  leading  gentlemen  of  the 
town,  it  wus  Lis  iiraeticc,  whenever  he  receivoil  letters  con^ 
tiiiniag  inrorniiitiun  Hlluwalile  to  Ih>  made  known,  to  send 
them  to  the  shop  for  their  penisaO.  These  and  other  cour- 
tesies gnined  for  him  Hivorabfo  eonsideration  while  in  com- 
nmnd  of  the  Khode  Inland  de[Mirlment.  On  hi*  nrrivu]  in 
Providence,  Newport  was  still  in  possession  of  the  British, 
the  navnl  foiTps  of  the  enemy  held  contifil  of  Long  Island 
Sonnd.  and  the  vulnerable  points  of  tlie  coast  line  of  the 
Stjite  were  liable  to  iiKSHtilt  al  any  nionieni.  In  view  of  pos- 
sibilities, General  Gates  kt-t>t  a  watchful  eye  upon  the  foe, 
and  actively  co-operated  with  the  Council  of  War  in  all 
meaciures  eah-nlated  to  ensure  safety  to  an  exposed  popula- 
tion. CoimciU  of  war  were  fn^qiiont.  At  one  held  May 
20.  I77lt,  at  whii'h  was  present  Generals  Galea  and  Stark, 
liieiilrnant-Governor  IJowcn,  Colonels  Sheppanl  and  Nose, 
and  Lieutenant-Colonels  Sprout  and  AVaitl,  a  case  then 
netcd  ii])on  is  thus  related : 

■•Th«  OfBcral  upou  represenilDK  tlie  character  and  clrcumaiances  of 
G«orgr  Smllh,  liHc  »  (npuln  tii  I'oloiirl  Vow'k  rrglmrnt,  fxrincrly  »  ile- 
serier  from  the  ItrUI<ih  army;  ii-f|iiest<-d  the  opinion  of  the  Council  what 
wtL'*  iniriiolmtf'ljr  t>rii|>cr  ami  iw-ci-^t^ry  lo  bir  don*.*  ivilh  Itio  Milil  (iiiorfi^ 
Sniltli,  ms  he  juflgtrd  It  Iit](li1y  Hnn^-i'ouM  tn  the  public  M>rTlcv  to  HiiflVrr  tlin 
Mill  Smitli  \**  rvinnln  a)  nn  Hdript-ed  IVmi  so  iienr  iliv  enemies  lines ;  Knd 
marc  cspccinlly  su,  oih^ldurlua  ttie  couui-ctluu  Iil'  Iiiu  madu  with  a  woiuau 
or  bnd  rcpntflilun  laU-ly  Ecut  ftum  Newport  by  the  ravuiy. 

"The  Council  are  iinaiitnioii^ly  of  opinion  tliMt  Cioorgc  Smith,  Iat«  Cap- 
tttn  In  Colonel  Vosc's  regiiacnl,  he  Itnmcdlfttcly  ordcri'd  10  retire  at  least 
forty  miles  flx»ni  rrovhU-iire  nr  any  «f  Ui«  PudU  lu  tlitt  Stntv.  Tlmt  unless 
hu  eotnpUuet  with  this  order,  he  be  spprehendod  and  sent  prlitouer  to  Cukco 
Bay,  there  to  lukt:  bU  trial  Tor  tJie  blj^smy  be  Im  accused  of." 


General  Stark,  who  had  distinguished  himself  at  Benning- 
ton, and  served  under  GatuK  ut  .Samtoga,  aiTived  m  Provi- 
dence, April  sI'Jd,  (o  take  the  eouuimiul  vanited  by  General 
Vuniuiu.     At  the  time  the  Uritish  withdrew  from  Newport 


134 


RnODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTIOS. 


be  was  Btiitiunud  iit  TivcHuii,  iind  the  muriiiiig  following 
their  departure  i-roased  over  to  lUe  islnnd  ami  took  posses- 
siDii  nl*  the  town. 

In  Mhv  n  mid  was  iiiitdi.*  iijion  Voint  tluditli  hy  ii  l>ody  of 
Tories  from  Uliodo  Island,  who  robhed  the  fiinuers  of  a 
hirgo  niimlHir  of  sheep  and  cntOo.  In  the  »imi>  roonlh 
South  Kingstown  was  lussuiled  hy  »  jwirtj'.ctf  Hritish  who 
landm^l  from  u  tlL'ut  of  nini'  ve».M,^l^,  then  uiidviiig  depit'da- 
tiohB  ulon<r  the  foitsl  wherever  o]>|Hirtuiiity  udijrdM).  Aflov 
biiniiii^  a  hounc.  lohhiii'r  t»(»  others,  :md  iii.-ikitifr  several 
prisoners,  thoy  wne  driven  uH',  Hnd  one  of  their  sllM)]^^^  cnp- 
tiired.  AnothcM'  foniju^iiig  mid  un  IVnit  Judith  wns  mnde  in 
June  following,  which  was  repnlt^ed  Wy  Colonel  Jaekson ; 
hnt  not  di!»in:iyed.  they,  tlic  next  day,  Inndcd  in  South  Kinir*- 
town,  und  Imrnl  two  houses.  «» 

The  de])!irture  of  fiencnd  (iloverV  hrigade  for  the  main 
«rmy,  early  in  «Iuly,  weakened  inaler'ially  the  defenKivc 
power  of  (ieneiiil  (iiites.  who  exeiled  hiuiticif  vij.'xirously  to 
<teenre  ii  riiitlieieiit  minilier  of  tifMijis  to  till  it.-^  plaet;,  and  thns 
he  iu  readine**  lor  any  emergency  ;  but  subwtjuentty  from  the 
date  of  (ieneral  (tiover*8  departure  to  (he  terminatimi  of  the 
official  dntcs  of  <iettenil  (iates  in  Ithode  Island,  no  military 
movement  of  s]>ueiHl  iniportuiiee  took  plaee.  Early  in 
November,  havlnif  licen  in  (lie  Slate  seven  wunthtf,  he  wa.s 
failed  to  active  service  with  the  jTrand  army.  :tnd  wa**  suc- 
ceeded by  (ieneral  Kzekiel  tVirnell,  who  hei<l  the  command 
until  May,  1780.  when  be  resigned  his  commlttition,  and  wax 
elected  by  the  Geneml  Aswnildy  a  nnMiiber  of  Congress  in 
place  nf  Kx-Covernor  Stephen  ni)])kin>,  no  election  having 
been  made  by  the  people.* 

From  the  eorresiiondeneo  of  General  Gates  while  in 
Providence,  the  following  exiraetj)  and  memoranda  are 
made  : 


•Am*-,  p.  10,  u>i«. 


I 


OUR  FKESCH   ALLIES.  135 

"  PiiO\'iDESCK,  April  5,  1779. 

"  I  am  informfd  by  Colonel  Proud,  of  Tiverton,  that  tcu  sails  of  buihII 
vessels,  mostly  sloops  and  schooners,  have  nppenred  off  Bedford  and  Fal- 
montti,  :ind  are  snpposcd  to  he  Intended  to  plunder  Natitncket,  flndlng 
they  would  meet  with  too  nincli  oppOHilioii  iit  either  of  the  other  places. 
But  this  has  tiie  appearance  of  a  feint,  to  divert  our  attention  ftom  the 
main  deslyn.  I  have  in  consequence  written  to  the  Council  of  Massachu- 
setts Bfiy,  and  endeavored  to  prevail  on  thein  to  stlimiktc  the  good  aul»- 
je<:ts  of  their  government  to  be  ready  at  the  shortest  notice  to  defeat  any 
inviLoion  of  these  States.  I  have  also  recommended  the  immediate  re-es- 
tahlishment  of  the  lieacons  hetwecn  this  and  Boston,  and  I  wish  Your 
Kxoeilency  would  ilirect  the  same  to  he  done  from  the  tjouudary  between 
Connecticut  iind  this  State,  upon  proper  lieltrhLs  aloHR  the  south  side  of 

yonr  coast I  fore.saw  this  in  May  last,  and  I  did  all  lu  my 

power  to  |»revent  it.  Wh<ni  will  it  please  God  to  banish  inordinate  ava- 
rice and  all  it.-i  haneflil  effects  from  this  our  earth?  I  am  with  every  senti- 
ment of  esteem  and  respect, 

"  I'our  Kxcellency's  most  ol)odieiit,  humble  servant. 

"H.  G. 

"To  Uis  Exfeilenoy  Govenmr  Trumbutl." 

"  i'ltoviDENCK,  April  12,  1779. 
"The  troops  arc  nneasy  for  want  of  their  pay,  being  upwards  of  five 
months  in  arrears.     Tlic  Paymaster-General's  deputy  has  been  gone  more 
than  a  month  to  Philadelphia  to  get  money. 
"  r  am,  Sir,  &c., 

"11.  G. 
"To  General  VVashinglon." 

"  PitoviDKNTE,  April  13,  177a. 
"  I  have  this  moment  received  the  enclosed  iVom  General  Cornell.  I 
entreat  you  to  immediately  detach  a  re  i-n  for  cement  to  sustain  the  post 
attacked,  the  instant  you  are  certain  that  event  has  taken  place.  You  will 
likewise  serve  our  country  ijy  immediately  giving  the  earliest  intelligence 
of  the  enemy's  movements. 

"  I  am,  Sir,  yonr  alTectionatc  humlile  servant, 

"  11.  G. 
"  To  Colonel  Greene." 

'■  Pkoviiiksce.  April  16,  1779. 
"I  have  Just  received  your  letter  of  l.>th.  I  entirely  approve  of  your 
ordei'in^  one-fourlh  part  of  the  militia  of  Little  Conipton  Immediately  on 
duty,  and  I  sliall  instantly  dispatch  an  express  to  Boston  to  hasten  them 
in  replacing  tlieir  militia,  whose  term  of  service  has  expired,  and  request 
a  further  reOuforcement  for  thb  guard  of  the  eastern  coast I 


IJM  KRODE   (JlLAXD   IX  THE  RErOLCTIOy. 

tfMff*  jtm  win  dlrmt  Uentuuat  Cbftpin  to  Hiz«  the  M^roes  od  tbcir  re- 
tan  fttMk  KtftFpon,  anti  March  tbem  to  their  skim,  and  flnnber  rcob- 
mmhI  It  lo  hin  lA  Mud  Ibctn  ia  50a  with  aor  ta^peclcd  pcnoiu  be  ataj  M 
mrr  ll»*  apprHMMl  for  ei»n'.aatin«. 


"I  an,  ie., 
"To  Brtfwlkr-G«M:nil  CoreelL* 


"H.G. 


"  PKOnDEXCE,  April  I».  ITT>- 

....  "C-olftarltruy'i  a»d  folonrt  T'>phaiD'»«¥io»«w**'«  "'**«' 
■ardtakcf^dm  trt  rhiafnrr*  tb«  p'^t*  btlow.  There  are.  Ifae  Cokmd 
MWWJ  mr.  MM  fn4ir  liaDdrrd  tsro  fogajctd  in  tboM  repoMslA.  I  (-hall 
«M}  Mm9  mBmt*  ia  pTii'rjni'Mi  I0  tnea  on  dalj.     The  rest  «f  tbe  oiIEc«ff 

AkO  l««Wl3«  V>  T^htTBtl.         .      .      . 

"I  um.  Sir.  T^Ar  affhclVioale  liamble  MTraat. 

"H.G. 

'- Pii^rtTKESCS.  April  55.  ]TT9. 
■  .  .  .  "  ]  iklud]  iiiiitiM!liiLl4'lr  f'T^fr  OvntTMii  Giorer'*-  loi^ade  ^■o  Ik-  in 
nwaUirM  tf  KiBWli  m  ilif  •'Vftl^*.!  iKrtire.  VufttnaiiilrfT  Sot  ovt  9»Scij:, 
TMSt  Hktir-lk-iif?  k«  B«  mutli  il^r-i  iifd  n*  1  am  di«(if>jiu]xil«d.  ia  tbe  imiiiber 
n$M-WtO  to  tit-  rttlMid  f'T  ihc  difruf^-  fil  UiK  Stale  Seitlier  ProTideace, 
HjHwwkiiwilA,  bt'i  *  ^'jiitiHCtirui  ik  11]  fur  muij  tnontlH-  nilw  axr  boiuInt 
^hhvi  iKln^uaV  t"  1  >>•'  )iur|»Mf  uf  0*- ft- nil i us  rrtm  l^U  Stale  aloue.  .  .  - 
4tmii»«rtkrul  lia>  ii"ur  tn^liiiis  N  ■LMtat-bUMftlh  ku>  rtdittd  cott  rti^BHxit  to 
br  raitwid  fur  tiu*  jr.ut  TUi*  Kiua^-  ItHvr  urdimd  tltelr  R:«iiiK«t#  i»f  arUl- 
ivrf  Htidlibr  ittti  Slku-  rtTHtit'iit*  tt>  l«  t-oilHidlwl.  btn  nbcsi  tbeae  three 
mOi  m)£kr  ti'to  mvu  ltwti!H(l  vT  IMXi,  iht-lr  pnifi^  ynuLa.  te  ■•«  nnuBXala  an 
1i»  t»vltat>Uti^  tif  tlwl  vwaa  Ifi  rt'nitit«.  'VThauafr  Ttinr  ExiMiIlfury''F 
a)4n»  tiiB)  bt'  Llirt  «|iii|i  bt-  ii|iu«^.uilI1,v  titM'yurl.  ul  tlit'  Kanif  timt-  dutr  Itidt- 
tur  tti  rtifirtwrnil  ibt-  tru*-  MtHU'  of  our  ufftiir^  aiicl  t^ii'mih  ii  fiii:irf1.T  i.c<  tout 
wMliilli  bti«  Mit  U-iH>t>*-  iLi'i  Ic  Ik'  OmjxtHi-J  tii  Uic  tic^I  udviittLu^t-  l.ir  ou' 
^>lttini1  iLrft'iii'i       .... 

"  1  bnir  llir  IxtHiii  in  Ix'  WiUi  rrt^ui  rMjictn..  Sir. 

■■K.Li. 
'■  I'd  OinH'nU  Wukiliiiii^iu  '" 

■■ri!i'nM;\..i.  Ajirl;  ."■■■.  ]"7i>. 

•■  Tlit-ri' iia».  lift'ii  iw;>  luuiiiiio  ilii^ii'  1'i«  i1iia>  i-int-r  I'rcnd-  fdit***- 
t)umit>i^  (if  uiKiltH-r.  >fii.!  ui  leu-!  iliriT  luiii.lri'J  !mr:ctf-  fl.iiir  10  jiihi't 
Uir  tnmju.  tin  ilx-  ili>iiuiii  iiin!  iiiort  u-  •.;>;■!  »?■  vf.i;  ctiii 

■■To  Mi^^iiiT-CioiirruJ  ll>-ii;L  " 

•  Pi!    viM-.v.-i.   X:;^  4    :~!-. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  137 

.1?)  Onlfrf'irn  CrvUr. 

"  Phovidesck,  May  4,  1779. 
"  SiH : — You  will  proceed  with  the  ship  FrlendHlilp  under  your  coniinnncl 
to  the  liarlior  of  Newport,  where  you  will  do  your  utmoHt  with  the  seamen 
uu<1  troopn  under  your  lUrccllon  to  mnke  capture  of  Ills  Brltunulc  Moj- 
esty's  whip  Keuown.  When  you  have  effected  that  service  yoii  will  use 
your  owu  dlscretlou,  to  carry  yonr  prize  either  to  Boston,  New  London,  or 
to  I'awtiixct.  I  recommend  it  to  yon  to  dl8emban|ue  yonr  prisoners  the 
instant  you  have  leisure  and  a  good  opportunity  offers  to  land  them  at  a 
proper  place  for  their  being  secured  and  marched  under  a  j;uard  to  I'rovi- 
dencc. 

"H.  n." 

'■  Pnnvii)K\CK.  July  20,  177!t. 
"  Detlcleut  clothing.     Troops  suffer  for  shoes," 

"  Mr.  Wiuslow  permitted  Uy  (it-ncral  Prescott  to  have  an  interview  with 
his  son  u]>on  the  south  end  of  Prudence  Island,  Thursday  inonilug  at  7 
o'clock.  ■' 

'•  Providf.xck.  July  3,  177it. 
"  (General  Glover  onlered  to  march  without  delay  to  Join  tnaln  army, 
lo  proceed  to  Flshkill." 

'■  Psovii»KNfK.  July  10  and  II,  1779. 
••  Powder  needed  :ind  military  >tores :  has  uo  ammunition ;  flfly  borrels 
powder  neetleil." 

•■  Pr()Viiiknck,  L'Oth  July,  177S, 
"SiR: — In  obedien<-e  to  the  onlers  of  Congre!*s  I  armed  and  fitted  the 
Moop  Argo  for  sea.  ami  i:avc  tin-  command  to  Llenlenanl-Colonel  Silas 
Talbot,  He  is  ju^t  returned  from  ,i  -uccessful  cruise  azain>t  the  enemy. 
InclosL-d  Is  his  letter  to  me  from  Bedford.  The  shxtp  i*  >ince  arrived  at 
Provhience,  where  "he  Is  rcBtilnz  with  all  posititde  cx)*e<lltion.  Much 
honor  is  due  to  Colonel  TalV>t.  ami  his  officers  and  seamen  for  their  gal- 
lant behavior. 

•-I  am.  Sir,  ic 

■■11   <i. 
'•  His  Ex.  John  Jay.  ■ 

TtilKot's  -iie.-r-.>  id  ill.-  ArL"»  -^^  greatly  :ilaniic-<l  iht'-  oneniy. 
and  s(»  iwriicularU'  ■ii-firU*-!  tht;  t^ijuiiiiiuiity  <il' tlic  Ti>ri<::s  lu 


I!i8 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLUTIOX. 


Newport,  that  with  the  aid  of  the  Urllish  a  icssel  culled  the 
King  (icorge  wan  filled  out  to  eniiac  for  his  (-nptiti'c.  The 
latter  fell  in  with  him  hctwcen  Nantiicbot  and  New  York, 
and  ill  the  euntest  Talhot  )H>caiut>  the  victor.  This  wsii*  the 
oniisc  and  victory  referred  to  in  the  preceding  letter,  eon- 
oeming  which  llio  late  vencrahle  John  ITowland  used  to 
rulate  the  following  Jineedote  : 

"  Vvry  erirly  one  moniiiig.  as  I  wbs  passIdk  towards  llio  Market  lioui»e, 
there  were  bin  two  men  to  he  Mseii  in  the  Birert,  \)r.  Kplirnlm  Bowen  sud 
3fr.  John  Jciickvs,  who  wuro  twu  of  the  PiirlltHt  riHern  in  the  lowti.  ThCf 
Wf^re  NUUdiiiK  iMfrelhei-  in  Uic  inidilh-  of  tin-  .Htrpi-t.  A»  I  wiii  pa-^alii"  In 
tltti  r<rar  oT  tin-in,  (icneral  (Jalcs  opviiod  Hie  chamber  irlnclnw  uf  \iW  head* 
iinartera  on  the  east  side  or  the  street,  with  bin  oM  lelvei.  iilslit-<;np  un, 
anil  xald,  'GuikI  inorLiIutf.  vfutieiuon."  They  buDi  aiisirorvd,  'Good 
uiorDhig,  Gi'iiersl.  (.'ood  moniini;,  Gt'iR-nd."  Thi^  General  snhl,  '  wc  liuvc 
good  aevra.'  'Alt,  whnt  U  It,'  ihay  holli  Itiiiulrrd.  The  Ceiicrnl  f>n(d  ivUii 
«  strong  voice,  ■  TaHtot  has  taken  the  King  Gcor<*c.'  '  Has  ho? '  tht-y  Miid 
with  Talc^'«  cqilAlIy  »lniiiK,  at  the  xnniiu  lime  nilvniicing  ni-arer  to  the  GcH- 
trvVn  hoiioe.  The  (Jencr.'ii  wiiil.  *  I  recwirt-d  n  letter  Ittst  night  front  Ta]. 
bot,  llt>  liB>i  Bot  her  iinfe  Into  New  Hedford  aft«r  n  severe  nctlon.*  *  That 
h  ^uod  itwrsindcctl,'  they  r(.-p11e(l.  1  fiir^-ad  tlie  m-ns  thnnigh  the  ncijih* 
borhooU.  mid  lo  evcrj-  piLsstr-hy,  with  {jf*^''  plea.-inre,  ns  I  heard  It  n-om 
the  General  hlmnelf.  That  day  hut  little  H'ork  na»  done.  Joy  wiL^  <tltni<ie(l 
throut:h  the  ton-n.  rcojtlc  left  their  work  to  talk  nbuui  it  as  nuicli  as  it  n 
j^reat  victory  had  t>ccii  obtalneO  by  our  army."* 

June  7,  177!),  the  town  uppointed  n  conniiittee  to  wait 
upon  (tciK'nil  (tiites  mid  iXMineRt  him  to  diraet  tliiit  linttuhle 
Imrracks  In^  hintl.  nt  ilie  expense  of  tlic  coiiti|ieiit.  for  the 
troops  in  ease  any  »liall  he  liarnicked  in  this  town  next  win- 
ter, and  also  that  hi'  "direct  that  the  AVnrU  lloiise  wfiich  has 
been  improved  (lie  tvinlyr  p)i(>t  ftjr  l>arracks  and  damaged 
thereby,  he  re|Hiired  at  tho  general  expense." 


AintlVAL  OF   RAKON   RTRUBRN. 


In  AngHsl,  1779,  Baron  Steuben,  Inspector-General  of 
tlie  United  States  army,  arrived  in  Providence  on  an  official 
tour  to  inspect  the  thorps  of  (Jenernl  Gatfltt.  The  system  of 
tactics  which  he  had  introduced  into  the  regular  army  was 


*  Ltfe  oT  Uowbucl.  w-  U  aiiJ  U. 


OFB  FHESCH  ALLIES. 


lX!t 


n<1optccl  in  the  drill  of  thn  tntlitm,  and  it  i;*  prulmhle  ttint 
this  system  was  piii-siiod  hy  tlio  Warren  t'oinpany,  iindt-i-  the 
oixlcr  for  pnn.'tii.-t'  isKued  by  Goiieral  Gates.  The  Baron's 
methocl  (if  iiispi'*nioii  was  na  follows :  The  ti-oaps  weiv 
paraded  Irt  a  sliiiirlc-  line,  with  sh(nihlcix-il  iiniis.  every  officer 
in  \iU  jNirlienltit-  station.  Thu  Barun  lirKt  reviewed  tho  line  in 
this  portilioii.  passing  in  front  wilh  a  serntinizinjr  eye;  after 
which  he  took  in  hi.-*  Imnds  the  nnnikel  and  a<-c(»i]trenionts 
of  every  noldier.  exiuniiiin»  them  with  particular  auetiracy 
and  ]>recision,  upphiudin<<:  or  eondemnin<f,  uccor({in<;  to  the 
ennditiori  in  which  he  found  thcni.  lU'.  n-i|uircd  that  the 
muskets  and  liaynneLs  shouhl  exhilnl  the  hrig'Ulcsl  polish; 
nut  a  »pot  of  rtisl  ur  a  defect  on  any  paii  eould  chide  his 
vi»ilanri'.  lie  also  inipiired  into  the  (-(indui't  of  the  ofti4'erH 
towai-d-s  iht>  rnen,  f-ensnring  every  faiill  and  applantling 
every  meritorious  aetion.  Next  he  reiiuircd  of  the  siirfreon 
a  list  uf  the  tiiek*  with  a  partienlur  Ptalernenl  of  their 
aceomniodaltoni*  and  niodc  of  ti-ealment,  and  even  visited 
Homc  of  thcni.*  Of  the  pn>grc&s  of  the  niunual  exciviKO 
under  thin  s^'ittem  the  Bawn  was  cxce^'dinpty  prnutl,  tind 
repelled  with  e<lron<;  indi<fnalion  any  intimalimi  of  ineapadty 
on  the  pari  of  his  •rreat  artny  of  military  pupils  to  aefpiirc 
exactness  in  their  motions.  His  work,  of  which  three  thoii- 
ttand  copie*  wtin-  printed,  was  plaecd  in  the  hands  of  officers 
Ihrou^houl  the  anny,  so  that  iniproieniont  was  simultane- 
ously heing  made  in  i.-very  inilitmy  dvj)artinent.  Seldom 
was  a  u'ork  eompo^ed  in  such  &  manner  as  (his.  Every 
ohnpter  was  first  i-oughly  written  in  tJorman,  then  translated 
into  had  French,  then  pnL  into  •;ood  Freneli,  hy  Colonel 
FIciiry,  one  of  the  llnron'a  suli-inspcetors,  translated  a;fidn 
into  had  Kn;jlish  hy  Dufioneeaii.  the  seei-eljiry  of  Steuben, 
aflerwards  written  in  ;;Hod  Kn^lish  hy  Captain  AValker,  n 
memlier  of  his  miliiiiry  family  ;  and  when  all  this  was  eom- 
plctcd,  the  Uui'on  did  not  iindei-»laiid  a  wuitl  of  it  luni^elf, 


■  illUlctHT. 


14f> 


RHODE  rSLAKD  tV  THE  REVOLtTloy. 


from  liiii  t^ornncc,  at  tbnt  time,  of  the  £nji;1i8h  Inn^mge. 
IJU  coufideiice  in  Ills  assistants,  however,  cnusud  bim  to  pro- 
coed  sufcessfiiUy  nmid  nil  ihos*'  troubles.* 

Hnving:  <-oin|)lele<l  his  in.si>ection  of  troops  in  Rhode 
Island,  tlio  IJanm  went  to  llarttbnl  to  join  the  nuwiy  arrived 
French  minister,  M.  de  hi  Luzcmo,  whom  he  had  known  in 
Paris,  aud  pmcuede*!  "ith  him  to  Fisltkill.  iiherc  they  met 
Wiir^hingtoii.  who  liail  already  iirnved  tlicrc  to  rctrcive  the 
reprosentAtivc  of  I^nis  XVI. 

The  pay  of  Ilaron  Steuben,  when  he  took  a  ooniiuand  in 
the  .\nionean  army,  was  fixed  by  ('onjjre^3  at  two  thousand 
dolhirs  per  uuiiiini ;  but  fwiitl  nfleii  in  a  depreciated  euri-ency, 
t}uit  61ID1  fell  far  hhoit  of  defraying.'  hi^i  oxpeiwes.  lie  iras 
nlniotit  roiistantly  <Tii?iiped  in  Ins  (iinmecs,  and  lurt  unfre- 
quently  iM;ri>Iexc<i  in  ujakiufr  provision  for  his  table  in  a 
inanner  suited  to  his  rank.  To  reciproeaCe  the  social  cour- 
tesies of  his  bixiUier  ofKet-rs,  and  to  i-ender  nasistnnce  to 
fricndti  not  less  in  want  than  himself,  be  partet]  M~ith  his  sil- 
ver plftle  and  wnteh,  and  even  pledged  his  favorite  horse 
for  :i  sum  siillieioit  to  supply  pressing  needs.  So  heavy 
Wiin  the  pressure  upon  him  lliat  he  wm.s  eom|>c1U*d  to  iiRk 
Congress  either  to  inercaso  bis  pny  or  to  dismiss  him.  As  an 
intended  reHcf,  (.'ungress  atlowe^l  him  two  hundred  iind  tifty 
Louisdors  (at  ^11.88)  (o  ivimbnrse  bis  expenses  in  earning  to 
America.  ])aid  in  bilU  of  exdiange  wliich  he  negotiated  at 
forty  fwreeiit.  diseount.  When  lie  Connie  to  i'rovidenirc,  ho 
was  destitute  uf  means  to  <lefray  liis  extra  exj><jn»cs,  and  a 
sufficient  (<um  wa^  ndvaiieed  (o  hitn  by  AVnshingtoii. 

The  triK»p«  i|nai1eretl  in  the  town  having  annoyed  many  of 
the  iidiabilants  by  Ire^imssing  (Hi  tlietr  gardens,  orebards, 
and  corntielda,  a  niemoriid  wus  prepared  by  the  lown  coun- 
cil. Angunt  ;t,  1770,  and  presented  to  General  Cxjvtcs,  cidling 
his  attention  to  Itie  evil,  and  ^olieiting  the  interposition  of 
his  authority  lo  prevent  its  eontiniimiee.      They  suggested 


*  Kiii|iii'b  l.irii  uT  SleaLaTii,  |>.  -ilL 


OTTR  FRENPH  AU.IEfl. 


141 


"That  the  proper  officors  maybe  directed  to  see  that  the 
troops  iiro  snpplie<l  with  polatoes,  tuniips,  rom,  or  other 
vogetahlcs.  so  thut  ihc  troops  may  he  under  no  necessity  of 
taking  tbusu  articlua  iiidiscrmiiiiiitely  t'lvui  tlic  gai-dotxs  and 
fivVU  of  the  inhahitiints,  xvhereby  great  tva»tc  is  made,  indi- 
vidiinls  greatly  injiired  and  distressed,  and  the  army  in  gen- 
eral not  Ko  comfortable  lus  if  supplied  in  a  regular  channel ;" 
and  further  be^eechin;^  Hi^i  Honor  "to  issue  the  nocessaiy 
orders  for  preventing  the  soldiers  jroing,  without  proper 
cause,  into  the  <^ardens,  tields  or  eiulosurea  of  the  inhabit- 
ants, in  order  that  the  mishaps  before  mentioned  may  be 
prevented,  and  that  the  oi-dera  for  this  purpose  Im?  published 
in  the  nfru-sp(ip«^rs,  tlmt  they,  lu  well  as  the  inhabitants,  may 
be  inforiuud  thereof."  *  Arthur  Fenner,  Ksq..  Captain  Paul 
Allen,  and  Captain  David  Lawrence  were  appointed  a  com- 
mittee to  «-ait  upon  Uenend  Gates,  with  the  memorial,  and 
to  confer  with  him  upon  the  subject.  How  eifoctive  this 
memnrial  proved,  tlie  records  do  not  show. 

When,  early  in  October,  17751,  appearances  indicated  that 
Newport  tvould  soon  be  exarinited.  liio  (Jeiienil  on  the  Kith 
of  that  month  held  a  eouneit  with  his  olHeers.  and  desii*cd 
their  opinion,  whether  in  the  present  situation  and  circum- 
staneeci  of  IiIh  urmy  it  was  praotieable  "to  make  a  landinf; 
upon  Ulioile  Island,  imd  j^dn  any  considerable  advantage 
over  the  enemy  ^utliciently  to  eouipensate  fur  the  rissk  and 
proiuible  <lt!4udvanla>^eH  that  the  town  and  surnninding 
coiuitry  miglit  sustain  thereby.**  The  eonncil  consisted  of 
OenciuU  IJatcs  and  Stark,  Colonel  Sherburne,  Colonel 
Jm-kson.  f"oh)nel  Klliot,  Colonel  Tyler,  hieutenant-Colonel 
Pock,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Cobb,  Major  lIuntin<;1on,  Major 
Tyler.  Major  Tresrot,  and  Major  Lyman.  After  maturely 
considering  the  question,  it  wiis  unanimously  derided  not  to 
tmake  the  attempt.  This  decision  was  probably  inllueuced 
by  a  regard  for  the  inhahitantd  of  N'ewport,  saving  them 


■  1  uiiueU  Uho«4«,  177* 


142 


ltHC»[>E   ISLAND  UC  TUT.  ItF-VOH'TIOK. 


from  ()k>  destructive  etl'uet«>  of  au  as&aiilt  upnti  the  town, 
»nd  from  fiiHlicr  (l<;|>rcdations  of  (he  eiieuiy.  IL  seemed 
tiai-dly  woi-tli  while  1o  eh:ike  the  tre«  when  the  I'niit  was  ri[)0 
aud  ifa<)j.'  tu  fall. 

After  tlie  evariintHin,  (ttueml  (tales  decidt-d  In  destroy 
the  defencM  lhii>wu  ii|)  and  »o  loii;^  held  by  the  enemy,  hut 
(ipou  eMiiniuiiig  thciii  ho  found  the  underLnkiii^  more  foriiiid- 
nlile  thun  ho  liiid  supposed.     On  ib'ia  subject  he  thus  wratc 


TO  UKKKtCAl.  W.tKHlN01v>'.- 

'■  fHoviDKsrr,  Siitt  ftctober,  K7J. 

"StB: — Attvr  tjikiiifi  ail  i-xnct  vii'w  tjf  the  wnrkit  Ihc  ftit-niy  ^^^tc■^ed  lo 
tlie  uortliwurtl  nmiI  cnotmutl  of  NVrtport,  I  ftiitt  It  wtIL  hp  ii  iiincli  Itpuvler 
plfce  of  labor  lo  ilvfllroy  llieiu  thiiii  I  liiiUKiiKvl  vi  !ieu  1  Bvt  wroie  tu  Vour  ■ 
Kxc«llency.  I  biivv  ctii.-n'fori.-  curui.->tl.v  sullcltcit  llic  GHvcnior  iiml  h^s 
eouucil  tu  givu  mi!  kucIi  ii.-^>4l.-<L;iiir<<  ii;*  rlie  SMtv  r.nii  hi-  prcvnllcil  on  tu 
affbrd,  toward  ctr^ctiti^  liic  lU-stiTii-lioii  Vour  KxctllMify  lift*  so  Jiidl- 
cioni'lf  rccoDUiu-ndcd:  uikhi  tc>tiiiniiiili:iitliiK  Hi-il  |»in  of  yntir  Icllor  to  tbe 
GoifcrDiir,  luid  »  xdi-ut  fnv  uf  Iii»  couiicU,  1  Had  Uiom  tjxtromrly  uvme  to 
pnrlluK  wllb  ttny  of  tliv  Slate  troupii  nt  pruseut;  iind  are  no  poIdUkI  In 
tlivir  objection!^,  tliiit  I  ?liall  drfiT  Uiiiiklng  of  n-moviiij;  itieui,  iiutil  I  re- 
ceive yoiii  nirtlicr  couiitiiimls.  Nothlii}:.  titdtfd,  ttiil  lhi>  liuiiipdlatc 
arriVHl  of  ihc  flft-r  of  our  allle-s,  winild  inAkc  it  prudent  dln^ctly  tn  mnrcli 
any  of  ilte  cr^iops  uiil  of  thi.<t  Stnte.  as  It  too  |>!.ilnly  ii|i|it:Ar<i,  liy  Uic  riinn- 
iicr  NVnpoi't  linn  liffii  <-v:u-tinted.  tlint  Geiici-iil  niiilnii  Iimk  by  im  niPAnn 
lout  sight  of  lEhoik'  I^!nlld,  or  entirely  renounced  Ids  pn-lcnsionB  there  :  — 
Other  clrcnin»tauce«  not  only  Induce,  but  In  n  desrce  conflrni  this  opinion ; 
I  ttliull  not,  tliurefiipi'.  remove  atiy  of  tiiv  troops  iVuiu  tbis  State,  iiniil  I 
receive  Your  Kxr^llency's  pnrtif^iiUr  dlrecUoiis  npnn  that  head,  or,  onttl  I 
see  a  Biifllclent  M|nndron  nf  yn-nob  ships  of  ivnr  to  convoy  tho  anny  to 
tlie  post  asslKoed  for  their  ilcbarkatioii.  In  tbe  clrcnmKtaiice  of  the  har- 
lK>r  of  Newport  i)uiiia  uecnred  by  the  orrhal  of  the  fleet  of  our  liii;Ii  iiUies, 
thu  objccllnii  of  the  uoveniment  of  this  Stale  to  tlie  removal  ortbeubiile 
of  the  nmiy  to  tlm  n-e»twiird  will  viitiljih :  and  I  dotibl  not  of  Your  Excel* 
Icncy's  being  fnrllicr  rei-nfon-ed  by  inilitia  fVoni  hence,  1  ani  conltdenl 
Yiiur  Kxrrlli'itrj'H  enndor  nill  eonviiK-e  jon  that  I  kIijiI]  cniitinue  to  i.-xrTt 
my  utmost  nbURIes,  with  Ihe  iiio»t  beconilnj;  7,(iil,  fnr  tb.-  hi-nellt  of  the 
public  Bervlce. 

"I  nin  tlilx  moment  i»U-ppIn£  Iido  ilie  boat  u>  lettini  lo  New  port,  hitvlim 
left  It  the  day  before  yesterday  lo  remove  my  (mpem,  etc..  tliUlier.  I  shall 
write  again  directly  from  iheoc-c.    It  would  be  rl^jht  now  that  Gi-neral 


OUR    FRKNCir  ALLIES.  1451 

Gretue  should  place  his  liitntioiu-d  exprcssus  in  tlie  rornl  iinmcdlutely  leud- 
Iny  ft-om  Little  ReHt  to  North  KiiiKstoii,  where  I  shall  fix  a  whale  boat 
ruatly  to  bring  them  to  Newport."* 

A  prominent  evil  that  presented  itself  to  the  obsciration 
of  General  (Jatcs,  and  whieli  hud  been  faniilinr  to  Iiis  prede- 
cessor, was  the  exorbitiint  prices  at  whieh  all  articles  neccs- 
sjiry  for  tlie  subsistence  of  an  army  were  lield  by  persons 
having  tlicni  for  sale.  ^\'ith  many,  cnitidity  was  stronger 
tlian  ])atri()tisni,  and  how  to  remedy  Ihe  evil  was  a  (jncstion 
that  tested  th<^  ability  of  the  most  inHiiential  jmhlic  men. 
An  effort  in  that  direction  was  made  by  the  General  through 
the  following 

CIIIIL'I.AH. 

"  !Ikai>(}1'ai(TKIis,  rnoviiiExcK,  September  1"»,  1773. 

"Viirioua  methods  have  been  adopted  by  the  several  States  in  nur 
iriiloii  to  reduce  the  exorbitant  priee^,  lately  exacted  lunon^Ht  us.  Tor  all 
nrtlfles  of  merchandise,  as  well  as  labor,  on  account  of  the  confliderable 
emlsslon»  of  continental  billw  of  credit,  which  circnmstanccs  h.ivc  made 
it  liidlspeiisalily  necessary  tii  issue  for  the  defence  of  onr  natural  ri^thtn. 

"Those  Hidntary  nien.sures  have  {jivcn  onr  enemies  jnst  enuse  to  fear 
that  their  incessant  endciivors  to  increase  onr  dittlcnltles,  by  circulating 
hills  of  onr  currency,  counterfeited  to  that  etfect  by  order  of  tlielr  Kinj;, 
and  by  cniployin,!;  emissaries  to  raise  the  price  of  all  sorta  of  goods  to 
a  stnpondiin.i)  liuii^lit,  in  consequence  of  their  extravagant  biddings  at  our 
jiiiblic  auctions,  would,  at  last,  pnive  fruitless. 

"  It  is  now  discovered,  tinit,  nearly  despairing  of  reducing  us  to  u  gen- 
eraninukrnptcy,  Ihey  Ijave,  as  ilieir  last  resource,  sent  spies  of  another 
Icind  to  every  one  of  tlie  I'nited  .Stales;  and  that  such  spies,  pretending 
that  thoy  have  come  frtmi  this  or  that  part  of  our  territories,  arc  audacious 
enough  to  uisinunte  '  lliat  llie  plan  of  reduction  never  will  titlie  place,  and 
that  It  is  forcibly  opposed '  nt  On-  jilure  they  come  from ;  and,  unfortunately 
for  us,  they  are  but  too  well  assistcil  in  lliuse  wiclced  efforts  to  ruin  us.  by 
the  extortioners  of  i-very  denomination. 

"Such  artlUces  tending  to  destroy,  throughout  the  I'nited  States,  the 
l^nerou?  and  wise  system  of  rediictlun,  which  legal  publications  demon- 
strate to  lie  generally  supported  :  I  DO  therefure  hereby  command  all 
officers  and  others,  .serving  in  the  army  of  the  I'nited  States  of  America 
within  this  department,  and  the  lines  of  tlie  several  posts  of  the  division 
of  the  army  uiuUt  my  command,  to  apprehend  any  person  who  shall  be 

•liutr^  luiprri',  N.  V.  Diet.  XK. 


OUR  FRENCH  AIXIES.  145 


A  THIRD  EXPEDITION. 

GENERAL  GATES  AND  A  THIRD  EXPEDITION.  —  COLONEL 
ItOWEN  TO  GENERAL  (JltEENE.— ACTION  OP  GOVERNOR 
TRUMBULL.— PLAN  OF  A  THIRD  EXPEDITION  ARANDONED.— 
NEWl-OItT  EVACUATED,  -r  PROCLAMATION  OV  GOVERNOR 
GREENE.— GENERAL  GREENE'S  VIEW.— LETTER  FROM  GOV- 
ERNOR  GREENE  TO  WASHINGTON. 

^jT  nppcjii^  hy  the  following  letler  from  the  Dcpiity- 
(^  Qimrtermastei-Ciencral ,  Colonel  Kphniiin  llowon ,  to 
(tcnerul  Cjreene,  tliut  :i  third  expedition  to  Ithodc  Island 
WHS  contciiipliited  by  Gcncnd  Gates,  to  be  supported  hy 
I)'K.stiiing : 

TU  (iKNKKAI,  N.\Tn.lNAF:t.  OIlRKNIi:. 

"  Proviihskck,  June  8,  1773. 

"  EHTKKMKr>  GK\Kn.\L.—- 1  scikI  you  by  Captain  Willinni  Tew  my 
ACCotiiitN  for  tlic  tnst  iiioiitli,  whicli  is  vcrj'  small  returns  Tor  stores  on  hand, 
and  men  employed  Tor  tlie  i)rcseiit  month.  I  have  dismissed  iill  that  I 
could  possllity  ffpiirc.  The  llNt  Is  yet  large,  but  when  you  consider  our 
extensive  shore,  I  dare  say  you'll  think  tliey  arc  all  needed, 

"  General  Gates  ordered  me  to  semi  a  person  to  you  with  orders  to  wait 
for  cash.  I  have  sent  (Japtain  Tew,  who  acts  as  Brigade  Quartcminster 
to  General  Stark.  If  you  have  not  the  money  by  yon  please  to  send  him 
to  Philadelphia  to  wait  there,  aa  the  consequences  would  be  disagreeable 
if  he  should  return  without  any, —  I  mean  ft-om  General  Gates. 

"It  Is  astonistdug  to  see  the  depreciation  of -the  currency.  Never  did 
It  tall  BO  fast  as  at  this  time.  A  carpenter  cannot  be  hired  for  less  than 
flfleen  to  eighteen  dollars  per  day,  and  all  other  labour  In  proportion. 
Carting,  fVom  twenty  sliillings  to  twenty-four  Khilllngs  per  mile  and  ton. 
In  Hhort,  I  will  refer  you  to  (,'aptain  Tew  and  Captain  Llttletleld  for  par* 
tlcular  Information.  Mr.  Olncy  will  return  In  about  ten  days  from  tliU 
time. 

"  I  have  onlers  from  the  General  to  provide  for  another  expedition  to 

t8 


OUR  PRKNCH  AI.UBS. 


147 


Rh<Kte  LtlMUl.    fic  expecb  CoddI  D'BsMng  liere  In  twenty  dayH.    I  .ihiill 
be  In  A  poor  coiidillon  fur  jui  expuditlou  with  coah  n«  poor  ns  U  ii. 

"I  am,  with  gratiludf, 

"  de&r  GcD«rnl,  Yours,  &e., 


CA-t^. 


5^&t,^tfa.n/ 


Al  ivliiit  Unic  iTUuiuiuiiu'iiLioii  iimy  liavc  Kdch  hr}<\  byOoti- 
enil  Giitos  willi  llic  yrcnt-li  Ailmiral,  on  tliis  aiilijoct,  tlicro 
Am  no  jircsciit  itirnnf)  of  kni)uin<^.  The  plHn  of  lui  c.XJH^<H- 
liun  appcnrit,  hownvcr,  ta  hnvo  boon  iniiNiTted  to  Governor 
JoiMithan  Tnimbiill,  of  Connect icul.  wlio  evidently  foil 
uiitliori?:e(I  to  net  uflieially  in  Iho  uatso,  ntid  nlti>,Th'ith  liU 
ueeufttomcd  j>ron3ptness,  took  nicanures  to  siijiport  the 
Uiuveuetit.*      A  cull  for  four  thousand  nulitJa  was  made  in 


•  JuiMdiaii  Tniinbiitl  wu  <lMM>n(k<d  from  Joha  Tmmhtr.  (m  IM  liaMi«<  «m  *tv)l**l  milil 

t;m,)  wliu  vninr  fTwni  (~iimli<Tlari<leviint,v,  KnK'*"*''  *"**  •■lllrri  In  Kuwk-r,  KjiM'X  «iii»l]r, 

MaiWMlitiivlti>,  liVt<K(.    The  I'allKr.  Jn4r|ih,  Mtllnl  lii   LrUaiirui.  (.'intii..  ndirn.'  Ibi-  iiil^ivl 

L  Df  ikU  li'ithT  Wii*  li'ntii.  .Inm-  III,  17  111.     Hr  Piilpr«>l  lliinani  ■  'i)li.'f[r  Hi  IIh'  B|[v  i>r  tlltrtfTR 

I  yr4r«,  ■nil  ciiuliialiil  nltti  Till  liiincir>  V  ■  (cliglkr.    llr  ■Iiiilhil  illtliilly,  war  llrpii>«l  ta 

pri>Brli,  •ilArtiiliil  tai  a  aluHl  liini>,  l)i<-ii  hIuiIIhI  !■«,  am!  nnt-manli  i-iijEtisnl  In  bii>>r>ru  M 

a  iiteKliniit.    lie  touk  *  |>Ti>iiiiiK'iil  part  In  publk  ftflltin,  un'  a  iiK-inUrr  of  Iliv  IrjrUUlitrr. 

Limlrnanl-tiuirftiiiir  of  llic  8laU'  hi  ITiXi,  uiM  ttv>t-niar  IVriiii  iTifl  lu  ITi^t.     lie  «■>  a  J>- 

valot  fMlrlol,  bihI  riilmnt  ardcattji  hitu  all  vlic  inpanut**  far  M<ur>ii|;  a  Nalloual  IihIt' 

pafiilitMc.    iiortrnon  roott'  »od  lireePf,  cf  Kliudc  liUnil,  fnuiiO  in  lilni  a  rekilx  ami  valu. 

■Mff  maiilutor.    lie  rrcvUcd  fKim  Vale ''ollc^  aiul  fnmt  tin-  I'ulvi-rd)*  uf  Killnburgli  IIm 

d»Kr»«  of  !.(»  |).    WitihliiKton  lilglili  'nliMd  bli  Judinnml,  ktnl  I*  iv]hmii-4  ••  taylitf,  Im 

AMbdlil <••«,*' Lrt  iW4«p  KlMt  nrnfXtr  JontdkfH  ttiy*:~  ■  MlirliiuH  lunjciUite anil m til 

^amjitofvil  ta  |Mn0id(^iii|[  tW  I'nilnl  siai{«. 

Utttnnt  TruBibulI  imirrlnl  FaiUi  Bobliuon,  diintlitiT  of  Rtv.  Joliu  KoMiiKta,  ut  Imix- 
jjhirj.  SlaaaaeliDiclt*,  uihI  Krral.KnirHUanKbIrr  urlI<'v..T<iliii  Ki>biiiwi».  wtin  inw  liU  Uc«»i 
Amji  aiMl  «!«>  mintiM-l  lii  tlu-  \jryt\rm  jitlxrlin  banil  nhi'ii  llii-y  •*(  oiil  li>  (li»l  a  bulitr  la  lb« 
WnUrn  Worlil,  Id  tlili  rftmvd  nomon  lir  found,  lu  rrtrry  (incripucT  of  Itic  t(ir«utiiil<ni, 
B  tii>l|i-ID«vl,  patrlntk  and  pnorgutic  u  lilnucir,— rmily  iit  all  llinra  (u  tai'Hl1n<  riur  aniJ 
(iilKtanc*  In  lapporl  of  n  hHr<l-|>rT>*r<l.  lioly  ruuH.  lu  IUiiMr«Ti<iii  vf  Itii'ttrlianirlrTtttlin, 
tlw  Tiilluwlnit  IncUi'tit  Urrlarnl.  It  waartiilumary  In  i 'oiinrctirul,  i1urii>K  llu-  war,  In  t>k« 
, 'HP nmtrllitiltonii  In  ilK-irliurrliEi  fur  tiir  bi-iiHIl  of  tlic  cuntliwntal  arm;.  Ibiw  cuitilttrt) 
rrtf Wli*UT*rlbp«>atribiii>>r«h«lw#p(ire,— momiy.jMrrlrT.rl'jUilnr. itTiJfiwifi.tio.  "I  1-10 
BM- iiiHi  iicriukiii  In  I^lniioii  Mn-lliij(>llouM-,  afli-r  imllcc  flvrD  Itial  ikn>lliT()nu«oulitbc 
lakcB  tot  ilkr  Mihtit-rt,  Mailnia  b'aHh  rniaibulJ  row  JVoiii  tirr  ■■■•I  near  lii-r  liutbaiid,  tl>n-« 
Ihini  ulT  lirr  iliuuhk-n  a  rnafB[n«ntl  M«rlcl  <*]<mK,—  n  prcwiil,  wr  lirar  on  go'ij  Mitliurlir, 
rrtini  ibe  ■  niBIDaiii1irr-iD-t.1i Iff  irf  tlir  Fmicli  \\\\i»\  .Vriiiy,  r<>iinl  ICiirliambi'aii  litniM^r,— 
And,  MhanHiiK  n«ar  tbc  |mI|'1I,  Inld  ll  on  lli«  altar  u«  liuf  offrrltijc  lu  tl>i»*  nlm.  In  iba 
■ulitti  nX  OBiil  will  Hifriliif,  wMr  Dflillai;  xvHanlly  llir  f!n-at  Datlk'  t-r  I'rii'iloin.  ll  ira4 
■ftrrwanit  lafccn,  cMt  Intg  narrow  w\\m,  awl  rniplw^wl,  a*  (vU  Itiinuilug,  lu  «lr)))«  ib« 


IW 


RHODE  I8LASD  TN  THE  RBTOLrTION. 


Connecticut  "to  co-opflr«to  with  Count  D'Eslaing — just 
when  the  fleet  of  the  latter,  after  the  attack  on  Sflvnnuab, 
was  Miourly  looked  for'  ou  the  norilieni  const,  to  renew,  in 
conjiUKlioa  with  Wiwhington,  assjuilU  upon  the  foe  at  New- 
port and  New  Vork."  The  (iovemor,  in  his  prochiinjitioii, 
spoke  of  "the  sing^ularly  noble  and  fjcnerous  conduct  of  tlio 
French  Adiuii-al  in  leaving  to  hazard  Lis  acjuiaitions  in  the 
Woat  Indiefl,  anti  coming  to  our  aid  at  the  rcfjucst  of  Con- 
gress,—  and  of  the  emotion  ho  must  feel  if  disappouiled  of 


i\KM  of  Atatrlenn  •QMitnr—ili/* of  <!ov*mor  Trumbmtl.  p.  fil 4.)  lib  lhn«*on*, Join, 
JuM'|>h  »iil  .innitlliBii.  urrlod  «l  tlMInelkiii.  A  portrait  of  Uovrmoir  Tnmbull.  Kalot, 
iiii>>'  hf  fwtii  oil  \mKv  HU. 

(wlviicl  Jolm  TniiubiiH,  mn  uf  Jrmullmn.mM  born  lu  t^tiariiiii,  Cwni.,  Juii**,  ITW.  II* 
tnu>»pu|ill  of  \atlinii  IbulAlr,  muM  rrul<>rM-k  al  fix  yt-irt  orniir.  and  km  a  rndtwlcor 

Itarmnl  I'niviTill*  in  1771.  In  177£  lie  Jalnri]  lii-iiorul  Sjiencrr*!  ('oiiMr<'licul  n-|tinicirt  M 
AtUulaiii,  KDil  pnrlldpatcil  In  Ibe  bnlMe  at  Ituitk^r"*  Hill.  Ho  wo*  In  ilir  I'luui'U  Kiimll- 
lion  ill  17711. «ti<lnu,<i>Mr  of  ttiojinrlir  llii.l  riHT-il  i^ii  h.  c  liy  St..lolm"J  gale.  IliaikUlaMi 
ilniHKliUuiBli  wm  uIimtiiiI  )if  M'linliiiitclnii.  wti«  s|i)iii1ti1i>i1  lilni  lit*  a\ii.  Ilr  wu  idlrr* 
wvitt,  Tor  n  tlibrt  time,  a  Dicmlirr  of  iIk'  tullitar}'  ranill^  oi  litiwnA  C^ntM.  ok  AiIjiiIniiI' 
litiirr>).  virli  till?  nek  of  I'ulund.  Hit  tuluulnri  H-rTicf.  umlvf  Ii<^irra1  .'■ullfvali,  hittc 
b<t'll  tiulleni  ui)  iircifoiM  ingT*.  Alinndoulii^  II>l>  iinvfi-nlnii  iif  urm*,  Ik>  di'Xitnl  lillRK-If  t'l 
n If.  milt  III  ITHI  wml  tn  iMidnii  ti>  •liittjrwtlh  U'<-it.  1  tifintuniiti'lvfm- tilni,  a  blllrr  frrl- 
hiH  ilinii  pxliilnl  In  rlial  rlljr,  rxillnl  by  ihii  rxrc^iitlon  of  An<ln-.  mill  llmiigli  Ilit-  liilliim<T 
or  (nuiii  Kiimtorr],  (ItMilBmlD  Ihoxnitfon,)  ht  w»»  aiTMloloti  mtiiicloii  ur  IhIuk  a  itpy  or 
iliiiiji,  run*  i>cr*oii,  nuil  kr|it  In  clnw  oiril1nriiii-nl  h*v<-ii  inmilliii.  At  niu-  litiii'  iiiipi-nraiiem 
KPTr  Mr<ii>xly  <>|iai">l  )<'■  "■^■'tVi 'ii>t  Wi>>l  liaviiix  i'(]>laltii-il  tb  tlir  Klcft 'he  rvncl  cuiiill- 
lioli  (if  aRkin,  l>«  wa«  ilirrcttil  bi  hi>  iiinj-t'tly  to  tuiviirc  lit.  Tniinhatt,  Ilinl  ^T1lll<'  be  lixit  no 
[Hivrr  lu  rrtr-avr  lilin,  bU  Ilfr  i)iniilil  br  ralr,  Tlinmali  tin'  lrifliii-»rt'  iif  llitrlir,  I'liv,  \Vr*t 
uuiM  ugilcy.  1i«  wni  rrlciittd,  and  W<nl  to  AiiiMtT<liiiii,wltrfc  lie  found  a  hmiU'  lu  tlir  rmiillj 
o(  Mr.  Jiilin  Itr  \'<*ulVilt<i,  nliow  aojilikliilkiici-  lir  tiiiiilr  III  l.<iii<loii.  Tlir  lb-  PiruhillciDi-fV 
a  banking  llmi  frlt^iitly  Ilk  Aini>rlc«.  In  ITrt  lie  »l"lutl  I'arl*,  ami  wbtli-  n-slilInK  irltti  Mr. 
JfffvrtoB,  Uic  AnMi-lran  >tliil«ii>r,  iminti^  In  lilfl  boiiH-  lliu  |iortrall«  of  thi-  l^nrli  nlDci-n 
Ibat  ii|iprnr  in  III*  K'**(  bMriHriil  [lailililit;  uf  llii- Siirri-iKlpr  uf  <'anLWn1iU  at  Viirbli'Vi. 
lIctnbiT  lu,  IDII.  l<r*i>liT>  ditlil  •■tliiiirt*  ufllK'  Anii^rlcan  Itvvoiulioti,  Hnir<)i|[  ('K'Iii  llio  IniI- 
Ib'  of  lliinkiT"*  llilt,  the  I>ralb  of  MontgomcTy.  the  inrn-tiilcr  iif  Itiirfinyut.  and  Ilir  Itwlf- 
natlon  i^T  Wnibln^ari,  Colutirl  Tiiinibu1l[inlntrd  fnim  IIIV  "  nrar  two  liiinttml  ami  Any 
IKiilralUflf  pcrrion*  ilLitlnpiliilM-il  In  thill  linjinrinnt  |h-H«<I."    TIi>;  "  lYtiitifiult  flaUern," 

oirnni  b]' ^  alf  (.'nllrfr,  la  nil  hnnnrNlilK  iiivtiiiirlu!  nf  hi*  |!>>iiliiik  Hiiil  iiiituilry  ■■  n  ttnlDet 

uiid  HI  n  lilfiiwlriil  <l(-ll(ii-Bior.  <  olonH  TruinUill  illtd  Id  XfK  York  <lly>  Suvoubcr  W, 
t^U.     Ilia  rwinliia  wrn iiitubcil  In  Tirw  llavrii,  Cuun. 

(  olDnc-IJowpfa  Tnimliull  wnaal'oiniiiUuiy.rii'norsJ  of  ihi-  ItnvaIa(ioniu7  armi',  a  nm. 
lu-r  of  ilii-diii  (onpTM  lu  ir7l--'',  aiiil  t.  roniiiiI*«li)iit!r  for  ib«  UoiinL  of  War.  ('oltin«l 
JntiHllu>n  Tniiiiliull  wtw  Paymailix  to  (lie  Xorlbcrii  I irpatliuFiil  of  llii.-  Aniiy,  aid  lu 
Waalilnittoii  lo   lhi>  rUia*  iif  iIH'  «■!,  uticl   timpnirir  ijf  luiinn-lk'ut,  171ISl-U"IW. 

iio*«ni"r  JviiRllian  Tniinbiill.  wnlor, dl(><l  In  blP  imlivf  lowii.  AuROd  11.  ir^a.lioiiorwl 
and  laiiiPtilril  oa  a  iliilKuI  Min,  a  ilri'nini  liii>bauil,  a  Icmlrr  falbi-r,  n  tiruilciit  (^iiinwrtlor, 
anil  nil  Inirorruplibli-  alaioamnn.  Win.  Tniinbiill  |ifL>ra^l«I  Uliii  to  llif  Kn»'i-  liy  "wirlj-  fl»* 
yr»n,—  >lic  (lytnji  Muy  'in.  I7>",  at  tbt  tgv  of  alxtj.tvo.  In  botioriikf;  lb«  imrmkt  of  tbo 
cbW-f  iiiaxialrale  IcL  nvL  liU  nubb  wife  be  foijtvttca. 


isn 


nnODK  IHt.VMIl  IN  THE  RKVOLmoy. 


**  Ktnu)  your  IMtor  upon  tho  fl(i1>Jcct  of  the  Rhode  liiluid  expedition,  I 
liftVd  ocMiiiiilt«cl  (tcrierAl  Wiuhlngton  n|K>n  tho  iintt«r,  and  be  vnjs  he 


KoTK.— Oolunvl  E|>1iriiliii  flowoii.  wIiom  iiiito)p'a|tti  iippcnn  on  pagB  131,  «ru  the  Mcond 
•no  ami)  (i^niili  I'lillit  iif  hr.  KpliTvlin  and  lijrclU  l>lnwaof]  llowcn,  nnil  wu  born  In 
rr»tl<li'Uir,  II.  I.,  Aiigiiil  Will,  I7.V1.  Of  lib i-lilldhaixl  na  IroillUaiii  art  pntCtroA.  11U 
oilni-mloiiil  ijiijiurtiihltira  n[i]H-N.r  In  liait<li«i-n  fanrfiilli  Iru^irnvcil.  Ho  «>r1]'  twouiio  Itttpr- 
MliHl  t<i  piilillr  iiiloir*,  nnil  in  I77S.  nilhc  ngt  of  alnelctn  ;«are>  w*>  one  of  llic  [lalriot 
tMUil  tIiv  liHik  •ml  liuriinl  llii'  llrlllali  umnl  ■ctiixinrr  liupcv.     ^Al^t<^,pp.  S,  H.) 

Ill  ITTA  livnwnMJo  «  t.hMiKrtiiuil  til  ('uiHalu  i  tirUtoplicr  Olii*r'<  cointwnjr.  belong  I  nc 
lul'i-lunrt  liaid*]  llUdioocI:'*  mlmMit.iLiHl  llriKiwJk-Mtrcieni]  NailiatiaH  <irvcnr'*bri- 
(mIi<,  ralinl  n>r  ri/fln  ibihiiIi*'  •mitv  na  iliv  ■■Armj'  of  Obaerratloit.'*  (I'alooi'l  llttch- 
Md.  <lli->t  Ml  >la«rl*lo«n,  >'.  J.,  (nJamiarr,  im.)  Wlillo  laUia  lontea  Ucwaa  nJ<«iKt  l>y 
Or(i*rii1  fVaililnHtnii,  Ihi-u  al  i  itnilitliln-.  lu  lit  uiil  nii  armnl  rrMrl  In  lntrrc']it  tujijillrt 
Kolajl  (<■  it>v  llrllUii  la  tiodoTi.  In  irrv  )■<■  vtati  ui'tKilalMl  to  a  f.^FrtalBcy,  and  la  ibe  fainc 
frmt  aaa  aMMtliilnl  a  I  'a|italu  In  Ihi*  IIIkkIi'  Inlaiiil  lliiv  of  llic  cuntiavntid  mnny,  Frem  (lili 
pmUlaw  ha  <n*  lrn<i<>IVmil  lo  1t>r  Slair  liTi<ai<iiicii(,  and  In  ir;;  adMl  a>  AMiMani  (^ar- 
UMHWMt^MWfid,  uuAvt  tirarml  Sliaila.  Jn  I.Tn  Im  «ai  apfiolaUd  UnarlvmiaMrr-i.en- 
aval  of  thr  lluUrd  .Siair*  anB<r,  ami  In  Juna  of  thai  irai  iiriu  n>mMiL»bianl  lkp(ini;-«jaar- 
tanwwt««^i«Bi>rat,  Ui  Im  MalliiaarT  villi  ibv  anny  In  Ktimlv  l*taiiii.  llili  pwlllonwaji  one 
oT  InanaMM  tmn  •ad  aaxlplr.  Tn  provU*  tw  III*  waau  of  ihr  annv,  liotara.  foracr. 
ctatlilllf ,  aMmaalthiM  aa-l  IWI;  ta  mmamtft  tbo  dnancM  of  hl>  itrpatlmoat  wtlh  a  Oucta- 
■M^  mutvmey,  an4  to  mpM  bihI  aatmrr  all  ikv  itMoaMb  tijion  hU  tlnv  and  nMimca,  n- 
i(«lr*d  a  ifuiek  |»Ra|itkMi  uf  kli  rrlalluu  lo  tbr  arm;,  a  rradj'  fofccail  of  coDttuf  aranbk  a 
««hn.  Mbnlnhlratlw  nlnU.  mhI  a  taiwd  Ji*<lf>Mirfii.  Itut  l»  apfirat*  l«  lni>»  Iwaw  i  inal  I* 
Um  MiatfMMMU  a(  hit  (Mfclk  Ukc  ilntln  ef  wtitoti  tw  dUcharccd  whb  creal  tJHHj  WMII 
|h»itBH>ariliaar«r. 

i.>ah>Ml»a<r««<mit»lee  wmtM-  OrH.  lo  iWly  AnfrU;  aad  M«oi»d.la  inH,  to  5«mi 
■mUllfll  nrhklf^lrilbWhadliatJkltilrwuiU.:  WlULaai  U.  Julia.  Vathaalrl.  (4kit 
)IMiaJ  «aiHj,  C4M  rooitfi)  »»*  niMbWh.  «ba  narrlnl  tb*  tat*  Han.  Jotia  H.  iDarli*. 
l^hkw««M)«t»lwkMltWirekIMra«,«U.:  toltaM.  (i«>org<>  T^  >arah  and  Uarj. 

f^itaMl  1Id«t«  MMalard  pnanJ  w^WllliW  awl  IwnraMg  dill  nUkn  ;  aaianK  Ihm 
IfeM  af  (tkivtf  «Mr  lb*  fonair  «r  lYotMaat*.  aM  nffvaaatad**  la  ilw  l<«»ml  AwfMy 
ftHMtlMta««iiri<ft«ttt»*,irtw(»  hapaHrianijMinarUilMfaadwafiaUr.  ni* 
MMMl*  «•*«  rt(M«  a*!  MMdfcM.  a^  U*  hi%MMaa  to  KiAta*  af  tte  bvahnkia  anl 
ttrtr  tJt  1  b  atjUMlMt  fcr  pattot  wi  pwH  f*  ■'tf ^.  CalVBri  kswn  vni  a 
ma^trtt^m  HMHlt  1*^  SaaMr  «ri^  tteHnaaH.  imI  "  "  -"  '  —|' 
^pw4  W  Wwhfc^afc  It  In  iWiaawnJan  aC  Iha  Kha^a  h*a*4  HMwIdnl  )t«dt«r.  ^ 

l»MH,«lHat>iaMallJ*7«»a«M  mM^  a tanr aTlta moot. CMMd  ■■■n*W» 
«yalBla4  hf  Iba  Mm  aaMM*  ar  rw««^«(n  a  Maafaraf  An  coMMlnM  «to  M«  *•  «a> 
^^ifhfil  tntat  «f  iwni*—  at  rtaUaH,OB^ta4««4MHM4ktal»<h» 
af  ilw  IMK^  In  wMA,  Icatr-WK  y«M«  fciltanw  Ifc  aadal  a^  allkvy  |  "r  k 
nUriymmMtC   TWninil<faM<i*»fc«M»nii— mnHrynMl»<i»    l^ 


■^O 


«dhk  Inftito 


tanal— M— ;  inftitwo.    IK  < 
In  nMkar <**•■•  «^  MWHas* 


><£*mt[m»m\ 


lUir... 


Iltaaflht] 


in(»ni 


k  <f  «•  iMMh  «r  Ji«!  ■  «M  fta  ■ 

■tak  fciitMMu'inai  MKAite  I 


OUIt    FRENCH  ALLIES.  151 

knows  of  no  such  cxpctlltioii  cither  having  been  ordered  by  Congress,  or 
by  any  other  body  authorized  for  tlie  purpose.    I  wish  you,  tlicrcrorc,  to 

of  the  Itevolulion.  Of  his  utrrlces  In  tlio  llclil  no  rcconl  has  been  preserved,  bat  It  If 
uniliTftooil  tliat  lie  va^  In  one  engngement  witli  t)u'  eneiuj. 

He  ilic<l  In  TruvMenec  September  2, 1M1,  In  tUc  dghly-ninth  year  of  his  age  havhift  out- 
livnl  UiK  iilne  chililren.  Uli  taneral  took  {iluce  Septciiibfr  3A,  from  No.  31  Lulon  Btret-ti 
wlturc  he  n-sliliil  at  the  time  of  hlg  ileccOH'. 

£XTIEAi;Td  FilOM  (OI.ONKI,  nuWKN'S  I.ETTKKS. 
To  Gintral  Xathanael  Giteaf,  January  2, 1 778: 
"  Voiir  favor  of  the  lL!th  uUimo  I  received  per  express,  nitli  one  liunilred  and  forly  Ihou- 

RaiKl  dollars Tlie  amount  uf  my  account  us  far  as  I  bavc  btvii  able  to  eollect 

llirimfili  want  of  cash.  Is  one  Imiidrcd  tbou»aiul  iiliie  hundred  Hiul  Dlmity-thrcv  iHiuudii,  tM. 
ft/." 

To  the  Ktme,  Oclober  20,  7779: 

"  I  liavi- borrowed  of  (ietieral  Snilivan  one  handrail  and  forty  tboimaiid  dollani,  wlileb  be 
wl«bes  iiiR  lo  return  as  loou  as  convenleitt.  If  It  U  jtusslbic  wisb  It  might  be  sent  fbrwani, 
and  at  tbc  i-iime  time  Hliould  be  glad  to  receive  some  for  the  department." 

To  Gtnrrai  SulUrrin,  Angu»t  JS,  J  778: 

"  I  wniie  you  ye»lenlay  moraliift  that  we  bad  Imlf  a  ton  of  powder  in  the  mill.  I'pon 
sendlnicfi>r  it  we  llml  It  I*  not  sulDelentiy  dry,and  cannot  be  mndi-  (It  fur  \x*k  under  tbree  or 

four  days  of  good  weather We  have  a  eonsldenible  number  of  hands  employed 

in  makliifc  eurtrldges,  nnd  bad  we  {lowder  could  engage  many  more.  As  you  hav<-  ordenil 
Hie  heavy  eaniion  ftam  I'awtnxet,  1  Iiave  tliought  It  best  to  direct  Hie  guard  to  Julii  yuu 
forthwith." 

To  Ofneriil  Kalbanarl  Grttnt,  Xovrmher  11, 1778: 

"  I  have  at  lenfrth  marie  up  my  accounts Tlie  amount  you'll  sen  is  seventy-two 

thousand  sovun  Imndredand  thIrty.two|iuuiu|g,  17*.  wlilcb,  with  the  sunix  advanced,  as  [ler 
list  of  tlii-ni,  makes  tlie  wliulc  amount  one  bnudreil  tliou^nnd  and  thirty-six  iiounds,  ta.  vd., 
and  tlie  amount  of  cnilll  as  [ler  acrouni,  seveuly  tliousand  three  liundred  ami  one  iwuudji. 
Ills.  Have  paid  Genera]  .SulUvau  out  of  thv  money  you  lost  sent  me,  Htxly-IIve  thonsand 
dollars." 

To  the  tamt,  Ftbruary  3, 1779: 
■*Am  sorry  lo  Inform  yon  tlml  I  have  liad  no  success  In  procuring  vessels  to  bring  rice. 

There  is  not  a  vchsi-1  In  tbe  State  suitable  that  can  Im;  had  on  any  terms I  had 

]nit  one  hundred  and  Any  or  nlxty  horiies  on  I'ruilence  tty  (ieneral  Sullivan's  advlee.  In  the 
(kll,  supposing  tliey  would  wliitiT  tliere  without  cost,  wlilcli  tliey  would  have  done  liml  not 
tlie  torl(-s  from  Newport  taken  olT  what  of  them  were  in  tolerable  I'ose,  and  kilio)  ail  the 

n-st  but  one  or  two,  a  few  days  since Have  engaged  Ur.  Benson  at  $1U0  per 

niontii,  till  yuur  pleasure  can  lie  known." 

7V>  Ihe  lamf,  April  4,  1 770: 

"We  are  exceoiingly  haiily  supplied  with  cash  in  the  forage  department.  Twenly.two 
tlioosand  dollars  is  all  that  rolonei  Iliddle  has  s<-nt.  Hie  V.  ii.  [Forage  AlaslerJ  owes  all 
round  the  nountry,  and  lias  at  laxt  lost  his  coat  by  reason  of  not  paying  bis  bills  as  he 
engngeil I  have  becuoblige<l  to  lend  the  F.  M.  upwards  of  thirty  thousand  dol- 
lars, which  I  could  illy  si>ar«'." 

Tolkfiimr,  Seiiffmbera.  177!): 

"  1  have  un  ai-i-onnt  jiresenteil  and  certlHi'd  by  Ciilonel  Wall,  fur  keeping  H\r  horses  of 
tin-  jiUotx  til  the  Kn-neli  fleet, at  Narragansi'tl,  and  fur  provision ^  fur  the  pilots,  anioauting 


lAS 


RHODE  ISLAND   IN   THE   BEVOLLTION. 


be  reT7  carefbl  and  not  take  a  single  st«p  without  written  orderii  to  Ju<<tllV 
jour  couduci,  aa  It  will  be  Iii!ilniiat«d  hcreafler  tlmt  jon  have  precipitately 


IOBl)aiil£lM.  (lrt)rTaK'»tta<lfcliiw««nl«Ttn|-p»rmcnlforlt.  reload  W»ll  lirtilTcd  me 
(□  mcioMon  ll  to  jrnn,  tn  know  hitw  It  thould  im  p«td.  or  wliHlwf  I  could  prnj:  ll  wIUioul  lh» 
Ucntral'a  onlcr,  u  Leiond  WoJI  *riU  be  DUie«<3  lo par  U  UnuctT  IT  Vnf  tniblle  dow  not." 

To  lAt  MM,  OcUber  3, 1776: 

•'  I  am  raklitf  ovitrj  (t^p  tn  rurwurd  IIjp  OMttidptliMi  Of  thr  bMrack*  w  Mo»  •>  jMMKltile, 
Iiut  nn*  gninii  Mildir  ■••utlbi!  Ii<««b.  «rlilch,  tf  fouliarp  nirt  tn  njiiimrlt))  tod,  pk-juu  kUo 
(Un<ctloiu  loMr.  IVIIll  to  m-iuI  bf  mjr  h««tlirr,  wlio  f^-i  !a  riiUodi-liilila." 

'J'othtiame,l>e(*mlierS,  1770: 
"  I  r(«riin]  n  frn  rinj*  line*-  n  cli*n  on  Hie  (ViiDiHlMinnfT  nf  Lnan*,  Id  IliU  KtAl«,  Avin 

Ur.  rvtill,  ft>r*lxtj  thoDNuid  [Kiunda 0«iK-rat  Cornrll  luw  <)lmc4t>d  b»mick«, 

to  contftiu  1,000  invii,  to  tN7  bnlll  in  lliii  town,  wMdi  vc  am  now  aliotil." 

'J'a  Ihf  tame,  Dt^emhtr  17.  JT70: 

"  1  AID  &g«[ii  tinilor  lht>  ■iMini'tt)'  of  tiemtln^  Of  )ou  *«ii|>|il]'  nf  nuli  Tor  thb  d^parlnwoil. 
....  J  liBTc  IttClit'rio  bct-n  Mtp|ili(4  bcroBtl  mr  «xpM4Ufaii.  and  oii  Dial  >c«a«iii  my 
cnilll  ItkH  Blirruj-s  bpL-n  gutxl  In  borrow  wtutt  rami  1  iruitnl,  wUii-li  I  hnii!  tledlii*^  nt 
muoliupoMlblcoii  wvunnt  of  Ilie4i>etu*llnj[*»il  namrtabi  itntcuf  PUroDmnaj." 

7b  fJU  mm*.  Frliruarf  e,  1 7S0: 

"Ai  tbnsti  U  Kstw  ind  dllDcult  lo  Iw  |)roeart<l  at  I1i»  NoHli  lUnr  wiil  t)i*>  catiip  in  Ita 
Vtalnlty.  Willi  jrouTilirEvllunt  I  wDI  (■«  mmum  rbi- wnind  lin-ah' up)  tmnxjKirl  arrWVMM'J 
loadit  1(1  Hume  NVck  tir  III  m-lftiliarfxMHl,  Ihal  il  maj' Ih-  iiiin<-d  ial>i-ii"«i-r  It  I*  Kantrd. 
II  lb««  U  u  rrobftbtlliy  of  bartrt  tn-lag  mu<ti  vaaiol.  irbidi  duubtlcM  will  be  Ibp  eutt 
■huuJil  tbvre  be  bucieIht oini)ui;ni ;  iliv  im'HUl  l■(b^  m-wt  Iktonblv  (Iiutr  (u  iiiircliwir  llivta 
Utre,  ai  A>'n«ffu  In  ilir  cuuulrr  In  t-x«<«.iilticly  vrarm  ami  i\ettr,  and  tit-  liiiic  lli<-  iiH«n>  of 
kH-[ilnKlI><'m  mi  Kboilr  I^IbikI  at  lidk  pxt«'*'>  coiDExm I *'*!/•  •  .  .  ■  TliU  will  be 
dnHti-ml  l<i  yoii  by  l'n|>tiLin  Talbul,  wiio  !■  Rutiijl  lu  t'lttlndi-liilila-  If  II  ahDiakl  b*  ouiirFn- 
l^^t  lo  tiiMwl  tnr  any  cuali  be  will  bctng  It." 

To  tlmm-nor  (Inifnt,  Stpttxtlttr  30,  J7S0: 

"To  piirvbaivaiiy  moraonowUt,  lialmort  Imputiltilr,  and  nn*  tl  jiotoitili'.  I  tliu-ultl  Jli. 
Ilho  doiiiir  It  Mtlliout  tbr  Rtrvncrvt  lUMranco  o\  my  bclne  mwd  (nntlcd  m  |«y  fur  irltat 

uilgbl  Iiu  ri-cplrnl  [□  lliBI  Way." 

To  Coionti  rimathf  I'ieterinff,  Orlitba-  C,  JJSO: 
"Ti^eJrvojH  1  incDtloai-d  U-foro  nrv  itltl  dnIiiK  duty  In  1lil>  Stat^.anil  nn  irvallyitU- 

IrvaMil  for  ftiH Tlip  t'n-iirli  anny  nn- oiHiliMi»lly  inaiiliiiK  nulMnix-i- InNii  my 

deiioHincfir.  andaCrwdnyi  aso  I  hod  au  application  ftiim  t>><-  Grtl^nkl  Aivciulily  or  iliii 
Htati-  and  Ibi^  Qnartpriniulrr-firiirml  of  llii'  Frt-nrli  Army  to  iip|i<>lnt  tin  nulilant  whww 
pritinlpnl  duly  ■liquid  iwlhr  iMrrncldiiEur  tliv  Krrucli  irvin[i>,  but  an  I  tiAcniM  aullmrltMl 
I  d(^Jlii('il  ninkliig  thv  a|it)oiatni(iiU*' 

MICMi>K.t>ri,l  OP  miXIXKl.  KPIIRltM  liaWKX. 

IT73.    Julie Otli.    A«iI*I(hI  inibi.  drdnidion  oT  tti«>  ttrilUli  •cJinairi'-r  rinqM^v. 

ITTi.  AppoltitHt  LlmlMiaai  lu  Cotond  DirlitopbtT  Olney'ii  oiniianj,  of  Hid  "Anay  of 
ObmTn(i(ni,''<x(intnan<lLiI  by  UrigsilliT-drEirrul  Nattiaiiarl  iircMir'. 

liTO.  dtuM-n  a  ra|>lalu  la  <)if  Kivonit  ItliivJp  MktiiI  Itslfalluii.  — luiilrl  llttrlimwik,  Colo- 
tm.    "  I{M«m(r.pnd«l  by  r.cntrftl  WatlilnKton  for  tlif  Ntw  l^lablMiiDctit." 

KTlL  Am  Dnpaly  ijimrtiTiiunlitr-lit-urrftl,  gip]j|Ir<l  lo  llie  (ircutral  Aiiitnlily  fur  •rri-n  Iiun- 
(Irwl  VQTiU  uf  »("><)  "Pir  iIii^dk'  of  (in-  nrmy,"lu  be  tlrllii-ml.  fiiur  Imtnlml 
firnlt  III  IVivlilriK^-,  Ivtii  liiirHltnt  mril-  at  KulJliiK  Mill  aiul  I'tnil  lirrfiiwlrh, 
aiiiiJ  vae  buudrvd  cur^lt  ai  l'|ullli>'ii  Nt-wtouii.     I{i->(i[p<it  ([rantMl. 


OUK  KRRNCIl  ALUER. 


i.i:i 


^nc  Iniosn  nniicteftMrj'  expense  (o  ftvrellyonr  owiir<MtimlMion«-  What- 
ever Onncral  Gat<»<  orilen  ymi  are  warniiilwl  to  provldn,  providing  it  Is  in 
Ihc  line  of  your  dttpurtuK'nt,  but  hnrc  all  your  ordvrv  fo  tlint  ihvy  iitmy 
tpvkk  tor  themselves.  TliU  will  Hccuru  you  In  csite  uuy  ucciilciit  should 
rimppen  to  tlic  Lhincrnl.  anil  svchit-  your  llimlly  kIiquIiI  niiy  ncctdeni  hnp^MHi 

ThU  I'rioiidly  couiis^ul  niriiishea  nn  illuHlratiun  of  UotiL^mL 
Greene's  fniTeiist,  but  in  this  iiisljim'e  was  unnet*sa«r}'.  No 
one  engaged  in  the  puMic  service  was  more  careful  thnn 
Colon«I  Itoweii  ill  prescnin^r  I'videiu'cs  of  nil  his  poeiininry 
Iransnctions,  nor  in  refiif<ing  to  trnns«*cn(i  iho  legal  powers 
conferretl  upon  him.* 

To  cupfure  the  ISritiHJi  at  Newport,  or  compel  them  to 
eviicuate  the  ishiiiiJ,  when  two  preeediiig  attempts  hy  other 
Cicncrnls  hml  failed,  would  aecord  with  tho  nnibition  of  the 
hero  of  Sarjitoga,  and  it  is  easy  to  eonccive  of  D'Kstning'B 
willingness  to  c"nec  more  identify  his  lleet  willi  such  an 
enter|)rise,  und  thus  win  r<»r  liitn^^eU'  laurels  that  ten  months 


1^-ttla  Kllir?  <lr  I'liniy.liiiHiiiliiiiijr  i^fiictkI  »r  111*  1I»M  •  liH»tbii  Kniettf." 
ifvavni  AMTiiilily  "  VvIrU  >■■•]  ri'tohol  tli«l  £l\<'"  Inivriil  ii>iiii>.-t  W  Bilrnnrrd  lo 

Kphntlm  JiiJwi-ii.  Jr.,  K»i)..  l»i-|iii(v.(iourl>-»numpr-<<«ntT»I,  uut  of  ihi'  Gtavnl 

1'KaMir]',  Id  ptirclinir  knnpiwck*,  anri,  «uu(l,  He.  fur  tl»  tniapa,  niM  In  drftv; 

tliF  rx|>Mi>i' uf  llii-lr  iiinrchlnr. 
Wat  rnipiiwrrnl  lo  lulvknty  niiuiry  to  llr.  •laiiir*  I'ralh,  iirdrml  to  I'roTtdrMn  bf 

Gmaral  WtuliliigtuB  m  |>rni  iitr  linijilioli  Tin  llic  h'mirli  nrvijr. 
Kiaptnrmditxlnif  iK.tm.'.coiilitwiiitLl  Bioiit'f.oiii  »f  iliv  4>iMii>nil  Trtanirr,  Ki  do- 

fV«)r  llir  r>|N:k<m)r  lran>tH>r!lng  >lurc*  I»  HMikill  niHll  otitivdlCHt  rtvtr«,>n4 

III  i)>(V««  lltr  rxpniitF*  uf  Ur.  Jaiuc-t  ITrslk. 
l>«|>IHBb«t  W.      Krorlvnl  a  Irtirr  froin  (iorcrltivr  l-rmir  lu  T(.'jmr«1  to  •M|>|>lylllf  tli>* 

Ifaajtf  KTldlT  lirllrnil  ]li-Mtll  nil  Uliotli-  Irlsiiil  witli  nii'l. 
0«<oIkt9.    Wrl(4'<  1»  ■•uicriiDr  Un-M)v  in  rrrrmitr  i»  hii  cKpitrlPil  >l>h  uf  llit-lhik-i- 

4k  I^AilllIb, 

Apimluii-d  lit  tl.ir  U*(iprnl  AiiwOTlily  i^anrlMintuii-r-liriirrml  of  llw  wlinla  MIUUb  al 
1h«  ."Utt. 
inOi    KJvdvil  by  llivlimeral  limittilyKlierlfl'  of  rnnlileocefiouiily. 
178t.    f.lecicil  Mirrlir  vf  i'mfldi-uL-c  muilly. 

"        Uii-lril  l^iiuli-riiuiilir-f.i'i^i-nl  uf  llir  IIIIIiIh  of  llir  Milr. 

■Ib  irfrrvui'v  l»  liar  ri-iuru  of  IVFjtlalii^  (o  IIm' I'litlnl  SInint  fiir  •nallu-r  Irldtitl  Xe«' 
IKirl  KDtt  >vw  Yoii,  «npr  IiIk  itfvtnllvo'  BipiliMii  hi-  Vlim-iii  Hiitt  <imi«ila,  ibr  l-'r<iM)l 
ninittrr,  M.  tirriTil,  lirlil  >i->rr«l  ninFi'tT-ici:r«  nrllh  ■  iMnimlII*-i-  of  <  otiKn-i^,  mill  abu 
vldtnl  Watlilnjcluii  In  hl>  mi<i|i,  li>  miwulL  villi  lilin  U|}uti  llic  tut^ci-t.  Uul  thr  fNllMni  In 
thr  alriir  ii(  NitMxiutli  nt>|>i-ar<  In  lute  ]iul  all  mil  lo  aa;  uUirr  pliinn  llial  WHir  hsu  br*>ii 
•■HU"'"''  '""  ''  '"'■'  '"!■'>  *•  W'aililiig-IoM  HiM  lolirn'iii',  tlial  lie  Liirw  iif  iin  aullHirUnl 
pliui  for  nch  an  rJkjK-cIlllun. 


154 


RHODE  ISLAXn  TT?  THE   RETOLrXlOS. 


I^eforu  seemed  to  iiwiiil  bis  iicceptnnco,  hut  whicli  a  tornado' 
hatl  swept  Iieip'ond  Iiis  reuch. 

This  siibjci'l  is  involved  In  some  obstiirity.  It  is  ])rolm- 
lile,  liowvvt'r,  tliiit  if  D'Kslaitig  eon tcui plated  fngagin^  in  iiii 
expedition  whiili  neither  Wasbingtou  nor  Coiigi-ess  had 
sanctiont'd.  the  wounds  he  had  reeeived  at  the  siege  of 
Siivaiiiiah,  mid  other  causes,  led  him  to  nhnndon  his  pur- 
|108C,  and  6uil,  us  elsewhere  stHtud.  tu  tiie  We^^t  Indies,  and 
thon<!e  to  Fnmec.  (hit  nt  hetit»  such  un  cx[K>dition  woidd 
have  heeii  found  enlirelv  unneee**Hrv.  Vov  tnore  th:iii  two 
years  and  ii  half  the  lirilisli  hiid  hehl  New[>(irt,  hut  hud  been 
unable  to  make  advances  on  to  the  main  land.  Tor  all  that 
time,  covered  liy  Die  admiiii^fi-atlonH  of  (Jovernora  C'ooko 
and  (iif!cne,  the  State  of  I!hiKle  Isl.iTid  had  been  :i  shield  to 
Mas;^chn«etts  and  New  Hampshire,  and  in  a  limited  degree, 
to  all  tho  otlier  New  Kuglarid  States.  These  yeaiti  had 
proved  to  Pigot  and  Prc-t-ott  that  the  luniy  could  not  pasj* 
north  over  the  soil  of  Jthode  Island  :  luid  that  having  demided 
the  island  of  ita  forests  und  valuable  orehard.t,  torn  down 
hundreds  of  hounes  and  other  buildings  for  fViel,  desecrated 
bousej^  of  worsjtip,  and  (-nnuuitted  almost  every  conceivable 
depreihition  u|hiu  the  tiihai>itants,  he  would  tind  it  gi'owing 
daily  more  dilHenlt  to  :>ul>siet  the  army.  Besides  all  tliis,  the 
war  m^)^'cnlonts  of  .Sirllfuiy  ("lintfui  r-reated  a  need  of  these 
forces  elsewbL're.  And  so  ncci'ssiiy  led  to  nil  evacuation  of 
New{H>rt  und  of  the  island,  which  took  place  nu  tlio  37th 
day  of  ()c(*iber,  177!i,  to  the  gre«l  delight  of  a  war- 
oppressed  luid  savagely-nlMised  people.  Seven  tbousand 
men,  with  ili^'ir  military  slore^i,  and  about  torty  loyalists, 
who  still  wished  the  Koyat  protection,  were  emI»arUed  on 
board  a  fleet  of  tifly-two  vcssi-ls,  mid  sailed  for  New  York, 
liefoie  leaving,  the  barnu-ks  at  Koil  Athinis  an<l  the  Ilcaver- 
tail  lighthouse  wera  Uimed.  The  losses  sustained  by  tho 
citizens  of  Newijort,  during  its  o«'upation  liy  the  Hrittsh, 
were  estimnted  by  a  commitleo  of  tin-  (renei'al  .\ssembly 
apjniintcd    for   the    puiiiose,    at    £124, THi*    Via   W,   silver 


OUR  FBEN<'H  ALLIES.  ITlfl 

money,  leaving  the  town  to  rosemhle,  as  an  eminent  wi-itcr 
expressed  it,  "an  old  Iiattered  shield,  long  held  np  against 
the  common  enemy.'"* 

The  embarkution  took  place  at  Brenton's  Point,  and  occu- 
pied the  entire  dsiy,  during  wliich  the  inhabitants  were  for- 
bidden, on  pain  of  death,  to  appear  in  the  streets.  The 
bells  of  the  Congregational  meeting-houses  were  carried 
away,  as  Averc  the  town  records.  The  latter  were  subse- 
(juently  recovered  in  a  dilapidated  condition,  the  vessel  on 
board  of  which  they  woi-e  carried  having  been  sunk  at  Hurl- 
Gate. 

Before  the  Kevolution  Newport  could  boast  of  a  commerce 
that  rivaled  New  York.  At  least  two  hundred  vessels 
engaged  in  <lomcstic  and  foreign  trade,  were  numbered  as 
belonging  to  that  poi-t,  bringing  wealth  to  foster  local  pra- 
ductive  in<lustry,  and  to  supply  the  wants  of  a  refined  com- 
munity. For  the  future  the  prospects  were  bright,  and 
nothing  appeared  to  stand  in  the  way  of  constantly  increas- 
ing prosperity.     But  the   war  changed  the  aspect  of   the 

■Tlie  Tultowliig  "  I.Ul  or  tlie  Km-my'it  Anny  iipiin  Ithoile  iKlaiid,  brfore  the  Fte<-t  Mad 
Ttom  tlipncr  ou  Iryilay  'JMi  May,  1771),"  is  niplitl  tVoiii  "lli«  lialFH  l'apori>,"ln  pottcailuu 
of  the  New  York  Ulitorlciil  Society : 


(irmian  ltp|c'l» 


Detflirill,        -           .           .           . 

03A 

I.Hiidfiravpx, 

.vn 

IIhtiuu,            .            .            .            . 

*m 

lillllllUll,     >               .                .                . 

t,ao 

lat  AtiniiAcli,  1 
'Jil    AiiT>|Hich,  * 
1  Kitgllsli  Itpf^tiicnli-, 

i,:t30 

l.'.'MP 

KHniiiii|{'0  1 

&         i  Tory  Iti'ic'tp, 
llriiwirii  I 

wo 

ArtaUTl«t«, 

HW 

bNilM  hi  KIcrt  VStli  Miiy,  irru : 

frith  IlritiHli  IEi>)(lmcnl, a» 

UllllltiruVl-  (ilTIIIUTI,    ..--..--  fiuo 

Fail II I  UK''!  Tory,    ..-----.-        400 
ArtlllerUli", WO 

1.010 
ir  lu  rhei-e  4tulUtIc!i  nrr  milled  liif  Inr^e  iiiiiiiIht  of  lllH-r»t«(1  »l»vi>i  "  mill  audi  of  the 
TurtcH  Willi  llii-ir  cllii'lii  nt  clui*i-  I«  Tulliiw  tlic  wnniii([  furtunei  uf  tlii:  crown,"  the  tulal 
woultl  probably  iiul  vary  luucti  fruiii  ihc  ytali'itivut  lu  Ihc  text. 


i:.fi 


RHOI>R    IHT,AVn    FW   THE    RKVOUmOJ 


town,  and  ihe  ravages  of  Ui«  enemy  oblitorn(*d  the  promise 
of  <he  pttKt.  Shvs  Arnold  :  "  .\pw|M)rt  novel-  rpcoA-erwl  from 
the  cruel  Mow.  More  tl\ni\  half  the  ]xtpiiintion  lind  forsukcn 
tlie  isUnd,  iiml  I  be  commerce  that  o  nee  tilled  (lie  crowded 
whitrves  was  cither  anDihilntcd,  or  hud  .sought  less  haxardouB 
resorts,  never  to  return.  The  Jewi*,  whoso  enterjmjtc  had 
dune  so  tniirh  for  their  adopted  ^ta(e,  liad  nil  left  the  town. 
Aaron  and  Mo8cs  JjOpcz,  who  at  one  time  owned  twonty- 
Boven  square- rifled  vessels,  fieveral  of  which  were  whale 
Hhi[xs,  besides  uinny  fltnnller  craft,  nearly  all  of  which  wore- 
lost  during  the  war,  moved  to  Pi-ovidcncc,  and  afterwards  to 
X-eicestor,  [Mass.]  Moses  Hays,  another  omiucnt  mer- 
chant, had  removed  to  Ronton  shortly  hefiin*  the  war,  and 
waa  followed  by  the  Hivciras  and  othertu  of  Ihe  Hebrew  faith. 
Isaac  Touro,  with  his  two  son.<,  fled  to  Jnmaicn,  when  the 
British  tame  to  Xewport,  and  neither  of  tbem  ever  retvinied 
lo  reiiiide  tliere ;  allhoii<rh  the  numitieenec  of  Ahrahaui,  one 
of  the  sons,  still  keeps  in  repair  the  deserted  temple  of  the 
God  of  Jacob,  and  guards  with  filial  wvercnce  the  cemetery 
iu  wliich  repose  the  ashes  of  Ihfir  fnthei-s.  Aairin  Lopez 
intended  iv  return  after  llie  war,  but  was  dnjwned  [May  28, 
1782,3  in  Scot's  Pond,  near  Providence.  His  son  Joseph 
was  almost  the  only  one  of  all  this  intoreiitin^  and  iadomit^ 
able  race  who  roKuined  busineas  in  the  nearly  ruined  town  of 
Newport." 

Id  antieipatiuii  of  the  evacuation  of  Newtwrt  by  Ihe 
enemy,  and  to  prevent  any  molestation  of  the  inhahitauts 
that  might  follow,  (iovcmor  (irccne,  in  the  name  of  the 
Council  of  AVar,  "forbid,  in  audi  caso,  the  commanders, 
officers  and  mariners  of  all  private  armed  vc&sols  and  boats, 
and  all  othor  private  persons  whataoevor,  to  land  on  the 
islands  nf  Ithode  Island  and  Jamestown,  to  molest  the 
iidmbitflntft,  or  to  take  or  destnjy  their  property,  under  any 
pretence  whatsoever,  upon  the  penalty  of  forfeiting  and 
paying  double  the  value  of  the  property  taken  or  damage 
done/ 


OUIl  FRENCU  AtJ.IBS.  IST 

This  proclanvitioii  drew  from  General  Greene  the  follow- 
ing k'tter  of  comuieiidation.  wliich  altnrds  inmther  plaiaaiil 
illiisfnilion  of  )ii^  s|iiril : 

tiKXKNAU   OKKKXB'H  VIKWB. 

"  I  tvos  gliMl  lo  >er  your  prcirLurnatidii  rorliiililiim  nil  klml  of  |iliiii4lur1iig. 
TliU  Ihio  i)f  coiiilurt  w  ill  do  llji.'  SUitc  urusL  credit.  If  dvlluqiiL'iiti*  ari;  Ui 
In-  punUIictI  Ift  It  be  by  il)ie  course  of  law.  It  Is  Uiiimorous  to  let  lowws 
the  nibble  npoii  the  pcnplc  by  wny  orpiiiilKhrncnt.  NoUiiligUiiOii  more  to 
unliiiitfK  KitvcrnmuTit,  mid  destroy  thp  mnrnU  orsoclcly.  Such  u  hohavcd 
iiTifrleodty,  brlnj;  them  to  o  U'cal  trial.  But  if  I  was  to  ndvlM  fn  ilils  bnsl- 
nc.id.  1  would  rocoinnicnd  niodcnitioii.  t.tt  iicne  fall  a  sacrifice  btit  (tntli 
an  miiy  be  diiDtferou*  lnjix-aft^-r,  or  iir*;  uvcesKury  to  ditur  others  from  ii 
»ittullar  conduct.  I  knuxr  your  iiioilcralloii  niid  hiunaiilty.  aud  iticrcJbro 
tipvak  the  inarc  freely  to  yon  on  this  subject." 

I>uriu«  Ihe  oci-uj)ution  of  XewjKjrt  by  the  British,  tUe  free- 
men of  llie  town  were  depriveil  of  the  privilege  of  u»Heiu- 
bltng  in  town  meetitig  for  the  «,hoife  of  general  officers  and 
of  dcputii^g  to  i-epresenl  them  in  the  Genei^al  Assembly.  uK 
vote  was  jHiHitcd  hy  the  ln(tnr-ii timed  hody  iiiitlinriKlng  tbetu 
to  meet  in  the  Stale  Iloitite  in  Providence  for  tbsit  piirpiise. 
Inimediiitely  iiftor  the  evueimtion,  the  Assembly  restored  the 
original  order  of  the  elective  fmnehise,  as  follows  r 

■'  Wburens  Che  Inliiibltaiitn  at  the  town  of  Xcwport  hnve,  since  the 
>saeitiy  were  in  po»>He99lnii  of  the  lAloiid  of  Rhode  litlnml  (which  is  now 
traeuATcd  by  ihcm)  boon  deprlvetl  of  ttclr  corporal*  powers ;  and  whero 
M,  It  Is  iiece»)uir>'  for  tlitr  well  onlertiiK  aiitl  r.onducUnut  Ihe  pru<leiitlal 
■ffliir!!  of  th«  8.tid  town,  tb&t  a  town  mcfllo^  be  Iield,  and  the  usiuU  town 
offlcerjt  choateri ;  wherefore 

"It  (8  voted  and  resolved,  Uinl  ihv  Uiliabttaiils  of  llie  said  lowu  of  New- 
port meet  In  town  ineetln;*  on  Tuettday,  the  tld  day  of  Novemlicr  next; 
und  that  Ihc-y  be,  mid  arc  hereby,  enipowercrl  to  chooM  n  inodtrntor,  town 
clerk,  and  other  town  ofllcers;  provided  itevcrthek-ss.  Hint  every  |icrson 
within  the  Hald  toAvn,  whu  Ittith  Hiutie<l  the  axsorintlon,  or  tnken  an  nctWe 
part  with  the  enemy,  be  vxctndi;d  fhHu  dcctlni;,  or  bfTng  elcclwl,  la  any 
uOlce  witlilu  the  said  town;  iind  from  votlue  or  aetlnt:  in  ibe  said  town 
meeting;  ind  tlinl  Lhc  siild  town  meeting  exclude  sucli  pcrHuuH.  aceord- 

The  evueimtiou  of  Newitorl  and  tlie  uuliuu  uf  the  Geiiuinl 


15ft  KHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  RKVOLUTION. 

Assembly  in  rcftrcm-e  to  iho  records  of  tliiit  town  !ind  of 
Jliddletown,  carried  iiwny  I)y  the  enemy,  made  it  the  duty 
of  Govenior  Greene  to  address  the  tbllowing  letter  to  Gen- 
eral Washington  on  the  sul»jcct : 

"  Wahwick,  Statk  of  Kiiodk  Island,  &c.,1 
"  November  3,  1779.  ' 

"Sm: — I  most  sincerely  coiijrratulHtc  Your  Excellency  npon  the  ciie- 
my's  having  evacuated  llhodc  Island ;  but  uiii  sorry  to  be  under  the  neces- 
sity of  troubling  you  with  a  resolution  of  the  council  of  war,  of  this 
State,  which  I  take  the  liberty  to  enclose;  by  which  you  will  pleane  to 
observe  the  distressed  situation  the  Inhnbitauts  of  those  towns  must  labor 
under  for  want  of  their  records.  That  I  doubt  not  you  will  take  every 
necessary  measure  that  may  tend  to  convince  General  Ctlntx>n  of  his  error 
In  continuing  to  hold  tlioni,  as  they  certainly  cannot  be  of  any  use  to  the 
enemy,  exclusive  of  the  pleasure  tlicy  enjoy  In  distressing  mankind,  who 
are  wot  to  be  coutrollcd  by  them. 

"  I  am,  with  every  sentiment  of  respect, 
"  Your  Excellency's  most  obedient  and  most  humble  servant, 


"  To  His  Excellency  Gencnil  Washington,  liciuhiuartcrs." 

Imniedijitoly  after  the  evacuation,  the  militia  that  had  been 
employed  to  guard  the  shores  of  the  State  were  dismissed, 
and  the  laws  that  prohibited  the  people  of  the  State  from 
going  upon  the  islands  of  Khode  Island  and  Jamestown, 
holding  coiTOspondence  and  trading  with  the  inhabitants 
thereof,  while  .said  islauds  were  in  po.ssc.ssion  of  the  enemy, 
were  repealed. 


OrR  PREKCn    AM.IE8. 


1A9 


L.-VFAYFTTrs   VnY\fJI-    TO   FRANCE. 

RICK  AT  riSHKUi.-^ISlTED  BY  DK.  TnATCHEB^RECOVER« 
AND  SAILS  FOR  FRANCE,— VIOI.KNT  KTORM.— Ml.'TINT  DE- 
TEtrXED.— AllKlVKS  AT  IlKKST.— i'IUK:KKIlM  'U)  VE11SAILLE8.— 
imiEr  nANISIIMENT.— nECEIVEl*  BY  TItK  KINU.— rr.ANS  1-X>B 
CHIl'I'l.lNIi  UltKAT  HHITAIN.— HON  MOT  OK  MACKEl'AH.— 
ISFLIENCE  WITH  THE  KINi;  AXI>  MINISTERS.- RETCKN8 
TO  AVIKKrCA.— TAKES  A  (.'OMMANK-HIS  OENKUOSITV.— PRE- 
SENTS A  SWOKU  TO  CAITAIS  UOLEH.— SK ETOU  OF  THE 
LATTER. 

^VFAVKTrK  (HI  his  j(niriH\v  Id  lioMou,  where  he  was 
to  embiirk  lor  Fniiu-c.'  wiij*  dptaiiicd  at  Fishkill  sev- 
eml  we«ks  by  a  feviT  nitliiced  by  expoMire  .ind  fatigue  in 
Tttiodo  Icliiiui  and  cl^cwhciH".  The  thrciitoiiiii*;  rbnnu-trr  of 
the  di.sijaso  gmitly  :ili»nno<l\\'«shington,  wliosp  hciubjunrtcrs 
ivei*o  but  a  few  miles  (listiinl.  and  who  by  frcc]iient  visits  and 
other  attontimirt  gave  pntut'  of  hict  por^nal  attiichmuiit. 
The  bojit  niedtcnl  aid  was  alj«)  pi-ovidcj,  smd  the  fever  wa.s 
snlKhictl.  \Vliiie  eoiiv»lesein<:;  be  received  a  vi^it  fi-om  Dr. 
James  Thatcher,  who  doscrilwd  him  iw  a  nirni  "  nearly  six 
feet  bigli,  large  but  uot  eoqinlent.  being  not  more  than 

twenty-one  years  of  aj»e His   forehead  is 

remarknbly  high,  his  nose  lai-ge  and  long,  eyebrows  promi- 
nent and  intijccting  over  a  tine  animated  hazel  eye.  Ilis 
coimtenanic  is  intcrc.*(tinn;  and  impressive.  He  converses  in 
broken  Kiigli^h,  and  di^jday:^  tbu  mainiei>i  and  uddre^ts  of  an 
accomplished  gentleman.  Considering  him  a  French  noble- 
man of  di-stingiii.'^beil  olmracter,  and  a  great  favorite  of  Gen- 
eral Wns-hington,  I  felt  myself  highly  honored  by  this 
iplerview." 


•  Aali',  t>.  !»;. 


RHODE  IBLAKD  Iff 


RBVOLmOH. 


When  MiitBi-ipiitljb'  rw-ovvri'd  Ijifayette  resumed  his  journey 
tu  B<iHluu,  wboro  he  iirrivwl  Dcieuiher  Uth,  uml  pmbarked 
»u  bofUfI  tliiT  friKHlc  .UlimK-«,  comiuiuided  by  C!i|itaiu  Lau- 
ilon.  TLe  It-cIin^h  witli  wbieh  Im  left  America  iiri'  pxprcssiil 
iu  the  toHowiii^  liiiCN  writtoii  hi  \Vu«h)ngt<Mi  at  the  moment 
of  Kuilta^  :  "  Kurowcll,  uiy  dear  Heiieral.  1  ho|jc  your 
Frunoli  frieiuln  will  «vt>r  hu  di-ar  li>  you.  I  Iiujk!  I  ■jhull 
iH>uit  MHi  yuu  Hgaiu.  Hud  lull  yvu  uiywlf  with  what  emotions 
1  now  liMivr  the  liiinl  ytni  inhahll,  iind  with  what  iiffWtion 
lUid  rwiH'cl  I  Mhiill  ever  he  your  sincere  friend." 

Thu  Alliuneu  Miilud  for  ]Livn>,  January  11^  177H.  A 
Ur}{0  porlioti  of  tho  crew  eoudisled  of  ivnugnde  KngUsU 
wulorii,  who  conhpiivd  to  ri^e  ujtou  thi*  otiit-ers  and  passen- 
g«rit,  M>i'£i>  the  vesai-l  itnd  enrry  lier  into  nn  Knijlisii  pori, 
hoping  tbcraby  "not  only  to  till  tlieir  pockets  with  gold. hut 
iv  secure  thu  [turtiou  nf  the  Kin<;,  lUid  the  bulety  of  their 
forlinitod  livcji."  The  plot,  li.twever.  wah  db<-loscd  jnst  on 
thu  ovo  of  its  execution,  and  the  eonspirtitors  were  phtcvd 
in  irocu.  Kxecpt  a  violent  gale  un  the  banks  of  Newfound- 
land, ^%'hiuli  earrie«l  away  the  niiiin-lopuiaat  of  the  frigate, 
nothing  further  of  a  niarki-d  ilianirtiT  (Mcnrreil  on  the 
voyage. 

On  arriving  nt  Brest ,  LufuyutU*  proceeded  at  onee  to  Ver- 
atulleA,  where  he  was  wanuly  wek-omed  f)y  his  wife  and  fam- 
ily, lie  wished  an  iiumediate  in  ten  lew  with  the  King,  but 
M.  Maur«()as,  the  I'rinie  Minister,  infonue«t  him  tliac  before 
hi*  MJtfU  could  t»o  gmuted.  he  mutt  go  fur  a  few  days  into 
banLdiLueul  to  the  l{oi«^-l  i.ie  NoailK's.  In  Paris.  a»  a  [leualty  fur 
lutviug  di»ol>eyeil  His  Majealv  by  leaving  rraiK-e  without 
p«riuisaiou  alter  liaving  Ikwu  foHiiddeu  so  tu  do.  lie  (.lid 
'xo.  It  pittved,  however,  im  rai^y  penunec>  of  eight  days. 
Surrounded  by  Uis  tiuuily.  and  vi»iled  by  mauy  of  hU 
rrieud»,  the  time  |M0ti4Hl  plentiantly.  Tlie  (»uly  auuoyuoce  U* 
hini  WAA  that  he  was  prevente<l  holding  an  early  interview 
with  Dr.  Franklin,  who  lutd  cufrced  to  meet  bim  at  \'ei^> 
jituUes  on  the  looming  ot'  February  I4th«  tu  couununieaU:  ta 


OrR  FREKCH  ALUES. 

liim  some  afl'air^  of  imporlunco.  Lafiiyclt«  infomipd  Frank- 
lin of  the  cause  that  detained  him  in  Paris,  and  the  doaired 
intei-view  was  hnld  in  that  city. 

The  days  of  hanishmpiil  hoing  over,  Lafftyctto  wn^  atbuittod 
to  an  audience  with  the  Kin<r.  Ilia  Majesty  really  liked  the 
young  culprit,  and  all  the  more,  iierhaps.  for  Ihr  youthful 
impetuosity  which  pi-ouiptcd  him  to  groat  social  and  pecuni- 
ary iiacrilices  in  behalf  of  a  cause  with  which  the  King  him- 
ftelf  was  hci-ominginore  and  more  sympathetic  He  received 
Lafayette  gi-aciciusly.  convcrsud  with  him  freely  concerning 
affairs  iu  Amencji,  and  complimented  him  on  his  anccosa  and 
the  distiuction  he  had  achieved.  Thus  c<)rdiality  was  re- 
stored i)eiweuii  monarch  and  sulijcci,  and  I/jifnyette  was 
placed  in  cunuuiiiid  ot"  the  King's  regiment  of  dn»goons. 
Jle  showed  his  zeal  for  the  glory  of  his  sovereign  aud  of 
France  hy  projecting  enterprises  for  crippling  the  power 
of  Great  IJritain.  One  of  these  Mas  to  iissait  the  t«>ast 
of  England  by  naval  and  laud  forc^es,  and  lay  Liverpool, 
Bristol,  and  other  largo  commert^ial  towns  under  heavy  con- 
trihutiuns  for  the  Iienefij  of  American  tinances.  Tliis  enter- 
prise, which  was  fully  Tiialured,  wils  to  have  been  conducted 
by  the  celebnited  .lohn  Paul  Jones,  for  whose  use  Dr.  Frank- 
lin pnrclijisod  the  "lion  Homme  Kichanl,*'  n  ship  of  fifty 
guns,*  and  by  himself,  in  command  of  accompanying  lanil 
troops  ;  but  the  project  was  laid  aside  for  one  on  a  larger 
scale  in  which  Fnineo  and  Sptiin  were  to  luiite,  and  in  which 
Ij:tfayotte  was  to  hold  an  important  command  under  the 
Marshal  de  Vau.\.  In  reference  to  this  command,  he  writes 
to  Washington : 

"  since  I  had  the  honor  of  wrllitig  to  Your  Excellencj  1  Iwv*  ever  htra 
with  Coant  <le  Voux's  army,  which  was  dlvidiMl  tnio  two  corps  nt  St. 
HaIo  aud  Havre,  and  conSlaleil  of  three  thoiisaiirt  men.  Another  Iwdy 
bu  Iweii  aUtlonvd  In  PlMidvrn,  and  twothouMnd  dmgoons  nre  to  ctnharlc 
at  Brest.    The  project  of  Invading  Kn«lffliid  wni.  *t  Bral  r<-t«rdfd  hy  ih« 


•  In  tU*  tUtrprlM.  toniHuMkHre  Joiw  *•»•  to  1i«*b  b»«i  ni|t|N>Tt<ril  by  anallwr  imtge  i« 


ini 


RHODE  ULAKD  Dt  THE  BETOLmOX. 


dlfflcaUy  of  tifcetlBK  »  •■ton  oftlie  Prtiieh  ind  Spuitih  0«eta,M  Keognt 
of  coatruy  wlodf,  bj  BiaranioK  etbru  to  aa  eigasvawat.  tod  bf  Um 
neccwlt;  of  repolriDg  Into  tb«  harbor  of  Brmt.  Ilow  It  wUI  be  poulble 
tQ  carrjr  od  Lite  rxpedlUoo  lo  the  aotuma  U  jet  noi]ct«niiiD«d,  ftDd  It  will 
be  dcUynl  perttft|M  tid  next  aprlng.  The  mlulfttir  teem  tot  anxlons  Tor 
Kthis  tbl»  csmpslcB.  ** 

Anodier  of  hio  projecU  w&e  the  emancipation  of  Iroland, 
wbich,  he  aays,  in  a  letter  to  Wa«hinj!;1on,  "is  «  goo<I  dca\ 
tire<l  of  English  oppreasion.  In  cotilid(.>nce  1  would  tell ^cw. 
(hilt  the  scheme  of  ni_v  hcurt  would  he  to  ninke  it  Uf;  free  and 
independent  a»  Amerim.  God  gnint  lliftt  the  sun  of  ftvodom 
may  ariM>  for  the  hajipinesd  of  mankind.  I  ^hall  know  more 
shout  Ireland  in  a  few  weeks,  and  I  will  immedintcly  inform 
Your  Excellency."  But  his  artlent  u-ishes  were  not  realized. 
At  the  end  of  u  sueeeeding  century,  Irulaud  U  ^till  ii  mem- 
ber of  tb«  ^ti»h  Empire,  sadly  torn  with  intcdtine 
tronhlcK.' 

Stjll  another  of  hU  phms  in  aid  of  the  United  States  was 
to  obtain  from  the  King  of  Sweden  the  loan  to  America  of 
fonr  ships  of  the  line  with  half  their  crewa,  to  Im-  returned 
in  a  year  u|K>n  certain  conditions.  This  wad  suhmitCed  to 
Count  de  VcrgcnneA  in  M»y,  1779,  uitli  the  inquiry,  would 
the  step,  in  hu  opinion,  "  \ie  udvantjigftom  for  us?  "  He  had 
sounded  the  Swedish  nniliu:i.sHdur,  who  upjH'anHl  fuvonthle. 
"The  Swedish  iinihassador,"  he  writea,  "-lays  the  vesseU 
may  l>u  here  in  two  months  and  a  half;  eoo&equently, 
including  the  rest  of  the  fleet,  the  whole  might  lie  on  the 
voyage  in  the  month  of  August,  and  arrive  «t  Kho<lc  Inland, 
Bermuda,  or  Komenhere  eUe  in  .America,  as  .suoa  ah  the 
rooDth  of  fVtolwr,  which  would  lie  in  good  senison."  Again, 
under  date  of  Havre,  l^lh  July,  1771J,  he  writes  to  the  Count : 
"The  .Swedish  ninhu8.-^udor  has  sent  me,  in  the  name  of  Ins 
King,  the    most    Haltering  a^^urance^,   mid  well  suited   to 

•Id  Jbm,  j:7V,Klii«(A-orx*III.wn>ie:  "8feD«MAMMl«a  iMoeed  In  tbit,  |ln4tpcwl. 
nMr.)  Um  WmI  ]«dln>  nia-t  Mluv.  sol  in  tiKlriNwIcDae.  bnl  Atfgeudtmoe  on  America. 
lntwJ  wwiMmmo  folltM,  nndibl)  UImiI  mdaer  Itvir  la  ■  pwr  blMd,  !«<«<<■"— ITiM*- 
l»g$cm't  WHtimf*.  H.,  jt.  SStl. 


OUR   FREXCH  ALLIES.  163 

awaken  my  gratitude  ;  l>ut  the  vessels  are  not  fortli-eoining, 
and  if  we  go  to  America  we  must  go  under  the  Spanish  or 
French  flag."  IIow  much  further  this  plan  was  pursued 
does  not  appear,  but  from  what  subsequently  occurred,  it 
was  probably  dropped  as  less  feasible  than  one  in  which 
France  should  act  alone. 

Though  happy  in  his  friends  and  family,  and  active  in  the 
ser%ice  of  his  King,  Lafayette  did  not  forget  the  needs  of 
the  United  States,  nor  fail  of  employing  his  influence  in 
their  behalf.  The  withdrawal  of  D'Estaing's  fleet  and  four 
thousand  well  disciplined  troops,  at  a  moment  when  much 
had  been  anticipated  from  their  active  participation  in  the 
campaigns  that  succeeded  the  siege  of  Savannah,  could  not 
but  be  felt  as  a  serious  calamit}'.  The  few  vessels  compos- 
ing the  continental  navy,  though  rendering  invaluable  ser- 
vice to  the  American  cause,  were  feeble  to  cope  with  the 
heavy  naval  armaments  of  Great  Britain  that  hovered  along 
the  Atlantic  coast ;  neither  could  the  privateers  that  swarmed 
the  sea  be  expected  to  answer  the  purpose  of  an  effective 
coast  protection.  This  AVashington  undoubtedly  felt,  and 
even  to  his  hopeful  mind  and  eye,  judging  from  the  tone  of 
some  of  his  letters,  the  years  1778  and  1770  had  their  dark 
days, —  days  full  of  perjilexity  arising  from  the  temper  of 
Congress  and  the  oflen  distressed  condition  of  the  army. 
Lafayette,  too,  was  not  slow  in  comprehending  the  situation^ 
and  with  what  success  he  labored  to  supply  the  deficiency 
created  by  D'Estaing's  withdrawal,  the  sequel  will  show. 
He  was  now  a  favorite  with  his  countrymen,  and  his  name 
was  held  in  honor  throughout  France.  No  less  had  he  be- 
come a  favorite  with  the  King  and  with  his  beautiful  Queen, 
Marie  Antoinette.  Indeed,  his  influence  with  the  former 
was  so  great  that  the  old  conservative  Count  de  Maurepas, 
Prime  Minister,  remarked  one  day  at  a  council  meeting :  "  It 
is  fortunate  for  the  King  that  Lafayette  does  not  take  it  into 
his  head  to  atrip  Versailles  of  its  furniture  to  send  to  his 


164 


KHODE  I8IJU?I>  IN  THE  BEVOLUTION. 


dear  Americnns;  as  His  Majesty  would  he  unalile  In  reftittt^ 
il ."  ' 

The  warmth  of  affectiun  for  WnKliington,  and  »  desire  lo 
return  ag»in  to  ihe  Americau  service,  wero  not  abated  by 
absence,  but  rather  dcoiienod  and  strengtheiaMl.  To  liis  old 
commander,  lo  whom  be  looked  up  ns  a  second  father,  he 
w-rote  from  Havre,  October  7,  1771» : 

"  1  r  there  ts  Mtxlhlng  In  France  concemlug  which,  itot  only  as  a  soldier 
but  as  ■  politiciAD,  or  la  any  other  CAiMtclty,  I  etu  employ  my  exertloDS  to 
tbe  Mlvuitage  of  tbe  United  8late«,  I  hope  It  Is  uDiiecessary  to  say,  thnt  1 
«btll  seize  the  oppnrtuolty.  and  blesa  the  fbrtunatc  Itoiir,  which  stmll  ren- 
der ne  oseflil  to  iliose  whom  I  lore  with  all  the  nnlor  and  rrBuktiess  uf 
my  heart-" 

And  again : 

"  Notblnji  could  delight  me  so  much  aa  the  happiness  of  flnUhiiif;  tl>e 
war  oDderyotir  ordem.  Be  c«rtalii,  inydenrOenenU,  that  In  any  caM-,  In 
any  nltoatlon,  whether  I  act  an  a  French  or  an  American  ofllcer,  my  first 
wEsh,  my  flret  pleasure,  will  be  tu  serve  again  with  you.  However  happy 
I  am  In  l-'mnce.  honover  well  trcAt«fl  hy  my  country  and  Klnj;,  I  have 
acquired  soch  a  habit  of  being  trith  you,  and  am  lied  to  yon.  tn  America, 
and  t(i  my  fttlow  aohllcrs,  by  such  nn  alliectloii,  that  the  moment  when  I 
khall  sail  for  your  country,  will  be  one  of  the  happieMt  of  my  life." 

To  the  I*resjdent  of  Congress  he  wrote : 

"The  affairs  of  America  I  «baU  ever  look  upon  a»  my  drst  tmslaess 
while  I  am  In  Enrope.  Any  confidence  from  the  King  and  ministers,  any 
popularity  I  may  hare  with  my  countrymen,  every  meana  in  my  power, 
shatl  be  exerted  In  behalf  of  an  Interest  I  have  so  much  at  heart.  What  I 
hate  hitherto  done  or  said  relating  to  America.  I  think  ocedle«4  to  men- 
tion, as  Diy  ardent  acal  Is,  I  hope,  well  known  to  Congrvsp In 

case  Coofnas  believe  my  Influence  may  In  any  way  sene  them,  I  wish 
they  would  direct  snch  orders  to  me,  that  I  can  the  nvorc  certainly  and 
property  employ  the  knowledge  I  have  of  thbi  Court  and  country  for 
obtaining  a  aucccaa  Id  which  my  heart  Is  so  deeply  interested." 


It  was  in  the  spirit  indicated  by  these  extracts  that  Lafa- 
yette Ulwrcd  witJi  the  Kin<|^  and  his  ministers  in  beiinlf  of 
th«  United  States,  and  il  was  his  happinc^,  witliiu  the  year 


OUB  FRENCH   ALLIES. 


165 


he  spent  iti  Fnince,  to  set;  annngetueutti  uiiuit!,  with  the* 
sanction  of  the  Kin>r,  for  sending  a  second  time  naviil  and 
militflry  aid  to  the  United  ytates,  to  co-operate  with  the 
Americun  troops.  The  sliijis  of  war  and  the  transports  were 
to  be  under  the  commiind  of  the  Admiral  Chevalier  do  Ter- 
nay,  and  tUu  land  forces  were  to  be  commfltidcd  by  Lieu- 
tenant-General Count  de  Rochuniltcnn. 

It  was  l»y  nij  means  easy  to  bring  about  tins  result,  and  a 
less  ardent  and  dotermined  Hdrorntr  of  the  interests  »{  the 
t'nit4?d  States  tlian  Lafayette  might  have  pvcn  up  in  despair. 
But  his  roiira','1'  was  indomitable,  tnu\  hv  was  not  to  be  put 
down  by  any  (thstnclc  thrown  in  liis  wny.  Ho  know  his 
ground.  Ilis  familiarity  with  the  salient  points  of  the 
enemy;  his  oloar  j)erccj)tion  of  what  would  ensure  success, 
and  therefiuc  glory,  to  the  French  arms;  his  ability  to 
answer  any  qtieiition^,  of  a  military  or  [mliticnl  nature  ;  bis 
knowledge  of  the  character  of  Congress,  and  of  the  views  of 
Washington,  all  tpialttieil  Iiim  to  plead  in  Iwhalf  if  :i  peo- 
ple strivinj;  to  throw  oH"  n  burdensome  yoke.  His  letter 
addressed  to  the  Count  de  Vergenncs,  Minister  of  foreign 
ad'airs,  dated  at  Havre.  July  10,  1779.  explaining  the  state 
of  afluirs  in  America,  and  the  uses  which  might  bo  made  of 
the  succor  be  80uj,dil,  with  cutire  certainty  of  success,  was  a 
paper  rcniiirkable  alike  for  ita  clearness  ami  vigor  of  expres- 
sion. As  an  exposition  to  the  Kronch  Minister,  it  could 
hare  been  excelled,  if  at  all.  only  by  AVashiagtou  himself. 
It  evidently  made  a  strung  and  favorable  impression  upon 
the  cautions  statesman.  In  the  npemtinns  of  the  proposed 
expedition,  Lafayette  designalod  N'eM*|><irt^  supposing  it  to 
'be  still  in  the  bands  uf  the  British,  ns  one  of  bis  objective 
poiota.  As  a  local  support  in  an  attack  upon  that  town  by  the 
French,  there  were  some  continenlnl  trooj)?  at  I'rovidonce 
who  might  reach  Bristol  in  a  day.  There  were  militia  at 
Tiverton,  who  might  also  be  mustered.  There  were  troops 
at  Greenwich  and  at  Slude's  Ferry,  that  could  be  made  avail- 
able.    Two  frigates  should  occupy  the  eastern  channel,  and 


Km 


itimnie  iskanp  oc  tiir  nKVOMrnoK. 


(ii|iH>  llttt  iiiliUIln  iiitfi  n  tlilnp  of  trifling  tUnger.  The  res- 
wU  (iittiitl  llii<n>  kUiidIiI  tiu  ili'slrnvcil.  Conunictit  Uland 
«h(i|ilil  \h>  Moiiird  niul  nuilo  ii  Iniut  randozvons.  Tlic  frigalcs 
(»r  Vi'MiiiU  tuHn'i'WH-.v  to  |in»lrct  llio  liuidiiiji;,  t-itlier  real  or  prc- 
tvitiltntt  itf  Uiu  .Vuii<r)i'lin«i  nlioiili)  mu'hor  in  those  uliamiels. 
Tht^  tviivtuv  ^toiilil  llt<>n  U>  oMip'J  oilhor  to  dis]>orsc  uinong 
\\w  IUHx,  niul  lltoivliv  to  \vi'Hkt>u  his  lines,  vt  v\se  to  leave 
Ihv  H\>M  «!««  lo  (he  Afucrii-Hnst  who,  hy  a  diversion  upon 
(tw*  tttH'4,  wvuM  l«»»w  hiw  tu  k«H"]>  them  fully  manned,  and 
|tfwi*nl  him  t^nn  ntUmdin^  tu  thfir  re«r. 

Npw|y»rt,  IjifnYWlo  t\»rtbor  ^«x|tUin8,  "h  stroi^y  forti- 
lh«tt  »h  thr  Mvlv>  tumnnbi  tbv  laihl.  btil  all  Ike  sltorc  that  Um 
tt^htmt  lh«>  loMn  t\IIV>rs  jbih^  f^ih'tu-^  fi^r  lapding.  It  ts, 
twM\lv>>,  U^y  c\tV'U5i\'v  to  admit  of  bclna;  defimded  by  b«t- 
t«fiva^  TWfv  the  FR«cb  Inaops  ni^t  rasiW  dbcmbuk, 
awt  tv<aM,4ti^)e  M  %i%yhtv^  th^  beigfat^,  whkli  cntwawd  tke^ 
l\«<«H  mm!  ibr  r«rwyV  Uimv.  mi^irt  Mm  tbur  ovtmcks  smJ 
ftlvvrm  «U  tvf^iiw'  iWw,  |«vtMri<M.  if  m-cccseu^t,  bjr  the  fin  of 
iW  «i^^  TW  e«M^v  w«lt«<«d  aiNi  coalitmatid  hv  ihcw 
Mm  ^Nwfta  0*  Iwkli  aU«s  oT  tfa  Mted.  vimU  nivMc  Ikdt 
^  ^UfJ^m  ^  ^  f*it^  vtm  «t»  111  i>|f»y>ti|,  1W  kiliv 
Aib)-  MMMMnftVXv  affwars,  tkr  mmv  taatfiAnt  w  mi«t  W  «l'ilt 

afvk..    tMwJ<wd|y8^irhBpft..li—  lylAnnnsti  imwlii^iirf 

JhMOTWiatb.  t  iB^gto  g'&p^ffr  my!«y  *»  gnto  giaMMurinji  <f  <br 

-:.  U^  ftillei  to  <iAt  Ihtt  tMttft  4bfe  «iifl<if  1ft*  jmr 
I  •;th  lb  iwft  dto^iniL.  <•»  vomofwib  aftm^K- ««&.  IwB 

kc^'tk-umu  '1/  Hat  biaqteJii^lAft  vandtaniillkoifiSnmift  tfliia 


OUR  PBKNCH  ALLIES. 


167 


Vergonnes,  shall  he  published,  it  will  ap|>cai'  thnt  it  was 
mainly  the  personal  efforts  imd  personal  influence  of  Lafit- 
yette,  idol  of  tbo  Froiidi  people,  a*  ho  bad  made  himself, 
which  ransed  the  nrmy  of"  Rochanihonii  to  he  sent  to  Amer- 
ica,"*—  ft  wonderful  triumph  for  the  yonng  iiohleman  over 
whose  bead  no  more  than  tweuty-two  years  had  pa;»sed. 

Having  acpompliahei]  the  purposes  for  which  he  visited 
Fmnco,  Lafayette,  undei-  inslrnctions  fi"om  the  French  gov- 
ernment, hiuttened  back  to  America  to  coiniuuntcutc  to  Con- 
gioss  and  to  Washington  "  the  secret  that  the  King,  willing 
to  give  the  L'uited  Stales  a  new  proof  of  bis  affection  and  of 
hiK  interest  in  their  Hccnrit}',  is  restilvod  l4>  svnd  to  their  aid 
at  the  opening  of  spring,  six  vesaels  of  the  tine  and  six  thou> 
8arid  regular  troops  of  infantry,"  the  convoy  having  ordeiT* 
"to  land  the  troops  in  Khodo  Island,  where  they  may  ho  at 
hand  to  join  "Washington's  army,  if  he  shall  think  it  nece»- 
Hftry." 

Lafayette,  eager  to  fulfil  Uh  mission,  took  hi:^  audience  of 
leave  of  the  King,  wearing  the  uniform  of  an  American  otB- 
cor,  thereby  indicating  tn  His  Majesty  an  unabated  devotion 
to  the  cause  of  Freedom  in  a  far-away  land.  On  the  19th 
of  Mai*ch.  ITHU,  be  sailed  from  the  island  of  Aix,  in  the 
French  frigate  Ilermioue.  of  thirty-six  guns,  conmiauded  by 
Captain  de  Latouche,  and  arrived  in  Boston  April  *2Sth  fol- 
lowing, lie  landed  at  Hancock's  wharf,  and  was  received 
with  the  utmost  enthusiasm.  A  civic  pmccssion  was  formed. 
whicli  escorted  him  with  loud  acclamations  to  the  residence 
of  Governor  Hancock,  where  the  congratulations  of  the  citi- 
zens awaited  him.  Alter  this,  he  paid  bi^  re:-iM>cts  to  the 
legislature,  tjjen  in  session.  In  the  evening,  there  were  gen- 
enil  rejoicings.  The  next  day,  the  Marfjuis,  accompanied 
by  Captain  do  latouche  and  by  other  oHicei-s,  paid  a  visit  to 
(ieneral  Heath,  and  wiw  hospitably  recoived. 

Snbse^juently  the  Chevalier  entertained  on  board  bis  vcs- 


•Sfntk*. 


16S 


RKOPE  18r.ANn  IN  THK  BEVOLTTTION. 


Ml  the  rresident  of  ibo  Massaclmsetts  Council,  the  Speaker 
and  several  oilier  gentlemen  of  lio^h  Houses  of  Assembly, 
General  Heath  and  suite,  the  Consul  of  France,  the  Conti- 
nental Navy  Ik)urd,  toijetliGr  with  a.  number  of  other  public 
offiecrs  and  principal  gentlemen  and  merchants  of  the  town. 
The  frigate  was  decked  with  the  flags  of  different  nations, 
the  Freneli  and  American  flags  being  displayed  in  concert, 
as  expressive  of  tlie  mutual  friendship  of  the  two  nationa. 
"Nothing,"  says  a  IJofiltiti  paper,  ''conhl  surpaf>»  \hv  appear- 
ance of  one  of  tliu  (iiiest  Irigatus  in  the  world."  At.  the 
dinner  thirteen  toasts  were  drunk,  each  followed  by  a  mili- 
tary salute.  That  drunk  to  Wiushington  received  seventeen 
guns,  "the  number,"  adds  the  paper,  "given  to  a  ^[a^•shal  of 
France."  When  the  eoiii|>any  took  its  leave,  the  yards 
were  manned,  and  the  barges  conveying  the  company  to  the 
shore  were  saluted  with  thirteen  gima,* 

The  Marquifi  immediately  wrote  to  tlie  Count  do  Ver- 
ge nnes  : 

"  I  do  not  kuow*  wtiuUiLT  Ibv  rcccpUmi  which  I  havp  tuut  nlcb  since  roy 
ari-lvnl,  and  the  liinuniGrJihlc  nnrk;*  of  ktndnc«:j  witb  wliicli  thfl  American 
pop!*  linve  condescended  to  load  mc.  have  scrrcd  to  Increase  my  cnlbu- 
slasm  i  but  1  tcU  yon  tlit  cxaut  truth  whi^ii  I  itKHurr  you.  that  I  Imvc  been 
must  Liijftily  Kmli'l'^d  witb  llir  piihlic  Htrntirnent  in  ruynrtl  to  all  thi'  cir- 
cuiiistancL'S  of  tbt>  Frpncb  alliaDce;  a  Tiict  which  may  he  Interesting  to 
you.  Tbe  Bitllsli  aie  iimjri^otl.  It  ts  wkld.  of  Lbc  n^tproncb  of  a  Frencli 
equadron  of  iroopB.  I  know  not  what  la  IhuUKJit  of  It;  lint  everybody 
nfrrecfl,  that  four  slilps  of  the  line  nnd  three  thousand  men  wonld  produce 
an  Immense  effect  at  this  motncnL  I  am  on  the  road  to  hcadquartcra.and 
ho[>c  hefore  twelve  days  to  lie  with  ticneml  Wtwhin^ton  in  New  Jersey." 

The  day  before  landing  at  Boston,  tlR\  Abirqiiis  wi*ote  a 
letter  to  Washington,  to  be  sent  off  without  debiy.  This 
was  received  by  the  General  at  WoiTistown.  Muy  7th.  He 
immediately  replied  as  follows  : 


■TlkL-  laaii\ut»  riroTidMl  by  the  GenenLl  ro«rt  Iw  l^afaycltc  wliflc  Unking  In  U<wiaa 
wrrv  OD  5(at«  ilnvt. 


OUR  FRENCtr  AJJ.IES. 


169 


"TO  Tim  MA«4Jiria  DK  LirAYKTTlt. 

■'  MoHHis-rowN,  8th  Miy,  1780. 

"My  Drab  ^[AlcqrlN  ;— Vour  wcIcoiim;  bror  or  Uie  S'tli  uf  April  amie 
to  my  tiitti(]»  yusUfrday.  1  rwclvt'd  It  wllh  all  the  joy  Itnt  the  sioccrcvt 
nivnUirhlp  couUI  rlicuu',  niii]  witli  thut  In>|>iiiloiK-u  wlitch  a.n  anlenl  tleilre 
to  see  you  coiiUl  not  fuiJ  to  Inspire.  I  am  sorry  I  do  tiot  know  your  routa 
throii|:h  the  StAt«  of  Nevr  Vork,  thut  I  nil^lit  with  certainly  send  ii  small 
party  nr  Unr^a  (nil  1  hnvc  a1  lliid  pliice)  to  meet  And  escort  you  wifely 
llti'ough  tliif  Tory  jtelllcmi-MitM  between  tbLn  place  au<1  llic  Norlli  rifcr.  At 
a]]  i-veiiU  .Miijur  fJlbljK  will  go  as  fiir  hb  I'uiuptoii,  whero  the  rouds  unite, 
to  Biievt  yuu,  und  will  proceed  froni  tlicnco  ns  circumstances  may  dlrcet, 
Rlthnr  towanis  Kln^s  Ferry  or  New  Windsor.  I  most  sincerely  cotifnit- 
iiliite  yoii  on  your  safe  nrrlral  lii  Amoricfl,  and  shall  cmhmce  yon  with  all 
the  warmtli  of  an  aflctctioiuit^  D-lcnd.  wlien  ynti  con>e  to  liPad(|iinrt«ni, 
whert  n  bed  is  prepanxl  for  you.     Adieu,  lilt  we  meet,  yours," 

Wuahingtoii  wroto.  Jilso,  to  the  Cheviilior  do  In  Liizemc, 
successor  of  >f.  GentrJ : 

_  "Yon  will  parttclpiite  In  the  Joy  I  ftel  nt  the  arrival  of  the  Marqula  du 
Lafiiyette.  No  *;»  uiit  could  Imvc  n!vcii  me  greater  pleasure  oh  n  pervonnl 
account,  and  motiveji  of  puldlc  utility  conspire  tu  mnHo  U  aKreenblc.  He 
will  flliortly  liAvc  the  honor  to  wait  npon  Voiir  Kxcelleticy,  and  tnipnrt 
inatterH  of  the  grcntfsl  inomeiit  li>  tlic*e  Slater.  He  announces  a  fresh 
and  striking  Iiislnuc-o  of  the  fHcndxhip  of  your  cotirt,  which  cnnnnt  fall  to 
rontriliiile  greatly  to  perpetuate  the  gratitude  of  thb  countrj-.'* 

To  tho  Pi-esidcnt  of  Congfoss  he  wrote  : 

"The  Marquid  de  I^niyctte  will  have  the  honor  to  delirerto  yon  this 
letter.  I  am  pvrNuatltrd  Congrriut  will  participate  In  the  Joy  I  Itel  at  the 
return  of  a  gentleman  who  has  so  signally  dintinj^ultilicd  himself  In  th« 

«cnrlce  of  thh  country DiirlnR  tlw  time  h«  hiu  been  In 

Frnuec,  he  hiis  nnlfoniily  tnanl^■sted  the  Mine  zeal  In  our  alTalr^,  which 
ftulmatcd  his  conduct  n-hlle  he  was  among  us;  aud  bo  hJis  bcc^n  upon  nil 
occasions  an  essential  frioiid  to  America.  He  merlU,  and  I  <Iou)il  not  Ton- 
gns»  will  gIvK  him.  evory  mark  of  conaidcration  In  their  power." 


M.  <\e  la  Liwemo,  a  Colonel  in  the  Frcn<:h  sen-ioe,  atmc  to 
this  country  in  the  suuic  ship  with  tho  American  Minit<ter, 
JohiiAcluind,furwhoni  he  n)>[>eurs  lo  h:i\'c  foiiitod  iihi^h  opin- 
ion fti*  a  man  of  leitniing,  a  ^'Otxl  citizou,  an<l  "  one  of  the  most 


OtJB    KUKm:il   ALLIEH. 


171 


"I  have  had  great  pleasure  In  the  visit  which  the  Chovallor  licit  Ltis«rn« 
Mitl  MoDRlRor  Marbob  did  m«  Uic  liouor  to  iiiakc  at  tlils  camp;  concern- 
ing both  of  whom  I  have  ittihlbcd  the  mont  IHvoraMc  impressions,  and  I 
Ibank  jou  for  the  honorahle  nivnlloii  you  matle  of  me  to  them.  The 
t'hcvallor,  till  ho  had  anuoiincpd  blmsclf  lo  CotiKrpw.dld  not  oliowie  to  be 
received  In  hltt  public  character.  If  he  hnil,  except  |>ayluK  him  military 
honors.  It  vtaa  iiul  luy  liiioiitloti  to  ilcpurt  fVoin  Itiiil  plain  and  simple  niftn- 
uer  of  living,  which  orcortls  with  the  real  Interest  and  policy  of  mtn 
Btrn^urllng  under  every  diniculcy  for  the  Attainment  of  the  most  lnc-ntlma- 
bte  blvaaiiij;  of  life.  lilnTty.  Tlic  Oticvaller  was  polit«  cnouj^h  to  spprow 
mjr principle, nnd  coniWHci-iKlnd  lu  iip|ieitr)iliMiii«d  with  i>iir  Spartan  livln;;. 
In  a  word,  he  made  un  all  i-xcevdlDgly  linppy  by  his  atCibilUy  and  good 
humor  wbUe  be  remained  In  camp." 

M.  do  la  Ltwerne  sn'iseciuenlly  learned  from  tho  Count  de 
Vergenncs  that  lio  might  with  propriety  have  accepted  the 
honors  propofted  to  Im>  conferrcii  upon  him,  liocaiiso,  nmoiij^ 
ulher  reasons.  Mu^snchiisetts  \\m  itself  a  t^uvercif^tk  State, 
and  the  exercise  and  representation  of  its  sovereignty  were 
not  deposited  in  the  hands  of  Congress.  He  was  introduced 
to  Congress,  then  sitting  in  Philadelphia,  by  Messrs.  Math- 
ews and  Morris,  and  presented  his  eivdentials  from  tho 
King.  In  his  address,  he  said:  "I  felicitate  myself  tipou 
l>etng  iyent  to  a  niition  M'hose  iiitereslj*  are  so  intimately 
blended  "with  our  own,  that  I  can  he  nsef^il  to  neither 
t'rance  nor  the  Ameiiean  Kepnhlic,  without  rendering 
myself  agreeable  Itoth  to  the  one  and  to  tho  other.""  To 
this  address  the  President  of  Congress  made  a  suitable 
reply. 

Anxious  to  deliver  the  iiifonniilion  of  wliieh  ho  was 
bearer,  Lafayette  hnn-iod  on  to  the  lieadt|iiiirters  of  Wash- 
ingtoHi  at  which  he  arrived  May  lOlh.     The  teudemeus  of 


■Abiw  t**Mrik to  l.itnTrnf.  wa*  bom  In  I'url*  In  17(1.  He  first  Piitrrrd  ihearrrtTand 
««•  Mga|«d  tB  li»  Strvn  Yrarii  War,  duriag  Hliirh  lir  nliialnrd  iho  rank  of  folaiwl.  tlu 
ancmwda  tumMl  hi*  ■llpntlon  lo  (Itpioiuaej,  and  tircamt  dlMlDKirt'linl  ai  an  aiiUianaailw 
toTarlosa  Couiti  In  KurvpF.  Hii  uHlclal  rt'lalloii*  njlli  llir  t*iillr<1  Slnlc*  KOTrmmcnl 
wcra  af  nnir  r'ori' dujallou,  and  by  Uia  frkndly  ivrvkv*  ht<  xalaad  t)M  atmnx ap^mtbaUoD 
at  CoairrcMi,  anit  Uir  irann  r<  Kard  of  Waililnicloii.  In  I7*'l  llanard  t'nivmity  Mnftrt^ 
npan  hlia  the  d*fr*a  of  l.l^  li.  lu  i'tO  he  rrlumnl  lo  Fraiia-,  and  oaa  lout  amtiainwlor 
ttt  LoadMi,  wlHira  tir<U«I  ^«ptll^lbc^  il.  ITVi. 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  KEVOLUTION. 

thi8  meeting  tan  eiisily  Iio  iinaginod.  Four  clays  of  nmliial 
oiijoyniont  piissed,  when  the  Miirfjuis  prrvtreedcd  to  Pliiladol- 
phia,  where  he  conferred  \yilh  M.  dv  la  Luzerno,  iind  [mid 
his  rcspo<?ts  to  (.'ongroKs.  Ills  arrival  was  hailed  with  "rreat 
satiafjiction.  Congress  passed  n  i-esolulion  d*^clartng;  his 
retiani  to  AnitTiea  to  rt'sunn;  hi?*  ronuiiand  "a  fiTsh  pmnf  of 
tlio  disintvre.sted  zetd  and  persevering  attaehrnoiit  wliirh  have 
justly  recommended  him  to  the  public  contidencc  and 
applause,  mid  tlint  they  rfl<;civR  with  pleasure  ii  tender  of  the 
further  services  of  so  galhint  and  mei-itorious  an  officer." 

He  was  soon  invested  with  the  command  of  about  two 
Ihousimd  men,  c^onMituting  the  vanguard  of  the  army,  an(L 
was  again  engaged  in  aelive  sen'ice. 

The  Miin|uis  was  generous  to  his  men,  and  took  a  special 
interest  in  their  neat  appearance  on  parades.  Before  return- 
ing to  America  he  procured  with  liis  private  funds  a  large 
supply  of  hats,  shoes,  swords  and  clothing,  which  wei-c  gra^ 
tuitouely  diHtrihnted  to  his  ofKuei-s  and  men.  Tout*  were 
also  purchased  and  added  to  the  means  of  comfort.  "This 
corps  was  distinguished  through  the  romriinder  of  the  war 
by  the  re d-and -black  pUunes  which  their  cummaudLT  bad 
purehased  in  France,  and  l>y  being  bettor  ami  mora  uni- 
formly clothed  than  any  other, —  a  distinction  which  waa 
also  duo  to  the  same  disinterested  niunitieeueo."  * 

One  day  on  pimule,  while  reviewing  a  regiment,  tlio  Miir- 
<3ui8  noticed  that  an  officer  carried  a  broken  sword.  On 
inquiring  why  this  was  dntio,  he  it^eeived  the  answer,  "  Be- 
cause I  am  not  able  to  pundiase  a  new  one."  The  Marquis 
via  touched  by  the  reply,  and  loosing  from  his  Irelt  bis  own 
sword,  presented  It  to  the  destitute  otHcer,  who  received  it 
with  manifestations  of  warm  gratitude.  The  recipient  of 
this  unexpected  favor  was  hicntcnant  Thomas  Coles,  of 
Providence. 

Lieutenant  Coles  was  the  shn  of  an  English  ofHt«r,  ftnd 


•  Cuitxr. 


OUB   PRKNCH   ALLIES. 


173 


WM  Ijuni  Deconiber  £),  1753.  At  tliQ  date  uf  bis  hirtli  bis 
fiithur  was  niiitiunei)  in  Ireland.  Wlien  twelve  yvnn  of  age 
ho  left  his  home  in  Kngland,  and  as  u 
siiilor  on  Inmnl  n  merchant  vessol,  canio 
to  this  country.  After  some  yours  he 
entered  the  ariuy,  serving  to  the  end  of 
the  Kcvohition.  Soptember  2!(,  T77'.l, 
he  WHS  rnniniissioned  an  Knsign  in  tht- 
fourth  MutiaauhiiHetts  re^menl*  and  at  a 
later  period  was  coinmisKiiined  Iiy  Gov- 
ernor Uancoek  a  Lieutenant  in  the  MaH- 
sauhusetts  line.  In  1779  be  was  C.'nptain 
of  the  lhii*d  eompany  in  the  first  battal- 
ion of  Khode  Islnnd  forces  commandod 
by  Colonel  Christopher  <irccne.  Ac- 
uording  to  Di-ake,  he  became  an  Aid- 
de-Camp    to     Gcncnd     Lafayette,    and  ■  w  s^h 

towards  the  close  of  the  war  he  hel<l  a  Ifl^H     -^ 

similar  position  in  the  military  family  of 
Gunend  Patterson,  with  the  rank  of 
Major,  receiving  his  commiseion  from 
Genenil  Washington.  It  is  aUo  sai<l 
that  he  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Yorktown.  He  ultimately  held  the  com- 
mitision  of  Colonel  in  the  lihode  Island 
militia.  After  the  close  of  the  war  ho 
for  aonio  years  sailed  as  Captain  of  a 
vessel  Iteloiifriiig  to  the  house  of  Clarke 
and  Nightingsile,  of  Providence. 

April  27, 1806»  Colonel  Coles  received 
notice  from  the  Honorable  Albert  Galla- 
tin, Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  that  him- 
aelff  M'illiam  Latham,  and  Jonattian 
Price,  wero  appointed  roniniissioners  to 
survey  tho  efHiat  of  North  CaroliuH.  between  Ciipe  Hutteras 
and  Capo  Foar.     In  a  letter  to  his  friend  Kichard  JarkMjn, 


174 


AHOUE  ISLAI 


Jr.,  Esq.,  of  Providence,  K,  I.,  Colonel  t^Ics  siiys:  "The 
Imsinesrt  of  the  survey  of  this  coast  has  boon  attended  with 
many  iier{)1cxing  circumst-nncBS,  a  great  deal  of  risk,  and  no 
small  proportion  of  vexations.  However,  it  is  now  coro- 
plelud,  and  in  Ibis  country  ;:;ivcs  universal  satisfuction ; 
indeed,  it  is  the  host  stincy  of  Ihc  kind  ever  made  in  Amer- 
ica, by  oixler  of  the  government. " 

Jime  27,  1808,  Colonel  Colos  received  from  (Jovcmor 
James  Fennor  a  rommis.sion  as  Commissary-Cicncrnl  of  the 
State  of  Khode  Island.  He  wius  one  of  tlie  original  uieui- 
bera  of  the  Rhode  Islnnd  Society  of  the  Cincinnati,  and  for 
many  yoars  was  its  faithful  Treasurer.  His  tippointmcnt, 
upon  parchment  dated  .lanufiry,  1784,  signed  by  Henry 
KooK,  t?ecrctrtry,  and  George  AVashiuj^on,  President,  des- 
ignates him  as  "Thomas  Coles,  Esq.,  a  Captain  in  tho  lato 
imny  of  the  ITniied  Stiiles."  From  ISOJt  to  18211  he  was 
Collector  of  the  port  of  Providence,  from  which  office  be 
was  removed  I>y  Presideul  .lackson. 

Colonel  Coles  was  mnrried  to  Sally  AVallccr,  daughter  of 
Ephntim  Walker,  of  I'mvidence,  R.  I.,  hy  the  Kev.  Joseph 
Snow,  Fehniarj''  21,  1779.  Ills  home  w»3  in  a  house  long- 
since  removed,  which  stood  on  the  comer  of  Westminster 
and  Snow  sti^ots,  next  onst  of  the  present  "  Ilojjpin  Home- 
stead Building."  lie  died  Ootolier  13,  1844,  lamented  and 
honored  hy  the  entire  community.  (.'ontempor;u'iet>  who 
still  survive  descrihe  him  as  a  gentleman  of  the  old  school, 
of  commamling  presence  and  elef;ant  manners.  Three  por- 
traits of  ('olonel  Coles,  [Miinted  at  dilfercnt  {)crio<ls  of  life, 
are  extant.  One  of  these,  painted  by  Young,  i-i  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  Khude  Island  Historical  Society. 

The  sword  previously  mentioned,  so  unexpectedly  pi*6- 


NOTK.— The fnurth  MnKMuliuatlu  rritinirnl  of  foot  In  llm  ranElnrnlnl  »rmy.  In  irltkli 
UimUaBlit  Cnlr*  •itm'cI,  na*  mrnmutdi'i]  hj  CnlotirJ  Wllllnni  Sliriuml.  Illc  nuniinbdoa 
OT  UmtmADl  IoIm,  •IsnMl  by  Governor  John  Hnncock,  nnel  counlcriljtnnl  bf  Jvtidi 
Anrj,  Beetv*«r7,  wm  ilntnl  at  iki#loii>  FcbruRrx  ^i  l^'- 


OUR  KBENCII  ALLIES. 


175 


nented  In  Liciitoiiiint  CoIob  by  Iiib  iio)>Ic  coin ninix lor,  of 
which  tlio  engmving  shoim  on  pngo  173  is  an  exact  copy,  is 
still  preHLTvuii  in  tlio  possession  of  Frederick  Street  Hoj>- 
pin,  Kin\.,  of  Providence,  the  eldest  son  of  tlio  Honontble 
AVilliaro  W.  Iloppin,  Ex-Governor  of  lUiode  Ti^land.  It 
came  to  him  as  a  Iiequcst  from  C'olunol  Coles,  in  thcso 
words  :  "  I  jjive  to  Frederick  Street  IIo])pin,  son  of  Willinm 
^\'.  Hoppiu,  and  hiit  heirs,  my  faithful  sword  'Ljifayette.'" 
It  h  cherished  ns  an  invnluablo  souvenir  of  "tho  times  that 
tried  nion'.s  souls,"  and  of  a  ropre.scntativf  patriot  of  Ameri- 
ca's French  Allies. 

Tho  sword  is  of  nipier  form.  The  grip  and  guard  aro 
of  silver  -,  the  sword  knot  U  of  heavy  gold  bullton ;  and  the 
bia«le  18  handsomely  cirnanieiitcd  in  btite  and  gold.  The 
spontaneity  of  the  gitl,  and  the  circumstances  under  which 
it  WHS  made,  awakened  in  the  heart  of  the  rcc-ipieal  a  senti- 
ment of  uHcction  for  tho  giver,  that  slrenglhene*!  with 
incrc!i--iiig  years  until  the  close  of  life.  When  the  new.'*  of 
the  death  of  Lafayette  reached  the  United  States,  (."oloncl 
Coles  draped  the  swonl  with  black  crape,  us  an  expression 
of  deep  grief  for  tho  loss  of  a  very  dear  and  tenderly 
remembered  friend.  It  remained  thus  deconited  until  after 
the  Colonel's  decease.  When  the  centennial  representatives 
of  France  —  the  guests  of  the  Nation  —  visited  Providence, 
November  1,  1881,  great  enthusiasm  was  excited  among 
them  by  an  in*j»cction  of  the  sword  and  by  a  relation  of  its 
romantic  history.  This  examination  took  place  at  the  Nar- 
rngansett  Hotel,  where  the  dislingui-theil  party  was  intro- 
duced to  Kx-Goveruor  lloppiri  and  the  "faithful  Jjafayotte" 
by  Colonel  William  Goddard.  After  a  careful  and  eager 
'examination  of  the  venerable  relic  of  ono  dear  alike  to 
France  and  America,  one  of  the  French  delug:itiun  most 
deeply  interested  handed  to  the  Ex-Govcmor  his  card,  with 
a  pencil  note,  the  whole  i-eadiug  "  FiuNCOis  De  Corcelle, 
Ui^dacteur  ati  Di^partement  dea  Affaires   Etrangcros,  great- 


T76 


HHODE  IBLAMD  IK  THE  REVOLUTION. 


grandson  of  GcDcml  Liitityctte."  This  curd  will  bave  an 
botiored  pliu-e  with  the  honored  swoinJ." 

Another  incident,  no  lo8«i  toucliin^  than  the  foregoing, 
occurred  nt  Koxbnry,  Maas.,  in  1K^4,  whilst  tlio  .Mnrquii^,  as 
the  giioflt  of  the  Nation,  vns  innking  .1  tour  of  Ihc  United 
Stute8,  of  which  tour  more  will  hereuftcr  be  siiid.  While 
awiiiting  at  the  house  of  Govenior  Willitini  Kuti>ti$,  Iiis  old 
friend  and  conipitniou  in  urme,  the  con]]>Ietion  of  aixangc- 
ments  for  a  formal  entrance  into  Iio»ton,  an  aitl-de-cauip 
brought  into  the  chamber  and  introduced  to  him  »  young 
man,  who  carried  a  sword  in  his  hand,  winch  he  handed  to 
the  General.  "Do  you  know  tliat  sword?"  said  he.  "I 
see,"  replied  the  (ienoral,  "  (hat  it  resembles  those  I 
brought  from  France,  to  ami  the  snbHltems  of  my  light 
infantry.*'  "  It  is  in  fact  one  of  them,"  said  the  young  man  ; 
"my  father  received  it  from  your  hands.  He  used  it  glori- 
ously for  the  contjuejit  of  our  Indci>endciicc ;  he  cjireftilly 
preserved  it  in  memory  of  his  General,  and  he  would  have 
rejoiced  to  present  it  to  you  himself.  Day  before  yesteniay 
he  still  hoped  to  do  it,  and  this  hope  comforter!  his  last 
momenta,  but  on  that  day  hu  died.  He  wiu<  poor,  and  left 
me  no  wealth ;  but  ho  has  loft  me  this  sword,  which  will  bo 
the  most  prf-cious  poasegaloD.  if  you  sanction  the  gift  he  has 
nuide  me."  While  he  spoke,  the  General  liad  takcli  the 
sword  fi'om  his  h.inds,  .and  examined  it  with  interest.  He 
retuiiicd  it  to  him  saying:  "Take  it,  keep  it  carefully,  that 
It  may  serve  in  your  hands  to  prei^erve  the  rights,  to  the 
acquisition  of  which  it  so  valiantly  contributed  in  the 
hands  of  your  father."  The  young  man  received  the  sword 
with  ti-an»{>ort,  and  departed  pronouncing  with  tenderness 
the  names  of  his  father  and  lAfayotte.f 

Still  another  Kevolutionary  souvenir  of  the  Maniuis  may 
properly  be  mentioned  here.     Onc*e  when  passing  through 


•  Itr  the  tUU  at  Itw  TnnA  OOtfUkm  to  rrorfchww,  a 
1 1  jilBfvtto  !■  AnMvkm,  I..  IE.  31. 


rxtrMiltd  nriOee  wtU  Im 


OUR  FBKNCH  ALLIES, 


177 


Kbodn  Isliiiid,  he  stojtpoU  for  eiitertiiiumunl  ul  (lie  Uvcrn  in 
Cranston,  then  kept  hy  Sir.  John  Fiske,  for  whom  Fiske- 
villo  in  niniieJ,  IIk?  huiisL'  siiUrulitiJi^  on  the  ctftatc  now  owned 
hy  the  heirs  of  Mr.  Uenrj*  Lawton.  Ik'rc  be  met  n  tlmnu- 
ing  girl,  Miss  iJoUy  Knight,  who  ullorwurd  married  Colo- 
net  Ilciiry  Whitman.  So  delighted  viaa  the  ^tartjuis  with 
Rohy,  that  he  presented  to  her  a  bcaiitit'iil  liict^jiuuvd,  paintctl 
hox,  which  she  prized  above  gold,  and  of  which  she  ever 
iMiHstcd  M'ith  a  h>ving  piide.  This  souvenir  is  now  the 
eheri.^hod  pmperty  of  lier  grand-thiughter,  Iljittie  W.  Und- 
lorig,  of  Utittonwootls,  Warwitk,  H.  I.,  and  will  Iw  saerudly 
guarded  in  the  fnlurc  as  it  has  liecn  in  the  pa«t." 

The  two  following  instances  illustnitc  the  readiness  of  the 
Manpiis  to  draw  n]i()n  his  private  fortune  whenever  hy  so 
doing  the  aiTOy  or  the  govenmient  could  he  henetited. 
When,  in  1778,  he  decided  to  accept  the  command  of  an  exjic- 
ditinn  ugain.st  Canada,  ^aid  to  hare  been  planned  at  the  insti- 
galion  of  Genend  G»te»,  for  the  purjwise  uf  jtepwrating  tlic 
Marquis  fitim  Washinglon.  he  resolved  lo  supply  the  wants 
of  his  army  hy  drawing  prirate  bills  on  France  to  the  amount 
of  live  ur  six  thousand  guineas,  and  to  present  that  sum  to 
Congress  ns  a  proof  of  liis  love  for  America,  and  the  rights 
nf  hnman  nature.  Tnsuflicieut  means,  and  other  causes,  led 
to  the  iilMindonnient  of  the  expedition.  In  April,  1781,  he 
Iwrrowed  £2,0ft0  of  merchants  in  Raltimore,  with  which  he 
purchased  shiils,  linen,  overalls,  ^hoes  and  hats  for  his 
men, —  making  himself  i-esimiisible  for  the  loan  at  the  risk 
of  disposing  of  his  estate  in  Fnmce  to  meet  the  obligiition. 

As  the  year  177!'  closed,  a  heavy  shadow  rested  upon  the 
prospects  of  the  country.  The  anlTcringa  of  the  army  were 
sudi  that  nothing  hut  the  most  devoted  patriotism  could 
have  held  it  together.  "The  situation  of  ouranny  Ht  this 
lime,"  write.-)  M'a.shington  to  Governor  Livingston,  Decem- 
Iwr  21,  "cumpui*ed  with  that  of  the  enemy,  makes  tt  tiecvs- 


•Pro*lilrit«>l«lly  Joiinwl.No>TilBtMr>;  IM. 


S8 


RHODE  IBLAKD  IN  THE  REVOLUTTON. 

snry  wu  slumU!  I»e  very  much  upon  our  gniard.  Tbey  Liivo 
more  than  douMe  om-  force  collccteil,  and  wc  are  moiilder- 
iug  away  daily.  TUcy  havu  beeu  Kowetiiue  ])a*it  making  a 
allow  of  cnilwirkation  ;  but  wlietber  it  is  eiiioere,  or  a  moiv 
feint  to  lull  us  into  security,  is  not  easy  to  tell ;  but  if  they 
ix'ally  design  to  make  lai^e  di!tacbin«nts,  tlit-y  musl  be  re- 
stniini'd  by  their  uncertainty  of  the  motions  of  tho  French 
squadroD  ;  and  if  this  or  any  other  obstruction  should  con- 
tinue, 8ir  Henry  Clinton  may  think  himself  Iwund  to 
improve  the  inten-al  in  an  ort'enslvc  operation  ajjaJnat  this 
army.     He  cunnol  jimlify  rumaiuiii^  inuetive  with  a  furcu  so 

superior,  and  so  many  temptations  to  action 

Ho  is  not  ignorant  of  the  gnialliic-ss  of  our  nmnlnn'a,  uiid  the 
distress  of  our  magazines.  He  knows  we  have  boon  obliged, 
for  want  of  forage,  to  send  the  horses  of  the  amiy  to  a  dis- 
tance for  it.  He  cannot  be  in»eni^ible  of  the  evils  he  would 
bring  tipon  us  by  dislodging  us  from  our  winter  quarters. 
The  loss  of  our  huts  at  this  inclement  season  would  be  a 
most  serious  calamity.  This  loss  would  Jn  alt  probability 
be  accompanied  by  that  of  a  great  part  of  our  baggage,  and 
a,  nnuilMjr  of  our  men  by  desertions.  It  is  diUienlt  to  deter- 
mine the  extent  of  the  evils,  if  at  so  cntical  a  jnnctnrc  we 
should  experience  a  failure  of  provisions,  which  we  bliouUl 
have  every  reason  to  tipprcliend." 

The  failure  of  Count  D'Kstaing  in  the  attempt  on  Savan- 
nah, and  the  lateness  of  the  season,  convinced  Washington 
that  his  hope  of  co-operation  between  the  fleet  and  the  army 
in  any  artivc  openitlons  must,  for  the  present,  be  siispendod, 
if  not  wholly  abandimed,  and  tiU  that  rcniainod  to  be  done 
was  to  select  suitable  localities  in  which  to  quarter  the 
troops  for  tlio  winter.  "I  am  now*  using  my  best  endeav- 
ors," he  writes,  "  to  set  tilings  in  tniin  for  puttijig  the  army 
in  rjuartcrs.  The  distribution  of  eloUiing,  owing  to  its  late 
anival,  the  sciuitiiiess  of  the  sl^K-k,  the  divei-sity  in  color 


*NOT«inbOT9l. 


Om  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


179 


and  qiiulity,  its  not  hnving  lieon  proiwrly  assorted  when 
packed,  iiw]  tUe  alMoiivc  of  clothiers  uiiOor  various  jireteneea 
for  getting  nrlirlos  that  would  I»o  rU'ficieiil,  hiivo  iirovcd  n 
soiirwi  of  the  most  irksome  deby  and  difficulty."  In  dc- 
scnhing  his  own  situation  at  Murristowii,  Junimry  22.  1780, 
he  says  :  "  I  have  hecn  at  my  present  heiidr|unrlcrs  sinto  tho 
first  day  of  December,  and  have  not  a  kitchen  to  cook  a 
dinner  in,  allhough  the  logs  liave  been  put  togothcr  some 
considemhjc  time  hy  my  own  g^iuird.  Nor  is  there  a  place 
nt  this  moment  in  whicti  a  servant  can  Irxliri!.  uilli  the  sniall- 
c.Ht  de;n*c  of  comfort.  Ktghteen  lielonging  (o  my  family, 
and  all  Mrs.  Foifl's  are  cntwdcil  ttigclher  in  her  kitchen, 
and  8farc:e  one  of  them  able  to  speuk  for  the  colds  they  havo 
caught."  The  army  at  headquarters,  with  respect  to  provis- 
ions, ivas  in  more  extrcmo  distro^^s  tlian  had  hoen  experi- 
enced at  any  former  period.  "  For  a  fort,night  past,"  Wash- 
ington wmte  to  the  MagistrHtes  of  Keiv  Jersey,  from  whom 
he  canieatly  solicited  relief,  "the  lri>ups,  ImjIIi  otDcera  and 
men,  have  heen  almost  perishing  for  want.  They  have  been 
alternately  without  hreail  tn'racat  the  whole  timo,  with  a  very 
scanty  allowance  of  either,  and  fn.»(|iicntly  destitute  of  both. 
They  have  borne  their  sull'erings  with  a  patience  that  merits 
the  approbation  and  ought  tu  excite  the  sympathy  of  their 
countrymen.  Hut  they  arc  now  reduced  to  an  extremity  no 
hmgtir  to  bo  supported.  Their  distress  has  in  some  instimccs 
prompted  tho  men  to  commit  depredations  on  tlie  ])rnperty 
of  the  inbAhitant^i-nhicb  at  any  other  period  would  be  pun- 
ished with  exemplary  severity,  but  which  can  now  Iks  only 
lamented,  as  tlie  effect  of  an  unfortunate  necessity." 

A  similar  destitution  was  felt  in  Ubodc  Islntid,  both  hy 
soldiei-s  and  cili7x;ns,  though  to  an  extent  less  extreme.  A 
depreciated  currency,  alrejidy  noticed,  the  scarcity  of  specie^ 
and  the  consequent  high  cost  of  living,  threatening  u  famine 
in  the  State,  bore  heavily  upon  tlio  laboring  classes.  While 
the  inhabitants  of  Xew|)oi-t,  Middletowu  and  Puilsmouth 
were  suffering  from  the  intensely  cold  winter  of  1771)— HO, 


PART    V. 


OUTLOOK  OF  THE  ITTITIE. 

WILL  THE  BRITISH  RETDRN  TO  VEWPORT?- FRENCH  AID 
COMISG.-TIIE  SECRET  REVEALED  TO  TIIE  ENfSLISH.- EX- 
PEDltlON  A0A1>'&T  CAXADA  ABANDOXED.- PHILADELPHIA 
EVACirATED.— WARIII.VCiTOX'S  yEKLINlJH.  — AN  AIIVISORV 
COMMI'n'EE  AI'I'OINTEI).  — NOT[CKS  OK  GENERAL  fiCIIUV- 
LER  AND  DR.  NATHANIEL  PKAROny.  — CONDITIOH  OF  THE 
AllMY.-PRKl'ARATtON  TO  KECEIVK  THB  FRENCH  ALLIES^ 
CKULSE  OK  THE    HKKMIOSK.— HOSPITALS    PROVJDED. 


v\  LTIIOUGII  by  the  evnoiiation  of  Newport  (ho  British 
^Z.^  appoarcci  to  have  nhandoncd  jill  interest  in  it  as  a  mil- 
iUiry  and  naval  statiun,  neither  Gates  nor  Washington  folt 
f|iiit«  RUffi,  that  with  the  control  of  Long  Island  Sound,  thoy 
might  not  suddeuly  appear  and  attempt  to  rt>po88e*9  them- 
selves (}(  the  tnwii  and  island  as  a  strntogio  point,  from 
whicli  the  oodJit  and  interior  of  the  Stato  ^^ouKl  be  constantly 
harassed.  Were  this  to  be  done,  it  would  become  necos- 
aary  lo  keep  a  considerable  body  of  continental  troops  in 
lihodo  Island,  ready  to  check  or  repel  any  hostile  movement 
of  the  enemy,  in  order  Ut  enable  tho  farmers,  of  which  the 
militia  were  lai-gcly  composed,  to  attend  to  tho  cultivation  of 
their  cropa,  so  essential  to  answer  the  pressing  waiita  of  tho 
camp,  and  of  tho  horaca  of  the  State.     This,  too,  would 


u« 


^e 


b  m 


HJiiBtt  taumtm  Ufa*  K^^KAOmm 


iip- 


m  far  y  wfw ■■!.  lliMlfi,  »i  Owiiii     Ik 

JuHcnnm  <flr  "Mhi  mi  wtaiSn  Vip  'o^himBmihs  V^V'  Ihpb 
WHBr-  4br  w*i«|i;  in  nmmn  vVk  k,  md  ^hr  Wfw  ||i«an  tn 
<lMr  OnttM&nft  -irf"  Miiii^  Trcouii  Irm^  apwoiia  Htmrtmaa- 

WMUM  <tfr4b»  tdWUufN  WHi.'wnKiv.VBl  wmwHateTiiv- 
A-idpd  t#i  bt  wiat  ivUb  tfaf-  imtfiB,  aonnnr  hi  fwiMft|r  itn  tiiat 
-«dUMlr>  n»  ftu-  uliimiiti*  aM^aio^  /if  <lw  ■T'"^"'r'*  Me*- 
■MMk  iuMr«i  liMUt  takiui  to  Ailfadl  4ii»  jw^gadL    8t  is  iboppil 

wKli  Uu-  tmnp»,  wbom  700  i«rfin>  dmiiipfiiiiii^  Ui  wndhig 
tl>  nar."     The  mtoU^iUMv  lien}  otlad  Amiid  te  IV9- to 

li.  M  ibrot^fli  RKinrToHc!|Mi}ier. 

Hnwovni-  pripubiT  the  idiM  of  tbr  H)tu|UtMl.  of  Ouuuin 
ini;'lit  huvf  hiwu).  nr  u>  wiiitl<^vnr  inrtfint  it  mifltt  havr  (won 
iMitt'rttiinnil  l.»y  lh»-  rronoli  pm-nnimMit,  the  i^xpfHlltiniie  of 
Aniold  iinii  TlltmL^ctmor}'  intii  tlwt  r-ftuiitrii  in  ITTn  tmd 
ipniTMl  ttMt  the  uitHnrtakitig  «rwf  ntK  aii  ett^y  oiw,  and  tl»l 

llw    I  '  i'>r   ni  the   tiutivc   |wi|MilntJnn   nnd   tkn 

III  til-  '  ml  tw- ]tlnrnil  iipmi  Ihr  Imliiuw  Mr- ullic^. 

Would  rendar  n  «c>[-und  HttAinpt,  ovsti  witii  naml  co-op»m- 


OUR   FRENCH   AI.L1F». 


183 


tioii,  u  prul)lL>Di.  At  all  events,  for  siiflicicfut  itMsoiiii,  ibe 
|)lan  of  ooii(|iiedt  war*  iilMUidoned.* 

I'orewanied,  Sir  Ileiiry  Clinton,  with  the  design  of  eon- 
ceiitmtiii^  his  farires  liefore  the  iirriviil  of  the  Froncli,  cviic- 
imted  Piiihidclpliia,  nnd  thitt  city  was  rcstoreil  to  AmerifHii 
rule.  Then  fulluwcd  the  huttlc  of  Montiioiith,  att  the  close 
of  a  second  period  in  the  «'ar  for  Independence.  In  sur- 
veying the  past,  Washington  wrote  from  AVhite  Thiins  :  **U 
is  not  a  little  pleusixig,  nor  less  wonderful  to  conteniphitc, 
that  al\er  two  yeaiM  of  niiino'iivcring,  and  under^^iug  tho 
strangest  vicissitudes  lluit  perhaps  ever  attended  any  one 
contest  ainitc  the  ercalion,  hoth  armies  lire  lirought  luiek  lo 
tlie  Torj'  point  they  set  out  from,  and  that  the  otTending 
party  al  the  lio;j;iniiiiig  is  now  reduced  to  the  use  of  the 
Hpiiih-  and  tliu  pickaxe  for  defence.  The  hand  of  l'rr>vi<lenee 
has  heen  so  conspicuous  in  all  this,  that  he  need  Ije  worse 
than  an  inttdel  (hat  laek^  Inilli,  and  more  liiuii  wirked  t!iat 
hiLs  not  gratitude  enough  to  acknowledge  his  obligations." 

The  expediency'  of  preparing  a  plan  of  operations  in  ccn- 
jun(!tion  with  the  Fi-cnch  allies  without  waiting  to  cnnsidt 
with  Rochambeau  and  De  Tcmay,  was  objected  to  by  Wash- 
ington, who  pmbably  chose  to  await  their  coming  to  ensure 
entire  harmony  of  feeling  and  action.  "Gencnd  WiL-jhing- 
ton,"  wrote  M.  dc  la  Luzerne  to  the  French  Ministry, 
"whose  circunisfHsetion  increases  in  projmrtion  to  the  confi- 
dence reposed  in  him  by  C-ongrcss,  would  not  take  upon 
himself  the  respont^ibility  of  arranging  a  plan  of  cnmhincd 
o[icmtiona.  After  having  assured  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette 
that  lie  wuidd  apply  himiself  with  all  poco^ihle  activity  to 
hiu^ten  forwanl  rocniil^  and  to  collect  proviuiuns,  he  desired 
him  to  proceed  immediately  to  Philadelphia,  and  to  con- 
cxrrt  further  nioasiires  with  the  French  Minister,  particularly 
as  to  the  cKpcdloncy  of  acquainting  Congress  with  the  secret 
of  the  expeclod  arrival  of  the  French  troops," — a  secret  no 


longer. 


•AiiU,pp.  m.  lex. 


OUR   FRENCir   ALLIES. 


185 


iDgtou  thnt  (JcDcral  ^chii^'ler,  Mr.  Mathews,  and  Mr.  James 
Dtmne  should  be  mcmbct^.  Of  the  6rst  named  he  said, 
"  no  man  can  be  mora  useful."  In  a  pmctical  point  of  view 
the  plan  was  a  good  one,  and  displityed  the  wise  forecast  of 
its  author.  A  committee  of  three,  near  at  hand  for  consul- 
tation, would  ensure  a  prompt  and  barmoniouti  dctsision, 
M'hich  his  experience  hud  taught  him  could  not  ahvnys  be 
expected  from  Cou-^Tces.  The  committee  was  appointed, 
and  consisted  of  General  Philip  Schuyler,*  J.  W.  Atathcwa, 
aod  Nathaniel  Pcnbody.f 

CONDITION   OF   TUE   AHMY. 

So  far  as  the  nimy  was  coneerned ,  the  year  1 780  opened 
very  much  as  the  [ireeetling  year  Lad  closed, —  dreary,  yet 
not  hopeless.  Its  condition  ia  described  in  a  circular  letter, 
a  copy  of  which  was  sent  to  the  several  States,  from  Now 
IIampii»hrre  to  Viipnia,  inclusive,  the  object  being  to  ensure 
the  adoption  of  measures  in  each  Stale  that  would  promptly 
secure  men  and  necessary  supplies  for  tlie  army.  One  of 
the  early  ni^ts  of  the  congressional  advisory  committee,  in 
camp  with  "Wasliin^on  at  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  was 
to  address  a  long  letter  ou  the  subject  to  the  Governor 


*Cipnenil  nini|>Scliujl«r  wa»  bum  in  Albany,  N.  T.,  NoraiibprS,  iru,  miiIiIU-O  tti«« 
NmcnibcT  Is,  1M>I.  Ili^  cArlr'ntrriMDirinllllftrflKc.  WM  ■  i  «ptilci  at  Cort  Uward,  in 
ITU,  bihI  a  SluJur.Oriirru]  ta  17T&.  N*'  vai  [ilnci-il  In  coinnmnd  of  Ihc  iiortlicra  nrui;  Cm 
the  l»v«.*liin  at  '.'annila,  but  OD  •cmanl  of  ill-)ivnli1i  gni-c  pl>c«  to  firiirrnl  MaDlgoiucrjt. 
lie  e»mnw<lp4  ttn-  urmr  ibM  «m  clioa  up  to  ijcovral  (lKt>-*  ai  SaiMORii;  uid  tlw  pJaB  «f 
lb*CMnp«lgnB|tain>l  lliir)[0]rni>ir«<*ald  U>  tiBv*  bt*a  for  mm)  bf  him.  lis  linlil  lib  mil  I- 
tmrMiiBil»l«nuitiil  ITnMrben  Im  realirn**).  *im1  aft*nrard*  bKViiit  n  mttnbcT  of  Ibo 
CaHlbmlal  f 'on|rn».  Hi-  ithk  turfn  rin^nl  I'liltal  Statn  S^istur,  bmldM  Ixilillng  athrr 
iHponaM  chll  oflioM.  Ilv  WM  ■  dettitcd  palrtvU  attd  *>-M  lil^liljr  MteroMd  bj  Wiuhliiit. 
tM.— ShAm  H/i«  and  Tim*t.  by  iriVMlny. 

t  >f»th«ulv]  r*abodr  KM  bom  In  Tu|mAcIiI,  »■».,  Monlt  1.  17*1.  Ilr  slutlicd  mrdlclM 
Wllh  hb  AMhtr,  niKl  wllleil  m*  ■  phyilvSMi  In  PUtdoiir,  N.  II.,  and  iru  oiiv  mf  1h»  faunJvrm 
of  Hm  Neir  llainpililn  )lc4icA]  SoelMr.  H«  vm  apiiolitlrj  A<Uuiaat-Of<iHval  of  ihr  Sf*ta 
MillltU.  and  In  llul  citucH;  tRrrcil  rindcr  UcnrnU  W1ii|i|it»  In  <jt-iK-r«l  SuUliBn**  coiapulgii 
Ml  KhiKlif  Iilaail,  for  trvvra)  y^tr*  Itr  wmt  iiwioT-Ovatni  of  t\»  nilllila.  Ilv  wm  m  ri*l»- 
KBlr  In  tl>■^  I'cullkcbliii  CoDfii«H.  Spraki-r  of  the  K«it  lIoBtiptliln-  n(iu*i>  of  Hi|ililWli*l 
titei.  BOil  llllol  nioHf  a>li««  miioRalblc  oAliwi.  ]l(i  olodogjrBr*  in-rv  alMtrfow**]  by  liwo. 
elkl  cBibiwniKininiU.    Ua  dlrd  m  bxrior,  N.  a.,  ,t«iw  'K,  ItOX 

n 


■  \ir:^:  r.-  ii:.  .,i-    :-t-:...    li^t.^^   '•f-TT-    z-zz.  z:t    t  -."■■xTair 

"  ^L'  t        ;■""      ~-"a      '  J'  .1'  :■;■     IV  tT"*lT'       tT^-  AS.    ^ri.ldC     O* 

^  ""1  a'.'."       T ..-    ..    ■  "?—•,";         :■  ■'"■  !'  •'■     r'.*ii-    lUi     rta-  rv-?.    n:    ai^    f    moh'- 

J--     a:' v.-": ., ,- .•      ■        ^.i:-      .1:  ■"■     T*a-'       'T,z.     '.'■       .■.imiLT^kC"*  ■  SiJl'.:'     X"^'-    JIT" 

»srii-Mi,- -  ■    ■:_    :>  ■  -     :-:-i.     r^--,      ■i':>ss-.;i;^    is     r~'>c>    ~'it   a."     i 

uj.'      L3i    ■•  ■     :      .     :■■■     yri— .■■  ■.■!.     .   ~ii:      i     Tn^    •■' ..    T~^  u:su-:'    r"^ 

in      I      '."TiiE  "•^     I'lTv--  1 —  ■       :i,,>*T-.'><ji:-      r<'jf*-.~"    Bft-    ■":- 

.— ^•-.     -.-,  •.■..■■:..■•-.    •     *;it:        ;-,-.        »       ■-..■.■■—   ----.-r:-    likiuabu. 

.■;:    T    -  ■  ■     .;  -.>,*;■•  —.'  ■  .r-i-i.MT-»i.:-    n    t.-:- 

.-.      .It..  --■   :-»^.-  ......  ;-.       ;.       -?i|T-i-  , —i. •■■!;.    ■-■■:    Tl 

r     :.     ,..  ..,-T-'  ■■      ■  ■■'-.-. .-    -B-     -■  ■■     .-. —  --       utu. 

'".■■L     :;■    — :■  "^  -  ■■■■"      --    "      i '."st--       t        h,t      •.■.t^iivthIii' 

i  ■::.-.■  -■-;:•-   ■       «       ■     T-->,    r  -     -KC-.i,r*.     .'•%•.:>•   uii. 


V  -V.     •■     *■   ■  i-v     -. 


OUR  FBKNCH  ALLIB8. 


187 


clU,  ftuii  rendered  subaervlcnl  to  th«  Interaeta  of  ttieAe  Smcm.  This  gen- 
erosity on  the  part  ofonr  lllnfltrlniin  nlly,  Ntr<>nglj  poiiite  oiit  ihc  ncrnwliy 
or  tAkiiig  every  prceauUou  in  our  power,  that  his  views  maj  aul  be  fras- 
li'uted,  nor  his  «rms  dlsjtracnl.  Indeed,  wv  xliuiild  b«  Ivti  w)lli4mt  the 
shadow  or  an  cxcutto,  Mhuuldwo  tbrougb  lDalt«ntlou  or  indecision  n7gl«cC 
to  nrall  ourselves  of  the  odvanta^ies  to  whicb  fuuli  a  cupitnl  succor  \s 
capable  of  b^Ing  linproveil.  W'c  stiould  df|p-ude  our  cliarHrter,  disgrace 
our  arms,  and  evince  tn  nit  the  world  that  we  vren  either  di^ltctitu  of 
,  resoaroei,  wanted  exertion  to  draw  them  forth,  or  wl»dom  u>  apply  IheiB ; 
•IXI  elllwr  would  tend  to  dlncrcdll  our  cause,  and  stamp  Uic»e  States  vritb 
tndeUbl«  p«lua  of  tufiLRiy." 


It  was  the  decided  opiiiioii  of  AViisbington  that  on  the 
arrival  of  the  French  fleet  the  first  object  ought  to  be  the 
reduction  of  J<ew  York,  and  ho  requested  Lnfayetle  to  write 
to  0>unt  de  Rochambeau  and  Admiral  De  Tcrnny  "rging 
Ihein  to  proceed,  both  fleet  and  ai-my,  with  all  possible 
exi>cdition  to  Sandy  Hook,  where  they  would  be  met  with 
further  ndvices  of  the  precise  siliiation,  atrenglh  and  dispo- 
sition of  the  cnnmy,  and  of  the  American  army,  and  with 
pmposals  for  their  future  movenirnts.  Hut,  unccilain  as  to 
what  ]>art  of  the  American  ooattt  the  lleet  might  tirst  make, 
AVashin^un  cauHed  persons  to  be  stationed  at  dilTcrent 
point:;,  to  give  the  coming  Allies  signals,  and  to  make  to 
them  aomc  necessary  communications.  For  the  same  pur- 
pose he  sent  Major  (ialvan  to  (lape  Henry,  and  wrote  to 
Governor  Jefferson,  of  Virginia,  retpiesting  him  to  supply 
the  Major  with  the  necessary  number  of  lioatjtwilh  wbteh  to 
go  ofl'  ujwn  the  ap]wamnce  of  the  fleet.  As  it  apiM^ared, 
however,  that  in  accordance  with  the  instniclion«>  given  to 
I^afayette  by  the  Count  de  Vergeuncs,  KewjKirt  was*,  fur  a 
time  at  least,  to  be  made  the  base  of  o^ierations,  nothing 
remained  for  the  ('ommander-in-(-'hief  hut  to  exert  himself 
in  securing  for  the  allies  satiafaetory  accommodations. 

Between  the  time  that  Lafayette  leil  Boi^ton  for  the  head- 
quarters of  Washington  ami  Congress,  and  the  nirival  of  the 
French  fleet  at  Newport,  M.  De  la  Tauchc  was  actively 
employed  in  cruising  along  the  Atlantic  (xmst  in  search  of 
the  enemy. 


188 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  RKVOI.tTTlON. 


Oil  tlio  141h  of  May,  the  Hcrmiono  sailed  from  Boston  on 
B  cruise  to  tho  eastwanl.  She  mndo  a  visit  to  Penol)scot, 
and  took  a  near  view  of  the  British  fort  at  Bflggaducc.  The 
Njnttiliis  and  the  Alhaiiy,  under  the  conimuml  of  A[owall, 
who  hurnt  FHlniouth,  were  «t  anchor  without  the  fort,  Imt 
upon  the  approach  of  tlie  Ilenuioiie  immediately  retired 
liGhind  it.  The  llcrmione  lirst  appeiired  under  Itiitish  col- 
ors, which  the  enemy  did  not  choose  to  trust,  and  aftenriirds 
lired  a  gun  of  defiance,  which  he  did  not  dare  to  accept. 
M.  De  In  Toucho  lay  at  anchor  until  ho  took  a  plan  of  the 
enemy's  post,  and  returned  to  Boston  on  the  21st.  On  the 
7th  of  June,  during  another  cruise,  the  Herniiono  fell  in 
with  and  gave  hattle  to  the  British  frigntc  Iris,  of  32  gima, 
comuiauded  by  Captain  James  Hawker,  and  after  an  eugAj^ 
ment  of  more  than  one  hour,  the  latter  drew  off  very  much 
ilamagod  in  her  rigging  and  sails,  and  most  of  her  studding- 
t^ail  bonms  and  gear  shot  away.  In  this  acliou  the  Uer- 
mione  had  ten  men  killed  and  thirty-seven  wouiuied.  Amonp^ 
the  latter  wei-e  M,  Do  la  Tuuche  and  two  of  his  ofljcers. 
One  of  these,  M.  VelertKilB,  First  Lieulenant,  died  at  New- 
port, July  17th,  and  his  remains  were  intended  there  on  ihc 
18th.  Of  the  crew  of  the  Iris,  seven  were  reported  killed 
and  nine  wounded.  Lieutenant  Bourne,  of  Ihc  marines,  was 
numbered  with  the  latter.  One  of  the  wounded  j>ulis<'<iiiently 
died.  A  report  of  this  action,  made  by  Captain  Hawker, 
claiming  an  advantage  gained  over  the  Ilermionc,  and  inti- 
mating that  her  commander  ingloriously  withdrew  from  the 
contest,  drew  from  II.  l>e  la  Toucho  a  spirited  reply,  in  which 
this  passage  occurs  :  "  If  you  lost  fewer  men  than  I  did,  and 
your  i<hip  was  Ic^s  damaged,  what  reason  had  you  not  to 
continue  the  action?  Ynu  saw  the  miserable  condition  of 
my  rigging,  and  the  impossil)ility  of  my  maua-uvering  and 
of  steering  any  other  coursti  than  licfnro  the  wind,  whilst 
your  situation  put  it  in  j'onr  power  to  t.ike  the  advantage  of 
the  wind,  for  the  puipose  of  retreating.  You  are  either 
deficient  in  LnitU  in  not  acknowledging  your  loss,  or  else 


OUR  FRKNCII  ALLIES. 


189 


you  wanted  spirit  in  declining  the  combat,  when  your  loss 
was  so  trifling,  and  considering  the  advantage  you  had  over 
me  from  the  good  success  of  your  shot."  To  this  letter 
Cuptiiin  llawkcr  sent  a  reply,  reaffirming  the  correctness  of 
his  report,  and  there  the  discuission  ended.  Tlie  truth  was 
that  both  vessels  were  severely  dauiHgcd,  hot  the  Iris  the 
most.*     Correctly,  it  was,  suUstantially,  a  drawn  l<ntthv 

In  dune,  the  lleimionc  ciipLured  and  sent  inlcj  Dnrlniowlh 
a  brig  l>ound  from  Ireland  to  Now  York,  laden  with  butter, 
^«Ottp,  candles,  etc.     This  prize  was  subsequently  brought 
into  Providence. 

WAKTB  ANTICIPATED. 

Colonel  Ethis  DcCom}',  a  French  Commissary,  who  came 
as  ft  passenger  in  the  Ileroiione  with  Lafayette,  left  Phila- 
delphia and  proceeded  to  Providence,  bearing  letters  of 
introduction  from  the  Honorable  Samuel  llimlingtcm,  Presi- 
dent of  Congress,  and  from  General  Washington  to  Gov- 
ernor Williaui  Greene,  recommending  him  to  favorable 
notice.  The  object  of  M.  DeComy  at  this  time  wm, 
thraugh  "the  needful  aid  and  advice"  of  the  Governor,  to 
provide  a  hospital  and  procure  supplies  in  nnticipatinn  of 
the  arrival  of  the  Fi-oncb  AlUes.  With  a  similar  Inteut, 
AV'nshiiiglon,  anxious  to  meet  their  expecljitions,  sent  for- 
ward Doctor  James  Craik,  a  rogidar  army  surgeon,  with  a 
letter  of  introduction  to  Governor  Greene,  "to  take  up 
proper  houses  for  hospitals,  and  to  make  some  previous 
arrangemcDls  in  that  department."  The  letter  was  as  fol- 
lows : 

'*HiuDOiUMTens,  Morri&town,  May  35,  1780. 

**Buii— Doctor  Crilk.  Asaiaiatii  Dln-'CtorGcncnil  or  tlie  hospltalu  Id 
oar  Krmjr,  will  bnve  the  honor  of  delivering  tbia  letter  to  Yoar  Kxcel- 
lency. 

■This  gpiitlciii!i<i  conivs  to  PruvidcDco  to  provide  tiospltals  uDd  such 
rvA'mliiix-titii  tM   uiuy  bt!  nHtiLet]  lu   Llie  Ant  InHtoiicu  Tur  Lbv  nick,  wblcl) 


•i'niitl<fc>*n  UajiFiir,  Julj'  9,  i;w,    BlvlafKNi'*  R<>}il  Un*rtl*,  Julf,  \n/f. 


OCR  FREXCH  ALLIES. 


191 


which  will  bu  piinctunlly  pild  by  Mods.  Corny,  Conintiisary  at  War  u>  UU 
MmI  ChriHilnn  Majcirj;  or  Mr.  Duimour.  Mn  Coimul,  In  ROld  or  iillver, 
or  In  bills  of  cxchu»se  on  yritncv.  uu  their  arrival  «t  Frorkloncc-  One  of 
IhOM  f  entlemon  will  bo  Uicre  la  a  short  Uidc 

"  I  hnv*  the  liuiiur  to  be,  wltb  ihe  blgb«sC  respect, 

"  Vonr  Excelleucy's'inost  obedient  serTaat, 


^^ 


'  To  HI*  Bzcelleucy  Governor  Gr<?ei)e.' 


In  response  to  tliis  letter,  tlio  General  Assembly  voted 

1(1  resolved : 


and 


"That  It  t>c.  and  hereby  le,  recouiiuuudoiJ  lo  Epbralia  Bowcu,  Jr.,  Esq., 
Deputy-Qunricnn aster  Qeneral,  tn  csuso  the  buildings  on  the  fhrm  In 
Brislo),  hitely  bclon^ner  to  William  V«.«iiuil.  Rsq.,  to  be  tminedfaCcly  put 
In  proper  repair  Tor  the  said  pnrpoae;  mid  Lhnt  becnasc  socb  additional 
bnlldiugA  to  be  erected  on  tlu^  xiilil  nirm,  atid  on  the  school  fhrin  luljolnlnjf 
thereto,  as  sball,  with  the  bulldln;;s  first  metitloned,  be  Hufllclenl  to  con- 
tain the  numbers,  and  answer  the  purposes  pointed  out  hi  the  said  Instruc' 
lions  to  Dr.  Cralk. 

"That  John  I.  Clark,  Jonathan  A  mold,  and  Becijainln  Uoome,  Esqa., 
be.  and  ihey  are  hereby,  appointed  a  committee  to  advise  with  the  said 
Ephrairo  Bowen,  Jr..  n:«pecttnf;  the  n-pair»  nccensarj  for  the  Bald  bulld- 
IngN,  and  the  tnoat  sQltablo  places  to  erect  new  ones;  and  tliat  lo  case  the 
namber  of  aick  shall  exceed  the  provision  made  for  them,  the  Bald  com- 
mittee adrUe  the  sold  Eptiralm  Bowcn.  Jr..  where  and  what  otlier  build- 
lags  shall  be  taken  op  for  their  accommodation  and  comrort;  and  fbr  the 
more  speedily  clTecting  the  arorcsaid  purposes. — 

"  rt  la  hereby  recommended  to  the  said  Kpliralm  Itowen,  Jr.,  to  cause 
anch  barrockH  lu  inny  be  at  ThiTton,  mid  at  the  north  end  of  libodv 
Inland,  lo  be  removed  to  the  said  farms;  and  also  to  matte  ose  of  a  Ur^ 
Arame  lu  Tlverlon,  near  Colonel  Pardon  Gray's. 

"  It  is  further  voted  and  resokc'd,  that  Dr.  •lonnthnn  Arnold  and  Dr. 
Isaac  8enter.  be,  and  they  are  hereby,  appointed  a  oommlttee  to  odrlse 
with  the  aald  Dr.  Cralk,  respecting  the  oecessary  meana  and  menaure«  to 
be  puraned  to  prevent  any  contagious  disorders,  which  may  prevail 
aiooogat  the  said  sick,  from  being  communicated  to  Uic  InltabltnnU  of  this 
State. 

"And  for  ennbUns;  the  said  Ephmlm  Bowen,  Jr.,  lo  carry  the  aforesaid 
parpoma  into  execution,  and  to  supply  the  said  Dr.  Cniik.  agreeably  to 
ttaetald  request,— 


192 


RHODE  ISLAND  !>*  THE  BEVOLUTION. 


"  It  la  ftirtber  volvd  aud  rc8olv«d,  tUat  he  be,  nod  hereby  is,  empowonsd 
lo  drsw  the  %am  o(  £10,000,  luwAiI  moncr,  out  of  the  ({eoeral  treasar;.'' 

lAirtber  action  of  the  Genoml  Assemlily  was  as  follows : 

'*  Wherean,  Ephralm  Bawco,  Jr.,  Esq.,  I>oputjr-QuarU(rnin»lcr-GeDcrBl, 
repreMnted  unto  this  Assembly,  tliat  tlw  mnnfj  grantetl  him  by  this 
AMcRibly.  nnd  the  Council  of  Wjir,  to  rcpnlr  boaUi  and  IiO!ipitAl!i  fr>T  the 
French  armj,  Is  enllrcly  expeitded;  aud  Uiat  he  hath  need  of  a  Airther 
sani  to  cotnpI(?U'  Uic  Mimu,^ 

"  It  Ls  iherefore  voted  and  resolved,  llinl  the  saUl  Ephniirn  Bowcii  h«, 
■ud  lie  \»  hereby,  empowered  to  druw  the  sum  of  £10.000,  lawful  money, 
oat  nf  the  {general  treaHiiry,  for  the  purposes  aforesaid;  and  for  inakiuj; 
Mich  repaint  «t  Providence,  Warren  and  Bristol  fcrrics,  nx  are  «cer*sai7; 
and  that  he  account  for  tlie  same. 

"  Vvou  the  iiieuiorial  of  Lewis  Elhls  DeCwruy.  Esii-,  Conimb»ary-Oen- 
L-rai  of  war  of  UIb  Myst  CbrUClan  M^esly.  aud  urdurer  for  the  eiccuilon 
of  conmiaiiilK  of  His  aluovexald  Mnjf.iiy,  relative  lo  the  French  anny  sent 
into  America,  prtscDted  Tinto  thia  Assembly,  respecting  the  ferrlea 
between  Providence  and  Newport,  and  lilt  request  Hint  the  same  may  be 
put  ill  n-pair.  In  otder  lo  nicilitnle  the  operations  of  the  expecteit  «nn*< 
meiit  of  His  Bsid  Majesty, — 

"It  Is  voted  and  ruKolvL>d.  that  the  MuDoreblv  William  Bradford,  Eftq., 
Bri^tiiliurGvmTuI  Nathan  Miller  and  Colonel  Joeeph  Nitjthiknsuk'  be,  aud 
they  arc  hereby,  appointed  a  cominlltce  to  wait  on  (tic  paid  Lewis  Etiits 
DcCorny,  on  the  subject  matter  of  the  said  memorial,  and  inform  him  that 
thl.x  tiencral  A^xcintily  U  li UjiosrH]  Lo  tiikc  i-vcry  pooKildf  iiH-nHUrr  f<jr  the 
■cconmiodntloii  of  the  experitd  armniiu'iit  of  our  ceiteroas  ally,  :ind  for 
the  faciili-aLln;!  the  Important  ulijeet^  of  their  deNtiiiuiIoti;  and  that  they 
have  furnlsliird  Epliraim  Buncu,  Jr., E»q.,  Depi]ty-Quarlerma><lcr-UvDcraLt, 
vrith  money,  and  directed  him  to  inaiie  the  neee.i)iary  repairs  al  the  salil^ 
(brries,  under  the  direction  of  the  said  eom m i ttec." 


With   i-egard  to  n  hospital   in  Pmvidercc,  M.  DcComj 
adtlicswed  to  the  Governor  and  ("ouin-il  the  following  lettorj 

"I'noviDKXCF,,  June  24,  17&0. 

"Do.  Lewis  EthiS  DeCorny,   Esquire,  Commlssury  Gcniral  of  War  of 

Hid  Mont  Chrlittlau  Maju«ty,  and  Orderer  for  the  ExecuLlim  of  Com* 

iDOiids  of  his  alwvesaid  Majeety,  n-btlve  to  the  Frpneh  Antiy  seat 

Into  America  — Lieutenant-Colonel  of  Cavalry  Id   ihe  Army  of  the 

United  SMtcM  of  America,  £c. : 

"Earnestly  requests,  nnd  in  the  roost  premftln^  manner  entreat*  T1U«  Ex* 

cellency  tlic  Governor,  nnd  the  llonornbie  rouiicil  of  Ihc  State  of  Itliode 

Island,  to  rumbh  him  an  estatiiishmeot  for  au  bospllAl  for  the  iiervlcr  of 


Oim  FEEXCH  ALLIES. 


193 


the  French  army,  wblch  Is  ouc  of  the  mokl  IniportaDt  artlclea  ncoessarr 
to  be  pirparcd  for  their  reception. 

Th«  knowlcd^  he  hAS  of  the  sUuotlon  of  the  rollege  In  this  towu,  of 
ItJ  cxt«nt  and  aaiabritjr  of  the  air ;  and  capcciallf  conaldcrlng  lhl.1  build- 
ing ia  altiiatcd  In  a  towD,  the  lohnbltantit  of  which  are  particnlarljr  attached 
totli«  good  cause  Id  which  Auivrica  aud  Frnnce  ore  mutually  unfca^ed; 
wlwrcM,  on  the  other  part,  any  other  catablbhmeut  In  whatever  ^\^f»  It 

[nay  be  flied  bvtwcon  tlils  and  Newport,  will  eiposc  ihc  i^ick  In  the  hospital 
>C  only  to  the  evil  denies  of  the  naspectcd  part  of  the  country,  but  also  to 

Ithe  aitetnpti  of  tiic  vnumy,  who  mny  with  the  greotott  l^cllity,  make  prla- 

roners  the  whole  of  the  sick  In  the  hoaplt&U ;  and  coDaidcring  b«sidcs,  that 
thia  e9ta)ilb>iim<^nt  In  con««i]Uence  ofUic  above  nriutrfiin,  beforv  liU  depart 
ore  fifom  Fraiic«,  waa  partlcnlarly  adopted,  fluid  and  iiliBolucely  appoinled 
by  the  Court  of  France  and  Doctor  FranWIn,  for  the  reception  of  thn  sick 
of  the  French  army. 

"He  therefore  rcqueata  IIUExcellency  theOorernor  andCouoctiCooom- 
ply  with  his  entreaties,  and  to  girc  Immediate  orders  that  the  co1l<^^  may, 
without  d«Ia]r,  be  tflvva  up  to  him,  for  the  purpose  of  miiiiin];  the  tiisrvs- 

^lary  dispositions  for  tlio  reception  of  lils  tick  countrymen ;  he  abo  begs 
ive  to  reprcjteul.  that  it  Is  nut  In  hln  power  lo  deviate  fhiiu  this  very 
CSMntlai  artkte  of  h^a  biiAlrnctlons,  etipeclally  ur  It  lias  b«en  previously 
flxed  u|>on  Id  France,  where  they  were  iDforiticd  the  college  has  been 
already  made  nse  of  for  a  alnillar  purpose-  The  aforeaald  commissary  has 
the  honor  to  be 

"  With  the  moat  profound  respect  and  esteem, 

"Your  Excellency's  and  Your  Honors' 
•  "  Most  obedient  and  most  hiimbio  sen>'ant, 

'KTIIIS   DaCOKNY. 
"To  the  Oovemor  and  Conucll  of  Rhode  Inland." 


Washington  wrote  to  General  Jloitth,  then  in  Boston, 
infurming  him  of  whnt  he  hnd  done,  nnd  ro(|iici4ting  bim  to 
repair  iuinicdtately  to  Providence,  and  on  tlie  arrival  of  the 
allies  prt^sent  huiiself  to  them,  lotting  them  know  that  they 
might  t'oniinitnd  his  services,  while  in  conjunction  with  Gov- 
ernor Greene  he  sliould  cndcBVor  to  establish  a  market 
between  the  fleet  and  army  and  the  eotmtry,  to  prevent 
imjx>sition  in  the  prices  of  articles  which  might  be  found 
neeessnry.  With  this  request  he  at  once  complied.  He 
lefl  Koxburj*  June  15th,  and  arrived  in  Providence  tlic  next 
day,  at  2  o'clrjck  in  tlie  afternoon.  He  was  met  at  the 
bridge   in   Pawtticket  by  Deputy-Governor   Bowen   and  a 


IH 


RJIODE  ISIJIND   ly   TITE   BE%'OI,UTIOS. 


niimtier  uf  other  ^ntletnen,  who  escorted  him  into  town. 
He  without  delay  expliiiued,  in  deference  to  Governor  Greene, 
the  object  of  his  presence  in  I'rovidence,  with  the  assurance 
that  no  endeavor  on  his  pnrt  should  be  wanting  to  promote 


the  interests  of  the  United  States  in  general,  and  of  Rhode 
Island  in  particular.     The  selection  of  General  Heuth,*  for 


■ttcncnl  William  llrotti,  md  Af  WlUUm  llMlh, »  rwTQvr,  wm  born  In  Roxbur]*,  Mu«.i 
Miircli  1,  (nlit  Mj-Io.)  1737.  Kri>m  hl>  chllillioo.1  ho  wiu  imni  of  inillury  ox^folte*,  aad  *n\f 
■ludii'd  tli«  I^<^»^T  of  n-ar  In  oil  Hi  tiran«h«<  Aud  dnUt»,  l^oru  ibe  Kivttle  M)ldl«rtO  th« 
<  ixnitmiiiliT'tii-l  liliT.  lli*Jrilii<^l  n  uiililaT}'  roxiiuirij  tu  liU  native  tuwn,  ami  ■uliMHjurliUT' 
bvnuiK  a  iiiL'niljvr  of  tlir  Aiii*1mi(  nm[  DuuunLNi;  ArlUlcry  (.'ciiipftDy  lu  ItoJtiMi-  Of  tliU 
rauipnn)'  lie  laaa  in>mniiuLoii<!il  romcDUnlcr  in  1770-  At  llir  aiittirtwit  of  thr  Bdrolutlun, 
Iku  uarmlj  il-dod  witli  llir  W\t\g  ikitIx,  ami  lo  bM  In  ■wsk't-nlng  ■  morv  rHmut  inlemt  In 
Iha  caiue,  lio  vruiv  a  (trie*  ot  cmavi  on  ihi-  Importnnce  vf  mlllinry  dUclpllitc  ivnd  iliv  aao 
tif  nriiiK,  nliifh  wrn-  |>rliil<-il  In  n  lliiiloii  |in]t«r,  iiiiilrr  llio  nlKualiin-  tif  "A  Mlltlnrjr  I'uitit* 
Irytiiaii."  lu  ITAlandln  1771-4,  h»  itm  a  ltc|ir>-tE^iitkiIv«i  wat  it  nifinbf r  o^  ilio  Conimtt- 
tee  of  CorrMpondtam  and  ^nn'tr.  He  wu  llhuwlKt  ■  tiicintH.-r  or  llic  ConnUtlca  of  ftup- 
))lln,  Buil  n  (tvkgiilp  U>  llie  IVotIucEbI  L'uDfreu.  lie  wai  one  of  the  faunitvr*  uf  lli«  BrltUh 
ttvm  Ccjnt;urvl,  mid  wu  «nK*Ke>l  In  Ibe  »leK«  of  Rotton.  Dvum  MintiiJsnlaiii^il  a  ltrlijn<'>>l«r- 
Ucorial,  and  HlalloiiHl  with  htl  biifii4e  ftt  Rnsburf.    In  ITTfl  tit  vnu  nciprilntC'il  a  Mii]or> 


OUR   FRENCH  ALUE8. 


195 


the  scnico  now  devolved  upon  him,  was  jiidieioiis.  He  whs 
an  officer  of  experience,  patriotic,  of  coiirteons  mnnnera, 
familiar  with  military  etiquette,  atui  dive  to  every  thing 
tiint  coiihl  coiH'ilinte  the  esteem  and  cuiiSdence  ul'  the 
allies. 

Dr.  Craik*  concun-ed  with  M.  DeCuniy  iii  fixing  upon 
the  college  hnilding  as  suitable  for  a  hospital.  This  occu- 
pancy was  strongly  objected  to  by  the  rresidont,  Dr.  Man- 
ning, as  disastrous  to  the  interests  of  the  college,  the  pros- 
perity of  which  had  heen  severely  crippled  lij*  its  Imilding 
having  been  appropriatud  lo  amiy  uses  since  177(1.  The 
town  also  demurred,  nnd  appointed  tiie  Hon.  Stephen  Hop- 
kins, the  Rev.  Dr.  James  Manning  and  the  Hon.  Theodore 
Foster  a  cuuimittee  to  preparo  and  present  a  jietition  to  the 
General  Assembi}',  protesting  against  the  college  building 
being  tuken  to  be  used  for  a  hospital  "  for  receiving  the  sick 


Oen^nU.  Altrr  rcnlolni  Caanl  dp  KoeliUBb«Bu  uxl  Ailmlraj  IM>  T«rn«y  ^t  Svrport.  tw 
•iMci-cdcd  ihe  imlior  AnoM  In  tho  commMid  ftt  VVp<4  roltil.  HI*  Mrvk»*  ir«rr  utrfUl  lo 
Ibo  doao  of  IliK  war,  wtisnlMi  rcllrfd  lo  hU  (krni  in  Honhiirj'.  Ke  wa»  b«Jd  to  Itlfili  nlo#iu 
k;  WaihliiKtoD,  a&il  tita  br  KoeluaUwku.  snn  ilie  Kirvolut1«ii  be  «ru  a  intcnbvr  i>f  the 
oonvmUati  Tur  llv  nlUImlon  of  the  Fnlira]  I'utiitltuUan.  a  Klatr  .lenalor  and  ■  Judgaof 
l*rot>«l>.  Id  iiii  Ijp  wiu  clioira  LIvuIi'iiBUMiownior  of  Uabiuoliuirllt,  IjuI  di.-dlMd  Ui« 
IWiMr>  Ii«n«ral  ncatli  wai  of  medlura  tiatiirt,  and  light  («ni|i1cxl(>u.  In  hU  latter  ft*r» 
bt  bwMiM  eDTpulctil  and  bald-budad.  ("bailoUiix  ilrtcriban  lilin  ai  harlng  ■  nahti-,  o|H>n 
nameouieg,  kWIiic  iilm  a  mtklog  nMinbbiiM*  lo  tin  Marjula  of  Uninby :  '■  The  rn>ub- 
Ilraa  ■IffiplUli)'  ^r  lilt  mannrn  may  be  Infon^d  frniu  Itie  tndltlon  Ihat  Ire  OMMtaiiall; 
fbvT*  to  etiureli  la  tiUoK.b>a>ii  — p«rbap«  tnleftilvd  aaahtni  tulilnuior*  ariitacradc  iiplgli. 
bOf*.  whoM  carriamtwen  of  a  ilvowy  and  ttjIMi  doMriptloii."  {irratf*  ttoxlMrg.  p. 
SVO,}  nil  "  Mrniuln,"  wriltrii  bjr  liitnatlf,  are  ■  iklnable  cuDlribulluii  tu  Itiriululluiiarf 
VMnrj,  Bo  tltml  In  Itoxbur;,  Janaarf  IM,  latl.  Tlic  •■  llvntli  I'siivn*'  arv  In  tli«  pu»c«- 
Mob  of  the  MamtChMcKa  ilUtoilcal  .■^elet}--  It;  llic  Murleijr  of  llic  SMirty  1  hate  brcii 
pomUlcd  M  (uuunlu*  and  lake  tnlmitci  of  tlicm. 

■  Dr.  Janir*  Trslk  ita*  tNirn  In  ^rotlaiiil  In  ITSl,  mid  wu  Hlucatfd  fur  au  army  lurB"'"' 
neounc  to  Anxrloa  to  I7M,  in  irlikh  \em  lie  mrt  Wa*hlnKloii  at  WIllUm>l>ur|[,  Va-.aml 

«ai  »MB  allaetlcd  lo  llin  iruopa  iliiiln'  lil>  mtinnnnd  dpillnnl  lo  nipcl  tlll^  mii-juachnMBta 

of  ib«  Ftatdb  and  Indiana.  He  wa*  wlili  U'aiblnciQD  at  the  alTalr  or  I'ort  .VkmbU;  In 
iru.  Ilc«a*al*i>  wltb  hloft  In  llntildocli'*  dluulrou*  'wiiiiiaU*'  the  fulliiinInK  frar.  anit 
dwwl  iks  Iklal  wuDnil  rmwliiHl  tij  ihr  Oanrral.  L>iirtG|(  iti*  Wac  u(  tlic  ICoioliilliiii  L>r- 
rtaUi  ooniinncd  doaalj  MaodalMl  wlUi  tbe  ('ommandi-r-ia-Cbltf  at  Eti«  Amrricau  furciei, 
and  wlirii  II  wa*  dcchlud  U>  prOTldv  njlllla>r]t  liorpllal  acouuimodatlon*  tn  frurlik-ticc,  Im 
vaawDlUiwr  tatuiierrlMiliearniEij^iiK.-tiiii,  Al  the  dci^  uf  Yorttovn  lie  nat  Dtrvetor 
oftlM  hoaplul.  .Utrr  Ihe  war  lir:  icIIImI  ticaiUuunl  Vtnifin,  our:!  held  tba  po«IUoit«rlkiD> 
tl|r  pbjalciau  lu  Gooenl  Waatiiugiun.  lie  adnilnlilorrd  [irarviilonaltji  to  111*  brIoTcd  eom- 
manikr  and  rhmd  In  tbv  cloiiar  bouri  or  lil«  life.  \».  Crmlk  died  Is  Fairfax  voualr.  Va., 
Pabraar;  fl,  Ihl-I.  al  llic  Bf«  iif  i-tjitil^raur  jrart 


OUB  PBKHCH  ALLIES. 


187 


mentB  for  their  comfort."  The  college  edi6ce  was,  however, 
appi-opriak'd  by  llie  Council  of  War,  and  the  upper  story 
of  the  hrifk  school-liouae  on  Meeting  street  whs  subse- 
quently made  tise  of  by  the  college  students  for  their 
stiidles  and  recitations. 

M.  Dc(.'orny  having  stated  the  difficulty  he  experienced 
in  obtaining  u  bouse  for  the  uceummodution  of  hini8c1f  and 
bin  fiimily,  the  Genera!  Assembly  authorized  Colonel  Eph- 
raim  Uowen  to  make  the  necessary  provision.  A  house  on 
the  west  siilo  of  the  river,  owned  by  Major  Nathaniel 
Greene,  of  Woodstock,  Conn.,  and  occupied  by  Captain 
Aliimeleck  Kipga,  was  assigned  to  the  Colonel,  Ciiptain 
Kiggs  being  transferred  to  a  part  of  a  house  occupied  by 
Mr.  Daniel  Jackson. 

While  occupied  for  barracks  and  a  hospital,  great  altera- 
tions in  the  building  were  made,  and  damage  to  the  amount  of 
mure  tlian  one  thousand  pounds  was  dune.  In  1782,  the  col- 
lege corporation  pi-esented  a  petition  to  the  General  Assem- 
bly of  Khode  Island,  giving  a  brief  statement  of  the  injury 
the  building  had  suffered,  and  praying  tliat  "tiuch  rei>airs  as 
are  ab.solntcly  necessan,-"  be  made  at  the  public  expense. 
Of  this  petition  nothing  came.  In  ITtftl,  Dr.  Manning 
accepted  an  appointment  to  a  scut  in  Congref^n,  mainly  with 
a  view  of  obtaining,  if  possible,  a  grant  to  compensate  the 
college  corponitiojj  for  the  n^nts  and  damages  during  Ibo 
war.  but  in  this  he  wa-s  disappointed.  Foui'tcen  years  later, 
April  I'J,  ItJUO,  Honorable  John  Brown,  then  a  meutber  of 
Congress,  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  passage  of  "An  Act  for 
the  Kelicf  of  Khode  Inland  College,"  authorizing  and  direct- 
ing the  accounting  officers  of  the  United  States  treasury  "to 
liquidate  and  settle  the  claims  of  the  corporation  of  Khode 
Island  College,  for  comi>ene(ation  for  the  use  and  occupation 
of  the  ediltcc  of  said  college,  and  for  injuries  done  to  the 
same,  from  the  tenth  day  of  December,  one  thousand  seven 
hundred  and  seventy-six,  to  the  twentieth  day  of  April,  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty,  by  the  troops  of  the 


IIP  RHODE  ni.A3rD  CST  TR>  BZTOLmOSL 

Vmtad  S/tttm ;  md  li>l  Iks  m  whicii  out  be  firaad  Am 
to  ^m  Mid  corporation  fcr  iTin— gun  doat  to  uid  otcapttion 
of  lbs  ind  edttttr  m  ifiiraand*  b*  pnd  to  than  out  of  aaj 
BOMjB  io  tha  UiMui^,  no*  otfunrin  ^pcofiratca.*  The 
cnet  iuin  M<nircd  w  Dot  cvrUmly  known.  Ber.  Dr.  Darid 
B— dirt,  in  his  UistorT,  ilates  it  to  hate  bees  two  thoiiMod 
doRan.* 


THE  .HEW  fOMERS. 

A  WMOVO  DtnMMTQfS.-WUZXT  ft^UU  FEOM  BWSST.-UST  OF 
rxSflKUI^DB  TXESAT  ESGAGKa  AS  ESGLLSU  FLEET  -AKBU 
TAI.  OF  THE  rUEirCH  AT  jntWTOKT— EOCHAiCBEAr  LA:yi«8— 
WJWJf  ASD  VTATE  WEUXISCE— TIUJOM  AXD  FRIliATES  DIS- 
POSED Or^DEinCItCES  BEPAmED.-TBIsmr  CHCRCH.-AD)It- 
RAL  OKATE8  AT  9EW  TO&K.— APPEAB8  OIT  ^TEITFOBT.— 
rans  FKOM  LAPATETTE  ASD  GEKEKAI.  HEATH. 

HILEC  Lafsvutte  wae  urgently  soliciting  the  succor 
AC  much  needed,  the  question  WHS  nuaed  :  Uowwilt 
a  KcoDcl  rc-«nfon:ement  l>e  received?  The  inquirr  aroae, 
probably,  frnm  an  iraiiresaioo  that  the  .Vmericana  were  di^- 
MtMSed  with  the  cofirac  punned  Hy  D'E»tamg,  and  especially 
in  the  cnnipaign  on  Rhode  Island.  It  had  likewiee  not  been 
forgotten  that  when,  at  the  beginnmg  of  the  war,  French 
oflbers  were  »ent  over  by  Deaae  and  Franklin  in  such  num- 
ben  tm  greatly  to  crobarraas,  hy  the  promise  of  positions, 
both  CongreM  and  Washington,  the  jealousy  of  American 
aipinnt*  fior  militiiry  commissions  was  nrouscd, —  they  feel- 
ing'that  the  f'lrci^  element  bid  fair  to  block,  to  s  consider* 
able  extent,  the  adrancement  ot*  the  native. 

•  OnUd'a  LMt  ot  M  unta|.  p.  2m,  M«*. 


OUR    PREKCH  AU.tES. 


190 


Writing  to  Count  de  Vergeuni^s  on  tbis  subject,  L&fayette 
says: 

"  tt  wtll  r«rtninl;  be  ssid  tbfit  the  French  will  bo  coldlj'  r«ccW«(1  In  that 
country,  ADd  rcj^artled  with  «  JevlouM  eye  In  Uic-lr  army.  I  cannot  deny 
that  tl]«  Amortcnuei  nro  dlCDcuU  to  be  dealt  wlth.«»p«cii>lty  by  Freuchni«n; 
hot  If  t  were  tutruated  wlih  Uiu  buitliieH.«,  or  ir  the  coniiDRoder  cboMO  by 
Cb«  King  BGL8  with  tulcrablo  Judgment,  1  would  pledge  u>y  lifb  that  all  dUD- 
cnltles  would  be  avoided,  nod  the  Preach  troofM  would  be  cordially 
raeelTMl." 

Happily  these  forebodings  were  ne^er  realized.  Not^ 
wiliuttonding  strong  religious  prejudices,  entertained  by 
devout  people  in  Rliode  Island,  and  largely  tbrough  the 
land,  the  prudent  ninnagemeiit  of  Wa^^bington  and  Kocbam- 
bciiu,  together  with  the  cordial  welcome  given  to  the  Allies 
by  the  uiost  cDiincut  and  influential  citizens,  soon  wore 
away  dititnist,  and  engendered  a  hearty  fellowship. 

The  arguments  of  Lafayette  in  behalf  of  his  beloved 
America,  as  already  soon,  were  successful.  The  French 
government  decided  to  send  over  a  corps  of  twelve  thousand 
men,  in  two  divisions.  The  first  division  of  six  thousand 
land  troops  sailed  from  Brest  May  2,  1780.  The  fleet  con- 
veying thorn  consistod  of  the  following  vessels : 

imrE'  ](.tiiK9.  nnns.  hhx. 

La  Due  de  Boursogoe,  M  1,2O0 

Le  Neptane.  1A  700 

L«  CoutiQ^raDt,  74  700 

L'EvellU,  M  000 

La  Province,  M  600 

Ardent  (oUm  BHilsb)  B4  600 

].e  Jasoo,  U              600 
Ia  Fauta84|iio,  (serving  na 

a  hoaplul  ship,)  Si 

La  SurTdllante,  (IVlgatc,)  40              SOO 

I.'Audroina<iuc.          "  SC               2fiO 

La  SIbjrUe,                  "  SS              S50 

L'II«rmloDo,                ■•  8«               250 

Pelican,  American  voaael.  8$               160 
Lg  Bruin,  (arincd  ship.) 
La  Coniplaac,       " 


CUMM«!*I>B«9. 

Admiral  I)<!  Teniay. 

Destoticfaea. 

MM.  De  la  Orandlire. 

Dfl  Triblaod. 

C.  »,  I>e  Meslgny. 

&1M.  1^  Ch«r.  Bernard  de 

Marlf^ny. 
MM.  lUi  It  Clochetlerle. 

MM.Lu  Ch«r.derandor4. 

I>bi:uttii't. 

Peltoueval. 
Bar.  Ue  Clagncy. 
Do  la  Toocbe. 

Dea  Arroa. 
DcNostda. 


Total, 


6W 


i;,»>o 


200 


RHODE  ISI.\KD  !>'  THE  KEVOLCTIOS. 


Dotix  FoDta  gives  the  names  of  the  frigates  Bellone, 
AuiuzoDe,  and  the  cutters  Gudpe  and  Sequent.  He  says 
there  were  thirty-six  trHnsiwrt^, —  making  in  all  forty-eight 
res«c]s.  He  rates  the  Due  de  Bourgogne  at  80  guns.  The 
Gu^pe,  14  guns,  was  commanded  by  Chevalier  de  Mauler- 
ricr.  The  Amazonc  was  commanded  by  La  PdrotttiO>  the 
celebrated  navigator. 

On  the  third  day  out  the  Bellone  left  the  Bqnadron  to 
return  to  France.  At  the  moment  of  leaving,  the  Admiral 
orderetl  a  bignal  to  put  the  crews  of  all  the  vessels  on  an 
allowance  of  water,  supposed  to  be  for  the  [Mir|X)SC  of 
deceiving  the  Bellone  as  to  the  length  of  the  voyage,  "so 
that  her  report  would  baffle  still  more  the  curiosity  of  the 
politicians."  On  the  9lh  of  May  a  gale  was  encountered, 
which  cHrried  away  the  fore-(op-ma»t  and  the  main-top- gal- 
lant-mast of  the  Provence.  The  Neptune  lost  her  mizzen- 
top-mast.  Several  other  vessels  received  more  or  less 
damage.  On  the  11th  of  June  the  Siirvcillaule  capUired  a 
British  brig  of  twelve  guns.  On  the  same  day  the  Amaxone 
took  a  small  English  vessel  from  Halifax. 

Off  the  ItermudiLs,  De  Ternny  fell  in  with  an  English 
squiidron,  which  he  engaged,  and  continued  the  comltat 
through  the  day,  but  at  sundown,  preferring  the  safety  of 
his  convoy  to  the  glory  of  taking  nn  enemy's  ship,  he  pur- 
sued his  route.  The  Admiral  came  on  soundings  off  the 
Chesapeake  Buy,  July  4,  and  took  a  British  vessel,  by  which 
he  learned  of  the  siege  and  capture  of  Charleston.  He 
thence  bore  away  for  Riiodo  Island,  and  after  a  voyage  of 
sovcntj'  days,  arrived  off  the  harbor  of  Newport,  July  10th. 

For  several  weeks  before  his  arrival,  all  eyes  at  Newport 
were  turned  seaward,  and  pilot  vessels  oniised  as  far  as  Mar- 
tha's Vineyard,  to  intercept  the  coming  fleet,  and  guide  it  into 
the  desired  haven.*    Thisvigilanco,  however,  was  not  repaid 


•  On  the  iDth,  ['Inly.]  >t  fbur  o'rlucli  In  the  mnnilnj;,  tlii>  AOntlnJ  raut«d  ii«  lo  hImII; 
toward  noon  fofni:  pUoU  rcBctivrl  iii  from  ihc  nelstiborl&K  t^lnnda.  TIti:  one  whom  w«  lud 
aabtMrdlold  ai  Uul  Uu  Americana  were  •lUL  nuWrt  Vt  Bhttit  li]u)d,aD<]  Ibkt  httU 


202 


RnoOE  ISLAXD  TO  THE  HEVOIXTION. 


ter.  ('mint  i\o  K(M'lmiiilK>aii,  flLToiiiiKitiKvl  hy  his  slnff,  at 
onec  went  on  bonril  the  Am:izonc,  and  proceeded  to  Xew- 
]K)ii.  Tbey  liindcd  iitxHit  noun,  and  lli4)ii<;hl  theiusolves 
(TKilly  n^ecived.  Wrhing  to  the  Frum-h  Minister.  \'ergenii6H, 
he  says :  **  Nobody  appeared  in  tlte  streets.  Those  at  the 
windows  looked  md  aiul  depreBsed.  I  spoko  to  the  prinei- 
pnl  inhiiMtaitl.'t,  tiud  told  them,  as  I  write  to  (ienend  ^Vnah- 
ington.  that  this  was  Diefoly  the  ndvanued  giianl  of  a  greater 
foi-ce,  and  that  the  King  was  detei-niincii  to  ^upiiort  them 
with  bis  whole  power."* 

The  Count  ivit^  evidi-ntl^  under  tlio  impression  that  tJie 
coolness  with  whieh  he  consideivti  hini$c1f  and  stuff  reecivwl 
on  landing  was  a  sample  of  "the  feeling  of  alt  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Uie  eontinenl."  Hut  in  tlii.'itas  reliitiug  to  Newport, 
he  was  soon  undeceived.  The  same  was  true  in  regard  to 
the  State.  The  fiu^t  was  that  the  citizens  of  Newjxirt  were 
unprrpni'c^d  for  a  demonstration;  Imt  within  twenty-four 
hours,  uli  nuceitsary  arrangements  were  uiade,  and  the  hearty 
weleoinc  eoiild  not  l>e  niintalien. 

A  ni]ml)cr  4)f  diiv.s  was  eoimimii'd  in  laiKling  the  troops. 
A«  they  cani"?  on  .shore,  possesj^ion  wa.^  takfii  <tf  the  al>aii- 
doned  works  of  llie  enemy, and  oCfiich  other  hjcalitiesaawere 
found  convenient.  The  forts  and  defences  were  remodeled, 
enibrasures  lilh-d  up.  and  gun*,  mounted  e/i  fxtrftfttff.  "The 
gi-eat  :ind  small  artillery,"'  says  ihr  Newport  Mercury^ 
"  landed  liy  our  geiieii>u»  Allies,  and  disposed  of  in  different 
parts  of  Ihiu  town  and  ir^land,  exece<l  aiiyliting  of  the  kind 
ever  seen  here.  Tlicy  have  hnij*s  (atihoti,  from  fttur  to 
forty-eight  poniiders,  and  in  greal  plenty. "  Del'emes  were 
immediately  thrown  up  in  a  position  to  command  the  chan- 
nel, mill  also  oti  Conanieiit  ami  Ifose  isl.iiida,  the  latter 


*lt  VFM  udgluill}'  liili-iidml  llial  the  wmtial  lUtiilmi  oliutilil  be  uiiiuuiuiiltol  isj  \ho  Bantn 
(|i->  VliMiir^nll.  I>iil  K'jclinnibcuu  wi'liltiic  1u  nliiili  M'r  Bhi\>u  willi  hliUM'ir,  Uk-  iji»niiuui4 
w*>|lirii.  Inlhi'l  <Miiii  ill-  Wlliciii'irlii.     |{<hI>hii>Iii-hu  titA  Ailmiial  IM- Tr-nidy  ircncTery 

tli-nlrmi*  tlinl  tl iiiin'  lorri'  r>r  inrlir  tlioii<iinil  ni>-(i  tliwilil  (nil  ni  iIip  j>.irn>i'  liuic,  l)ul  Ilia 

Ix-kors  AiilAirlriit  iiiiixltiror  tntioimiK.  ii  liJoclinJr  af   Bml  by  Uti-  KiiBll-li, nnd  ollin- 
ob«iJulr>,cvJU|)Hli'iIaeliiuijti'lii  tliviirni(i)[iiirii'nl. 


Oim    fHKNrH    ATXIRfl. 


8(13 


linring  h  Imtteiy  of  forty  pieces  of  artiHrry.  The  seiionil 
hstlalion  of  the  ro^riititiiit  of  Sot(<onnni8,  etjniummled  hy  the 
>'iBcaiiiit  lie  XoHillr>4,  WH!4  plnccMl  on  (*oiiaiiictit,  "  where  he 


I 


LAJiiMXn  or  Tiir  Fitmi)  h  T«ni>M>  *t  Skwimmt,  JI'Lv  ]1-U,  17H. 

WHS  re-etiforci>il  by  iko  AmoricAii  uiiliiin;  litit  llic  difKctilty 
of  hoMiii*;  (he  isliiiitl,  which  b  aot-cssiMc  on  nil  HidcA, 
itxhiml  file  ('mint  ile  ItnclmnilK'iiii  tn  tilmiidon  Jl.  nn<l  on  the 
27Ui  uf  July  he  unlt^rcd  Itiick  llic  Imlliiliuit."  *     At  Brun- 

•lv«ii  l'on1*'C«ni|nlfn^p.*l 


2(14 


RHODB  iaNA?m  FN  TUP.  RBVOT.rTinN. 


loii*8  Point  H  Uittory  t>f  uijrlit  Lw«uty-foiir  [loimdei's  niul  ftmr 
tnelvi'-inrli  ii»irljii-s  wiis  Eikt^wim-  thitiwii  up.  Four  other 
cight-iiicli  iiiai-t:ir>  :niil  fimr  livnily-fiHir  poiindoit*  woro  pn»- 
vidril  lit  Dpi'ii  lift'  tm  lilt-  I'liciiiy  shniiUi  llu-y  cnlt'V  the  vhiin- 
nel.  Tostrciijiihcii  the  iJositJon  of  llie  I'lviieli  and  AriHrrii'iiii 
forces.  OeiUTiU  KochamUeaii  i-mi^ed  Units'  Hill  to  he  tnrli- 
fiud,  find  to  oiisiin;  safo  rolieat  i'mtn  tlie  i-slaud,  shnuUl 
iiM'cssity  roqiiii-o,  connortion  was  foniied  with  the  main  land 
at  HoivIiindV  Fony.'  ItrK-hnmlwnii.  dcsi-ril)injr  the  liindiiifr, 
says: 

-Tliu  KrL'iicli  curiiN  liimli^il  at  Nvn|iiirl,  tlic  <.-a|>ltid  uf  itiis  Inland ;  It 
Wiis  cnc(ini|icd  covcrini;  IIjSs  town,  cutting;  tb«  islmiil  iicro«*«.  \\n  Ifft  ou  tin; 
sea,  \l»  HRlit  lit  the  nnclHira^*-  of  tin-  r«|ii»<lron,  wliicli  broiiglit  Its  Iinuul- 
«ldi'  til  lw«r  |init*tt«l  i'y  lami  liwtterii-x  wliich  1  niUHOl  tn  In?  CMtubllstinl  Hi 
llie  monl  convciilcnl  |>oliit!i.  I  wiirkc<l  llkcnltie  to  fbrtiiy  viiriniiM  [loiuts  Hi 
wtiicli  llic  t-Eii'iiiy  lulglil  liiml.  uiiil  to  upcii  rouds  to  ro  and  nttnck  lilm  on 
llic  flrst  tnonicnt  ot  lils  <tcl)iirkallou.  In  tlii)'  [xiNtliuii,  tlie  Krnich  corp» 
nitirht  nlwny 8  move  l>y  tlie  Klmrtcwl  Uim?  to  llic  point  wIiltu  lliC  enemy 
wislird  iti  Ijiml.  vrliMst  to  vary  h\A  point*  rjf  uttAck,  the  Intt^r  had  iireat 
circles  to  dfscrHx;.  In  iwilvi;  iliij-.v  timt-  tilts  position  was  roDtlered 
nsjipt-clal.lf  b>  a  labor  siidUlni-d  hy  all  Unit  jwrl.  of  IIki  nrtiiy  In  .n  COlidl- 
tinn  to  act ;  but  Aill  »  llilrd  or  the  litiid  iinny  and  of  tliHt  of  Ihc  »L-a  iriks 
)>l]arijly  attacked  tvltli  the  acurvy,  and  was  iwut  Into  tliu  interior  of  Llie 
eouHtry,  lu  llio  lionpltnlR  which  were  nanwd  to  he  r^tahltshud  tliere."t 

On  thif»  sulijoct,  my  lioniH'od  friend,  Dr.  David  King, 
writes ; 

'■Tlip  French  on  Irading  in  Ncvi-port,  in  .Inly,  ITMI,  wereb«allr«_  . 
In  maklnx  ri.>rtincaUoilB  to  defeud  the  harbor  n;;alnHt  the  Invtuloiw  of  < 

*"Wtlh  iT«iH.-ct  la  «rliii(  you  mvntfon  poiictTiiInit  tlir  nurlu  on  llultii'  lllll<  If  out  alllM 
HXpwl  WF  Brr  lu  poiilriliiili-  ti.>  Ihr  r)^|>i.ii«'  of  tliriii,  wtr  olinJI  tr  <ilili)tr<l  In  •li-tlrairy  tu  ilo 
II;  hut  ir  llMiulilluiti-lirrii  uiiildiil.  It  wiiiilil  liavi-  Ix-tri-r  Milllil  Ihr  atulr  of  ouritffalr*. 
I  do  Dot  ivinililnr  tlir  worbii  niUliijt  nil  tlf  |i>luii>l  N>  of  Mil)  gn-nt  ulOily  Id  i».  fnrllltf  ItMH 

th>pr  rantrlbtitp  to  tlio  Mrol;  ur  our  oIIIm  :  nurl  ilu  pxp«ii«c  wlilcJi  inny  be  liu-um-<l,  will, 
In  ujr  optiitun,  liiirv  NICIi:- ollirr  r>|ultDlri>l  llimi  lTil«,     Vixi  wUI  thi-rrforc  pwilj  oannelTB 
thM  I  (buuM  b«  gl«i|  ilml  Mart  iIiIdb  or  l)iU  klhd  iiil|il>(  b-  kv ui •)#•!,  •[>  tWr  b'  it  i-aii  ba 
doiu^  iriUioiil  lia|a«cliliiK  llie  grnrnjili)-  uf  llir  KliUri;  for  wltll«  Oil!  alllp*  &re  tcwii 
witilu  KJiil  fliwtii  to  our  BuUianTiF,  ■nil  nwliitaliiliiji  lliem  ■(  tlitflr  iiwii  rx|i>-i»r  In  onl 
oanntry.  It  nilslil  not  be  decent  to  reru^  tM-Hrlns  anch  llllle  expeuvt  ••  llipy  •p«fu  to  < 
prrt.    Uut  wc  aii(li[  iiuL  lo  loLiinln-r  Bnil1ihi(t  of  tliln  bliul,  ai»l  I  nin  p^rmiMtMl  JOB  ' 
nol.     Voo  will  MCI  MirnVNl<l>  I'l  iIii'm-  Utran,"—  ll'iirhinijlim  In   Utarmi  0cnlh,  Aufu^ 

list). 
1  Mcinulrt  of  Uuduunbonu,  L.  ?U,  ikL 


orm  pRRNi^n  allies. 


20:. 


Enuliiili.  For  liomir  ntotitlifi  tlic  onkrni  tinit  Uidr  nitciiUon  cllrccUtil  lu 
iiiaklnK  sornrc  the.  nnclioniyf  nf  llic  rlrx-t,niKl  erecting  fortlllcntlftns  where 
iMiorlotl.  [loucc  their  cncampincuLH  were  dintritiot^^d  in  a  cJrcutt  along  the 
south  of  NL>wp»rl,  nt  CaNLIe  lllll,  ticor  [li-eiituirH  Point,  in  the  u(>lf[l>bur- 
hood  of  th«  pn>4viit  sliorc  mail  mid  nf  titc  c}\tlit  At  ttie  imnth  and  p»»t  of 
Newport. 

"Tlwse  cticAiiipmcnta  were  vnrloiu,  nnd  were  protcfit«il  hjr  earthen 
fnituinkinrntH. 

"  I  ntii  now  one  of  Uip  olftcst  rltlxcuii,  nni!  Imving  bi-on  -faTnlliur  with 
Newport  rrmn  hoyhooil,  I  used  to  run  over  the  lines  of  cncninpmcut  then 
vialbli- toitiy  Imjlslieycs.  In  Provldunci- it  wiw  i]iir«re»t.  There  liciux 
110  oociiitlon  for  d«l^uct*  tliclr  criiciiiiipmmts  vn^n  near," 

Thfi  Jjogioii  of  Tjiuzuii  was  oiiiTiinpcil  in  front  of  the 
iirtiiy  on  the  Neck.  Adinin[l  Ih?  Tpriuiy  lucved  tlie  frifrales 
ciC  liis  lied  in  a  stnn<rlit  liiu.'  from  liosc  l^sUud  to  IViiiunk-iil 
shore,  ami  wns  thus  remly  to  co-operate  witli  the  Iftiui 
forces. 

Tti  sii»ii;ili7-e  \vith  joyful  oxprc-ssion,  nt  thr  carlieat  posai- 
lile  nioniciit,  llio  nrrival  of  the  AlUet*,  the  Town  C<iiincil 
took  meiiKiireR,  in  tho  followinjr  votes,  to  socuro  two  htin- 
drod  stuniU  of  nrins  I0  o([iiip  citizons  for  tlie  defence  of  the 
town,  ttiid  to  c.'iiiHe  u  j^ULTiil  illnmiiiittion  on  the  evenhig  of 
July  llth: 

"Whereas  mnay  at  the  luhahitiuits  or  tlie  toiru  uf  Newport,  tiiiiceri'lr 
deslroQ*  of  nflVmliii"  thoir  iittnost  nld  nitd  nH.-(lMnnc«  to  the  flvrt  imd  nniiy 
or  HIji  Most  Christian  M^cMy.  the  lllu.HEriauA  ally  of  the  SUttcfi,  now 
within  tli«r  harbor  »nit  town  of  Newport,  Imvc  Mitiociiitcd  Tor  the  defi'iicc 
thvri^r,  :i;^'dm>t  the  common  cncmj-;  mid  w]ior<<.-ui  the  Knirl  inhnbltanlM 
have  been  Iieretofore  deprived  of  their  llre-nrniH  »nd  nccoDtrement*  by 
the  said  eucniy,  aikI  nre  uuw  in  waul  of  a  eulDcluut  niiiulx-r  Tor  arruin^ 
RDtl  equipping  two  liuiidred  men;  When^forc,  rcitolvcd,  ihiit  Ma}ur-Oeu- 
cml  neatli  he,  nnd  tic  i><,  licrchy  rc^ur»tctl  tit  iip|dy  to  <!;pncml  Count 
nochnnDKmn,  coiiimaiuler  of  iiic  army  of  lli^t  snld  Ciirifttiati  Mi^csty,  for 
the  loan  or  a  •iiitTlcii^uL  unnihi-r  of  Uic  neci'HMiry  arioN  mid  accoutremcula 
for  the  .imilii^Hnd  ftptlpidn;!  luiid  men,  and  tbi*  town  will  return  tim  xnmo 
when  tlicreto  reiiulred  by  Ocueral  <'o(iril  Rocliamhenn.  and  that  the  com- 
ifiittee  wlin  walled  on  (lencrnl  lloalli  yr!'terday  h<:  appointed  to  wait  ou 
him  with  Uils  vuto. 

"  Whereas  upon  the  arrival  of  the  fleet  nod  nrtnyappolntod  by  Mis  Most 
Chri^tlui)  Miijcsty  lo  couiierale  with  Iho  ro^^^«a  of  theac  United  Statca 
agatimt  the  common  enenty,  Itie  luliahiCaiiU  and  clttErnH  of  thla  town  are 
calteil  upon,  fruiii  tlie  •Inly  and  rexnrd  they  owe  our  rouutry,  aud  Ib« 


20  rt 


RHO]>e    IRLANn    IN   THK    REVOLUTION. 


jEDitiludi}  uijil  ri-bpvcl  wblub  Is  One  twin  wurj  cRIitun  lo  thu  9nii»trloii8 
ally  of  thi'wc  SUUoh,  «»  wril  u>  nflVird  tliinii  ihc  uliiiu^l  alit  »i)'t  a«i«inUiiice, 
OH  ulxo  to  iiiaiiirfHt  cvf>r>'  innrh  or  rcHpcrt  and  rkUiiiii,  upon  iLclr  urrivnl; 
Wherefftrrr,  rosolveil,  llini  all  1mii(««!>  in  llie  streets  KercartLT  iiaiu«d  l>e 
llliiTiilnuti-d  to-mori-ow  fvctiiiiji,  to  wit:  Ttuitnt-s  utiTet.  Cniiffrcss,  (here- 
tofore talleil  (jii4-eti  utref'L.l  I.kwIh  Htrwst,  (lierttofure  ciiUcd  King  street,) 
Hronil  »trect  Icudlii:;  out  of  lowii.  th«  )«trrct  IviuttiiK  o*«r  the  Point 
Bridge,  and  the  street  IcndlnB  fpoiii  the  l-oiig  Wlmi-f  to  tin-  Toint  Battery, 
snd  siiL-h  ollirr  hoiiiiv^  tii  Diiis  liinii  n»  llw  HlillitUi!^  n(  tbe  occtipunta 
lliL-reor  will  iidiiill,  niul  that.  Hie  li{;lii*  Iw  coiitiiMiMl  to  10  oVlnek  In  tho 
evcniii;!.  II  is  fliiKior  lesolvwl,  tliBt.  Ik^iijdinlii  Almy, .lob  Kaaloa.  (ieoree 
ChnmpUit,  JtilK-r  I'liiunpUii,  Otorsf  St-ai-w,  Ruhtrl  Tii.vli>r.  Johu  'I'DWDseDd, 
John  Tuphftin,  lunnc  Diivloii,  iin<l  William  T»^}£i)rt,  be  a  comniltMP  tA 
l>iitrol  tJ»!  strLX-ts  to  fn-cvfi)t  any  daiiijuie  urihing  ft-uni  flrv.uiid  to  prescrv*- 
tlif  [leace  »f  Hie  town.  Orticrcd,  thnt  thiH  resolntlon  be  puMishi*d  ■iid 
iiiiitk'  known  to  the  liihnblLinLs  of  IhU  town  by  bent  of  drnni.  It  Ih  fur- 
thrr  rcsoiicd  thai  the  Trea-^irer  MhntI  nirtiiHb  h  box  of  cundles  nt  the 
expeiiae  i>r  thi;  town,  xnd  that  the  name  be  diNtribiitvd  lu  Huvh  of  the 
inliiihllntit.1  who  renlde  In  the  »lri;el«  hcretofure  ordered  to  be  UIu  mi  milled 
and  who  are  uul  uf  oblUty  to  Airui»b  ibu  Haaiu."  * 

Tli«  Town  C«uiu-il,  in  lifliulf  of  the  citizens,  «Iho  pre- 
soiitc«l  In  tlie  rnnnt  »  c* nigral iiint or v  iiddiTs.'*,  whlili,  tnitor- 
tiiiijiiU'lv.  Ii.-is  licrii  lu^t.  To  tliis  juUh-ess  lie  rtilTiriied  llie 
(bllowiiig  reply  : 

'•  Nkwport.  July  2lt,  USO. 

"  Mi^utetiiint-Gcnernl  Count  dc  RocbnmbcAu  has  received  with  wnriiifst 
frrntitudc  tlic  iiridn'*i«  wlitrb  nmny  of  tliu  liiiiabltiiiit*  of  Newport  were 
l>ka»ied  in  presc^it  U>  hicii.  Kc  bcgit  Icnvc.  in  the  nnine  of  the  King,  bla 
miwlcr,  Ihrir  nlly,  an  mui-h  nn  In  hln  own  and  thnt  of  the  army  under  liin 
coTiimnnii,  most  pnrtlciiIaHy  to  iLcknoivledge  tlits  ni-w  iNtnk  uf  Alendalilp 
fVo]n  the  cltiei-ii«  uf  Anierleii.  Ttic  Count  hae  tlie  honor  to  ii^isure  the 
Icibnbltunts  of  Nvwport  that  hi.i  rclliuiec  on  thnlr  xenl  mid  ftnllantry  ndUn  u 
icrcat  dpgrpe  of  secnrlly  to  hid  preparution  of  defence,  and  Ihut  If  (he 
enemy  is  ao  daring  s»  tu  come  and  attiick  Newport,  unci]  of  tbimi  an  mny 
want  anna,  will  be  Immrdlnlely  snppllod- 


•••TV Joy  ill  lUf  loivn  nf  XvM^iori  wm  gtvM.  Ai  ii  i>'clopl(,  \,  M.,  iht  AtliiilrKl  wtlutttJ 
tlir  luwii  Willi  ItiiMctii  CHtiiiiiii,  w'lildi  wii<  itIuthhI  by  thr  luunc  nulubtr.  In  ibe  rvmlnit 
tlir  luHiL  wnii  Iprnuliftill;  IHiiLiiiiialnl.  Hiiil  Arpwork*  eahlbllFd,  lo  lh«  ktvhi  |Jriuun!  and 
Mtiirjwttain  or  uur  alllt-i."— MmrA'i  Jfetmnn. 


ora  PREXL'u  ALLies. 


207 


The  OciiornI  AsMrnilily,  tlicii  in  sonttion  hI  Xcwport, 
(liret-lwi  the  following  nddrcss  of  wcltomc  to  bo  presented 
to  the  Count : 

••Thi!  repre-ientattvpR  nf  the  Slntc  or  Itliodc  IslnTifl  oDd  Pnrlibnoe 
I1anlAt1oii»,  111  Ucntml  A:«»cinb1y  cuitvi-ncil.  niili  tlic  uio.hI  pICMlQg aatU- 
hc-Uon.  Uikc  the  i^arhcNL  oppnrliiiilty  ofi-niiKntiilatlnit  ('Mintv  iJi.- nochttiii* 
bt-au.  I.leul<;tin.nt-Gvn«nil  of  Lbtt  uriTi)'  uT  His  Mi>st  (.'brietlaii  Majctnty,  ujiun 
hl«  Mife  nrrlvBl  witliln  tlic  VnlU-d  Staten.  Upon  Uils  occuLon  we  csDUot 
U'  loo  expressive  of  the  tjCniU-Ail  svdiw  we  eiiicrMin  of  ihe  geuerous  and 
iun;;tiiiiitinou8  aid  nllbnlcd  to  tlii^  irnlt«0  Slates.  b>'  ihclr  ilUisiriuae  ArlcDcl 
and  nlly.  Sumdent  had  l>c<>n  Lhe  pmork  of  Ills  m>»I  anil  frlomlHlilp;  the 
lirMent  histancf  tnuBt  conMralii  cvcii  i-iivlous,  dLt<ippoiiiir«l  Hrtlona  to 
rcnrrale  the  wisdom  of  hln  couik-IIsi,  ami  Kie  sincerity  of  lila  noble  mlud. 
We  look  forward,  witli  a  must  ploutliiu  cipcctniloti,  to  the  vnd  of  n  cam- 
imlfc'i).  ill  wbicb  Lbi;  allied  fur<:e  of  Friiiict'  aud  LIickc  V'niltd  SlaU-s,  under 
the  ainll'iBi  of  Divine  ■'rovldcnc,  inny  hi-  productive  of  peace  and  happl- 
ttvss  \a  the  ijont«iidlDg  powers,  and  mankind  In  fjcnernl.  Wc  aaatirn  you, 
Air,  our  cxpectutluns  are  enlarjiced,  when  wc  consider  the  wisdom  of  Hia 
Moat  Christian  Mi^eaty  In  your  appoiutincnt,  a»  the  comiuander  of  hla 
amiy,  d«»tlncd  to  oar  asslatance.  Be  asaared,  air,  of  ercry  cxertliMi  In 
Ibe  power  of  this  State  to  afford  the  uet:e»Nary  reft'eMhinviita  to  the  army 
under  your  coiiiinaud,  and  to  render  the  survlce  to  all  ruuki)  aa  n&;n'tfable 
aud  happy,  an  It  Im  honorablo. 

"We  arc.  In  behalf  of  the  Gencml  ABMiubly, 

"  The  General's  moat  obedient,  mid  moat  devotod  humble 
scrvanto, 

"WILLIAM    CBEENE, 
"WILLIAM  BBADFOBD. 

"To  Lieutenant  Ocneml  Comtc  de  Hocbambevi." 


To  this  the  Count  replied : 

'*  Grntleukn  :— The  King,  my  master,  hath  sent  mc  to  the  usslstance  of 
hla  |{ood  aud  faithful  allLca,  the  Untied  StalL-n  of  America.  AL  present,  I 
only  brln){  over  the  vangintrd  of  a  much  i^rfater  force  deetluvd  tbr  their 
old:  and  the  King  has  ordereO  mc  to  aa&ure  them,  that  hli<  whole  power 
ahiUt  bi!  exerted  for  their  rapport. 

The  Kroiieb  troops  an>  iimler  the  Nlrlctest  dlHrtpllm*;  and,  acting  ander 
the  orders  of  Gi-nerul  Wnthlnglmi.  will  live  with  the  Amerlrntis  a»  their 
brethren ;  and  nothing  will  alford  mc  greater  hnpplneaii  than  contributing 
to  Ibt-lr  MueceNH. 

"  1  iim  highly  uniiilhle  of  ihi>  iiiarkN  of  renpecc  shown  me  by  the  General 
Aaacmbly,  and  beg  leave  to  assure  them.  Umt  ns  brethrcut  not  only  my 


RHODE  ISLAWn  TW  TTTK  BEVOLmON. 


llfr.  hut  llio  lives  of  the  troops  Da<l«r  ray  iromntMiid.  aru  cntlrdj  dvvuUrd 
to  th«lr  vervice. 


CL  C^^^Os.^^  ^'ot-iL^^^^^ 


-e  A^<A^ 


To  .\,dniir:il  I>e  Tornny  ihv  tioiioml  Asscmlily  direotoil  an 
HiUlresti  Ui  he  prui^eiiff  J  in  tlic  folltnvin^^  terms: 

•'Tho  represcnlaUri-s  of  the  Stale  or  Rhode  ImUiikI  and  rravlilpocc 
I'IntilntLonii,  In  rienerni  A!i.s<>i»Mr  convt-iicil,  with  tlic  Tiioitl  pk-iisiiif;  ?iills- 
fikclton,  tiiku  Mi):s.  the  DiirliL'st  o|)|>ortuulLy,  or  te-illl^'liiK  th<.'  .letitliiiiMiLs 
that  are  iin|>]-esti<ril  ii|)on  thc-iii,  by  tli«  {fiviit  nlUmtloii  wtiicli  IIU  M<»t 
ChrUtluti  Mujci^iy  Ims  iuYtirhihlj- innnil^ted  tn  the  (riitlt;il  SutcH.  Tlic 
r<»rmhlal)le  [inuumciiU  lierolornm  scnL  to  oiir  nlil  hiivc  i?«itetitinllT  pro- 
moted our  hAp|>liieHN  nml  iuilcpenclenef?;  but  nt  n  Uinc  wheu  Biiropi-  is 
iiiviilvcil  lit  the  cAlninltlea  of  war,  liy  the  aiiibitious  vii-wjt  of  Ihc  ItrllUh 
Court,  vtr.  iniuiot  cxprcti"  tlic  yrat-iliuk'  hi;  ft-el  iipoTi  jotir  nrrivnl,  whh 
tin;  fioet  iiiKk'r  your  ctiiiDiiniul,  ticsliiietl  by  our  llhi^lrloiiH  nlly  to  the 
uti'li'Uiicv  i>r  thu  I'liltvd  StIll•.■^.  ^V<.-  fiiLrcut  yuu,  on  Mn  oci'Asiui),  to 
iicci^pl.  tbv  warau'iit  cuugrntuliilluiiH  uf  Did  Gcn<.>rul  Assembly  of  Lbu  Suitu 
of  Hhodti  I.ttaml  ilikI  I'luvlihtiino  I'lngiiniioiiH;  iinil  Ix!  iLHxiiri'd.sir,  of  every 
cxertiou  In  their  power  to  uSord  tlie  ncccssnry  refrcsUtiKriits  to  the  fleet, 
and  U>  render  the  9cr\-lce  a.H  A^rocftblc  niid  hnppy  Mlt  la  honorable. 
"  Wc  arc  In  licfmir  of  the.  Hcacral  AsnvmlAy, 

"The  Admirals  moMt  obniiont  ami  mo«t  humble  aervants. 

"WILLIAM   OREENK. 
-WILLIAM    BKA!>FnKI>. 

*'  To  Le  Chevalier  Vv  Ternay." 

Adminil   Dc  Tcrimy,   whose   iin.sww  wits    dclayud  huidv 
iIhjs  on  account  of  "  iimltiplicity  of  iMisinesa,"  saiil : 

••The  luiilllplielly  of  boHluctu  lu  willed  I  Uarc  for  moihc  days  been 
liivulvwd,  luim  Iiitlicrto  [>n-vculiil  my  lioriorlti;;,  In  dui;  roriti,  iiii  nddrcws 
from  iht!  HonornbU'  Uic  UeiHTiil  AsBcmbly  of  the?  SUitr  <>r  Uhoili,-  txlnrid, 
S.C.  i  have  alreiiily  at>flUrc()  tlivm  how  BQiiiiilbk'  I  nm  of  Ibelr  polltvuess,  In 
a  vUIt  to  my  hIiIp,  to  g^ive  utv  nii  luinnmncc  of  iliclr  Kmutiii^  every  neccs- 
»ary  Mippty  for  the  tiquiulroii  and  dect-  of  Hit;  Khiy  of  Franei-  durlDj;  thctf 
contliinaiice  in  Hiis  Suile. 

•'  1  wltli  plcnaiii-c  imbraoe  tlii^  opportunity  of  leaUtyiag  to  the  llonois 
iible  Asffonibly,  my  peculiar  satixfAetion  iii  mi  appointment  Ity  tlie  King, 
my  Miistei",  to  coiulticl  wuccnr  to  \iU  nllics.  who  havi-  novenil  ypars  htcn 
>iir(-eHsfliUy  eontenJlDS  It«  fsliibtWi  »ii  inilciii*nili-riiT,  whiili  will  lie  llii* 
basi-*  of  ihelr  fliture  felicity. 


orR  niKsrB  at-uer. 


209 


'*  I  have  notblns  l\irtli«r  to  OKpirc  after  Lfaaii  Ibe  bour  wbep  1  bhM  par- 
tlclpnU'  witb  the  United  States  Lo  tbu  glorlnim  adrHiilagtw  n:suUlri2  lYum 
war  with  enemies,  whn  viilnly  attfinpt  to  fiuttjugfttf  them,  tinit  vireitl  rhim 
them  that  lYetdnni.  tlir  tilc-Mliij;*  of  which  tlicy  Alr<riul)  csiurrli-nce. 

"  1  bef{  the  HmiontMe  Ansi-mtily  wuiild  Ik-  pcntnadeiLl  that  I  ittn  iiciic- 
tr«t«d  with  tho  wnrmcst  HttAchumiit  tu  mvrj  iiientlwr  of  which  lliftt  body 
Is  composed. 

"THK   CIIEVAUEh    l)E  TEKNAV, 
*'COD)m»idHnt  at  thu  Naviit  Fon-«8  of  IIIm  Most  CbritttUu 
Miijonty  HI  Newport.. 
"To  Ute  Moiinrnblt;  the-  Ut-iit-ral 

A»iieiti)ily  or  Ibv  SUto  at  Kli<iik- 

liotnml  mtd  t'ravldenc«'  I'lNiiMtloiw." 

In  additiuii  iu  (liu  iiddi'es:'  of  welcome,  by  the  State,  the 
fJeiR'nil  AsHeinlil_vn]»])<Miilt*(l  :i  nuiitiiittet'  <i)risistiiig  urHon. 
WilliHm  lirailtoixl.  <'lirislri|»hcr  Kllery,  Met<alf  IJowler, 
WilliuDi  Cliaiiiiiii^,  ilciliii  Tuiilnaii,  (!ulcl)  (tni-dncr,  Ucorgo 
ChHinpliii.  (ieorge  Irish,  .l(tso]>h  Stiiiitoii,  Kfiwse  .1.  Hulme, 
Adiiai  C'om»t4>fk,  ('li:n"le«  Kceiie,  Koiiurt  Ktliot,  Xnthnn 
Millt-r,  iim!  Dnriii'l  Masim.  Kfiiinit-cs,  "  U>  pn'iiftr*!  ii  diiiiiRi- 
and  ontcHairuiitiiit  itt  the  cx|Mii)sr  of  the  Stiitn,  on  thu  10th 
day  of  AiiKUst,'"  niid  t<)  wnil  ujxmi  (k'lieral  KoclmuiUeaii  and 
Ailminil  De  Tenmy,  with  the  cotiiiiiiiiiL-iitH  of  the  Asst'uibly, 
"and  request  the  Inmor  <>l'  their  coniimny,  nnd  of  the  offi- 
cers under  their  (-(iinniiiiid.  ;il  ilinner."  They  were  a]»o 
dirorted  to  iniliidt-  in  Ihclr  iiivilHtioii  "the  Hononihli! 
Mujoi'-Guneral  Heath,  and  hiy  fauiily,  and  ^uch  uther  olfi- 
cerv  and  <^L'nllenHMi "  as  they  tliiiii<;lit  til.  Charles  Kveno 
Was  em|nnvered  to  ilniw  out  of  the  ffeueiiil  ireiisury  n  sum 
sufficient  to  defray  the  expense  u{  the  enlerlainineut. 

The  Fruvidencc  (iazt'tlc,  of  July  2'2t],  says  : 

"We  have  tbe  ploaniire  tu  iurorru  the  public  that  the  fleet  and  aiiny  are 
in  bich  health  mil]  HplrtU),  and  anl  uily  wish  [Vtr  an  oppnruintty  lit  atjntal- 
ixe  tlieinnelves  In  the  corniiiitii  C4Ut>i-.  Tlic  ninocn>  nf  every  rank  liAve 
reildrreil  tlKinsdvL'^  a^rr-e»ldt-,  li)  llial  |iullluiif<i<>  which  chnrnLlertic*  llie 
Vreuch  nation,  Tlie  ufllevrsi  and  mddient  wvnr  t-iickadt'o  or  Ihix'w  colom, 
emblftiiatlriil  of  a  triph-  alllauei!  Iietwern  Kram'<>.  Sp4ln  and  Amerlm." 


A  transiport,  which  hud  heen  supai-aiud  from  thu  Qeet* 
sir 


210 


BHOPK  ^8I.ANT>  TS  TWE  HEVOLfTION. 


having  on  boarO  three  hiitulred  and  fihy  troops  and  a  large 
qnnntity  of  militjiry  stores,  arrived  safely  nt  IJtiston.     The* 
troops  passed  through   Providence  on   their  way  to  New- 
port. 

On  Fridiiy.  July  2l9t,  the  frigHtes  Siirveillante,  Amazone 
and  Ilerinioiie  8«ileJ  on  a  cruise.  On  the  241h,  "SI.  de  Vci- 
ornais,  first  lifiutoiiant  of  the  Hennione,  died  of  a  wound 
i-eccivod  in  a  tight  between  the  Hennione  mid  the  British 
frigate  Iris,  which  took  ptaeo  in  June,  off  the  east  end  of 
Long  Ishind.  TTio  next  day  his  remains  were  intenisd  with 
military  honors. 

"Ttiv  li»ii)»«>«  of  iiubUc  irvomhJp  n.-iiminril  in  thv  rulno'iio  slaU:  iu  wlilrli 
the  Brlthh  left  them,*  m  tbe  neveral  soclellofi  hBil  Dot  tlie  spirit,  or  abil- 
ity, to  rupiLir  tlieiii ;—  bi'sldt-c.  as  the  war  wna  iiot  over,  the  ■'une  cftiise* 
miitlit  again  reduce  thcin  to  the  rbhic  or  a  worae  couJUiuu.  Trinity 
church  IwMl  been  Mpivrctl  ni»m  the  vtintw,  McnsloiMHl  hy  the  war;  and  lliu 
b^^ll  In  Lhat  tower  wiih  the  only  one  rcninlullig  In  th«  town.  Tlic  mlliUtvr. 
Mr.  iti*i>t:ll,  having  li^ft  tvirh  llic  tronpH,  nn<1  Iho  hi>UA4^  hciit>;  usi-lcaa  Uj 
the  congregHtioii,  Uu-  Itev.  tlnrdlner  Tliurstoii,  Klder  of  11k-  Si^ixintl  Baf 
tUt  Church,  was  allowed  to  U8«  the  church  edillee.  and  lie  preached  thei 
to  bl«  DuinvruUH  c^ougrvKutlou  euiuv  yearx,  until  his  uvrn  mcvtiiig-bousi^ 
waK  repaired. 

"The  general  iippfuniiiuc  <if  thf  grcalvr  portion  of  the  building  was 
truly  illstr(.->>i4ii]f; ;  Hiiahes  aiut  jflaHU  tiioiillv  Koiif,  and  vvtndowK  boarded  up, 
with  here  uiid  there  a  solitary  square  of  gliwti  cut  Into  the  boarding;  and 
often  nut  mori;  thau  one  square  to  a  wlitOow."! 

By  a  singular  t.-oincidence,  AdiiiirHl  Graves,  witb  sis  ships 
f>f  the  line,  ttrrived  at  New  York  almost  sitiitiltaiieousIyVith 
the  nrrtvii]  of  Dc  Temny's  fleet  at  Newport,  and  on  the  13th 
of  .luly  Joined  Admiral  Arbuthnot,  three  days  after  the 
French  sijimdrim  i-eaehed  Mewport. 

**  ThlA  Junctlou  iiinilc  the  unval  tbrce  at  New  York  decidedly  superior  to 
Chat  of  M  IleTcniiiy;  Tor  the  nrinuniL-rn.  under  Admiral  ArbuDnmt  con- 
alat«d  of  four  Hliipa  of  the  Uue,  throe  rri|rat«H  of  forty-four  {{uus,  aud 
thr««  of  a  unialler  nine  On  thf  lUtli,  ftmr  llrftish  rvmeU  appeiired  off 
thr  harbor  of  Ni'wpwrt.  aud  tlw  next  inoruhiK  ua  boo'D  aa  th«  wind  would , 
permit,  three  fr)|£uu>tt  uf  the   t'reneli  ^ijiiadron  went  In  purauit  of  thuni,  i 


*AuU,  P.IM. 


t  Xvwpurl  Uvvvarj,  Julf  a,  lUl. 


OUR  FRRNOIT  AM.IRR. 


211 


■ud  twn  tlay«  ant-rwAnln  uliif  or  t«ii  HriMsU  veHsclM  of  Uie  line  came  in 
flight,  with  Ave  rri)^!*.-?)  mini  Tonr  Hinnn  vcmcIh.  TIic  Uirt-c  Frrnrli  mgntM 
KDil  A  dvnptilch  IhihI  Virtr  i-lmi>t!(l  Into  tin-  lmrtM>[',  Tlif  BrllUh  HcK  con- 
UdumI  iieiir  Hlock  iHlaiitl,  Krom  ihesv  mfiv«nieiit«  It  wiw  evlilmilly  tlio 
otjjwi  of  tin- Brlllsh  i-ominwitlGr  to  blucks{l«  tli«  Freitfh  s'londron;  oinl 
•a  attack  wuh  aho  fciircU  bcron-  prcpnrulioiiH  cotilcl  he  iiiiule  to  rentHt  It. 
Oeueral  llcnth  ImmecUsccLy  onlpred  foloiipl  OweneV  rfifimcnt  of  contj- 
netitnl  tmnpA.  nml  rhc  r>M.'niitH  fnr  ihAt  Mcrvlcti  U>  lake  pont  at  Ifowlatid'n 
Ferry.  Bristol  Ferry  umJ  BntlV  Hill.  llecalEe^l  on  Uie  Oovvmtkt-  of  Hbodc 
IklikDd  Tor  tinofii  liuinlrpul  tnilitia,  nml  r(H|utuit.eil  H^ht  Ijiinilred  more  rW>ili 
Brlntol  roiinly  In  Mns^HchUKett^.  Hp  llkpwi<<v  wftc  1<>  tlm  Counc-ll  of 
MussnchEiNcttN.  <t«slr1ni:  thai  nil  llie  iiiIIUIa  in  ilic  Stato,  who  hnrl  been 
deMchtv)  to  KL-rvc  I'or  tlm-c  tiionthK  In  thv  itiiilti  ariny,  (.-xri^iiL  ltio»e  In 
Hampnlilre  anil  Ittrkshlre  coiiiitlc-H,  ithoulcl  be  sf-nt  hnniidlalcly  to  New- 
JwrL  A  ]ik«  rpijniBiUon  ws»  madv  on  Ijovcmor  Trumtinll  for  one  Ihon- 
HDd  mUltla  mm  Coiiiicttlc«t.  With  lh«ite  forces.  If  they  cuuUI  be  "pe^d- 
lly  cotlectncl.  ( 'oiinl  <le  RochnnilH^au  tlioiifcht  \tt  aliocild.he  hMc  Lt>  wllhsunil 
nn  ntuck." 


The  alnrin  .^oon  pjisffcO,  and  the  niilitin  n>tni-ni>d  home. 

Shortly  aller  (lie  Frt-'nch  ullieft  arrived  in  Newport, 
Lafiiyettc,  Uy  the  dii*ection  of  Wnshinjrt^n,  visited  Rot-bam- 
beau  and  Dc  Temiiy  to  confer  with  thorn  in  rofcrencc  to 
early  nnvnl  iind  land  (i[>omfions.  Knlhusiastic  ns  Fjiifayette. 
in  the  nurnitb  uf  his  youth,  was  seen  tu  be,  KoL-hitmb'cau, 
in  tho  maturity  of  sober  yciira.  seemed  scarcely  less  euniest. 
Ilo  cherished  an  honorable  ambition  for  his  own  fame,  and 
for  tho  reputation  of  the  army  iiiidpr  his  command.  Tho 
same  spirit  was  in  Do  Temiiy.  Hut  both  wiire  cnulions,  and 
not  disimscd  to  run  doubtful  risks.  "It  is  always  right,  my 
dour  Manjuts,"  wrote  K<ifli  sun  beau  to  Lafayette,  "to  believe 
that  Frenchmen  are  invincible;  but  I,  after  an  experience 
of  forty  years,  am  going  to  ctuilide  a  gi-eat  »t»cret  to  you; 
there  arc  no  men  more  easily  beaten  when  they  have  lost 
confidence  in  their  chiefs,  and  they  lose  it  when  their  lives 
are  ronipi-omised,  owing  to  any  private  or  perwonnl  smhi- 
tioD.  If  I  bave  been  so  fortunate  as  to  hare  retained  their 
confidence  .until  the  present  moment,  I  may  deelaro,  uj»n 
the  most  scrupulous  examination  of  m^*  ou'n  conscience, 
that  I  owe  it  entirely  to  thiei  fact,  that,  of  about  tifteea 


212 


RHOPE  lfir.ANI>  ra  THK  RBVOLTTTTON. 


thou.siiml  nieii  who  h«vc  l»et;ii  kilKnl  or  «o»mdwl  uiidftr  my 
coaitiiiiiid.  [>r  vtiritMiis  niiiks.  ninl  in  ihv  nio^t  liliitHly  Hftious, 
I  liHve  lint  to  ropniiicli  myself  with  luLvImj;  caused  itie  death 
of  a  single  man  Wn  my  "tvvn  iKTsunnl  atlvHiiUm^o." 

An  inm-ttvp  siiiiiincr  ;inii  wiiit«r  ;it  Newport,  undor  a  pos- 
sililo  hlofk.'ulc  l>y  tlio  <Miriiiy,  wji.s  hy  no  iiicikni^  an  agreeable 
pivsptH't  I'ur  UtH-liiinilH'ini,  l>o  Ternjiy,  in"  their  oHiceni  to 
c()iitcni)tlaU>,  mil)  Iiolh  chiefs  would  huve  Iteen  f^lntl  to  have 
at  once  employed  (bo  nruiy  and  tho  naval  force  in  any  enter- 
prise that  ;ravc  fair  pi-oniisp  of  sncc^iss,  and  in  which  th&y 
conld  show  their  devotion  to  the  cause  they  had  licen  sent 
to  support ;  l)iit  an  attiu'k  on  New  York,  which  Washington 
and  I/nfayette  hsul  nitu^h  at  heart,  required  mival  superiority, 
and  they  thoujj:ht  it  prudent  to  awuit  I  he  arrival  of  the  sec- 
ond division,  then  hood  expected.  To  that  eonchiBion 
Lafayette  al>o  finally  earne.  There,  for  the  moment,  the 
plan  rested. 

In  wrilin-^  In  VVashin^dTi,  ^'iving  the  results  of  this  inler- 
Tiew,  the  Mnnjuis  make*  an  intereslin;;  statement  that 
nmy  properly  tind  plitco  hero.  After  saying,  "the  French 
anny  dislike  the  idea  of  rta^nnn;  hero,  and  want  to  join 
you."  he  adds; 

*'  Their  i1Upo*>ltlc>ti  htwiireU  tht-  inli»hitanU  Hit*!  our  troops,  nnd  the  c11a> 
posiUonit  nf  thi- iti)irililliintj<  uDfl  tlie  mllltlii  unviirds  ilicm,  are  biicIi  iui  I 
comM  wish.  Vi>u  woiilit  liuvc  been  aliul  tlio  wilier  diiy  lo  »ft;  two  hundred 
(iiiil  fflfty  of  ounlriiflo,  »t1hi  went  to  CoiiaiilrMjt  li^liind  without  provlBluiis 
Rnd  leiits.  Riicl  who  vmre  luixfil  hi  siicli  u  wii>'  with  the  Frencli  ironps, 
that  cvi^ry  French  ttolrlicr  iiiiH  o(n»>r  took  nit  Aiii(?rii-Aii  witti  htm.  nnd 
divided  hin  boil  and  liln  »ii|]pi-i-  In  tln^  innHt  rrlomlly  muniK-r.  The  [)At<«nco 
Biul  nobrlc-lf  of  iMir  riiilitiii  :iir  »o  much  adiiiirpil  'ty  ihu  Krencli  "fflcrm, 
thiit  tM'o  (luys  au"  n  French  <'<)loiio)  ciilli'ii  all  liU  (ijHrci'tt  together  to 
(le.stri*  iliom  U>  olwtTvi;  ilic  urxid  oxtiiiiplcs  wlii4:h  won.'  sUcn  to  Ur*  Freudi 
i^olilirr»  hy  llic  American  troops.  Unthf  ntlifi- hnnil.  tlifl  French  dlscl- 
plinp  1.1  siirji.  ttint  rhlcken.s  and  jilat*  wi'IV  between  tin-  l)nei«.  without  hclng 
dlNttirbed,  mid  tlint  thcTt-  is  In  the  camp  a  ciirnfli;]d  of  which  not  one  leaf 
hax  been  tim<.-Ueil.     Tin-  Tories  know  not  what  to  sajr  tu  It." 

In  eompliaiicp  with  the  request  of  General  Washinj2;ton, 
General  Heath  proceeded  lo  Xewport,  where  he  uiadc  bin 


^ 


OCm  PRBNCH   AI.I.1KS. 


213 


bcii<l(|iinrl«rs.  lln  i-mu'Iiitil  llic  Uiwn  iit  iiiiiiiii;!:ht. 'luly  11th, 
and  early  thn  next  morning  paid  his  resperts  to  (bunt 
liochanibeiui.  butwi't'ii  wliom  hikI  tiinisflf  a  iH.-^ting  fricnd- 
shii*  iainu'diati^ly  rmiitneiH'od.  Ilo  also  viNilcil  Adniiml  L>e 
Tornay,  on  hoai-d  !h«  J>ne  de  liom-jrognc,  where  il  Hmiilar 
triemltthip  hiid  tiirlh.  Fcsfivt'  h<)spitalitii!s  were  fceely 
inl<?re]5iiiitrc<l,  "in  the  lunst  Imppy  fnit<?niity,"  and  while 
T«niaiu)iig  lit  Newport,  every  possible  uttention,  on  the  part 
uf  (icneml  Heath,  wna  r^von  to  tho  comfort  and  needs  of 
the  nllics. 


SErRET    AND  OPEN  INSTRUCTIONS. 

BQCHAHBEAC  ASNOUNCK8  HIS  ARRIVAL  TO  WA8IUNCJTON  BY 
LETTEB.-AI^O  NOTIFIES  (  uNGRESS.-LETTEB  KROM  GBN- 
EBAL  I'OKNKI.L.— SI  I'l'MtiS  I'on  'niK  AKMY  ANU  NA\"\'.— Dll 
TAULK  WKITKS  TO  GOVEItSOR  OHEKNB  RELATIVR  TO  THE 
KBEDS   <)F  THE  AKMV. 

UlE    Boerct  infitnieti(in.s  of  the   King,   delivered    to 
Koohjimljcau  beforr  sniHng,   were  comprised  in  two 
Hrticles : 


'•  I.  IIIr  Mnjentr  (lcHir««  and  ordt^r^  ( 'ottnt  dc  RocIiitmbiMiu  to  ivtaln,  aa 
ftr  IIS  ctrciitniilftnur*  Mill  pcrmll,  Ilic  Krcnih  tniops  «i)lniAtcd  to  his  com- 
RiAhd  <^oll«rtei1  tOKfttltrr  in  one  corii*.  ami  Ui  r'-pn'tirnt  oh  prftpor  occ»- 
akms  Ut  (Jpnvriil  U'n^h install,  ComniKDdcr-lD-Oili-'r  of  tin;  tnjopn  of  Con- 
grcsa,  under  wIidhc  ordom  lli«  Frcutli  iroopa  nro  to  >^!PVf,  thai  It  is  Ihe 
Kln^>i  lutcitttoTi  ttiiit  llir  Fronrh  troops  sliotild  not  Ik-  (Ibprrxrd,  hut  that 
tbej  slioulfl  ntw»yH  act  In  n  hndy  niid  nn<trr  French  (icncrnls.  except  Id 
the  out  or  tempornrj'  doiAClimciitA,  which  ai-c  to  rvjoiii  tlte  priticlpal  corps 
In  ■  ttvr  dAy». 

"II.  Hbt  Mnji^sty  inlonda  tlnil  t)ic  rorpM  of  Frvnclg  troops  sent  to  tti« 
AMsUtance  of  tli«  I'uiinrc^B^  of  tlio  Uiiitpd  Stales  of  NorCli  AmvricK,  ftbould 
kvfV  ItK  own  ganrds,  ami  should  perform  all  ISC'  service  hnvlci;.'  In  view 
Its  security  in  ttie  rniupti.  eautonniviito,  or  cjuM-teni,  which  U  umy  occupy." 


su 


RitnnR  idijuuD  in  tub  rkvolution. 


In  LiB  open  instructions  to  the  Cxiitnt,  the  Kin<r  provided 
"  that  tlie  General  to  wliotn  His  Majesty  entrusts  the  com- 
nmnd  of  his  troops,  shonlil  always,  nnd  in  atl  casrs,  lie 
nndor  the  commanrl  of  General  Wrtshinglon  ; "  th«t  all  pro- 
jocts  and  plans  fur  the  cnin[>a)g'n,  or  for  private  expeditions. 
should  he  decided  upon  by  the  Amerienn  General,  keeping 
in  view  the  harmony  which  His  Majesty  hoped  to  see 
hetween  the  two  Command  ere- in-(1itef,  and  the  Generals 
and  soldiers  of  the  two  nations ;  that  the  Freneh  troops 
hein^  only  anxiliaries,  were  to  yield  precedence  nnd  the 
right  to  the  Amorir-an  troops;  that  the  American  officers 
with  equal  rank  and  the  same  date  of  commission,  should 
have  the  command,  and  in  all  cases  the  American  troops 
were  to  lake  the  right;  that  in  all  military  acts  and  capitu- 
lations the  American  (icnemls  and  tix)0|)s  wore  to  he  named 
first  and  sigri  first ;  that  the  French  troops  were  to  retain  in 
all  casei$  full  jurisdiction  and  rijrbt  of  trial  over  every  indi- 
vidual belonging  to  it ;  that  His  Majesty  having  provided 
for  all  the  wants  of  the  troops  who  may  be  sent  from 
Enrope,  it  is  ex[>ot:ted  that  the  strictest  oilers  will  have 
been  issued  for  furnishing  the  necessary  provisions  and 
refreshments  of  all  kinds,  and  the  hor^^s  required  for  traus- 
jKirting  the  French  artillery,  and  that  Iheso  supplies  will  be 
at  hand  wherever  ciixum stances  may  render  it  advisable  for 
the  French  lrooj)s  to  land  ;  and  finally,  "  (hat  although  it  is 
left  entirely  to  General  Washington  to  dispose  as  he  pleases 
of  the  auxiliary  troops  sent  to  America,  His  Majesty  would 
desire  that,  in  case  the  French  division  should  not  be  imme- 
diately united  with  General  Washington,  and  should  be 
detached  for  any  expedition  with  an  Anioritain  corps,  the  two 
French  and  American  general  officers  might  bo  independent 
of  each  other,  whatever  their  rank,  and  act  in  concert  with- 
out either  giving  or  receiving  orders." 


LETTEK   TO    W-VSIUNCTOX. 

With  becoming  consideration,  the  Count  de  Rochamboau 


OITB  FRENCn  ALLIK8. 


n5 


seized  the  OArliost  hour  that  cnuld  bo  epamd,  to  writo  to 
Wasbington,  announcing  his  arrival  at  Newport,  and  explain- 
ing tbo  coiisidci-atiuns  that  upunited  wilti  liim  and  Adoiii-al 
Do  Tornay  to  establish  themsolvus  tLere.     Ho  said  : 

"  BclDg  ordered  by  the  Kins,  my  taustcr.  to  come  and  put  myscir  unilei 
your  continaiul,  [  arrlvu  with  ili«  decpuvt  fo«tluKS  of  submix^loD,  or  z«al, 
and  of  vviientlon  for  your  pcrnon,  eliuI  for  the  distln{pilsticd  tulcnts  which 

yon  [ll.splay  In  ftiipporting  on  crer  momornhle  wiir We  nre 

son*,  str,  under  your  commauci,     .     .     .     and  1  hope  that  in  a  month  wc 

than  bo  n-sdy  to  act  aoder  Vuur  KxcellQiicy's  urdvr« It  la 

hardly  ncc«!*Nary  for  mc  to  tril  Your  Ext'elluncy  that  I  briii«  mifllclent 
fViDds  to  pay  lu  cn»h  for  whatever  Is  cicedtKl  by  tbo  Kiiiif's  army,  and  tlinC 
we  shall  tnalntatn  as  .strlft  dl«ci[>liuc!  n.t  If  wc  were  under  the  tvalla  of 

Patia General  Heath  has  sent  to  all  parC«  of  the  country  the 

newa  uf  our  arrivnl,  of  our  dlHoiphnc,  ami  of  niircoKh  pN]-invnt«,  and  1  do 
not  doubt  th.it  wllhlti  a  few  dnya  we  yhalt  dnd  here  an  abundant  market." 

The  Count  also  wrote  to  Congresfl,  ivliich  occasioned  the 
following  i)Ica3ant  Iptter  from  General  Cornell,  then  in  Phil- 
adelphia, to  Governor  Greene: 

"  The  Prc«idflDt  of  {Joagnms  lately  received  a  lettor  Trom  tho  Count  de 
Rochambcau.  It  waa  exceedingly  polite,  and  ita  contetita  muM  do  the 
heart  of  every  Am^riciin  kooU  that  had  the  pleasure  to  hear  it  rend;  but 
more  especially  If  he  belongwl  to  the  Slatea  of  MaaitaclmNetts  or  Khode 
I»laud.  BeappeiLrcd  to  he  much  plcuscd  with  the  conduct,  uf  the  luUHIa 
that  caiutf  to  his  asslalance.  and  be&towod  on  them  the  b)f:he«l  eiicomlums, 
appearing  to  be  perffctly  aecun-  for  Newport  from  any  visit  Mr.  Clinton 
tolgbt  pleaac  to  make.  The  Sllolster  at  this  place*  appears  to  be  much 
pkaacd  vrlth  the  rount'n  rfpri-H<fntatii>n!>  tu  him.  I  hope  the  people  of 
Rhode  l^lnml  atr  ni4  much  pr<-jiidk-<-d  in  fnvor  of  the  French  gentleiiion  In 
that  pince  as  I  Kin  with  the  MInlater  here.  1  must  coRfeso  If  I  was  ever 
prejudiced  aualnst  the  Krviich,  It  Is  all  at  an  vtid,  as  I  think  It  must  be 
with  every  AnicHcau  who  has  tho  honor  to  bu  acquainted  with  the  Minis- 
ter.  ir  he  can  t>e  allowed  a  true  Frenchman.  To  sf^e  his  polite,  nnalTecied, 
euy  manner  of  addroM,  the  kirithi'eiya  and  abundance  of  good  nature  wtth 
which  he  trcaU  all  ruiikn  und  ordeni  of  men,  his  exceaialvL-  foiidiicui  for 
Amcricauti  km  allien ;  to  mIiicU  uiiiy  b«  addw)  Uie  MKe  and  comfort  evrryono 
eqfoys  thai  has  the  houor  to  dine  at  his  Table,  fk-ee  from  erery  kind  of  cer- 
emony or  fonualliy,  erery  one  left  to  eat  and  drluk  »»  hv  pleaMith.  stay  us 
lone  u  bo  pleascth,  aud  go  away  wbcu  ho  ple&seth.  I  want  nordu  to 
express,  Slid  shall  not  Intrude  on  your  patieocc." 

•LiUerac. 


916  BHOnC  ]aL.\NIt  IX  Tin  KBTOLmOX. 

2it«|iik  were  (luivklv  ttkkeu  to  se^nire  ample  »u|)f>lie$  for  the 
wmo'  wnl  tke  u»vy.  Fi«  this  }mr))U(*»,  agivements  were 
««t«F«<t  ittW  with  Jvkiwh  Bbkelv ,  iiK>n-faau(.  of  Haitford,  O. . 
whtl  (VwkcU  itMrtob.  ilM»Vikltv>r  Jv  la  Nvx^  lo  Auviah  tbe  qiaii- 
tKt,v  ol'  Wvt'  auJ  utMltMt  iM^-«ise4rv  to  ^ut^sKi  ihr  Freaeli  smT. 
ikould  it  KaH.-h  tbie  uuMkber  of  t:f^«^M.i^>  eueti.  ttom  Xoptsu  I^. 
11^,  W  JattUfiurv  U  17^1.  INrovkskw  wac>  a&w  MMtfe  fer 
1,5L>1^coe^  of  wood,  "ami  luort*  if  iiim.-vcw«it '*^ ;  3>j3>^i  tuai» 
of  hii>- :  i$7,l:f^  buc^bi  o£  kmHa:  <>U  tuma  of  :rt;mw  ;  30J»0 
btttJi«Iti  of  luUitui  cvfu ;  T,l::i;>  buuheU  of  oafo>  eCc^ecc.* 
To  atfcur«  a  iMviu{>fi  su|^lv  ^r  au  immediai!!!  need.  H.  (ia 
Tarle.  cbe  X>iret:ua^  i^'uimuibtiarv  aud  bttvudaut  of  cfaa  acmy. 
addrv(>6«d  Uiti  ti>IJi/wiiig  rvt^utMt  to  t.rti«enior  UEmtnu : 

-  Beuoit  JtMiupb  Jc  I'vk.  <  uutailSMU-?  Urdenn-  of  War  and  InusdanC 
of  Uu.  Mo*E  Chribtiiui  Mtuus^y'sarnvr  iMuiiuiunte*!  ttr  Xobk  1«  Coats  tie 
BoclwiubciMi,  tM^ik  lizjkvt:  tu  KprtttMut  to  Hifr  Katxllenvr  tfaw  irOTenor  nf 
tbe  Slate  uT  BbuUfe  IbUuJ,  iluu  a  v«ry  larg*:  'twattty  of  •ttnm  i*  imnwdl- 
atelf  UMicwNU'v  lor  tbu  >«:rvic«  <>r  IjiK-Htwl  CbiiMlaa  >faQ«B<r''»  anar.  tfa« 
Uke  p«nwuu^  eiuployt^  Ii)ik«  iiot  l>««u  attic  uj  uuUect  auy.  at-  che  fiuiMUB-will 
not  at  pKMcut  Uini»li  out  tlitiir  ^raiu ;  m-  tUi*  artltlc  nui»4  lj«  laiiilinrlT 

*tlf  an  aywcinrat  rimda  uu  timul  tli  Uii  ■!•  BxngmiM".  ■'■^5  ->•  I73i^  <■->«•.  >!■  la.'ta* 
w«»  te  fanutt  MM  wnU 'i^  nuwiltOT  «a  "Imk>Lihu>im<.  iHrnch  uwd,"  l.twubamtoufflMr 
oC  tka  tMM'iaality  ivb«itiiiBa  ia  <  na^qtwu.  m.  «;  psr  iMadfMi  IbiWhaca  aHaarria 
oMtB  «aaU;<  "  >Im  wvitttii  'j|'  tIhi  <*1m4>  M  tm  almu  I j.tMi Ibk^"  U  ilw  priOB  uf  taaawaa 
NMlMX-'larul«r>  iwtu-HwiK  I'vr  •;«Kh  puHwl,  KniMili  wrigtat."— iIm  Iqmf  to  life  "wainliMl  with 
tiM  (ital,  Imul,  laUiiw  uMl  •kin,  'hiTpl  Tht>  iMiMoU."  Itia  Iwy.  >u>ia.  ei*.  wm*  io  ba  f^r- 
aialMxi  >w  J«liu  ItkiitiHtB,  -'  ur  '.itcir  ^  iTHwui.  iitEivluuua  "  vvaiktr  ^  >  >k,  HoMtm.  Par- 
nwut  nju  :-j  :*  iiuuli*  '^>  -uini  ja  -it^iivrnai  iu  int;  KirjgV  ■■■-h-""-,  .ii  tlwi  nMe»I'  1-lu  lt*i«> 
:lic  t'JU  III  'ik>. '■!  'cu  ■i«i>;>.  "kcx-u  .-vtie  juu  :iim  ilittuHwn  ibc  t>tuUri  hi  laiiuuii'vra,  ji 

live  111  rfe>.UMl  •  U-tvU  rUUs  Illt  i>UMtti  «l'  'ihU.  .iml  rUItv-IiTt;  iIVIVt  IIiD  (uu  111'  ^IJ».  '~  •IIMV 

lliini  •■(  'bB  ]mi  tu  rw  iu  liiitlao.  "  kl  'Im  i-mb  "I  >i*e  LIvrw  juti  'ire  •uu*  loiuiHii*  t-aato." 
abJ  lUe  Lwiauu:  .jI'  tww-;uir>l«  Id  uiltc  •/(  •  juIibhiiv  .u  i Uiny  •(«>»,  <lnt«B  on  lUc  I'TUMunir 
at  Wax  .n  l**ri». 

lUaMiy  ■null  ltc>.  le  ui.Nui  Httn  i-i  iiUMwii  :,.<•■* cunl^ui'nwd Iu  iliruniof  ni  .^L  fatir, 
laUUiuaut  ul  llH:  Frcauli  dfiuy.  .It  III*  rata  <>l' 'Vcuiy-iin:  livnniiMl  live  mmu  I'HinMtu,  pre 
curU,|iiuda>>iU>tB.-iu«-tliv<i*iullata>  •wi»aliinl«Mll»ul>Acliw>][ruHUn  rtvaMutw m  War 
in  I'ai'u  »t  luriv  day*'  ■•lkI'I- 

In  A  '.-uiUiacfeikw:  H^lt  t>p  Iriimj.  rfiK'liuutifeau.  la:  laitrjitul  l^^itmr,  !i«U  tijBciii»- 
Diitii-c  ^|i|Miiitvii  I'v  Utu  jiuxpwK  i>)  JUMMtcbaMiU*  diiilHwiitn.  ul  Nb«|imc1i  it  nata^ngnl 
aa  :■*=;.   "u>    iKkd   -)ic   :-iiiuiaHu  ntwlr    lutkr  uUk  iiimaHiM  .iMtnilti  ;Im-  -jhw  run  •■> 

lUUIH:}  ." 

Ilni  I'uwt  i-cutwKii  '»iM  >'u«  :)■•  .MM«M  ui  .\*»  Hau^sUiie.  'laMfL'liaimlT  Bagr,  liboUat 
|fuu4ii  iiiui  I  L'uuvcuiiiii  ;■>  .-upyiv'  i<h  )-it4m1i  .irutj  wuli  :1m  iinaMar)'  uriMlnt  lor  uMh 
i(Uk:ti^)<pwuui  tutMaaUBUi;lur>  Iu  Jl.  1*  Incite,  .la  \m  ivUc*  -UltiiJ  JifWyurt,  Ab^uM  ::. 


OUR  FIlENCn  AIJ,IEa. 


217 


oouatAntijr  nirnbhecl  lo  Ihe  imldiers  of  the  armjr,  be  requests  the  r&ror  of 
nis  Excellency  to  liikc  hhcIi  Atcps  a.*  will  oblige  t|i«  Rtrmers  trnmcliiitol; 
to  IhroAfa  oat  tbelr  Rraln  unil  cart  tlidr  stnw  to  Newport,  when;  llu-jf  will 
b«  paliil  fi>T  it  on  dolh'cry  by  thr  persions  employed  lo  supply  the  ■rmy. 


'Newpokt,  AnptislS.  1780." 

The  only  action  of  the  General  Assembly  on  rcpord  that 
call  bt  construed  as  having  rulalioii  to  tlie  foregoing  letter  of 
the  FrciK-h  Intendaut,  is  the  following: 

'■  WlicrosB.  It  la  probabk  that  the  army  of  His  Most  Clirlsttnii  Stajcsly, 
cominan(1c{l  by  le  Comte  de  Kochambeau.  and  also  n  part  of  tho  Amerlrui) 
arcny  will  bi^  r)llart«^^d  lo  tlie  town  of  Newport,  thi>  ensuing  wintor,— 

"It  Is  therefore  rotcd  nnd  resolved,  that  It  be,  and  hereby  is,  recam- 
mrnitcil  lo  Ephralm  Bowi-n,  Jr.,  Kjkj.,  Deputj-l^unrUrmaiiter-liMiprnl,  to 
appoint  a  Burrnck  Master,  to  provide  barracks  for  llie  Rxld  troopx  Imiiiedl- 
ktcly :  BuU  tbnt  ii  be  uUa  rocouimeiidcd  to  btai  to  appolul  Jabcs  Ctiampliu, 
Xsq.,  to  lK»t  omce."* 


PROVISION    FOK  THE   ARMY. 

THB  SICK.— ADOITIONAI.  UOSPITALB.— LKTTElt  KBOM  TAKLK.— 
QOARTEKS  FOR  THE  OrFICEBS.-VEESON  MAN8I0N.-VEK- 
NON  F-VMlI.y.-SC*HOOL  IN  BUI 8TOL.— COMMISSARY  BLANCH. 
AJUJ  IN  BOSTON.-rUEL.— DOI;VlM,K.-l>K.  KHHKAIM  BOWEN. 
—BIRTHDAY  OF  IX)UI8  XVI.--TRAVELS  OF  OFriCEKS. 


3JN  addition  (o  tlic  provision  mndn  for  hospitiiU  by  M.  Do 
^5  Corny  and  Dr.  Craik,  the  State  Ilou-se,  wbidi  had  been 
naed  by  the  British,  the  Presbyterian  moetiiig-house,  and 


U 


•(M.mec.tx..m.ta. 


218 


Rnf>T>E   rSI.AJfD    IN   THE   BKVOI^TTTION". 


privalu  dwelliu^'ts  in  NrwiKtrl,  wero  jip|tru|)rijit«d  to  these 
uses.  The  {nn<tin;j;  of  ihn  sick,  whii'h  wixs  nonrhidtod  with 
great  cn.ro,  ori'iipi^d  fowv  clays.  I''<nii-  hnntlrotl  were  placed  in 
tlie  li<>s[iit«ls  in  Nfwpoil,  (wo  huudroci  iiimI  ci^flily  wen-  sent 
to  the  hospital  &t  Pnpuos<)tiiuh  I'oint,  where  thi^  General 
Assembly  ordered  a  piece  of  ground  to  fw  lent-od  in  for  1  lurial 
purpuses,  and  tliroc  hundred  wero  eonsigned  to  the  hospilaU 
in  Pro^idcnoo.     Ilcsidcs these, one  hniidrod, belong-injir  to  rhe 


^,«i4*;?.- 


.'CtL'ii. 


iU4 


1, -,(f=: 


-.^JM 


SlAll.   IlntlHh    IX    N'LHI-Itlir,   L'Pihll    \f-    \    Itli'il'JIti 


tvgiment  of  liourhoniiois,  woi-c  phired  in  a  hiopitsd  in  Bos- 
ton. The  pIa<;o  of  inteniiejit  lor  tht-  French  soldiers  at 
Newport  wnn  in  the  eiMiinion  Imrial  ^jrimnd,  neiir  llie  west 
fence,  or  witliiri  tilly  (eet  of"  the  .<itme  ;  htil  the  ^Tound,  hav- 
inf^  no  stone  inemorialw,  ha*i  twen  mowlly  occupied  since. 
The  general  otticers  were  buried  in  Trinity  church-yar<I. 

Uneertain  whether  li  campaign  would  soon  be  ontei-ed 
upon,  and  in  view  of  possible  «|uiet  for  the  reMrhio  of  the 
year,  Count  do  l{ochamI)eftU  conceived  the  idea  of  utilising 
the  houses  in  Newport,  Uristo]  and  Warren,  dumuged  by  the 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


21f» 


enemy  M-hile  occupying  the  island.  To  this  end  he  directed 
the  Int«Ddant,  M.  Tarl6,  to  commiinicat*  with  the  State 
autlinritieti: 

LltrriUt   TO   aoVKRXOK    ORCICNK. 

"  Nkwport,  AagUHl  29.  1780. 
"Gkktltuikn  : — Muiid.  ihc  L^ouiit  de  RudiAiulicAu  lias  dc«Ire(l  mt  lo  do 
mjMir  tti«  lioiior  lu  liifuriTi  >ou,  Uiat  altliuuj{li  lit:  due*  not  conaiilei'  tli« 
caropaliru  to  bv  near  ii  coiicluitloiit  and  that  lie  ktHrpii  h\»  jrmy  constantly 
reKdy  to  tuorcli  uiiywhcire  lliat  Uciieml  WaiiUlu;:toD  tibnll  JudKi"  necessary 
for  th«  9ii|»poit  or  llie  coiiHiiuii  Liiti«v,  lie  thinks,  Kt'iiclcKicn,  tliiit  'loUi  wls- 
ilotn  niMl  prudciii'p  dlrl.ile  to  hltn  in  provlik  in  ilttR-  tlio.-e  mentis  ivlilot) 
onglit  lo  bf  iul>i|)i.fil  lo  loil;ie  ids  Lroo|>4  ll^  nooii  aif  Lirriernl  Wti^liin^toa 
■tlmll  nutliurl/.f  hliu  to  order  tliPtn  IntowliUer  mmrters;  and  niU-r  huvhig 
nialurvly  I'xainihL'tl  (Ik-  tuo  uiudeH  lic!  Ija»  (o  vlioui'i*  for  this  purpose, 
vfhetlier  to  pfjicw  tlictn  In  bnrriickti  or  in  i|iiaru-r  iIr-iii  In  Xevvport,  Ilrl.itol, 
and  Wamni,  lie  JiitliteN,  seiitienu-ti,  tliat  iiutuitlitiUiidliic  tii.-*  earucsi  dcslrw 
to  ailnpl  (liv  flrhl  mclhod  na  llie  most  proper  to  inflint[iin  tlie  exact  (Unci- 
pUuc  lie  btui  n(Iid>LlNlicd  lu  lii«  iirtii)',  lie  Itdnkit  1>chI.  ncverlliele^,  lo  pre- 
Ikrtho  MtconO,  ('ounldei'ltit;  tliv  Ix-iii-'flt  lli»t  wUI  nccniv  IliPretVoui  to  tbe 
InlmblliintN  or  the  loHiiM  of  Newport,  ltri^tu)  nnd  Witrrun,  ii«  by  tbU 
Bteniis  tliUM;  liuiises  nlilcli  hntc  lieeii  so  exveedlnmly  daniajtvd  by  the 
English  while  ihey  wi-re  In  posHetiitlou  nf  thli*  iitlnnd,  »lli  be  rcpnlred. 
Tli«iic,  eenllenicn,.ire  the  ^tcnMinent^  or  the  <_'oiinl  ihr  It'M-hiiiiibedii.  should 
clrcumstjtneeit  delemilni'  iti-n^rnl  Wa>hiii;:tr>n  Id  plA(-<-  tbe  French  nrmy  In 
winter  iianrtcrs  at  Khoik'  NhiiuK  mid  be  luis  rliiiri^l  uie  to  eomniunleste 
tbem  to  you,  under  a  Itnn  pervnnston  tliAt  they  wili  t)«  oKr^nblc  to  yoUt 
aod  llint  on  your  port,  fteiilleHieii,  you  will  concur  to  rtilQII  his  desires,  In 
[.aulatluK  hini  hy  nil  the  mcaiin  In  your  jxiwer.  with  wood  nnd  matcrtiils 
Beccssary  lo  repnir  houses  in  Newport  iitid  ilrlstol.  You  are  seii<tiblc,  gen- 
tlemen, or  the  udvanlaj^e:^  the  itdinldlants  oT  these  towohwill  derive  n-oiD 
tbe  propoHod  u-ninf{fnieut<<,  on  whlrh  itnhjecl  the  rouni  <t«  IlocbambeMi 
requesfai  you  to  (hvor  me  UiinieOIntely  with  your  de  term  Inn  tloii  itnd  liilen> 
tiOD*. 

"  I  bare  the  honor  to  be,  witb  great  reefiect,  gentlvinen, 

"  Your  most  obrilteiit  and  nio«t  humble  servAul, 


^ 


Intvndant  de  I'lirui^.** 


220 


TtHODK  ISLAIflJ  TS  Tir«  ItRVOLCTIOS. 


Hanng  lauded  the  troops,  cared  for  the  sick,  and  arranged 
encampments,  the  next  step  was  to  secure  quarters  for  the 
officer  of  (hi'  aiTiij-  tind  of  the  imvy.  The  iicccsiiary  medsnrcH 
were  at  once  tflken.  Count  de  Rochnnibeau  selected  the 
manniou  of  the  Hon.  'Wtllitini  Vemon,  at  the  comer  of  Mary 
and  Clsrke  streets,  and  Admiral  Dc  Torniiy  chose  the  lionie 
of  Colonel  Wanton ,  (iMtt  Water  street.  To  my  helpful  friend, 
Henry  Tbiyor  Drowne,  Ksq..  l*rosident  of  the  New  York 
NutinnnI  Insurance  Company,  I  am  indebted  for  a  copy  of  s 
French  imumBcript  in  his  possession,  containing  a  table  of 
tho  honHCs  in  which  Ihe  French  oflicers  were  entertained 
dnrinjr  their  stay  in  NeM-port.  Of  this,  use  it)  made  on  pages 
221,  ^i2,  and  223. 

ori'ICKIW  OP  TllK  KUCNCU  Altur  IX  AMERICA  UNUKa  TUE 
tX)L'XT  m:   KOt'IlAHIIKAU. 


>I.  iM  ivrnt"  fin  KocliKrabcnu,  Uputmanl 
(linfral,  Cmnniamlnnl,  l>rBtid-4'rolii,  v1(^. 

)t  ittr.i.'fi.tr.\  iiK  (  1MI-. 
I>tn«rui](le  V]oin(«iil1, 
I^  K'otnw  dc  ViDmcBUI. 
L'hCvaltur  tU-  t'liutdlux. 

<)I7  A  HTKKM  A-ITK  lUhi  >  K  X  KJU I- 

31.IJ*IM>n>r,  lirlRHdhv, 
aUH.  tic  VtioHr.  iWftaitr.  eto^ 
Iiouli  Alrxuiiltv  t;!.'/!!!!?!-, 
CUMr  Ik-Tllilfr. 

TNT  KM  I  AX  11). 
t>t  r*Fl>-,  InCciulnltl . 

MM.  .!<■  lir.iin-liiMtl,  I'Tiurlpitl  ami  prcxrlndMl. 

AltTILLKnlR. 

U'AbovllJr,  (.'oLoucl'CotninMtdaiit. 

AIItB8.IIB.t.'AMI>  TO  U.  f'K  IUV'tl.kMIIIUI.'. 
!<•  Coinli'  lie  ri-rwn,  CnjiOiiliii', 
Le  Ccmi*  (Ic  Uunu, 

Le  Bann  ilc  f:^oM^■n,  " 

I>nnuM,  '• 
De  LMbcidifrn, 

D«  VaatMii.  •• 

Albm-lrk-i^AMI*  Ti>  M.   I'V.  VtOHMXtl- 
Id'  I'umli*  <ti'  (linliaii  ■]•■*,  t'^tpllnlnr. 
Im  I'Rtiiti',  Mcutcimut. 
[.e  Clitr.  <l\>lnnur.  Ci^iilalitr. 


Aiiir.A.itK-(-AMp  TO  N.  DB  mxamAJOx. 
UJI.  do  31«Dlrt<iaini. 

I)F  I.TIKtt. 

C010\KLS. 

MIIKHOXMAIS. 

U U.  MnnEiii  ale  La'nl  Montntorvnol, 

I^  Vlcoinl«  de  ItodwaUKau,  Culomtl  m 

1IOYAI,    t>M'\-|-ll.STS. 

KM.  L»  Coralo  '  lirlnllftn  tie  IWiix.I'nnl*. 
U  ('amlc  UuUlAiuuc  de  imXri^otHM. 

UMI*  IMllt-ColODIil )  ■ 
8JVIXTUXOK. 

MM.  U Comlr dc inttlar. Brlcidter, elc. 
Vlcomtc  'Is  tlinrlnw. 

UM.  dfiyBlllI-MvMllV*,*''>''>Dcl.ruiDInillKl*Uti 

l«  ^'IgokiIa  tie  XaBlilca,  fcniLd  Col. 

MM.  [.!•  Itiic  dc  t^iiiuii. 
(  onnlArtliurUUIon. 

AKTH-LKirll^. 

Kkdkl,  l.tFutcuuit-Gdlo'nl.UlrMtMirdu  Hue. 
Dc  LuUr,  Ma>>r  d«  J'^tiMge. 

HU.  l>fMiulfi>iiln*,^'ali3nvl-L'0Rii>iHn<lant, 
De  CJuereiw),  LlputeMoWolonel. 


OUR    fBENCH  ALLIES. 


221 


MM.  Cb.  d'Ogrf, 
('M«vagnr, 
l>'OpIprrc,  CapltBlnp. 
Uaron  de  Turpfn,  Capltiilnc. 

UtliK'AL    t>KP.VI(T»E>'T. 
MH.  (  MlF,  l'hyaicilin.|ii.CI)icr, 
Koblllard,  Sur)tcoD-ln- Chief, 
lt»nre,  (.'oinnilHimri-, 
l>riuari,  llirector  of  tlie  IIuapitHls. 


M.  BoiilajT, 


PAYMAHTEK. 


STAFF. 


UAJOit-oKNKaAL.'s  A  ma. 

SIM,  Chevalier  dcTarl^,  Ueutenant-Colooel, 

Chtv.  dc  31i.'D0Dvlll«,       "  " 

lIl'AUTKBMAaTER-aENBltAL'S  AIU8. 

il.  lA!  Cher,  de  Ituvllle,  <.'apltalDe, 
<.:olloi. 


KTAT  UtX  LUGEMKNS  OCCUI'fiS  DANS  LA  VILLK  ]>K  NKWI-OKT,  PAE 

l/AlIMfcL. 

awe  Ordrtt  lie  Jl'r  Le  Ct«.  tU  ItoehomJjtau,  ptndant  U  Quarlier  iTMver  de  1780  A 1781. 

[m'AltTEBS   Of   THE   KlIENCH   OKKlCEKa   IN   NeWI'OKT,   1780,  l?8l.] 


ifetMitun. 
[.VanM  0/  Offleert.] 


Cbea. 
[At  tht  Houte  c/] 

Will  lain  VenioD. 

(1  uart  crmaiiter-G  eDcral'a  offlcv. 

Joieph  Wanton. 

Captain  Slaudaley. 

JoMph  Wanton. 
Jac.  Rod  Beverla. 


JfUM.      Xot. 

[Stn^t.J 

ttlAKTIEH  tiilSt-RAl. 

Ix  C*t(t  dc  Kochambeau,  Gdn^ral,  Kew  lane,  SOS 

l>eTarte,  Intendant,  Thamea,  2ii 
Baron  de  Vlomesnll,  Hor^hal  de 

Camp,                                                        "  L71 
L«  Cher,  de  Chatellux,  Idem, 

fkUant  l.e8fonctloniid«MaJ'r-Uii'al,  Sprinf^,  01 
Le  Cte  de  ^'loniesnll,  UarMial  de 

Camp,  Thanei,  STi 

Ve  Cholir,  UrlgaiUer,  Water,  ao:; 

ETAT-IIAJOR  DE    l.'ABMliE. 

I>e  Itt-rllle.  Il'ol-Ci'al  dea  Login,  Congreas,    '2V0  Uoaea  LevL 

AlUES  MAU'L  UEK'L   UE8  LOGI9. 

Le  V'te  de  Hochambcan,  New  lane,    303  William  Vernon. 

Collot, 

DeB^iUe, 


I>e  Henonvllk, 
l>e  TarU, 
bobouchrt, 

Iteaandroulna,  Colonel  Comman- 

dant, 
Dg  Qq^'^bpI,  IJru tenant- Colonel, 
l>e  I>a]yi,  M^Jor, 
I)e  Dof  r^,  <'aplIaioe, 
Crubller  d'Opterre,  Ca|  ill  aloe, 
I)e  (iazarae,  Idem, 

Le  Ua'on  flc  Turplu,  Ideni, 
I>e  rinncber,  Lieuleiiant, 


U'AbovlUe,  I  iiliiiii'l  t.'oiiiniaiidant, 
I>e  letter,  Mt^ur  den  Kijiilimgen, 
Haaduit,  Alde-M^Jor, 


llroad, 

3« 

John  Wanton. 

CongroM, 

a» 

UoBea  LevL 

JOll.tlEM.    DE 

L'tSlfASTKRIK. 

Spring, 

UO 

Captain  G«orge. 

ThanieB, 

■JK 

(j  uarternia»ter.Genenl'«  oOee 

■' 

•jlia 

Captain  storey. 

coitrs  iiE  ufjiit:. 

ThameB, 

28 

Colonel  John  Slalbone. 

" 

X3 

Colonel  Ualbone. 

" 

GO 

3In.  Gldley. 

Mill, 

201 

Henry  Ward. 

" 

aw 

rardon  Tilllngbaat. 

" 

aft* 

U                       II 

Thame*, 

13S 

William  <'ogKeaball. 

AllTlLI.ERtE. 

Tlianu-ii, 

10 

JohnOverlng. 

" 

13 

WUllauiGylea. 

•• 

£1 

Idem. 

322 


BHOnE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


Ma$itUTM. 

Aim. 

JVof. 

Cfea. 

[Samu  nf  Qglcrri.] 

[Streelt: 

1 

[^flkeA(NMe<i/'] 

IKTEKIIANCK. 

BlMichud,  Com'rc  dri  gu'e*  ppal. 
DeCorny,  Com.  des  guorrei, 
D«  VUlemtuuy,  Idem, 
G«B,  Idem,  et  <le  L'Artlllrrii^, 

Thames, 

Abrali.  Uedwood. 
Simon  Trine. 

(JuartMinaiter-i.>vi>iTHl'a  vIBre. 
Rebecca  Klder. 

I'KTIT    KTAT    MAJ.    IIK    I.'AHVKK. 

Hullliu,  CaptalD  dei  liuld^i. 

4  'ongn;i<i, 
I-Kf;VOTK, 

■axi 

Mrii.  Mumtbrd. 

De  Koncliamp,  I'n'vol, 
La  PriKin  de  la  Vllle, 

I'lUlll, 

1.V4 
:»5 

■lohn  Uoutmau*. 
Mar;  Plncgar. 

AII>Kii-ll)'>CAUl-    l>li   M.    LK  tTK.    i>K 

VtH  UAJIHKAL'. 

Le  etc.  de  FeriM!!!, 

I^e  U'U  de  Itainms, 

L«CheT'er(le  Lametli, 

Domsi, 

D«  LuiberdUre, 

Le  B'on  dc  CIomd, 

New  laiie, 
Spring, 
Neiv  lituv. 

aw 

Jul 
;tul 

Itubert  Sti'veni. 
•liiwph  Antony, 
llvnrl  I'otltr. 

AlDKH-ItlMAMl' 

LIE  U.  m  U'ux  I>K 

VIOMK.SMI.. 

M.  d'Aogely, 

I^e  Cber.  de  Vlomeimll, 

De  Chabanneg, 

Brlnunean, 

St.  Anund, 

DeFuige, 

Briton, 

Spring, 
TliameK, 

1' 

1.-IU 
lAu 

.Vilam  Kcrgutun. 
Ciold  Manli. 
.Iu)in  Freebudy. 

UoMManli. 
■loicpli  Wenlou. 

AIDKS-IiK-l-AUr    lIK 

M.    I.E  UllKV 

A  1.1  Kit 

I>K    (.:ilATKLM'\. 

De  Lints, 

De  HootMqulou, 

T.ewla, 

ll.( 
in 

.^laclaine  JUkay. 

AII»:iI-L>K-(.'A>ir   l>K   M.    LK  \'tv   i»: 

.    VIIISIKSMI.. 

D*01oDDe,  I'alnf , 
D'Olonne,  le  ceaet, 
StM'^, 

LI.t:wl><,J 
Spring, 

■JTl 

:t:ir 

I'JlwuTd  llsiard. 
M'llliikm  Almy. 

AlIfK-UK. 

l-AMI"    I>K    M. 

IIK  riiiiisv. 

guuuuiii. 

Watrr, 

tMi 

.tur.  lti»b.  Itlvrria. 

AII)&II£-C 

:aui'  i>e  m. 

UK  II  f: 

Vll.I.K. 

DeBdrUle, 

(.'ongrtnH, 

av 

MoM'ii  I.<:ii. 

De  BB(iln7,  Tr<wrier  de  rarm<-e, 

Hnppock, 

;iH 

.■'elxaa  et  l.<-vy. 

Lr.a  vivitK 

?■, 

Dftore,  R^lateiir, 
U Orion,  Calialer, 
Bourgola,  Dlreoteur, 
Dura],  Iiupeotear, 

.Mill, 

Tliiuu<>K, 

Spring, 

l.'ongresii, 

HOl-lTAI.'* 

IS'.' 

Kir 

M'flliuiii  l'ogge«haI[. 
Dr.  Tltllngliast. 
Wmiam  (ilbbn. 
Itoberi  Mlllbrlclge. 

De  Han,  lUgliMMir, 
De  C<ut«,  lit  HMecln, 
KobllUrd,  l(t  Chli^  Mtjut, 
L'aliM  de  Gleinon,  AaroOnler, 

Thaini-ii, 
Uack, 
'J'hamvn, 
Spring, 

iL';i 

»4^ 

.luiiii'ii  Tuylor. 
^Vl[liam  Lliiduii. 
.lamei  !•  enter. 
Willow  Braylon. 

OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


223 


[yawui  of  Ct^cerf.J 
Buret  de  BleeJer,  IKflHeur, 
Lou  It,  B^glueur, 
SiurtiD,  Uardc-UagBBla, 


Ran.    Ko:  Chez. 

IStrtfti.]  [At  Ike  Btnueqf] 

VIVRKS   DB  I.A    VIASDK. 

Spring,         1K8  Johetat  Glbbi. 

FO0RRA(SK. 

Thunei,       U%  Gtdeon  })1smd. 

KFFETs  su  nor. 

I/>n)[  Wharf,  ConatanB  Tabor. 


KKUIHKNS  (\ANTflXXE.S  DANS  LA  VJIJ.E.  M.  5[.  LES  COLONEI-S  KT  OFFI- 


3131. 

I<e  3r»  de  /.Aval,  Colonel, 


KKIt'T    ME     mm  1 1  BOX  X  AIM. 

High,  L'::!  Robinson. 


1^  vie  de  Rochambeau,  Col.  2d, 
Ue  llreMollea,  LieDtpaant.('olon<-l, 
Ue  fiambo,  Ma|nr, 

Xew  lane, 

31111. 

ITIeIi, 

^VI)lIatn  Vernon, 
.loseph  Clark, 
ItobiiiRon. 

KK(['T 

IIK    lE'AL    I1KI 

I'S.I'OST 

'."■. 

I#  Cte.  d«-B  l)viix.]'ont«,  Colonel, 
I<e  <'te.  U'nnie  ilrn  Deux-Pouts, 

Col.  aJ. 
f«  Baron  d'tlzcbeck,  Lleut.^Col., 
llvfprei,  M«for, 

BraatI, 
High, 

401 

<ieorge  Scott. 

Nat  ban  lei  3Iumfonl, 
WUUam  SliU. 
Til  Oman  Vernon. 

llK<iT    UK    NOlSHOSIIiAlS. 

Le  H'lt  de  iit.  Mecniei,  Col'el,                 High,            Wi 
I>eVtedeNoBUIeR,<'olon«l^,               Water,         nu 
IHAoeelme,  Col.  ad.                                    Back,            «W 
lyKipeymn,  M^lor,                                 ciHffln,        M'.> 

MI*B  Colei. 
Thomaa  Robloeon. 
William  Coziena. 
Itohert  Mwton. 

RKfi'T   DK   tt.*IKTON(iK. 

Le  3ri«  de  Cuitlne,  Colonel, 
Le  Cte.  de  f'harlus,  ('ol.  en  ^M, 
l>e  la  Valette,  Lleut.-Col., 
IteFlenrj,  Major, 

Ifirlffln,] 
I'nlnt  itrid((e, 
Water, 
Water, 

ai:! 

Mi 
flfO 
fittS 

■loiepli  Durfey. 
3Ia)or  Hartlu. 
John  Oldileld. 
Jeremie  Clark. 

Sn 

BAT'oS    [>'     AIIXOMNK, 

De  la  Tour,  Lteut.-Coi., 

De  Rnielel,  Chef  de  HriRade, 

Sprtng, 

MINItUttf. 

IS 

ft; 

wmiam  Lee. 
Ja«eph  Tlrodj. 

De  Chaxell««,  (.lief  de  Brig'e, 

Thamei, 

AH 

le  H^or  FalRhlld. 

De  la  Choe,  Capt.  en  9d, 

Thamen, 

78 

Abrah.  Rpdwood. 

VOT.OKTAIRRH    KB    lulUZUS. 

Le  Due  de  Lanmn,  Col.,  pp'd, 

Hufan,  Lieut. -Col 'el, 

De  Schddon,                               Alley 

Thamei, 
au  Xcck, 
I'laee,  Tlianiei 

3)H 
1,  -itt 

Deborah  Hunter. 
3Iad'e  Ilairiaau. 
Juwpli  llalliburtun. 

224 


RllOniS  I8LANI>  IS  THE  REVOLUTION. 


COXrit  DE  I^  HABUCH. 


A/oaJrwrl. 

Aim. 

-Vw. 

CJkM. 

{.Voniei  of  C{flMrv.] 

(SVrftta.] 

UtfUfRpMcVJ 

Lc  Cher.  Ou  Tenwr.  raininaB[Uii.t, 

waier. 

ew 

CdIobc)  WaalM. 

D«  UnnDchaln.  H^or, 

■' 

■• 

•■           " 

Oe  CHpeUU,  aUlc-Major. 

•■ 

H 

••                   H 

IiC  llur««a  dc  U  llkrlnr. 

II 

■• 

•  1                        •! 

Dvctouchw,  rapt,  de  V'aox, 

Walw. 

■27 

Vrininm  Kniwuoil. 

Da  L4trninti«rc,    Idcni. 

M 

na 

>'nuii-lii  Brinli-T- 

|}«  I^inbanl,          Mrrn, 

" 

asi 

ltirUl»pl)c  Towaiend. 

l>e  U  VlootnW,       lilviu. 

■• 

aa 

JohnToinurail. 

Pare  de  U  UwUM. 

«l 

su 

Da  MauIfTfiirr. 

«« 

IW 

Sainufl  JahnMD. 

Imprluwrlp  i1«  Idem 

MX 

Uopiial  de  la  Harine, 

NrwlUf, 

UK 

EietiM  prNbltcvtoDBv. 

Hoplul  lie  la  M'ue, 

MIU. 

IH 

Mn.  Ilu|>hlM. 

Narjr  ArtUlcrIc, 

Wuer,  M  Room* 

et'a  wharT. 

611 

Cmrxc  ltoom«r. 

From  the  pi-ocediiig  list  it  (ippenra  that  eighty-six  army 
officers  were  pi-orulecl  with  hospilJiMo  qiiiirtciN  ontsido  of 
the  sovenil  camps,  while  only  eleven  uiival  officer  took  up 
their  residence)  on  shore.  The  Preshylcriiin  cUurch  and 
the  dwelling-house  of  a  private  fnmily  were  t^lcen  for  hospi- 
tals, and  the  niival  avtillory  was  conveniently  rondezvonscd 
near  the  water.  The  cordiality  with  which  the  oflicera  were 
rec«ived  and  entertained  was  extremely  gratifying  to  the 
Commandors-in-Chief  of  the  army  and  of  tlie  navy,  and  was 
accepted  by  them  .'is  a  precursor  of  pleasant  relations  in  the 
future. 

Immediately  on  being  settled  in  their  quarters,  several  of 
the  French  officers  took  hoi-se  and  galloped  over  the  island, 
to  enjoy  its  scenery  and  to  obtain  a  knowledge  of  its  attraetivo 
localities.  On  their  return,  tliey  t4K>k  tea,  by  invitation,  at 
the  hospitable  mansion  of  John  Wanton,  Kj»i].,  ^on  of  Gor- 
enior  Joseph  Wtuiton.  New  England  tea  drinking  was  a 
novel  experience  to  the  guests ;  and  without  exactly  compre- 
hending its  utility  beyond  its  Bocial  foatiiro,  and  with  no 
decided  relish  for  the  bevorage,  thny  felt  bound  in  politeness 
to  their  hostess  to  swallow  Iho  ofleti  replenished  cups;  but 
tho  capacious  flow  of  the  t-oa  urn  ]>roved  too  much  for  tho 
comfort  of  one  of  the  officers,  who  smilingly  said  to  Mrs. 
Wnnlon.  with  amusing  naivete,  "I  enll  vi-sh  lo  .send  diit  ser- 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


225 


vant  to  hcic  (hcU)  for  hringing  me  so  much  hot  water  to 
drink." 

In  (heir  nimlilea  over  tho  island,  whirh  were  frequently 
repented,  some  of  the  officers  of  nolile  nuik  were  sorne- 
timcd  accompanied  by  "  nmnin^  footmen,"  in  ncccrdaiicu 
with  an  ancient  custom  of  tho  old  nobility  of  their  nation. 


>aJU 


Lm  COHTit  Hi  CVntixk. 


the  ri^ht  to  practice  wliidi  llioy  inhorite*!  fioin  their  anees- 
lors.  Tho  cxorciflc,  as  may  ho  8U[i|io^,  was  scvoro,  and 
dix'w  heavily  on  tho  resen'od  [wwer  of  nuiKcles  imd  sinews. 
On  their  return  (hey  took  hot  |>otinri8,  nnd  retired  irmncdi- 
atoly  (o  bed,  to  recover,  by  free  perspirntion  and  rest,  ability 
tu  repeat  these  demands  upon  their  cndumnec. 

Conspicuous  in  this  gfidiixy  of  offifcrs  were  the  Baron  nnd 
(be  Comto  de  Viumeetnil,  Ijoth  esteemed  by  their  Chief  for 
superior  military  ijualitics;  tho  handsome  Comte  do  Kon>on  ; 


BHODB  ISLAND  IN  THE  BKVOLUTION. 

the  fascinating  Duko  do  Lnuziin  ;  tho  lively  and  imprcssihlo 
"M.  dc  Tilly;  tho  bravo  Comtft  Willtrtra  ond  Comte  Chris- 
tiau  de  Deux-Ponts ;  the  no  lews  bnivu  Viconite  dc  Itocbnm* 
Iionu,  Vicomte  de  Xouilles,  Comle  de  Ptiinns,  hhiI  Comto  de 
St^giir ;  the  observing  Dlancbard  ;  the  act'cmplished  Chcvnlicr 
de  ChaHtellux;  the  Chevalier  de  Lumcth,  and  llie  Conite  de 
Ciistine.  These  enlivened  every  scene  in  whicli  they  partici- 
pated.    No  wonder  (hat  their  resistless  nia^Detlstu  was  felt 


/ 


^%^ 


by  the  gentler  sex,  nor  that  frieadshipa  strong,  tender  and 
enduring  were  in  many  instances  fomied. 

ifiiny  of  these  officers  were  noblemen  of  high  distinction, 
and  all  of  them  were  marked  by  thorough  training  in  their 
profession.  Their  euUnre  was  such  tis  belonged  to  the  class  of 
society  which  they  represented,  and  their  manners  were  at 
once  rcfinad  nnd  fuacinating.  Karoly  bus  an  army  of  six  thou- 
sand men  presented  so  brilliant  an  assemblngo  of  officers  as 
was  then  to  be  seen  in  Newport.     In  points  of  etirjuette  and 


OUR  rREKCR  ALLIES. 


227 


in  grace  of  person  they  left  nothing  to  be  desired,  and  by  the 
hcurtinesfi  wilb  which  tbey  entered  into  the  giiyeties  of  society 
they  gave  a  new  and  delightful  impulse  to  the  social  life  of 
the  town. 

The  Boctal  pleasures  appear  to  have  been  cordially  encour- 
aged by  the  Comma nder-in-Chief  of  the  Fi-ench  allies ;  aud 
to  provide  for  his  own  convenience  in  fpviiiji  receptions,  no 
lc«8  thfin  to  gratify  ihe  votaries  of  Terjiaichoro,  he  caused  a 
building  with  a  lai-gc  assembly  room  to  be  erected  on  the 
grounds  of  the  Vernon  mansion.  Here  courtly  hospitalities 
were  freely  dispensed,  and  within  the  attnictive  walls  was 
often  to  bo  seen  a  joyous  mingling  of  ofticcrb  in  gay  uni- 
forms and  of  Indies  in  rich  toilets. 

Although  evidently  annoyed  by  the  erection  of  this  build- 
ing upon  bis  grounds  without  bi.')ng  consultedr  Mr.  Vernon 
made  no  chai^  for  the  use  of  his  mansion.  A  receipted 
bill  preserved  in  the  private  collection  of  James  E.  Muurun, 
Esq.,  of  Newport,  nms  as  follows  : 

"llts  Most  CiinisriAN  Majrsty. 

"To  W.  Vp.R>f05r,  Dh. 

*'  ITW.  To  dnmaiin  sndtnJnifd  In  !il»  bonso  al  Newport,  H.  L, 
occtipli.'tl  by  Hl»  Excellency  Geu'I  Kochambenu.  vlx., 
Fluors.  Waiiiacot,  HauglitCH,  Paint,  Wlndowi, 
Wiillfi,  MarOle  lIpartliH,  am)  la  tlw  Hoan  iDd 
Itiiiliting  thron;[hout:  T9  be  nude  good  by  tlio 
promise  of  Mr.  c;arnc«  by  agreement,  <50  dolUrs, 
vulijc  In  I..  M.  - 

To  ODc  yetr's  rent  of  ■nine. 


£1S£  0  0 
000  0  0 


Errors  etccptcd,  Ltwmi  Mouey, 
Boston,  IS  December,  1783. 


£IU  0  0 


"  W«.  Vkhno;*." 


On  (be  back  of  the  paper  is  the  following  reecipc : 

"  Rrcvlvcd  Uie  Rill  eoDskterailon  or  tbc  above  account  by  tbe  or(l«r  of 

Bis  Excellency  Oenenl  KochambeaQ. 

"  Wii.  VaiisoH." 

Mr.  Mauiun  tuts  also  in  his  collection  two  flagons  used  In 
the  Vernon  mansion  during  iU  occupancy  by  Count  de 
R<tchanilM'nu. 


22ft 


RTTODE  ISLANT5  IN'  THE  BETOI.UTroy. 


WiUiam  Vernon,  son  of  Samuel,  atid  ){rnm])ton  of  Danlfl.  llie  Hrst  corner 
to  llilti  couiiLry  utiuut  tin-  rt-nr  ICBC,  was  Ijoni  in  Nrwiwrt,  January  17, 
1719,  and  bpciime  one  of  the  most  dlsUn^iulf^iicd  niercliaut«  of  that  town. 
Hlfi  trade  exiruiltil  to  all  tbc  uiafltliiiu  iiuiIod^  of  Euro[>e,  to  the  West 
IntlicTiiiiKltoArrira.  ]  to  was  an  eminent  Whig,  uiul  curly  i.-s()ou»c*l  the  eautto 
of  freedom.  lltHi>xteii»lT«a(NiURliit«nceTTilh  marine  nITiiln  enahledhlm  to 
Impart  vnluabic  counsel  to  C-ongrcss.  In  1777,  that  body  i-loclcd  tiim  one 
of  tlie  Contliu'iglnl  Navy  UctHril,  uT  which  he  was  made  PresUknt, — on 
cilltrc*  liflit  ty  hill)  until  Ihu  board  wils  dissolveO-  lUs  dutlm  recgnircJ  hl« 
coustaut  preseuce  la  Botilon,  where  he  resLdetl  for  a  couiildcrnble  tliav. 
In  common  u-Uh  all  the  Whlsf  of  Rhode  Ishiiii.1,  he  looked  with  iiDxIoua 
lnU.'rc»t  for  the  cominj;  of  ih*.-  Fruneh  alllefl.  On  learning  of  Ihdr  arrival 
At  Newport.  Mr.  Vernon  Rrttlrcssert  the  following  nnt«  to  Admtnil  DeTer- 
Diiy : 

'•  Mr.  Vernon  pre»onl«  hl»  reHpeclful  coni|>llnii>iil!(  to  Mr.  De  Ternny, 
nml  felicitates  tiiin  on  Llie  arrival  of  Hie  Mont  Chriiitiiin  Majesty 'a  duel  and 
nniiy  at  Hhodo  Ibhiiiil.  hopes  the  troops  are  heiilttiy  and  tvlll  »ood  couper- 
■tti  wllb  lho*e  of  the  United  Slsti-s.  in  reducing  our  common  enemy  lo  ■ 
jnit.  sense  of  their  nnreasunnblc,  ambitious  nnd  opprewtlve  views. 

"  'fill-  ljear(-r,  Mr.  Vernon's  .tun,  will  tii;  hnppy  in  hiiving  IL  lu  hl.n  powfif 
of  rendering  Mr.  Do  Tern.iy.  or  any  of  M*  connection,  every  servScc  po»- 
nlhle  that  Mr. will  Hli<nlO-. 


"BtiSTON,  I7th  July,  ITSO." 

With  Connt  de  KochatnlieftU  nnd  his  son,  wllti  the  Vlscouut  do  Nuaillcii. 
and  with  other  principal  olTlecra  of  the  French  army  and  nnvy,  enduring 
fHeniUhip-'*  were  rirmml.  During  the  war  Hie  tosses  of  Mr.  Vernon  were 
heavy,  nud  were  calmly  born«.     Of  those  ho  says  : 

"  Mttnimon  Is  no  idol  of  mino.  If  we  eittnblish  onr  rtKhts  and  IU>ertlcs 
upon  a  Arm  and  hiAtlng  basis,  ou  the  winding  up  of  tbis  lil«o<ly  contest,  I 
am  tiontent;  ullhoiigh  1  own,  if  t  couUI  come  At  the  property  our  cnenilea 
arc  possessed  of  helonglug  to  me.  It  would  lncrca.-i«  the  pleasure.  I  do 
Hssnrc  yon  it  is  no  Ims  a  sum  than  twelve  tlionsand  ponnds.  sterling,  at 
least,  besicl<rs  my  real  esLstc  at  Newport ;  yet  I  can  with  triitli  say,  il  never 
broke  iny  rest  a  nmineut," 

Mr.  Vwnon  nnl  only  nave  his  servicea  nx  President  of  the  Nary  Board 
gratuitously,  but  he  ndvnncvd  large  anms  to  the  government  that  »-er«  only 
lu  part  repaid.  l>urlnB  Uie  French  war,  Ln  17&8.  Mr.  Vernon  lost  seven 
ve»Mc[s  ijy  capture;  and  In   1775.  fiir  Juincs  Waltnce  seized  his  brlii.  the 


OUR  HIKKCH  ALI*IBB. 

■•  Rofal  CIiHrlotte,"  wblte  »li«  vns  In  the  harbor  of  Newport,  took  lier 
rouiiJ  to  Uo<>tuu,  nml  coullncated  ber  c»rgo.  After  the  ctose  of  tlw  war, 
Mr.  Vernon  coiitUiacd  to  vngagu  l"  cninmerclal  cnlcrpriscs.  ilc  look  an 
acllre  part  In  ciHahUKlifiiit  a"  Insurance  oOJcc  in  Newport.  He  was  one  of 
th«  roonders  of  tlic  Newport  Hunk,  uiiJ  of  the  Newport  Arllllerjr  com- 
panj.  A»  a  member  of  the  Secoml  ronffregntJoniil  Society,  miU  a  liberal 
cootrlbulor  Ut  lU  KiippoM,  the  pnator.  the  Kev.  Ur.  SIIIcb,  fouiiO  In  him  a 
valoahle  co-laborer.  A»  a  frien.!  to  education,  especially  In  lt«  clnsslcol 
depnrtinenUt,  lio  cxcrtetl  himself  to  proniots  the  proitpcrity  of  ITlncclon 
Collese. 


i  u"'"ffl 


'?       Ji 


■m 


^i^ 


11 
■J 


Vrrxox  Maxmux,  Koi  iUMaii:At*»  tjrAKTUui. 


Mr.  Vernon  married  .Iiidltli,  duii^htcr  of  riiUlp  ITarn-ood,  oni]  jtrand* 
tlanj;htcr  of  GuTLTnor  Waller  Clurke  nod  Goveruor  John  Cranston,  of 
Hhoale  Inliiml.  Ily  he r  hi:  iLitt  thrro  Non«-  i^inniiel,  burn  May  :^9,  1757; 
Wlinmn,  bom  March  fl,  1750;  iiikI  Philip  Ilarwood.  born  April  3,  ITCI.and 
died  AusuflSt!.  t;C3. 

Mr.  Vernon  vcx^t  a  man  of  coinniandlnj;  presence  and  ofcoortly  tnannert. 
He  (llled  honorably  a  wide  spaee  In  public  and  private  llfr,  and  died 
revered,  December  SS.  I80C,  IinvInK  attained  ihe  age  of  nearly  81  years, 
nis  wllbdlcd  Aiigudt  -i^,  i:i;2,  nemi  Lhlrly-elfffal  yearn. 

Bninuel  Vernon,  ihn  eUk-xt  «on,  msrrietl  Kllznbctli  .limy.  tUiu^hter  of 
rhrlstopher  and  Mary  (Venmn)  Kllcn-.  Ilr  t>crfln>e  an  emh>i>nt  merchant 
In  Newport. ami  riiii;!hl  Mil  volniite<T  noiler  (ienernl  Sullivan  nl  ibebattW 
of  Rhode  Ulnut).     He  was  the  (Either  nf  Leu  children. 

William  Vernmi,  the  necoud  son,  died  (inmarrled,  lu  1M3.  lie  vrta  cdn- 
v«t«1  at  Prtiiccton  CoUege.    He  wax  n  man  of  courtly  inanocrs  and  of  fine 


230 


nnODE   IST>AND   ra   the  HEVOMITION. 


le^tbcllc  tastM.  Pot  monjr  jetn  be  wis  Setrctur?  of  the  Kcdwnod 
Librarjr  111  Nfwporl,  lie  pasoi'il  (:oiii>Uk'iiil)l<?  lime  in  Pari*,  noil  wn»  A 
coiiHtnrit  fiTid  fnvored  gacsl  ut  the  court  circles  oT  LouU  XVI.  WKlla  In 
I'lirls,  lie  mnilG  n  vaUntblc  collection  ot  dCiy-twa  oil  paLutlugs.  His  man- 
ners  were  so  complutdy  French  UiiU  one  dny.  during  the  "rclKO  of  ter- 
ror," he  ivoolrt  have  hcpii  linnze^  liy  a  frenzied  mob  had  he  not  l»vii  rcc- 
o;;nlzed  lij  a  Frciichmon  wlio  knew  1dm,  atid  who  osstiired  It  that  ho  vt&a 
an  American  by  birth  and  cltiwoshlp. 

A  BeneuLojjy  of  Ihu  N(*nport  Vi-riiiioK,  prcpantl  by  Harrison  EII«ry, 
Em|.,  of  B'l'^ton.  w«s  published  In  the  NewKtiKliiad  HUloricalnnO  Oenoa- 
Inglenl  Reglsttr  fur  July.  1879.  This  lias  been  repiiblliilicd  In  "Kliode 
Maiid  ilLHlurlctil  Tnict;*,  Ko.  17."  lt<s\.  Otic  only  of  the  Vernon  niiiilty  Is 
known  to  have  been  a  "I^ynllst."  vli:.,  'Ihoinas.  a  nephew  of  WllUum. 
)Ie  was  lloyal  PoMniastcr  at  Newport  from  I7i^  to  ITi2,  ntid  fur  twenty 
ypnm  held  tlie  olllee  of  Kealstmr  of  the  Court  of  Vice  Admiralty.  U1s 
private  cliarnctcr  wtis  pure,  but  hl»  pollliciil  ofllllaiioiiii  wvre  OfnUiat  hliu. 
Be  was  banlHlird  from  Newport  by  act  of  the  Generul  AsiH^mbly,  but  after 
an  nh^tiiL'e  of  about  four  months,  wax  permitted  to  return.  An  Intvrestlns 
diary  kept  l>y  Mr.  Vernon  dnrin^  bii*  biLiiUhniei)it  makes  the  body  of 
"  Hliode  Inland  Trncts,  No,  13  "•  Broken  in  fortuno,  Mr.  Vernon  died 
without  Usue,  May  1,  1781,  lu  the  sixty-slxtli  year  of  Ills  opi;.  Ills  tlrsl 
wife.  Jam:,  dauslLter  of  John  Brown,  nierctiaiit  of  Newport,  died  April  36, 
17(iS.     His  Hccond  wife,  Mni7  (llnrclinj  Menrit,  dictl  In  Anfiuat,  17117. 

.Samuel  Vnrnon,  son  of  Wllliiim,  mnrried  Miss  Betsey  Kllory,  Of  her, 
this  IneiilcDt  is  related:  "  During  the  gay  Fi-encIiraen'soccnpatlonofNew- 
port,  a  KHllant  yotiii^  Krench  Snrgeon  paid  MIm  EUery  polite  attentions. 
Soon  arter  her  marrUjje,  In  ITdl,  she  recelced  from  Paris  an  envelope 
oddre.<»ed  to  her  In  the  hnud-wrltiu^  of  the  young  ofllcer,  but  contaluins 
only  two  leaves,  a  withered  one  and  an  overBrecn." 

Tlic  Arms  boriK?  by  the  Vernon  fiimlly  In  Aitierka  corrctpond  with  those 
of  the  noble  family  of  Vernon  In  Kng:l.ind,  vii:. :  Ur  on  a  fcase  at.  three 
garbx  of  the  Held.  Crest,  A  denil  ('pri.>  .MTrontrc  ppr.  vested  vert  hold- 
ing tlirc'o  ciirs  of  wheat  over  her  left  ahoiililer  or.  and  In  her  right  hand  a 
sickle  ppr,,  handle  or.  Tliesi*  Arms  nre  necurded  by  Burk«  to  represeuta- 
tlres  of  Kluliard  de  Vernon,  who  accompanied  William,  the  Conqueror,  to 
Et];iland,  and  who  v/as  created  by  Hugh  Lupitt  baron  of  Shlpbrook,  county 
of  Chester,  t 

At'coiding  lu  Mr.  Ellcrj*,  the  V'emon  ffliiuly 
"iaone  of  our  fow  fumilies  wlio  have  alwnys 
lieen  (iI)Il'  to  tnioe  the  use  of  coat  itrnior  to  tlieir 
Knglifib  ancestors."     The  Amis  herewilh  given 


•  »(i»Bl«o"RnmliilMMic«  of  Tliomu  Vemon.  ui  Ainecicau  Lciya]lfl.'"l>j' Tlioiiiat  V«r- 
BOD,  AltsmcT  Bl  Lftir.  Nrn  Voric,  tiBO. 
I  EIlvTj't  %'criioti  KbiiiI1>. 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


231 


arc  copied  from  an  imprcseiioii  of  a  seal  ring  becjticatlied  to 
Daniel  V«moii,  of  North  Kin^town,  hy  \\h  hrotbor  Samiiol, 
of  Ijondon.  For  the  (ise  of  this  engraving  and  for  other 
HL'Coptablu  favors,  I  am  under  Gbligaliuas  tu  Thomas  Ver- 
non, Esq.,  of  New  York. 

The  news  of  the  French  alliance  was  received  with  great 
dulight  b}'  Mr.  Vernon.  Writing  to  Ur.  Fninkliu,  describ- 
ing the  [os.^  of  ftcreral  American  vessels,  He  adds : 

"Am  ire  nat,  d»r  air,  compoosntocl  lu  llioso  losses  by  tbc  glorious  tm- 
tlM  of  Dlllanro,  nf  amily  (ind  cnitimirrce.  wtitch  were  cxt-rutcd  on  the  Gth 
of  Ftb'y  IttstsL  Paris,  aud  UDanlniotiNly  niUflcd  hy  Congress  mi  tlx;  4Lh 
litAt.?*  I  itiiuk,  sir,  tlivy  nrv  iija);iiuu<iiiouif,  TutiiKkd  tn  our  Imclcpewjencc, 
vqunlity  aud  rcclfiraclty,  upon  wtjlcli  I  most  uiDcvrcly  <:ou(fmtulitlo  yuu 
UK)  our  nppreascil  coutiLry." 

In  December,  1778,  William  Venion,  Jr.,  then  just  grad- 
uated from  Princeton  College,  sailed  for  France  in  the  frig- 
ale  "Boston"  in  company  with  the  Honorable  John  Adums. 
He  carried  a  letter  of  introduction  from  his  father  to  Dr. 
Franklin,  in  which  ho  Btiye : 

"  ir,  upou  rccullcctlon,  It  eliotilti  occur  m  your  iDlnil,  that  llils  youth  Is  a 
nrnmlMin  of  your  old  ncr|ualntance.  5.  Vernon,  Ksi].,  ot  Nunport, 
(slllioUElti  Acml  forty  ycArn.)  it  will  ftilinncc  ttic  fVI(>n<Uhtp,  and  your 
notlc«  of  Ibis  youDg  )icDilcman.  I  may  prtsumc  tMs  vrittiout  Hrrogance. 
from  yotir  untrcrHal  liciieficcncc ;  Utrrvforc  inu»t  hope,  wUtli  ond  pray,  tliat 
be  hnth  .ind  will,  ft'om  time  to  time,  rect^ive  suc-h  adiric«  niiJ  inMtrncLlona 
fhiin  his  frleuds  lu  Frnucc,  lis  will  »riinulnte  lo  vlrtu«,  honor,  kuonlcd^e, 
aud  uU  U)o  useful  graces  auU  DccoDip1i»bDK-iiti«  ueccc^nry  to  fttriii  u  niliid, 
aud  Ax  such  priaclplcs  Un  social  life  and  public  nHcfulueaa,  as  nlU  be  per- 
manent." 

In  December,  1780,  Count  do  Eochnmlwau  visited  Bos- 
ton, and  called  at  the  lodgings  of  Mr.  A'ernon  to  pay  his 
rcspccta,  but  the  tatter  being  absent,  the  Count  failed  to  ace 
bim.  Writing  tu  his  &ou  Suuiiiel  at  Nenport,  he  su,vts :  "Yuu 
will  do  well  to  make  my  excuse  to  the  Genend.and  at  the  same 
time  present  my  resjwctful  oompliments."  Of  the  Toties, 
he  eava : 


•Mar 


«VC>>  W  MM,  %lktb  htlw>   OouAt  !>C  ^-vltAV^  to  Owit  ^sMBflMk      I  Utt  T^niDklKiI 

^^  iAvm  «iv  i«v4k  vwiM-Tv*^  »1  >iifiiBtf>.>r«.  iHM  '^■^  %>fcr  ^tytt  'JVcatKim  of 
uyJiXi^t/t/  m;«^A'>  M4J;.-<lu\t.' 

'Wts -^**t*i  ■^•'i*".  ^H*  -^.*"  -'Uwt.  ".:-*»*•  th>  i-rrllltA;  't  :'UttM  xiiliitra,  :1; 
■4f- -.t^^  i.«Hiv  ni<,  -•^•-  '\r*'f-  «»"  **r.  wuu***!  ^fu  -«».*»  *-'.:  wnwa  lUci 

m>'.'  Wiwai***^: '  **  ***■  *•**"  "***•  *-  *^  n*t;  -*»w  »w»^  tv.\*^  AMiMi  ,*.*r,  m^U 
lj^)i^»<ifjr.  M  it#::'-Mn^  >Mr<  m.  »Ht<i  ««:  imt«n<  «:*-  ^rritut.  ::  vrrMi  I: 
'W«>«i4f.-'«^frac  **   >:      cor'    «<rMt.        TliH-^nvM,   >M>    TMU;    iKtcrMllh. !»«. 

JAWr)'.t^i-ViM*if»^'  »Hi..  ir.«.--u»..v*l.-rt':  n.  w»^-M*«fv.  trt-  te-.trt«.-<4-  ~tii>:nlUier 

"St't^ii*,  ^,-  >f*xU    rtr,    OS    tnili     i    ^r.i-  lo»s.('..  I;  ^■jIIl:.  i^vr; 

\pi,  '•!^ii^r#»ov.*;n«Mi    -ft     ^fff-     ?.' '  ■■j-.jnisivi'.      •■>       \.     I  Jj.Ti.'ia?>     trii 

:^?l*(iU\'WW*'K«'**>5l;i');h.cti.4iavv,    •.lir.iviiin'.i.itVif'JOT.-l  '  '■'    "(ifr- 


OUR  FRKNCH  ALLtRS. 


2M 


siintiiinclctl  by  trees.  The  (MtinincmeHt  Bn<  jiwiriiia,  iicnr 
treoa  and  chcny  trees."  ITe  and  liis  companions  lived  on 
fjood  terms  willi  the  |KK)pIr  of  Jhe  nei^rhlHirhowl.  Tbey 
were  iiffiihle,  well  rliul,  clciinly  and  t»ll.  'J'hc  woTiicn  enjoyed 
the  Mm©  advantagCii,  had  fair  skins,  and  were  genorally 
l>n,'tty.  The  hovines  were  as  hnndsomc  as  those  of  Poitou, 
Hiid  the  cows,  though  not  stabled  at  night,  were  free  milkers. 
The  needs  of  tlie  sirk  IJouHjoiinHin  in  Boston  were  not 
overlooked,  and  Conimissarv  lilnin-hiinl  was  diroHcd  to  visit 
them  and  set  in  order  the  ho&pitnl  thai  had  l>een  hastily  pro- 
vided lor  their  use.  Ho  made  this  journey  on  hoi^elwick, 
Bccompiinied  by  ft  Hessian  drugoon,  who  had  been  in  the 
British  service.  Bhinchard  was  thon  unacqiminted  with 
English,  but  hoth  he  and  his  servant  spoke  Lntin^  and  as 
the  latter  also  spoke  English,  he  made  a  very  iisefnl  inter- 
preter with  the  peojde  of  the  eountry  on  their  jonnicv.  At 
Providetiee  the  Commissary  dined  with  Mr.  ]>>on.  a  FriMieh 
mcn-lmnt,  who  gave  him  a  letter  of  introduction  to  M. 
Adolph,  his  Ilostnn  partner.  His  horse  being  tired,  a  small 
carriage  was  ]>rovided  for  him,  and  the  journey  was  <*on- 
tinued.  Passing  the  night  nt  an  inn  about  fifteen  miles  from 
Itostun,  he  airived  in  that  town  the  next  morning  nt  nine 
(•'clock.     He  say* : 

"  I  got  down  It  M.  Adolph'a,  who  received  roe  very  well  nod  oflfcred  nw 
a  room,  nlilcti  [  nccrptrO.  t  had  inyitt-lf  tnkrn  linmc<]inU-ly  m  tlic  lioiise 
of  Mr.  Botvdoln,*  th«  president  oT  the  Bmiioii  coinmUtve,  to  whom  I 
handed  M.  de  Kocbauibvuu'a  Iclter  atiO  imoilicr  which  bud  been  eutrasiml 
to  me  by  M.  DoCurny,  who  wns  ao^uihiled  wlih  bint  nnd  hitd  bvvu  very 
Intimate  with  him  when  he  was  In  Do«U>n.  I  had  a  Frenchman  with  iiic, 
an  an  Interpreter,  railed  the  Chevalier  dc  Lux,  who  calk-d  hlD)!)«'tr  nn  olll- 
ei?r.  Mr.  Bowdoln  caused  the  committee  to  1>«!  ««»emblwl,  agrvcaWy  to 
Ihe  Gi'imral's  k'ltor;  wkI  In  the  cvenlnn  ho  sent  id«  «ii  answer  wliidi  I 
litiiocdlaldy  forwarded  to  M.  dti  Rodiniuhcuu ;  It  was  ftrorable.  aud  ocdvrt 
had  been  given  Tor  Ihc  inlltlin  to  ropalr  tmtnodint«ty  lo  Kbodc  Islaml.  Oil 
the  S8tb  1  aaw  Mr.  Ilowdoln  again.  In  company  with  M.  de  Cflpt.-lll«,  who 
had  arrived.  He  Inrltcd  ua  to  eomc  In  the  evening  lo  take  t^a  nt  hLi  hnoiu*. 
We  went  there ;  the  tea  waa  aerved  by  hia  daughter,  Mrs.  Temple,  ii  beou- 


ao 


■iSpi-ll  Hrlil'lnli)  III  thcnrlRlliBl. 


234 


RnOKR  ISLAM)  IN  THK  KKVOl.UTION. 


tlfbl  irumaii.  wIiohc  htiKtiantl  wah  a  Tory,  Uiat  in  lo  »ay,  appostfid  to  the 

Revoliilton;  lie  had  ovon  It-a  Aiinricn  nml  ko'ip  I"  EnKlaml.  Mr.  Bow. 
(lolii  \\im  a  very  liikndsoruc  boUM>;  be  U  n  woilthj  niiin,  au<l  ix'Kiit^cluil  In 
bis  country ;  he  is  dfi^cniiilril  fVom  n  FruncU  re(ViBce  .mil  bis  nninc  pro- 
clainiN  It,  He  rx'cplved  us  polltclj',  nnd  hiid  n  very  nohW  buirloj;.  I 
ought  not.  to  rorst-l  \hM  lie  itdd  mv  tbnt  1  rcscmhlod  Krunlilln  when  be 
was  yovnjt.  On  tlio  saitic  day  we  went  lo  Mr.  Ilnncoi-k's  l)ui  he  was  hIcIc 
Will  wc  were  not  able  to  »v«  lilm.  Thijt  Mr.  Hancocli*  U  one  of  the 
aalbora  or  th«  Revolution,  lut  also  is  tbi^  doctor  witb  ivbnin  we  brcak- 
fkitted  on  the  2i)th:  be  in  a  tu[ii)NU>r  who  necined  to  me  to  be  n  inan  of 
iDteUlgence,  Hoi|iient  and  entbuNlastlct  He  lias  raucb  Inllucnce  over  the 
Inhabitants  oT  Bostou.  who  arc  devont  and  Pr«8byi«rliin»,  imbued,  gener- 
ally, wilti  the  prinei^k'.t  o(  Crdin^'eirs  piirtfttHtiA,  ffum  whom  they  are 
descended.  Tborerorc,  they  are  more  flttnehed  to  Imlependfncc  than  any 
other  class  of  people  in  America;  and  (t  was  Uiey  who  begau  the  Kevo- 
lutloa. 

"  Dnrli)j{  my  nlny  Id  Boston,  I  dhied  at  the  house  or  a  jouur  American 
lady,  where  M.  de  CajielltK  ludjccit.  At  Newport  we  bad  aeeu  her  sbter 
and  bar  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Carter,  an  AiisCu-ARicricnn,  who  had  come  to 
Hiipply  provktlODK  to  our  amy.  Il  i.i  a  great  coiilrnsl  to  our  manners  to 
see  A  yonns  lady  (sho  was  Iwonty.  nt  the  most)  lodgLuj;  ind  entertaining 
a  youn^  man.  t  thnll  certiiinly  bsve  occnaion  to  explain  tbc  causcti  of  this 
singularity, 

"The  city  of  Boston  aeennMl  lo  me  as  large  as  OrleaiiB,  not  so  broad, 
periiaps,  but  longer.  It  iii.  Ukvwise,  well  built,  and  displays  an  Indescrib- 
able cleanllnesa  which  Is  pluaAln^;  moat  at  the  bouses  arc  of  wood;  some 
ore  of  stone  and  brick.  The  people  seemed  t«  be  In  <».ty  circumstances. 
Nevertheless  the  shops  were  poorly  stocked  with  goods,  and  everything 
was  very  dear,  which  ri^sultiMl  Troiii  tine  \v«r.  Tlii'Ir  bookstores  hart  hartlly 
anything  but  prayer  booki;:  an  Kngli>ih  and  Fn-nch  dictionary  cost  me 
elRht  tools  d'or.  I  saw  ou  the  slijns  oflno  shops  tiie  unnie  of  Blancbard, 
wrttleu  like  iiiy  own,  oiiu  Caleb  Bluiiehanl,  the  other  John. 

"In  general  we  were  verj'  well  received  by  the  RostonUtis,  we  exhibited 
macb  iDtercst  In  thom  and  made  ihem  undert^tnnd  huw  much  the  Kinfc  Telt 
for  lliem  ;  wc  mentioned  a  .ip^ech  n(  htx  to  ihem.  on  thU  subjeet;  he  said 
to  the  Count  of  Bochnmbeuu,  who  was  taking  leave  of  bini  that  he  rec- 
ommended the  American!!  to  him,  adding.  'These  are  my  real  nlllM'; 
which,  d<niblU-«s,  meant  that  It  wan  1.«>hIb  XVI.  IduiJieir  who  had  made  A 
treaty  of  ullUiui:c  with  I  hem.  wliUet  the  treaties  with  Dlbcriillieif  dalwl  from 
previous  relsus.  Ouslit  I  to  mention  that  M.  dc  VolnalB.  tlio  Coiisnl  of 
France,  faaviut;  taken  tue  In  hb  coach  alunif  with  M.  de  Capcllln,  over- 
turned u»  at  the  comer  of  a  nloplng  strcot?  It  waa  u  very  high  and  open 
rnrrlflge,  a  kind  nf  whisky,  so  that  we  were  thrown  upon  the  pavement, 
and  to  a  considerable  dUianco.     Fortunately  we  were  not  In  the  least  hwrt, 


t^poU  Auciiubi-  lu  fli«  otIkEubI. 


|TIh'  Km.  Dr.t'iMKr. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


sas 


«x<;«|ititig  the  Conaol,  wbo  Ml  upon  a  nouud  irhtch  h«  lind  received  a 
short  tim«  before,  nbilat  Ofditluif  ntlui.-)  with  miotlier  FrencliDiBn;  fur  Ii« 
wu  a  tnuislaycr,  my  ftte  tidag  to  nicot  them  cTcryvrhtrc.  This  one  wiw 
a  good  rellow,  bnt  not  very  well  artiiptMl  Tor  the  pnat  which  be  Illlcd. 

"  M.  de  CApdIid  iiid  I  k-n  Boston  on  the  SOUi  IJalj]  nnd  .ilept  at  I'roT- 
Idcnce,  which  in  itUUut  Ibrty-llve  tiilleit,  that  hi  to  any.  about  flnecn 
leagues.  The  riMti  i»  plcaiuitit,  wc  patseil  through  itume  woods,  where 
there  an  some  pretty  hmidHOtoc  o»k».  They  appeared  U»  me  to  tws  or  a 
different  spvclvsi  fVotn  oari);  their  tear  Ik  Ur^jbr  and  tb«  hark  Is  not  «u 
einoolh.  Wc  And  alfto  some  pretty  handsome  rltlngw,  atid.iu)  It  was  Sun- 
day, we  coRtiniiaJly  met  people  who  were  going  to  the  temple  or  rcturMlnj^ 
flrom  it,  most  or  them  in  ll^ht  carrlaKcs,  drawn  by  a  aingle  horac.  Thero 
are  hvt  luliabllaitliK  In  tliix  part  or  thr  iroimtry  v(\m  do  uol  own  one,  Tor, 
without  belnt;  rich,  they  are  In  easy  clrcumHtances.  Thi;y  cultivate  tb« 
Nirtli  themflclvr,-*,  with  the  help  of  some  negroes;  bnt  thl^!<e  eatatee  beton;: 
to  them  ami  ihcy  are  owners.  We  also  met  aontc  provincial  AoMlera, 
who.  Ui  nliedl4-nrc  to  tlic  order*  thnt  the  IkinCon  committee  bad  sent  to 
Itieni,  were  repairing  In  crowds  to  Newport,  where.  In  Icm  than  three 
days,  there  would  have  b««n  more  thnn  four  thousand  of  them,  it  there 
liad  not  been  u.  coiiiiCcrmitiiO,  upon  the  iu(^nuatlou  which  we  received  thai 
ws  would  not  be  attacked. 

"On  the  Slat  [July]  we  started  fbr  Newport,  wherv  we  arrived  on  the 
flame  day.  Thera  wen  t«ii  good  leases  and  a  rfcrry  aometlmes  dlOlcuU  to 
cross." 

Fuel  was  a  prime  iiectl  of  th«  Krciicli  :irniir",  nnd  At. 
BInnc'hnrd  applied  himself  industriously  (o  proetirc  it.  At 
Fftwtuxet  he  ptirthnscd  of  a  Mr.  Harris  b  lurire  qtianlity  of 
6taiidin<^  wotiil,  nnd  svi  titty  soldiers  to  eiittiitg  and  cording 
it.  This  was  tiaiispurted  to  tho  scAbonrd,  where  vessels  of 
the  8(]Uitdi-on  li»d  come  to  receive  it.*  Iii  this  viUago  he 
made  the  acqiiaintjinf^e  of  M.  Pierre  DotivjIIe,  a  C'anadi^^l, 
andaLieutfuaut  ia  the  Ameriran  navy,  willi  whom  he  dined. 
He  had  been  under  D't^taiiig,  and  had  also  been  employed  by 
M.  De  Temay.  *'  He  was  of  great  osc  to  mc,"  mys  Hhinch- 
ard,  "  for  Uie  wood  <:uttiiig  which  was  etitmsted  to  me."  t 


■It  aMauaUil  tu  %«M>  ranlf. 

t  tJoutviiatil  Ihwria*'  niAtiltil  *ikI  m-II1«iI  ia  rawluiH.  wticrv  hn  w»*  IwM  la  niMli  «•- 
tMIB.  Il«  df4<l  o<  W'Uiuli  nm'linl  lu  n  trri-rr  Bavnl  cligitKvuitnl  In  JiWC  KM.  UU 
iDHialBtWDiwlMorTril  >■  air  Wtn  lliin loC '■>'"<"•*.  Olid  wtrrnllcnrnnbrxhitmnlaail  rrln- 
taffBdtNMwin  I'oinf  CemrlrT?.  Ttii*  gmt  I*  uiarkrJ  l>]  u  triaairut'i''  |iyrafliMal  HMBU- 
nteai  uf  whit*  marlrfi'.  bntrias  llw  (ullifwlag  iii>ciI|HIuu  : 


236 


BBOPE  ISLAND  IN  THB  REVOLDTION. 


Slioidv  lifter,  he  writes  : 

'•  I  dlued  at  Prorldence  with  Dr.  Bowen,  n  pliyslclnn,  und  a  respectable 

nitl  iiiati.     rif  sniil  grnci!  liefari'  sltilng  down  to  Mhle;  he  awmed  belov* 
And  respected  liy  liin  numerous  rainily,  aitd  ttiiil  llic  sl^lc  and  manners  of  a* 
[Mtriiirvk,*     I  a)mt  (lilted  rr«(|ii«ull)r  ttt  Lbe  liouse  of  Mr.  Itonker,  a  incr- 
chant  born  Id  Eu^laod,  but  far  a  long  ilmo  wttlod  lii  Atucrtcii." 


•rMltorii  111  CM]«d&,*«uI]]cet  uf  llir  Klag  iif  t'raiKW.  Mv  *v(llrd  ta  I'mrttlmr*  u  ■  wm^ 
«li«nr.  JuHlnrwcdMk  Lkuli^UBi  in  the  AiutriOkH  X«vr  durinsiEie  WarorimlrpMKloDw; 
Hllrr  whficli  tj4!  <nii  rrdkll-nl  hj  tili  King,  and  nppuiuml  lo  llie  cdmaiiLiiil  vt  tlir  French 
■lilp-uI-llii.'-liiiFL'lmp^Iii>:iu:.wl]lclibc  dcfpndcil  In  tli«<1v*^nitcbatllcl>ctiTtvii  Ibi?  li'nrnalLj 
iiiut  KiiglUli  fir.ti  <itr  I  ■limit,  on  tlir  HrH  at  .hinc,  .V.  I).  IT^H,  until  Mi  Ittat  iJuU  WM  tlu 

■w«7,  «ni1  until  liv  lind  rrct'lvt-d  clKtit««u  woundit.  of  ^lilch  b«  iLlcd:  thiM  ck>»liij[  >n  uas 
iipoltTilllJv  nliirli  UbiI  Im-n  bmrif  ai»1  mD^lnli-iill/ 9)irnt  In  the M-rrlw  of  bh  Mlopl«4i 
uf  Jll»  0«ll<<^  cuiiiitry. 

"I'lrrhit  Iwi'Viu-B 

htiMBiWMtamtii  M'A/irlck,  tM.,.Tiiiie  tu.  A.  1>.  I^i);  Hv4»X  Ap«1«cfalcol^not.u,  .V.  1). 

tKlA,  lMi*1n]|  •  bnlaTMl  vriri<  ami  lUitjililtr,  ul  ^^eannali,  \n  Ihx  .■'ta.lr  <if  <ii-nrKla.  whvn;  Iw 

r»Mt4tlMliMM'mi7«ariDr  ItUllfc,  wli«lMLrcvr«cl«(IUiU  ihoduiucdI  Id  Uio  y«ar  IMl." 

A  porlniil  of  rinm  Itnuvtilr,  tlic'  Hdrri  U  tn  tlic  gatttry  at  jialntliis*  In  Brawn  [lalTcri. 

Mttr 

»Iiiihi)MIuvnt]»;niuK('«inc1«-]r  w  r^wtuekcl,  tbcn!  Ii  ■  Knnr<*l"nc  liuerib«<l  u  fiit] 

'Snnrnllu  tlic  iiii-iiiurr  of  I  tijil.  ,]iihii  (if-arKf  CutImi,  who  illod  August  Mttb,  UcH,  InUia 
nluMf -Ant  )>mr  of  lil>  ngf. 

•  Hf  ei«M>-.l  llip  tngUif  ocraii. 
Till*  •viuiitr)!  lor  I'll  **vr, 

''i'liar'  Krauts  iliat  eiivr  liim  bli'ili, 
And  Atiirrini  n  ^-raii'.' 

"4'apula  furlpn  w*a«MtMWi  In  ilir  iti>nlo>-  of  (xmU  \VI.,Wtng  iwarlj' Aftf  ■"•(■  ul<I 
wlicn  stir  olilM  blroniRkKl  CB  ItiP  UUI  niiir  NurLti  *trvi-i.  A«  tnlcltt  b«  txiKilm],  ilnlr 
litonFucr  FKcilL-il  much  curUnHlf  niuong  thtr  iiFU|ilr.  whI  IIlu  ouvlroDa  of  the  cnmp  wrte  via- 
Itpil  bf  inaujr, 

"Amunit  llioif  vJillori  nai  a  ywuii^  ladT  wlUi  \tli«KC  Hiarin*  tlir  IkiIiI  cap'ain  bocftliM:^ 
«niillri),  mill  lo  wliom  lir  proin-n^l  lili  hainl  tbi  actvpliiiMv,  wlilrh  nil'  ni>i  li-hitnl.    Bb 
■Unit  wlli'ii  tu  hia  nlil  coinriiilr-*  In  nriiit  on  ilictr  iIiiMtriurv  for  ntbtr  llvldd  af  Klorr,  he  ami ' 
lilo  ni-w  oiiii>|Hiniiin  in  iu-iii»  m-III(iI  in  t'ctnlucki-t,  wIifti:  lie  Uictl  lo  lliv  aJiitncrd  aceiMlMl 
nbovo. 

"  .'^rri-rHl  ilrKviKluulM  of  tlie  l-'«|ilaln  nrc  ;ct  Itvinf  In  I'aiviitckcl  andTklQly.**— "X&" 

(h  /'rr«i"Wrii«  Jtiiimiil. 

In  Suntti  SctIiiiiiIi-  tti.-  j;riiin  of  Iwo  trviii,'))  nj|*lli-r»  iua>  be  »ccu.  'llii'y  (Lekencd  awl 
died  Wlillr  OD  Ilie  niiiri'li  llinruxli  ibiit  liiwii. 

■I)r.  K|ilirahii  IlnnMi.  xiii  cif  TliamaJL  Itnwrii,  »  :i-  I i   )ii   KcliuboCIi,  lilnu  ,(>cI<Am  3, 

oW  «i«li*,  I'lii,  and  h-uni  ilic  afc'v  nlntnt' yrnr-  In  'I  in  I'r.'^lilnictwith  tilnniiclc,  Ur.Jabca 
BnwpLi.  ulllinlioni  \\r  ituillnl  mtdlrim'  l)<' ilh-l  iiL-ioU-r  il,  kV:,  a|>r>l  ninMy-tix  y«at*.J 
llij  ilwrltinK  tiiiDtp  iiuful  an  Till-  t|»i  nijiiv  uit'iiiiii-il  tif  ilui  Franklin  liuuni-.  iVoiilinic  Ha 
kel  iijiian:.  lie  wa«  marricJ  iniiv,— ilptt.  (■i-bniarjt  11,  ir.'K,  In  Mury^  t'tntiiT.  dun; titar  of ' 
llkuniai  (niiirr.  li^  i>  l»iit>  lir-  liii.l  fhn-v  ildUln'M.  tlj. :  Jubvr,  O  liter,  and  .Mary;  noiiiil, 
.Innc,  1".  irtii.  hi  I.vdifl  thiuni'v.  .ImiKliti'r  of  r'ulmirl  I'licr  Jiuwmy.  ot  Yu.tl  UtwnyrlnU, 
U.  I..  \ij  whom  Ii4'  had  U  IJIiiiin.  l|iir>,  ^iiinli.  l.rdln,  h|i1ir3lnr.  Ihiijuiiidi.  INmlon.  IlvlliK- 
iiilii,  '.M.  Nniir)',  ELcIm.';,  and  Fraiieca.     Aa  a  (ilijalHua  Iw  wu  fininrnttt   aklUnil  MUl 


OVK    PRKNCll   AI.LIKR. 


937 


In  i*onipany  with  M.  t{»:ike,  h  Captain  in  IIm;  regiment  of 
Rovnl-Pciix-Pont^  nnd  ihe  Cli:)ptiiiii  of  the  Hospitiit,  ho  rode 
to  Coventry  to  j)iiy  bin  respects  to  Mrs.  Geupnit  Nathiinael 
(ti'eeiie,  witb  wbom  he  became  acquainted  iu  Newport.  Ha 
says: 

"  Mm.  Greene  recelreil  na  ver}r  kliidly.  She  I«  amiable,  g«nteel.  nod 
rath«r  prcttj-.  As  thdrc  wfts  no  hntul  in  Iter  lionse.  Home  wa»  hiuiUtx 
»iad«-;  it  nras  of  meal  and  w«t«r  mixed  toffeth^r;  vrliicli  niut  then  tonatetl 
Kl  the  lire;*  aiiiull  t>1icr8  of  It  were  Hvrvtti  u|i  to  ua.  It  Ia  not  much  far  a 
Freiivhniim.     ....     Bosldcs,  tbv  ttinnvr  wiw  ion^;    wu  n-iniiliivil  to 

sleep  there Anatber  country- Uouse  Is  pretty  Dear,  tnbabtted 

hy  two  liult«ii,  wbo  compose  all  lli«  society  ibat  Mrs.  Grcrnc  haa;  In  the 
evening  sbc  iDvUcd  tbcin  to  Iicr  boiiHt,  nnd  wc  daticed.  t  wo^  in  boota 
au<l  rather  tired;  In-siiiies  llic  KtixliKli  dRn»-a  iirv  coin^tlicHti-d,  «o  that  I 
acqultti-d  foytwlf  badly-     Bui  Clie»«  Indies  were  coinplalimiH," 

Whilo  the  Krcneb  ullios  ntmainod  in  Khodn  Island,  Com- 
inisaary  Blanchnrd  nppenrs  to  have  been  vory  netivo  in  the 
diacliai-ge  of  his  dutieif.  Soctnlly.  hiit  spare  hours  were 
paBsed  pleasantly.  BuHiness  called  him  (Veijuently  to  Provi- 
dence, where  be  wna  always  hospitably  received  and  enter- 
tained. 

THE   KINu'ri    BIKTUDAV. 

On  Wednesday,  the  i'M  of  August,  the  birlb-day  of  the 
French  King  was  eelelimled  at.  Newi>ort.     Tbo  ships  of  war 


bamuie;  juapAlrliM  aniIiiitaUMiiMt.lnlrtf  td  nndciirrMt  In  prinelidi-snd  tnrrllurlau* In 
praclkw.  i>T.  Uowi'ii  *nu  prumtnrui  in  Iqkii  aJlkIr>,  >uil  Aom  irM  Id  IT'JO,  nu  a  Tmilo* 
of  Hrq^ii  I'nl'crilir-  A*>  pnwlliloiirr.  hit  lirld  ii  r<in*in*xt  rank  wllh  Iti<»  moat  vntltwnl 
ph^toiMM  of  ilio  rotate.  l\v  «a*  jKitro  li>  >iiii.]>italllj .  ami  illpil  aa  lie  had  ]iv«rJ,  a  devmil 
■■d  MHitblMit  Clirtitlaii. 

Twoof  Dr.  lllibralm  UoWcii's  Boni.  ^VillUiii  and  I'arJuii,  entered  llietncdlMl  profeMlon 
■ad  became  JblingaUiad  practlilourrs.  tir.  Wllllaiu  Ilo<r»n  <ra*  a  (paduala  at  Tal«  Col. 
tatr.  IIU||(nUiDtaiuwIiiHillTiuRi]o  liim  aiT«lc«nit  TUIforia  lb«  ikfcrDOn.  BUdKai 
«■■  Ihsl  of  a  |i>nllrriiiin  ot  llii-  ulil  ■clioiil.  tl«  illril  In  IKU.  agad  olgfalj-Rlx  jvmn.  Vw. 
I'airitciii  Howell  wnx  a  icnuluaKr  uf  ItrttWD  t'lilvmltf.  Jd  l<;vi>e  wMa  fdrKMa  oa  boatda 
privaiMr.  la  wlilt-li  hv  wiu  .^itiiipil  and  carried  lutij  Itallflia,  wlwrc  !■««»■  ImpfUootd  Rir 

apten  ■■uiilli,,  nilTcriii|;  gtml  prion!  iaui.  Itn  bring  esrfuui|tnl|  fat-  >Kalu  cngaf|Fd  In  thr 
priratvcr  tpnltp.  .\nvr  MtlUlnt;  lii  UU  pr<jftaiJ»n  Iu  rrovIOcncv,  lie  trained  an  (Xlcatlt 
pr*cikE.  Km  ii-ii-H  jtmi  \ur  ma!  Prrtidriil  oflltr  llliinlr  Kloiid  Jlr-Jliiil  .Sxk-lr-  lie  ira* 
UkewliN-  a  tVllaw  at  ilw  .\iiiiiri«iii  .\nlli|uaflaii  >ii>r)('(y,  aoil  a  Triitlti-  uf  Itrvwn  VhItW- 
*llf.  Ili'illfil,  unhrnitltr  h.'loTt^.  xciobct  ^  i'*A,  ujrrd  ittklr-nliic  jran. 
*.\tt  iild  ^hloiii-il  "  .liitmiiiT'iMikr." 


238 


KHODK   ISLAND    IN    THE   EEVOLUTION. 


in  the  Imrhor  were  omaniontcd  l»y  a  displjiy  of  tho  colors  ol* 
the  diflercnt  mnrilime  power;,  und  fired  ti  ^nlute  ou  the  occa- 
sion. Ttie  FrcncL  Imnsport-s  wei-e  also  decorated  with  col- 
ors, and  tii*ed  a  »alute  iu  Itouui*  of  the  day. 

On  TburatUy,  ii  general  review  of  the  French  army  in  Uint 
town  took  p]iu'o,  preceded  by  alternate  discharges  of  cannon 
frtmi  the  land  batteries,  an  J  fr*)m  the  Ueet.anJ  hy  a  fff-th-ytif 
fi"oni  the  troo|xs.  The  Providence  (ijizelJc  of  the  tbllowinjt 
Saturday  {36th)  sajrs :  "Nothing  could  exceed  tho  tine  appoar- 
uuce  of  the  forces  of  our  illuslrious  ally,  which,  joined  to  tho 
universal  satisfaction  that  was  difTusicd  through  a  great  eon- 
course  of  spectators,  we  hope  will  prove  n  happy  presage  of 
their  futuro  success."  The  (iiizotto  of  October  llth  states 
that  ou  Saturday,  tho  7lh.  "A  mock  battle  was  fought  on 
Khode  Island  between  a  delaehmcnt  of  His  Most  Christian 
Majesty's  troops  and  Colonel  Greene's  continental  regiment, 
which  atlbrded  luuck  satisfaclion  to  the  spectators." 

TKAVKL8    OF   OPPICEltM. 


While  unemployed  at  Newport,  the  Chevalier  dc  Chastcl- 
lux,  the  Comte  de  Ctietiuo,  the  Couite  de  Deux-Ponts,  the 
Marquis  dc  Laval-Monlmorenci,  the  Comie  de  Viomcsuil,  the 
Vicomto  de  Mesmes,  and  several  other  officers,  improved  all 
opportunities  to  make  excursions  into  the  interior  of  the 
country,  to  aequaint  themselves  with  ita  contour,  material 
resources,  and  the  cbaract eristics  of  the  itdiabltants.  The 
Chevalier  de  Cliastelhix  visited  ^Vashingtou  at  his  rjuartcrs 
in  New  Jersey,  bearing  a  letter  of  introduction  from  Dr. 
Franklin.  With  his  guest  the  (icncrnl  was  much  pleased, 
and  in  writing  to  Fniiiklin,  he  said  :  "  I  thank  you  fur  l)rlng- 
ing  me  aci{uainled  wttli  »  gentleman  of  his  merit,  kctov^  ledge 
and  agi-eeable  manners.*'  The  pleasure  of  this  interview 
was  equally  enjoyed  by  the  Chevalier,  who,  in  liis  "New 
Travels  Thn>ugli  America,"  dmws  a  glowing  pictuiv  of  the 
impressive  personal  appeiimuce  of  \Vushingtou,  and  of  his 


Om   FRKSCII  ALLIES. 


sa» 


prvviainent  ijiiulitius  a»  "tUu  ttuul  luid  Uiu  Hip|Kti-t  of  one  of 
the  greatest  Revolutions  that  have  evor  happpncd,  or  can 
happen  nffn'm." 

At  I'hiliulelphin  the  ('hovalicr  vfus  chosen  un  associate 
memlier  of  the  Amorican  Aciideroy^  He  conthmed  his 
ahaoncf'  fi-om  Ne\v|>oi-t  until  early  in  Januarj',  1781.  MM. 
Laval-Mnntninrenri  and  do  (liistine  returned  from  n  long 
.journey  on  the  2d  of  Fchruarj-  foUowing.  M.  t>e(>»my 
sailed  for  Fi-nnco  early  in  the  year.  Blanchard  says  he  was 
"a  man  of  intelligence,  but  intri;a;tiing  and  greedy," and  sig- 
nificantly add.'^ :  ''Ills  stay  in  America,  short  as  it  has  been, 
has  not  impaired  his  fortune." 

Shortly  after  the  return  of  \M.  de  Cnstine,  Captain  Lafor- 
est,  an  officer  in  the  regiment  of  Snintonge,  killcil  himself 
in  eonsoiiuencc  of  Un\-ing  in  \'ain  demanded  justice  for  lan- 
guage addressed  to  him  by  the  former.  "  This  event,  which 
vrati  known  n  moment  before  the  panule,  created  groat 
excitement  there.  M.  de  C'nstine  was  insniled  there;  and, 
if  it  had  not  been  fpr  the  presence  of  some  superior  ofticera, 
woitte  woidd  have  befallen  him."  • 


ROrilUrBEAlJ  VISITS  PROVIDENTE. 

ACCOMPAMKD  PV  OEPrTY-HOVEttNOH  JABEZ  BO  WEN.— NOTS3 
THE  84L;ESEBT  AND  DEFESCKS  ALONG  TUE  SHORES  OF  THE 
BAY  ASI>  KIVKB.— SKETCH  OF  MAJOR  D-VNIEL  LYMAN.— LET- 
TER KltOM  nETHTY-IU)VEnNOIl  IIOWKN  TO  OENKKAL  HKATH. 
-ltO(:n,\MHEM:S  FlUENIlSIIirs  IN  PitnVll)lCN(l-:.-T<lKENH 
OF  AFFKtTIOX  ritESESTEl"  BY  BOCH.UJDEAr.-SKETCH  OP 
(iKNEKAL  NATHAN  SIILLEK.— SKETCH  OF  DEPUTY^ OVERNOR 
WOWKN. 

3|N  the  latter  part  of  Angnst,  General  Rochamhean  made 
(^  his  first  visit  to  Pn>vidence.  To  the  maj*ir  portion  of 
(ho  inli»bitanlj«  of  the  town  the  advent  of  tJie  distinguished 


■  Wiuietiftnl. 


'^->^:?*ywt^ 


Newport  to  the  General  nnrl  to  Admiral  I>e  Temay,  accom- 
paniod  the  former  liy  wnlfir  !«  I'rnvidoncc.  In  sailing  np 
the  bay.  the  General  did  not  fail  to  notice  the  quiet  beauty 
of  itH  shores;  nor  did  ho  nverloiik  the  military  preeaution 
thai  Iwd  erected  defences  adiptcd  to  hold  in  cheek  or  drive 


OLK  FKENCU   AI.I.IKS.  >11 

l«ek  any  naval  expedition  of  the  eiuMiiy  tlmt  iiiij;lil  "H'  i'<('i 
to  reach  the  head  of  navi<ruiioii.  and  dcstruy  ihv  s)-i-<iiii|  ■  "j- 
ital  of  the  State.  That  he  wa.s  frnitiHcd  with  wli«l  h*  shm 
and  with  the  reception  that  awaitt-d  liiiit  on  hu'kH'H.  " 
requires  no  stretch  of  imairinatioii  to  Ik-Im-vc.  I'«-|"('»- 
Govemor  Bowen  thu>  rt-jit»ri*  the  event  1<>  (ieDci-iI  it'-'tft,* 
at  Newport : 

"  Deab  So.  : — We  irrivr^l  i;  iLN  pltcf  hj»lf-i«i«t  ..iw  .v,'»sc)r  *(*«'i*  »  I'.w 
passA^.     <j^nerali  j^-iUiTin.  V.iniaTii  wlrh  »  nnm^^'r  .-f  «<•  jH''H<''.'>'t'.  ji"!!- 

■  rii-  ^niuripai  Atitif If-i  jrap  '>f  <  iciwrii  Hmili  v.c  Mmjim-  l*iiilrl  I  i  .imit  .r'»i  fi-  •f-ni 
in  Dorham.  <  odil.  .Iaiiiiai7  jT.  ir~'(  Hi'  vj*  i-^itrA'iil  ,(i  \  il'-  '  '>M'fr  iii<l  ^»li<iii--'l  .ii 
irra.  imlilln^  -tv  Ir^l  .-anlt  .la  ;i  .-|»iv>ii-:il  .rliiitHr.  I'.i-^  ;»ii-il\  ;••  /I'-Kliinllii-f.  ii<*iiii-  I  'i'  .)!'- 
ipirit  or  "he  *iiiiM.  :if,  ,n  '."."r.  ^linnl  :lif  .•nnltm-iitnl  iniii ,  itiil  •»-i-  .•>ntiiiii"|iiiii'it  •   n-"  H" 

aniltr'  nlooH  Bi>iiallrt  Aruolil.     Itf  -ivik  .i<iiii'Tiio «  i»iiri  iii  -lii- i-^|tf>ir"   ■<  i  l.'i.ii.|i'.".-,ii 

<  mwn  L''))iu  'iml  m.  .liilin'-.  .M  nntnilvniea. <  .ipfHlii  !.■  I'inii  |iri-<'>iinli'  i-^'^  <  >!•'  ■*"  ■" 
1«  Plscr.  ;br  ■■nmmuiiUnt.  iitIwfmt.  .mil  itii-ivfil  ui'  -wur-l  II >■  ■»>■'■■  iiifnii  .  -r.,!-,.'  I  ;.; 
S«w  Hwt^n.  riif  [iillDiTtntf  ■■•■nr.  .irtiT  lrt»»lrt«  -■nl1-u.-  !i"  »  i-  itpt-.m'.-l  itr!jHil<'  il  't'l"  ^  ■ 
<i<iimJ  FHIiiw*.  wtm   -DTnmiinili-tl   'lit>  'irlvailf  ■>(■  i  !■■'•■  >"  '.•••  >••'   iIi-- ni'lm-  n  ■      !.■    "■ 

banli>->f  Wliitp  l*!aiiiH.  :iin  .inrsr -v^i'*  -lii>r   imli-i'    'im       u  -In-      .|.)>  it\<.-i    l'  :i     f 

*trrit»  ^w  n>nirn«l  :igiun  in  .S>-wllii*i'n.  ;iiiil  <ffiiiiliii-<r  'hr in  ■in-  ■].(■<■■ ;  -i  '■■  - 

h^  joinwl  <'iilr)ni>t   1j**-  r^alm'ir    it  ■  :iiiihr<.iin-   hihI  h-.''     ■.inii.iiiil    >■ i-'u.         'i'. 

Innvto 'ifipiiint  :iU  iiWTK'HIrf'rf       ,  n  ■li.'  -itIh','  ■.''     .'.' ■    i.i- ',».miih'     i    ,.i.  ,,,P,',    ,i     .    .  ■■.  il 
Uratli'')   mlfrary   !amili'.  ,inil   -li>-      n-uin-f      •■■nr  •-■>    itu^. ■<•■:)     ••f>i>ii:>'  <.',.!    .    .'     i 
Enatern  Urparmifnt.     \i,^ti  •,<-^.-'^^  ii~t,ti.   ,.-■.«.-.•    .•nfi.^i.  •!    >    j.    ■  .<■■.  n  ;   . 

RlMkle  [almwl.  •  olonH  [.^Tiinit  i<v-»tr.iii><i>.ri  '  i"i     ,.    „i r,         <  j.  <• 

h*  s«rriM  IH;"  >liirr  "I'lm,.!.    _rir..'..'-... rf:'--     "  ■  ■  '  ■   ■■'•     -.     ■       '  . 

rnl  .11' -fip  Kr^nr*.  ■!•— '  ..!::■      .     ■-       ,-        .     ■.,      ■    ■  ■.    -  -    ■     >■. 

lOWHl  <ii-Ri-nil   -i^r'.  -.. 

nf -ht*  ■"■nr   ,vtii-i  ■  -  — ^'— -  .-...-  .  •      -  •  ■     •- 

'■hfMMHIi       l-f    ..■.■'.*     -        _       -    -  -  —.■■■-  I 

ilJi -ntHfrr-*.   i  ■"■r.-*     -.1— -..-- 

Ttie -uiMlnir    '--■_-    T.        .^         .  - 

■BUT*  -rntn  .-i*.-*-    .■-.■....■ 

bmar -T%at  '  .^  •        r     ■   .-      i-~-  ,i' 

lint  'aM  ■".*  --*»         •!.,-■-. 
;i»  :»m»n>*^     --1— ■  ■    -•- 

Sw  tir      •■'•<--- 

if   -I*   ^TVI^— •    '■    ■    -    *■*        ■!• 

-rimt  -•■•  -.-i*-.!-!.-'    ■ 
•ar»«  .:■  ^  '  i-«  -  ,.  . . 


242 


TinonE  ISLANn  is  thk  revolctiok. 


llcmcn  at  llii»  U»H-n,  inot  Graml  dv  Rocliainbciui  at  tbe  fi-ri?.  On  blB 
Hrrivnl  at  tbe  parade  he  was  saIiiUkI  with  flflceii  rminon  placed  iMMir  llir 
hrldge.  Ke  drauk  t«a  wlifa  Cencr&l  VarDuiu,  and  lodged  uc  my  bouse.  \Vc 
did  vvvrythiiig  In  our  puwur  Ut  give  bliii  n  liurtjr  welvoiiic.  Hope  be  wns 
gratllteci  with  &l»  rhit. 

"Aecordlns  to  prointHc  to  Mr.  Temay,  I  have  seen  the  pvraon  that  gtixe 
the  account  or  the  Ift^iiiitnatJ'f'*  being  rendered  nnfit  for  nervlce.  Illti 
nnme  Is  ]>onitlM>ii,  of  this  IOwd;  was  mailer  of  tlie  ftigtt*:  called  the 
Providrnee,  I'wt  nt  ('hitrle»((>n-ii.  Krotn  ttieiiru  h«  came  {ia>»euger  on 
honnl  a  iwenty-guii  ship  cailed  tlic  Betnont,  Ciipiain  Ru»»cl] ;  thnt  tlir  »aid 
(npinlu  HuM»ell  Kive  liini  the  iit-coujit  or  llie  ship's  getting  on  the  bboals 
tiL-ar  chL'  ll(!litlL()iibe-.  that  htr  Imck  was  hruke,  uud  t^lie  UuRisjii-d  so  much 
that  sliii  could  ntkt  r.irry  her  metal  on  deck ;  tliHC  .*hc  ftllli  lay  down  itt  tlic 
tt'tak.  lie  ntrlber  Inrorins  llial  tbe  Brilish  hud  nine  »nil  of  tbe  line,  excla- 
■lv«  or  tbe  Hmftimablt,  ou  tliat  vtallOD. 

•■  Hope  er«  this  yon  hare  recovered  your  fornier  l»ealth. 

"  PlvAM  Bffud  the  enclaBed  to  Cuuiil  de  Cha«t(.-Uux. 

"Mrs.  Itowfii  prc9Ciil!<  her  coniplimenm.  My  ref^nrdit  are  otTured  to 
yourself  and  tbe  gcutletniii  of  your  fhiully ;  and  believe  tliat  I  am 

"  Vuiir  most  obedient  and  most  hnmbte  servant. 


S^ 


*>^<' 


V 


By  Oepnly-Goveraor  IJtiwcii  aiul  his  t'limiiy  m»s  formed 
fiir  (icitcrnl  Ki)chnmt>eaii  an  l-hiIv  frietideiibip,  which  was  only 
lirokon  by  tloath.  Tho  Genera!  kept  his  pormaneut  head- 
qiinrters  in  Newpoil,  hut  business  railed  him  frequently  to 
ProvideiK-e,  and  whenever  this  was  the  esse,  he  was  uniformly 
the  guest  of  (iovernor  Itowcn. 

When  ulmut  to  leave  with  his  jirmy  for  active  opcmtions 
with  \Vn^hiii;;toii,  the  (U-neral  pr«»ent«d  to  ^[rs.  Bowen, 
from  liiti  eaup  eipiiiNi^,  a  hcnvy  (silver  tspuon,  lieuring  hid 
ert'tit,  as  n  memento  of  the  ph^n-sant  hours  he  had  i^pcnt  in 
the  family,  aiitl  of  tiiii  |K<r»onai  rvj^nl  for  his  accomplished 
ho8tcst».  Thfl  s{HK»i  WMK  twolvc  inches  in  Icneth,  was  made 
in  r^ondttn,  of  sterliiitr  silver,  and  Wui<.'hi*d  live  and  one-half 
ountvs.     The  tmd«-inBrk  wji»  a  hull's  head.     This  inteivat- 


OnR   FltENni    ALLIES. 


24?t 


ing  relic  of  an  eiuiiieiit  French  ally 
ha^  heen  very  cm-cfiiHy  jiivspncd  and 
bflndcd  down  in  ihn  Il<>wrn  family. 
It  18  now  iu  the  poissf^iiiuii  iif  Mrs. 
Annie  G.  Bowcn,  of  Tiverton,  U.  1., 
relict  of  the  l«te  Uov.  Charles  James 
Bowcu.  Ity  tier  cordial  pemiisfion.  I 
I'-aused  a  reduced  copy "f  ihe  ori<rinal  to 
be  niade, — as  \nTfie  as  Ili«  i>agc  would 
recoivo, — which  aci'onipanics  this  hriof 
description. 

The  Vicomlfl  de  Roi>liaintieaii»  Lieu- 
tenant -  Colonel  in  the  regiment  of 
Bourlwnnais,  und  son  of  the  (iencral, 
was  highly  esteemed  liy  Ocpnly-Cov- 
eroor  Kowen.  After  iho  close  of  the 
War  of  Independence  in  America,  ho 
returned  to  the  ITnitod  8ljitcs,  and  wat: 
received  by  Wa^iliingtoa  and  the  pub- 
lic geucnilly  with  a  hearty  welcome. 
Visiting  I'rovidencc,  he  renewed  hit* 
accpiaintjinec  witli  the  Deputy-Oovern- 
or'a  family. 

Many  other  friendships  were  fonned 
in  Providence  by  (Jcnorul  K(H'ham- 
Heatt,  and  among  Ins  iiitimateK  were 
Kx-GoveiTior  t'ooko,  John,  Joseph 
and  Nieholfis  Rrown,  Colonc!  Tliomiis 
L.  Ilolaey,  (.'olunol  Joseph  Nightin- 
gale, Colonel  Daniel  Tillinghast,  Colo- 
nel John  Mathew^on,  Samuel  Night- 
ingale, Joseph  Kussell,  and  John 
Smith.  Kach  of  these  was  idcntilicd 
with  the  revolutionary  proceedings  of 
the  town  and  of  the  State,  and  im- 
proved   auitable  opjiortuniticri  to  be- 


/^ 


General  Nathan  Miller,  of  Wrtrreu,  R.  I.,  for  mBnv  years 
Brigadmr-Gctieml  of  the  niititia  of  the  counties  of  Bristol 
and  N'ovvport,  was,  hy  his  military  [msition,  frciiiicntly 
brought  into  conimiinicution  witli  General  KoclmmUcnu. 
The  ac<]uaintaai-e  thus  formed  ripened  into  frieudrihip,  and 
a  iiiiiltml  nttnehmnnt, —  slrongthoned.  perhiiiw,  hy  ihc  fact 
thai  Geiieriil  Miller  was  of  French  Huguenot  descent, —  led 
to  an  exchange  of  swords.  The  Uochuuibeau  Sword  is  a 
handsome  rapier,  with  silver  hilt  and  guard,  the  blade  being 
neatly  nmamented  in  gold  and  blue.     It  is  owned  by  Gooi^ 


OUR  FBBNCH  ALUB8. 


245 


L.  Cooke,  Jr.,  Esij.,  a  (Icswndant  of  General  MilU^r,  and 
hold  an  A  precious  legney.  By  Mr,  Cooke's  courtesy,  I  am 
cnnblod  to  present  herewith  an  cn^vod  representution  of 
Uie  sword  and  scabbard.* 


•  KmIjuu  MllJiT  i*nj>  Ijwrn  tii  H"«m-i>,  It.  I..  March  SB, 
i;U.  Al  th«  tN^Kinninji  ot  the  wm  1i«<  oDlenul  hi^rtUy 
Into  mcMarra  tiir  re«l*1anri*,  aiiil  trn*  ailrkEicnt  tlirf'usti 
Tiriav*  inlUtarr  RTBdra,  uultl,  lu  17TV,  hp  wm  «)>-i:t«<l 
IUlj{«dice.Grcu-ral(urtIir  cdiinllpAorNcvpflrlnndllHMal. 
lie  mu  tix  jpon  ■  Dcpul}  ft^itii  Wmm-n  In  llic^  (iviirral 
Avimtily.  In  \Tni  bt  wm*B|Ji><il<iir<J  a  ineuit«ruf  aeuio- 
iDlilrr  "  to  irniulrv  Into  the  clrcuniAtancv'ii  of  llh-  batrack* 
Ml  by  tli«  KrIlUli  tniL>p«  upnn  KlKHtr  Idaii.il  ndi]  Janipa- 
town  In  Ihr  vrar  I77U."  Tnr  thv  piirrniH.'  or  maktnv  a  dli- 
tribuUaB  of  llio  niaU-j-lal*  wllh  whkli  llwy  wvn-  built 
amonit*!  ni«b  iwnoiui  "■■Kav«  MibhwlDry  pvltlmn  of 

Ill  l-Vlwiiarjr,  ir^.lirniu  rliTliil  liy  tlii- firiiiTul  Abm-im- 
blf  B  4rlr>&li'i  tOKi'lhvr  wllli  Ibc  K(-v,  Jamrs  Slannlnfi, 
D.  D.,  l'rT«l(I«-nl  uf  RIiucIf  li>1ni»l  <!oIlrgr.  to  trprracnl 
(lie  MbI«  fu  llw  riiitiTl  nlali->  <  voKrvi*.     KFplrnibrr  'JB, 

li>llawln|[<  tm  unil<^  villi  Dr.  Hanalnc  In  luliltrHlax  ■ 

Uttpr  to  Ihr  lifivrriiar  of  Rliodc  Iilantl,  III  lilikli  u  rcrli-W 
of  public  alDklrt  *<»■  pn-wnlnl,  nlxiwInK  llint  lli«  counte- 
nauduK  of  i.trlainnipatuim  in  llir  Srnlr  wddIcI  ttTmliialr 
la  Ita  nilii,  ''auil  tiavi'  no  mnalilpnilitv  ■liitrr  !■■  tlir  nib- 
venlon  of  lh«  UaloM." 

OMwral  Mnirr  piirrhairil  of  thr  nlDcor*  ami  luilillpri  iif 
Coh>ni"l  <ir?cno'«  mhI  Colniii'l  Hlifrburnv'"  rvjrlMiculs  tbe 
Mount  Hope  tam.  Mt  off  rn  llirtn  hjr  llir  Sliitr-.  far  llic 
doprvciallnn  of  th-i-lr  ira|[[«,  vhlrJi  hf  inlit  In  thv  Rua. 

U'llUiiiH  ItnuiniriJ.  Ttiv  IkriR  «■■  Mil  to  MDialB  XW 
Mr**  Willi  II  roiKbUlonare-aurrpjtlappean'ilIoi-oDtflbi 
•nlyMtwrMBntl  Wrmlt.  In  I;A4  VlN>(reuiTal  AnB-inblf 
I  ftUoiKil  iDil  pAld  h\ia  £]|o,  ]  "lawful  nonrri"  "'  *» 

>  Cqulvalcol  for  lh<^  •I«ncirur7. 

OMuml  MilW  wa*  a  largr,  flrnliv  ttinn.  nr-ijchlns  op- 
WafiU  of  Ihr**  hnnilr«l  i>oun<l«.  ll»  iiot*r—rA  a  rctn  of 
dry  hunur.  wbkli  lir  iinrr  dlspliirnl  itpiiD  aTnrj.  Hat. 
luK  niHitip  a  n->|iil>liiuii  iijiuri  tilin  (br  cattlp.  wlitcl]  h* 
'  rtfbMil  to  nitultli,  till'  lif-Dftal  hroiifc'il  blm  (a  trrnin  lif 
la^lnil  hliD  INI  ili«  ipwuiid  «a>l  aliiliig  iipiai  him. 

In  Maj-,  l7Kt,(7riirial  Mlllri  Mvn  aiqwltitnl  nnilillfccled 
M  moiplvin  the  ab«iraclii  nf  tiM-  iMilllla  Kfllcvra  aiul  uifu 
irtw  HA  dnij  In  pnnaaiim  of  ui  ant  of  ilir  licnrral 
AMManbly.  pancd  it  lh«  prrrfuua  Fobruarjr  waaliin. 

In  Jut;  •It  Ihi'  taiiiv  ivnr,  liv  it-iu  irqvtped  lu  aniiT  all 
llw  mmi  Kho  wp»  ilraHnl  or  <!tlachc<d  fKim  hia  brifaik- 
ti>  dudalj  rurltv  moalh  at  July.lojoln  Imiimllalrlj  OH>n'|[tinpiil  upnii  lilmd*  Idnnd. 

In  oclulxr,  I7M!,  bv  WM  pta«e4  lo  mramand  of  •  tug  of  iruiM-  wtn-l,  in  wbjeli  lu  iraiu. 
pon  M-rUin  priaoncn  at  war  to  Ken  Vork.  m|ulmil  lu  br  richaag«l. 

(I«itrra1  llllli-r  illnl  In  hli  natlii*  town  Hay  'JO,  KW,  »£t4  fortj-awen  ynn. 


24G 


RHOnE   ISLAND  IN  THB  KRVOUt'fldN. 


Jabez  Bowon,  sou  of  Dr.  Ephraini  aud  Mnrj  [Fconer]  iloweii.wns  bora 
In  Proviik-iicf,  R.  t.,  June  IS,  ITM.  and  wis  CKlocaU-d  «t  Yak-  Concfe. 
wliert!  lie  (;ra<1uiiU'd  in  llic  year  IT'iT.  Up<Mt  tliv  coinplvtion  of  his  college 
course  he  returned  U>  Providence,  where  his  yrent  i-iipiiclLy  for  piit)lk  busi- 
ness. Jolnud  tu  hU  uiii|ue)ti.io>icd  Integrity,  cave  lilm  an  elevnleU  ctiamcler 
mid  n  cummtiniUn;;  Influence  Id  Kociuly.  In  1773,  1771  and  1775  be  wa» 
elected  n  mpiiihcr  of  l\iv  'J'own  i  loiincU.  served  Oiitr  years  as  Ucppe«'iiUi- 
live  in  ihc  UoiicrnI  ANHenihlj-.  iiiid  wnst  elected  Deputy- Gov  em  nr,  which 
office  he  held  from  I7T«  to  ITWi,  niid  aKOlti  from  I'HI  to  liSB.  He  wiw 
also  fbr  sororal  years  a  Jiid^^u  of  llie  Sopri'inu  Court.  DurluK  ll«e  War  of 
the  Revoluili^ii,  tie  was  Uevot«l  to  the  cnuse  of  froedoTn.  aiiil  occuiiled  a 
place  ou  Important  cumnilltevM.  Ast  a.  niemtM?r  or  the  Board  of  War,  he 
wiifi  artlve  and  influrntiiil,  and  his  house  wiu<  the  resort  uf  inllttarjr  oHlcers 
of  distinction,  where  they  t'oiind  a  rordlal  welcome. 

When  the  question  of  the  power  of  tlie  PurlJiiment  of  Grnit  ({ritiilii  to 
pass  lawn  tu  f'iml  fAc  C<>f""i'.'s  /«  nil  (■««■;*.  was  first  attempted  to  be  curried 
into  operation,  Mr.  Bon  en  was  In  the  vlj^uTof  htsdayti.  EnJoylnaUieliish 
confidence  of  Ma  ft^llow-cltlzene,  he  wa^  one  of  chose  who  assorted  nod 
Advocated  the  rights  of  the  Colonleti;  and  when  the  question  came  to  be 
dceidcil  hy  nriiift,  altliou^h  at  that  time  on  the  Bench  of  the  Supreme  Jiidl- 
ciiil  Court,  he  ftceepird  the  cnnintnnd  of  the  first  rc*lment  of  the  connty 
of  I'ravldeuce.  After  the  Britijih  army  had  iiirndrcl  the  State,  and  had 
the  bliind  of  llliode  Island  in  poNHesslou,  lie  was  appointed  to  the  otllce  of 
Depaty-Govcrnor,  aud  lh^otl^ll  the  whole  euiitexl  was  an  etilulent  member 
of  the  Council  of  War.  In  the  principal  movements  of  the  army  of  the 
United  States  in  this  dcpnrtmenC,  be  was  consuUed  by  Generals  Hpencer, 
Sullivan  and  Gntes. 

I>cpitty-(}ovenior  Bowen  was  appointed  by  the  Qeueral  Assembly,  in 
178(1,  one  of  the  Commiiiionen*  to  reprenent  ilie  State  in  llie  Convention 
of  States,  proposed  to  be  held  nt  Ani]Bpoli«,  "  to  lake  Into  consideration 
the  trade  of  the  United  Sutes,  to  examine  the  relative  ^liunilous  and  tnide 
of  ib(!  aald  State.q,  to  consider  how  fur  an  uniform  syiitcm  In  their  com- 
mercial regulations  may  be  necessary  to  their  common  mtere-tt  and  perma- 
nent harmony."  etc.  lie  was  chatrmnn  of  a  coramlitcc  of  i-ceonclllallon 
between  the  town  and  thceountry.  In  i;88,whenadl!>tur)uinee  waM  threaU 
ened,  on  the  oc'ca«ioii  of  celehratinfi;  American  Indepcndinice.  lie  was 
likewise  a  member  of  the  Convention  that  adopted  the  Constitution  oflhii 
United  Sintvs,  at  Newport,  May  30.  17'.iO,  aud  during  the  administration 
of  Washington,  win*  Commissioner  of  Loans  for  Khode  Island. 

Deputy-Governor  Bowen  look  an  earnest  Interest  In  the  cnuHc  of  popu- 
'lar  e'lucflUon.  and  when  the  pnblic  Trfc^  sctinols  were  escabliiihcd  in  IVovi- 
deoco,  he  weu  placed  on  the  first  committee  chosen  to  supervise  theni. 
lie  was  an  active  and  a  devout  member  of  the  First  Con;^ relational  Church, 
aud  I'resldeiit  of  the  Hhuile  Island  HIblr  Society.  In  1785  he  succeeded' 
Oorernor  lloplilos  us  Cbanecllor  of  Rhode  Island  College,  now  Brown 
Unlver»lty,—  au  odicc  lielil  I>y  blm  uutlt  his  decL'ue,  a  period  of  thirty 


OUR  FBKNCH  ALI.TK8. 


247 


years.  Ak  k  iiivmbcr  of  the  Mtmunii:  fratumltj',  tho  subject  of  this  notlcs 
IMiiXMl  tlirouifb  varioiw  griuioa  of  ofDce  until,  In  1774,  he  wii»  elected 
Rrand  Mn.4ter  of  llie  (irnnil  J^octge  of  Ktiotle  Islnnfl.  lie  (lied  MnyM.  1815, 
in  the  ftcvcnty-sUtti  yenr  of  his  age.  greatly  litnicnted,  nnd  vrttS  hurled 
wrltli  MaHonIc  Itoitom,  tliti  Must  WoniliipfVil  Ctmud  MxJiler,  Ttiomiu  BniLCti 
Webb,  together  with  subordinate  olIlcerB  and  upwardit  of  vtglity  hrellireo 
belDg  present  to  assist  In  the  fuueral  services.  Bis  remsins  wvre  followed 
to  The  place  uf  Interment  (the  Wext  Burying  Ground)  by  the  members  of 
Ihc  corporatloTi.  the  tutorH  imrt  stndcnUi  of  Brown  University,  the  mem- 
bers of  the  First  ConKrofinllnniil  ('hurch,  and  cltlzeus  genemlly,  lu  1S18 
tliey  were  trausFcrrod  to  Swan  Point  C'cmctory. 


ROMK  uf  DcriTr-OufKHXUK  .Fabkx  tiowBN,  KuKTU  Maix  Snusn, 

I'BovibHNcs,  irsu. 


Prior  to,  Mid  during  the  War  of  the  Refolutlon,  Deputy- (jovtrnor 
Bowen  lived  lu  a  house  on  North  Main  »trect.  fronting  MurkcC  sqaarc,  on 
the  Kite  of  the  preHent  "What  Cheer  Itiiltdlng."  Suhscfjiiently,  and  for 
many  ycarH,  tlu'  home  wa^  occupk-d  us  n  plae«  of  vnUrtalnmeiit,  and 
was  hnoTvn  tt*  "Tiic  Mnnufucturpm' ll.>U-l-"  From  tin-  IVonl  balc-ony  of 
this  house,  the  IlfulitrHtlon  i>r  Ind(rpvud(>ncv  wa^  read.  lu  tlir  lnt«f  years 
of  IiIh  lifi-  Im!  cri-cted  ii  liaiidsome  luanslon  on  Oeorge  street,  near  I'roBpecl, 
which  he  oeeiipk'd  durln;;  ihe  residue  of  hln  lift.  When,  ftomv  yearn  aBo, 
tbe  University  Kroiiiida  were  onlarge<l  by  tuklns  In  the  lots  upon  which 
this  IwHise  and  the  one  adjoining'  »u>oi.l,  the  Bowen  inan«tlou  wa.s  removed 
tA  Waterman  strfct,  a  little  tiorth-ca«t  of  "Hope  <'ol1<?g*,"  and  In  now 
(1)*8:!)  oeeupk'd  by  t'olonr!  William   W.  Urown.    To  Uoreruor  Gowcn'^ 


na 


RHODE  ISLAND  HI  THE  REVOLmOS. 


forecast  and  liberality  th<>  citj'  or  Providence  Is  Inilebled  for  the  planiing 
of  IFic  9tat«Iy  clmn  which  oniAment  C'olkgc  stri>rt,  and  whose  Interlaced 
brutchCA  preHODl  to  tli«  beholder,  an  ho  asceiidtt  the  hi11  ou  an  uncloaJvcl 
tnoop-llt  eveiilii;|(,  II  jilcluru  of  »ur|>iiHiiU)K  ('CJiuly-  flovvrii'ur  Buwen 
owned  n  diif  estute  in  Cmiihtoi].  In  the  mnnaKemciit  of  which  be  funud 
plcasatit  relaxation  fruiii  the  fuUnues  and  pcrplexltlesi  of  public  (Jutlee. 

PepQty-Guvui'uor  Buweu  was  tnlL-e  marrlL-d;  nr»t,  iJeevmbL-r  11',  l'$£. 
to  Surah  Brown,  dftugliltr  of  ObaJlnb  Ilrowu,  by  whoiu  he  Imd  seven  aoiiB 
and  one  daughter.  Mrs.  Ilowen  dieil  Marrli  17,  It^O'l.  IILi  ■tecoTid  mnr- 
rlogo.  May  21,  1801.  was  to  i'cOdy  Lcouanl.  u  daughter  of  Juilgc  Leon- 
ard, of  Rayuliaiii,  MaMs.  Kxceltent  mid  UfL-ltlce  |>ortrattJi  of  himself  and 
of  the  Unit  Mrs,  lloweii,  nvrv  pnlnl^-d  by  the  celebrated  Copley,  niul  are 
now  la  possession  of  their  sraiidsoii,  William  It.  Bowcn,  V.tm.,  of  Provi- 
dence. Three  of  his  sous  enidufiu-d  til  Brown  Uulvvrsity,  viz. :  Jubez,  In 
the  class  of  1788;  Horatio  Gates,  (scvcntteii  years  LibrArinnJ  in  ITli7; 
and  Henry,  In  IKO?.  The  latter  was  for  thirty  yi.iir*  thi-  hmiored  Secretary 
of  the  State  of  Khode  Island.  He  mnrriitl.  February  1 1,  IWOH,  Hiirrlct 
Amanda  Munroe,  daiishter  of  •Jamea  and  Kebecea  Mnnroe,  kT  BoHtou. 
Mr,  Secretary  Buweu  wuh  burn  .lanuiLry  fi,  1746,  uud  died  Ui  Providence 
April  16,  1k<:t,  B^ccd  cl^hty-two  ycnm,  three  moulhji  and  eleven  days.  Uv 
waa  the  Hither  of  eight  children,  viz. :  Henry  L..  Harriet  Amanda,  Hnm- 
llo,  tdled yonns,)  William,  (died  youos.)  Caroline,  William  Horatio,  ;dled 
youug,)  William  Horatio,  f'harkH  James 

HKMOBANOA  Of   ItKCtTY'llOVDlKUR  JABRZ  SOWK». 


IIQO.  With  others,  petitioned  the  General  Assembly  to  be  rellcvM  Trvm 
obllffation  to  keep  open  a  Bah  way  on  a  branch  of  the  Paw- 
Uixet  in  tScltiiaU-,  on  wliieh  the  company  bad  erected  Iron- 
works. 

1770.  One  of  the  charlt-T  meiuljcrK  of  Hie  Benevolent  CongreKalionat 

Socluty  in  I'rovWcuce. 

1771.  A  petttloner  with  others  to  Gcuoral  Asneinhly  for  permission  to 

raise  *'lhcatiin  of  tSfiO,  iatvnil  money,"  by  lottery,  "to  bo 
applied  to  purehdMn^f  a  Parsonni^e"  for  the  use  of  the  Flrat 
CuiigrrjCrtlloiiu!  SocirLy  in  I'ryvidctier, 

1774.  Appolnt(>d  Miijur  In  Hie  militia. 

1775.  Appointed  Lien  ten  ant- Colonel  hi  the  tullltlii. 

■•       Appointed  one  of  Hie  Inspectors  of  Walt  Pctre  in  the  Colony, 

'*       Mcnibf^r  of  a  committee  "to  enquire  the  price  of  cannon  "     Re- 
ported January  12,  1770. 
1773.     Chosen  (.'oloiiel  of  llic  tlritt  re}{luieiit  of  mltllla  In  the  connty  of 
rrovldcuoe. 

''       Appoliited  a  Justice  of  the  Superior  Tourt. 

**  Appoinl<^l  uu  a  cumiuitceu  "  tu  lni(ulre  of  the  Cuninibsnrlcs  tiow 
hero  IToni  Ihtt  nclijhborlriK  States,  thu  allowiince  of  pruvlMona 
and  itecessarie.s  to  the  Mtid  soldiers  in  coiitiitetital  acrvice." 


OCR  rBEKCH  ALLIES. 


249 


1777. 


1778. 


CIiosi-R  «  .Fiiittlce  of  tb«  Superior  Court. 

Cht>««u  (*c^luiii:1  of  tli«  Aral  regiment  of  rDllltla  in  ttiL-  county  of 
Providence. 

Appulntei]  by  tim  Geut-rul  Assembly  odo  of  a  committw  U>  UAv 
Jnto  consideration  th«  pcUtlou  of  Joseph  Ballou,  of  Cuinljer- 
liiiKl,  for  liberty  to  ml»c  £3.0fK)  by  lottery,  t«  ilelViiy  ilie  vx- 
pcDnv  of  op«nliig  a  »<ilrcr  mine  (liscorered  en  Mh  lanil  In  (lalil 
town. 

Chosen  »  niombiT  of  the  Coiiucll  of  Wnr  tor  tlie  county  of  Provi- 
ilctice,  Tliti  oltiL'r  inembcrs  were  John  Siiyles,  (jklvou  Cuin< 
Dtock,  -Tolm  I'pilike,  Jnmei*  Lovult,  and  EncIc  Hopklutj. 

Kecelvecl  from  the  siiiCc  £HS  tor  cxponsca  In  KtU'iidlng  ft  conveM- 
tioii  ii)  Kiwt  tirconwlch. 

AppoinU'd  one  of  Ibe  TonimlstiloDen  to  meet  CommlMlonerit  of 
ulhvr  Slates  In  ilw  rnlou  "  to  take  Into  consideration  the  trade 
o(  the  VnlteO  ."States."*  etc. 

Elected  Deputy  to  reprMciiT.  Providence  In  the  Gcnernl  Aiuwtnbly. 

The  General  .\.s!i(rin))ly  "  voted  nnil  reHo]ved"to  rcflmd  ttvn  hnn- 
dred  doIlar)>,  "  Kix'cie  vnlue.'*  to  Juhec  Rnuoii,  lulvuuccd  by  liliii 
In  1705  to  a  delegate  In  Coni;rc««  from  Uhodf  I»Iniid.  The 
ndvuiicc  waa  retondcil  "wllli  coiupouud  InlereNt  thereon." 


A  VISIT  FROM  THE   INDIANS. 

WAB  DANCK.— INIHASB  AT  WEST  POINT.-IIACKRR'S  HALI-. 


.ITIIERTO  in  the  war,  tbe  active  symimtly  of  some  of 
the  Indian  trilies  with  tlio  openitiona  of  the  Enj^lisli 
had  been  tlispliiyed,  .iinl  it  whs  tlocntcd  a  sound  expedient 
to  drnw  thnsp  otrcujiyinji'  a  neiilni!  position  inln  otpmlly 
active  rcliition.s  with  tlip  .\morionn  and  French  troopa. 
"Many  of  the  Iro(]UL»rs  Indianfi,"  mys  S|mrks,  "had  Iieen 
strongly  attached  to  Lho  Fi'oiirh  in  foniier  liracfl,  iMirticiiInrly 
during  tho  ln.st  [Freneh]  war,  and  thoy  f»till  retained  a  lively 
reiucinbninii*  of  thu  uinii-aMc  intercour»o  thai  liud  then 
exiHicil.  WJit'ii  M.  de  \'audreuil  son'endert'd  Canada  to  the 
Hrilisli,  he  g:ivc  to  the  Indiunit,  m  l«)kuns  of  n;i.^ugni/.anco, 

32 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


Ul 


writes : 


or  tliHBu  HonH  of  the  fui-cat,  Goiieml  Roeliaiulwuu 


"  ThP  (lIlTenMit  (k|)iitii.tlotiit  or  savMgcs  ivltocitiuu  to  the  c Amp  ^lioweil 
no  surprise  ut  the  lilKht  of  the  caniiunx,  troi»ps  bihI  tlirir  excrclwni;  but 
they  dill  not  recover  rrom  their  wtanlshmvut  at  seeing  the  iii)plc  trees 
bulen  with  rralt  above  the  t«Dt«  which  th«  coldlcrs  hu)  occupied  for  thrc-e 

lOODtbS. 

"Oneof  tliv  diiefif  or  the  naratfri),  of  whom  mvntloii  ia  injiile  iiboro, 
m&iic  lo  me,  lu  n  public  fludkncu,  *  n-llcction  that  surprised  me.  'My 
Dtther,'  8«1d  be,  *  It  U  very  Mtoiibihinjt  Ihxt  the  Klug  of  France,  unr 


.^^. 


'\    •    /A*,  ^ 


■i^. 


Ixiii.in  Will  II 1X1  K, 


(kUier,  iKrnds  hfn  troop*  U»  prot«tt  th«  AincrlcanN  in  nit  Insurrection 
ftgnlnst  the  King  of  Enjtland,  tht/lr  ftithrr.'  Your  (kthrr,  thvKing  of  France, 
I  replied,  protticts  titc  osturut  Uberty  thai  God  biis  given  lo  man.  The 
AmcrlcftniH  have  been  ovcrlcMidecl  with  hurdciu  which  they  were  do  lunger 
able  to  beiir.  lie  has  found  their  complaliit^Just.  We  flhall  cTerywlK-re 
be  the  fyienda  of  thetr  fHcndri,  and  the  etipmles  of  their  cticmlc!i.  But  I 
CUiDOt  but  exhort  yon  to  LhfHtrict««t  nentrallty  In  all  Ihene  quarrel*.  Thix* 
It  was  that  I  extricated  luyself,  as  well  mm  1  could,  fruni  a  qutretion  which 
waa  uot  free  from  einbarriMsmcnt.  Good  trealmeDl  and  many  prcscnix 
were  Htlll  more  coiii-lusive  in  the  negottutSon  wilh  ihvv^'  wtragcH,  which 
termlnnicd  nnd  vrta  maintained,  entirely  to  our  Hatlaflicilon,  dnrlnj;  the 
three  campaigni  of  the  French  nmiy  In  America,"* 


•  Mvuivlm.  rol.  {..  fp.  :.iM  iM. 


On  the  second  of  Sc-ptember,  tk<.'  delegation  took  iU 
departure  for  bom<;.  Tn  paA<tin^  ngain  throng  Pmndrncc, 
It  was  eotertained  at  llnckers  Hall,  by  order  of  the  GeDeral 
Assembly,  at  an  exiwa^L-  of  £vtO.  IHs. 

M  the  rcqnc»t  of  (Irnera!  Ilojith,  the  lion.  Christopher 
Ellcrj',  of  Newport,  advanced  to  Mr.  James  Deane,  the  con- 
ductor of  the  deh'gution,  the  sum  of  eight  hundred  continen- 
tal dollan*,  to  defray  its  expenses.  For  this  sum  ho  was 
authorized  to  dmw  on  (icneral  i'hiUp  Schuyler.  Mr.  KHery 
hanng  endorsed  the  order,  it  was  nrcepted  and  refunded  to 
liira  out  of  the  ^reneral  trea^iuiy  of  Khodc  Tiilaiid,  by  a  vote 
of  Iht^  <if-neim1  AHHi-nibly. 


OUR  FRENCn  ALLIES. 


&53 


From  Proviiiiiinx',  s  purliiiii  of  llii»  ilcli^gationp  roceodod 
to  West  Point,  where,  to  impress  its  members  with  an  idea 
of  tlie  streii<^h  of  Ihu  Americnii  army,  iUay  wore  honored 
with  a  review.  Describing  it.  Ur,  Thiitcher,  who  whs  pre- 
sent on  the  occasion,  say** : 

•*  The  aniiy  was  p&riulcil  to  lie  rcTltJWftd  by  General  WiiKbiagton,  accom- 
piLiitixl  by  n  nnmhrr  of  Indino  ctiicf*.  Hl»  Excellency,  mauntcd  on  his 
noble  bay  charg«;r.  rodu  in  (Vont  of  the  line  of  tbe  nnny,  and  received  tbe 
(uuAl  BNlutc.  Six  Iiidta.!!  ctik-fli  fullowvil  lu  Itt8  Lrnlii,  appearing  a^  tbc 
most  diNKuolingsnd  cod  tempt  Iblv  of  the  bumati  races  H'elr  thce*  palnt«il 
of  viirious  colors,  ibelr  hair  twisted  Into  buiicbes  on  the  top  of  their 
liendn,  ntid  dreiisetl  In  a  miserable  Indian  habit,  some  with  n  diny  blanket 
over  the  sliotildera,  iuhI  ollirn<  nlmoiit  iiuki-d.  They  were  mounted  on 
horaoii  ttt  llii:  pi)f>re«t  kind,  with  uiidroNiH^d  Nbeep  skins  Itistcad  of  niiddli.'X, 
and  fdd  ropen  for  bridles.  Tlieso  bSpcd»  could  not  refrain  IVoin  the  Imlol- 
i:eDc«  of  their  appctiteii  ft)r  rum  ou  this  uccaelou,  and  bohic  of  ihem  fcU 
from  their  hones  on  tliclr  reinrn  to  bcn(lquiirt«r.i." 

With  reference  to  the  forej;oing.  the  followinjr  memoran- 
<liiiii  \\;\H  miidc  in  u  diury  tiy  the  Kev.  Dr.  Enos  Hitchcork, 
a  C'hupLiin  in  (Icuernl  Patterson's  brigade,  who  was  present : 

•'  Wrst  PotNT,  September  13,  17S0. 
"  This  inornlni;  the  whole  nnny  turned  out  to  bo  received  by  a  numtK-r 
of  Indian^  some  chief!!,  a  coinmltteo  from  several  tribes  In  ('nnailii.  who 
wer<^  SL'iit  to  Ithodi-  Ulmid  to  obtain  the  tM-'rUlnty  of  a  French  fleet,  which 
the  llriUMh  ciideavort-d  to  keep  a  secret  from  them." 


IIACKnt*a  IIALU 

This  bnlidlwfi.  a  view  of  which  l«  jfivttn  on  page  SS2,  waa  IoMte^^  on  the 
eaat  if1d«  of  Sooth  Main  slR-et,  between  Plaortand  I'owcr  strefbi.  Itwaa 
a  tarKe,  plain,  Hubiitatillal-Iuoklni;  wooden  house,  two  Ktorlea  high,  with 
a  ba»eineiil  ntory  fhintlng  on  the  atreet.  It  contained  a  convenltsnt  ball, 
that  on  public  and  private  (Vjsttve  occa-iions  vied  with  the  popular  "  Golden 
Ball."  now  the  "  Mansion  House."  ou  Benefit  street.  This  hon-se  vraa  boltt 
by  Jotkwi  Hatker,  who  came  when  a  yu«ing  man  to  ProvldCDCe,  from 
Sn]«ra,  MaM,,  about  the  year  I  Tm,  He  was  ungageil  for  loany  yearn  In 
sailing  a  packet  between  Providence  and  Xe>vport.  and  after  retiring  from 
that  buMlnesa  lie  opened  at  the  Il'iil  a  liousc  of  eot«rtalnment.  Balls 
and  parties  were  here  held  by  the  6Ute  of  the  town.  Here  WaahlnKton, 
8ulllTan,  Varnuni,  Gnte^,  KnchambCAn  and  other  dlstlDgnlabed  characters 
wvre.  At  dilTerenL  lluics.  aupcrbly  euU-rtalned.    June  30,  ]T7tt,  a  Court  of 


254 


JUIOnR  IBI.AIII>  IN  THE  BRVOLUTIOK 


Inqulrj-nat  At  //lioter'ii //o/t,  to  i!xftiuiiie  Into  Uie  conduct  of  b  Baker  n^r  the 
Military  IK-partiucnt  of  Providence,  ou  the  charge  of  not  dollrcring  to  the 
oBicent  aiiit  ^lolillcn  tlivir  proper  weight  of  bri-iul.     Major  FUig^  prrslded. 

A  fkC'Slniile  speclmun  of  tin  Invitation  to  u  IwiU  at  Uacki-r*?*  In  liei*wilh 
SireD.  Tbe  orliilziiU  was  prlnt^l  on  the  buck  of  a  plaj'luu  ciin.1.  as  wero 
Berenil  utln'r  similar  luriuttoiu,  of  dlflrerrnl  dates,  tliAt  Imvv  b««n  placed 
In  my  hnnds.    I'lain  card-boanl  then  w&s  probably  scarce. 

Th«  manager  of  tbc  ball.  Tbomas  Moyd  llaUey,  was  a  promlncut  and 
wealthy  merchaut  of  I'rovidoncc,  and  held  the  office  of  French  Agont  for 


g  rySH  E  Favour  of-<^^^^^ 


3< 

3C(  Company  is  requeued  to  a  B  A  L  L> 

g  ac  Hacker  S'lIaU,   on   ^Tbur/daj   Evening 
g  next,  «  Six  oClock^_^  ,_^_^^^_ 

g      Pro^idenctt  -Sept.  2>  I7#3. 


Rhode  Island.  The  Polly  Arnold,  to  whom  the  invitation  wa.4  addressed, 
wwi  l-lu'  diiii||Chtcr  (if  (.'ntoiK^I  Ilonjamin  Arnold,  of  Wiirwitrb,  Jivltifr  not  fhr 
IVoo)  I'nwtuxct.  Nlic  ytnA  a  youug  lady  of  attractive  |ivnton  aiid  of  enf{ag- 
lojf  manners. 

Joahun  Hacker  wss  a  son  of  l-sanc  Haclcer,  of  Sal^m,  a.  name  honorably 
Iwrp«taBt«d  lu  tliHt  Kuck-nt  city.  He  bccaiuu  the  oivner  of  considerable 
real  cstalo  la  Providence,  Ilis  honicstcsd  propnrty  extended  from  *'  Bnck- 
cr'a  wharf,"  nearly  op[vosltc  bis  dwelling,  to  Itoneflt  street.  He  wa.i  an 
original  rocmhor  of  the  corporation  of  Uio  Benevolent  Congregational 
Society  In  rrovldenee.  He  hnd  neveml  clilUlrvii.  Ills  ddeaC  daughter. 
Itannah,  who  Is  stlU  remb^red  by  elderly  cltJEens.  di^  unmarried.  Ills 
8on.  Hojsted.  settled  In  New  York  city,  and  April  10.  1795,  after  b\» 
father's  decease,  sold  his  Int^'rvst  !n  the  estate  to  Joseph  Peck  for  (600, 
The  catntoaflerwarrls  became  the  property  of  8eth  Adams,  senior,  father 
of  the  late  Scih  .tdams,  jnnlor,  a  wealthy  flonr  merchant  of  Prorldence. 
Joshua  Hacker  lived  and  died  a  respected  citizen. 


OCR   FRKNCn  AM-IE8. 


SA5 


"HjickerV  Hall"  whs  tJestroycHl  Iiy  the  "(iiwit  Fire"  in 
JttiiUHr)',  ly^l.     A  brick  dwelling  now  oceiipics  its  site. 


RKVIVAL  OF  BUSINESS. 

Wjl4l!K  ruin  brought  upon  the  coiiimtirco  and  other  busi- 
<^»J  no33  of  Xowport,  while  it  whs  occupied  by  the  enemy, 
hits  nlready  l)ccn  described*  But  the  presence  of  the  French 
nllics  aetcd  as  a  charm  to  stay  a  downward  course,  and  to 
infiue  new  life  into  the  busiuesa  of  the  toTrn. 

"Tb«  mnrkct  oOVirFd  great  prlceti  nnti  prompt  puy,  in  IiArd  taooey,  tat 
»1)  the  productions  of  the  surroundlus  country.  Such  no  rcc«mIuo  of 
nouibcrnt  tuilvcd  rL-iiuiri.-(l  uiurc  tliuii  could  bv  AiniUlivO.  aud  tbe  coutlng 
craft  were  nil  put  In  r^-quhltlon  to  avail  themselves  of  this  cuvlabtc  mftT- 
ket.  The  town  wa»  throngt-d  nlili  xailortt,  soldiers,  niid  other  sirangont. 
drawn  hy  potrloUsm,  doty,  curiosity,  or  the  por«olt  of  gain.  All  ihc  build- 
ings were  nguin  Illl«d  with  inbabiuntv,  and  all  th«  old  itlill-houscs,  biLkc- 
botues,  storcj  and  out-bulldlnu"  '•ore  t«i»pomrlly  rcpalre<l  Tor  tbe  use  of 
the  Frencli  soMlcrs.  The  mcuiiiiij-hDUHus.  nblcb  etiU  reiualucd  tu  ibo 
dilapidated  stale  In  which  tbe  English  bad  led  tbem,  now  were  used  by 
Cbc  French  Tor  the  same  or  slinllnr  purpo«M."  t 

THE     ItlUTISH    WRECKS. 

It  has  already  been  mentioned  X  that  in  the  alarm  occa- 
sioned hy  the  appearance  of  D'Estaing's  fleet  in  the  harbor 
of  Neirport,  the  llritish  Biink  two  and  burned  eight  of  their 
guard-ships,  stationed  in  the  Jjist  Pai^sage  and  in  the  waters 
of  Narnigannett  Iliiy,  to  prevent  their  fulling  into  the  hands 
of  our  French  ally.  Ten  ilays  l>eforo  the  arrival  of  Adniiml 
De  Teniay's  squmlron,  the  frigate  Flora,  of  thirty-two  guns, 
which  liad  been  Hunk  in  Newport  harbor  nearly  two  years 
previously,  was  raised,  aud  a  (|iiantiiy  of  provisions  found  on 


■Am*,  p.  Ua. 


\  .\(-B|<urt  Urrvur^,  Aii^uia  Jv,  isoi. 


\.\ur,  p.  B7. 


256 


RBODK  ISLAITD  CT  THB  REVOLCTIOS. 


board.  It  appears  that  ponotu  belonging  to  the  Admirars 
sqaadron  soon  cngm^ed  in  fUhin^  up  from  the  wrecks 
aocbon,  caMcit,  and  other  matemU,and  couvertjug  them  to 
thoir  oirn  arivantage.  Aa  the  wrecka  had  already  been  sold 
for  the  beDe6t  of  the  Slate,  at  an  auction  held  at  John  I^w- 
ton'a  hotel,  fnow  the  Park  House.)  in  Newport,  and  pur- 
chased by  Griffin  Oroene,  ('romwell  Child  and  Caleb  Gard- 
ner, for  the  sum  of  X75,0OO,  "  lawful  money,"  the  operation 
of  Belf-nonstitiit(!fl  wreckers  wa^  a  troxpasii  upon  their  legal 
right*.  Tliey  brou^t  the  »abject  to  the  attention  of  the 
General  Assembly,  which  dire^ed  Governor  Greene  to  write 
to  the  Admiral,  "setting  forth  the  sale  of  the  wrecks,  etc., 
to  them  by  this  State,'"  and  entrenting  him  to  prevent  fur- 
tber  trespasH,  and  also  "to  i-eslore  unto  the  purchaaera  the 
anchors  already  weighed,  uj>on  their  paying  a  proper  allow- 
ance therefor."  Thi."  pro!)ably  proved  effectual,  as  no  fur- 
ther complaint  waa  heard.  How  valuable  the  purchase  Ikccamc 
to  the  owners  is  unknown.  At  the  same  auction  were  sold 
two  hundred  tons  of  hay,  cut  by  the  British  troops  and  left 
on  Conanicut  island. 


NEWPORT  SOCIETY   IN   1780. 


fF,  in  1777,  Neal,  ehurrnedwith  Iho  physical  features  and 
with  the  society  of  Newport,  pronounced  it  the  Paradise 
of  New  England,  it  is  not  a  matter  of  8ur|)rise  that,  in  1780, 
the  Abbii  Kobin  and  the  Count  de  S6g«r,  with  keen  Hp])reci- 
ation  of  the  beautiful  in  nature  and  of  refinement  in  social 
life,  should  have  endorsed  the  Meiitimcnt.  Says  the  latter: 
"Newport,  well  and  regularly  built,  contained  «  numerouij 
population,  who»e  bnppincfs  wus  indicated  by  its  prosperity. 
It  alfunled  delightful  cii-cles,  composed  of  cnliglitencd  men 


t 


OrR  FREXCH  ALLIES.  257 

and  modest,  handsome  women,  whose  talents  heightened 
their  personal  attractions."  The  generous  hospitality  of  the 
merchant  princes  of  Newport ;  the  culture  and  character  of 
its  clerical,  medical  and  legal  professions;  the  attractive  fea- 
tures of  home  life ;  the  beauty  and  refinement  of  its  viva- 
cious young  women ;  and,  withal,  the  retiring  and  modest 
deportment  of  the  fair  daughters  that  graced  the  families  of 
the  Society  of  Friends,  certainly  authorized  the  admiration 
expressed  by  the  Count. 

The  names  and  traditions  of  many  of  the  "Belles  of  New- 
port," in  17«0,  are  preserved  with  almost  the  freshness  of 
yesterday.  Among  those  around  which  are  twined  the 
romance  and  witchery  of  feminine  loveliness,  may  be  men- 
tioned Polly  r^au'ton,  (or  J^ighton,  a.s  the  name  was  then  pro- 
nounced,) "the  very  pearl  of  Newport  beauties," and  her  sis- 
ter Eliza  ;  Polly  Wanton,  Molly,  Emma  and  Abby  Kobinson, 
four  charming  women  of  the  faith  of  Fox  ;  Isabel  and  Amey 
Ward,  daughters  of  (Joveruor  liichiinl  Ward  ;  Eliza,  Kath- 
arine and  Nan*;y  Hunter ;  Jlohetabcl  Kedwood,  daughter  of 
Abraham  Redwood,  founder  of  the  ''Kedwood  Library"; 
Mar^ret  and  Mary  ('hamplin,  daughters  of  Christopher 
Champlin,  an  enterprising  and  a  successful  merchant ;  Betsey 
Ellery  and  her  sisters,  daughtci-s  of  William  EUery,  signer 
of  the  Declaration  of  Indejiendence ;  Miss  Brinley,  daugh- 
ter of  Thomas  Hrinley,  Estj.  ;*  Miss  Sylvan,  and  others  of 
scarcely  less  note.  These,  with  the  many  susceptible  and 
attentive  French  oflicei-s,  gave  to  social  life  in  Newport  a 
greatly  increased  brilliancy.  To  complete  the  picture  of  tho 
time,  brief  notices  of  ladies  already  mentioned  here  follow. 
Firat  on  the  list  is  the  Quakeress  Polly  Lawton,  daughter  of 
Robert  Lawton.  Mr.  Lawton  was  born  in  Newport  in  1738. 
He  was  a  man  of  large  wealth,  and  iiuiked  socially  with  the 
first  citizens  of  his  native  town.  He  married  Massy  Easton, 
daughter  of  James  Easton,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  Nich- 
olas Easton,  a  Colonial   (iovernor  of  Rhode   Island.      His 

•Anil-,  |i. '.Ni. 


iitf  RnODK  ISLA2n>  IK  THE  RBTOLmOX. 

t^Mren,  biMMiee  Pollr,  were  EliabeCb,  Geoi;ge,  Robert, 
NWIiolas,  and  two  who  died  in  in&ncy.  Mr.  Lawton's  fiun- 
iIt  9eiTMit3  were  ^xteen  n^ro  slaTes,  who  came  to  his 
ownership  by  his  marra^.  The  most  noted  erf"  these 
was  **  black  :nuq  Easton.*  who  was  serrant  to  the  ladies  of 
the  6uuilr,  and  attended  them  in  all  their  canine  drtres 
and  hM'seback  rides.  Piut  ot  the  slaves  was  kept  at  his 
town  house  and  part  at  his  &nB*  at  Sechmst  I^Mnt. 
BesidiK  his  landed  estate,  Mr.  Lawton  owned  a  conaidenUe 
muater  oi  vessels  en^a^ed  prineipallj  in  the  coasting  trade. 
Ills  hone,  still  standii^>  was  at  the  como'  of  Spring  and 
Touro  streets,  in  the  western  roooK  of  which  seresal  Ficndi 
tftteers,  with  their  servants,  were  «{aartiHed.  In  the  Cn- 
ttir»  and  the  ^^inimtfUt  nuBner  of  his  danger  PoDr  there 
appeared  a  beaut  r  and  a  ^race  per^eetlr  enehaiknip. 
which  diew  fioBt  her  ftwuign  adsmms  adjectzTe»  of  •• 
prase. 

''So  naeh  beaut  t  ,''  sair«  CoodA  S^ar.  "*  do  ameh  aBpfiritr^ 
90  «neh  elejeaiKe^  so  andk  ModestTr  were  pnb^MS-  never 
Wfoee  eoodbcaed  £b  tb»  soaae  petson.  Her  ^dwk  was  wftAe^ 
£br  hvcsetf,.  whHiit  her  aaepfe  and&  nevkeMharf  and  t&a  cnvi- 
eiB»eaabriif  of  hereap..  wioeh  svoareetTsIhiwBd  me  to  ace  &«- 
^&fh«obwed  bair.  tuvl  1^  mtxiest  aCtne,  m  short,  of  a  pmas 
TttjXtD.  seemed  vainlT  tu  eodeavur  to  L'oaeeaL  C&e  moat  ^race- 
fiil  t^i^ire  ami  die  oujst  betuici^il  inrtSL  inuuriiuible.  die 
was-  a  □ymph.  raChur  thiia  a  wuamn.  H^r  ejifs  seemed  to 
reflect.  a»  in  a  niJxcuc.  the  oufeknetA^  .xad.  puritr  ot'  hur  mind 
aod  the  gpodness  ut*  hec  heart.  >fau  cetrei^ed  luf  witii  an. 
open  tn^QUuuHoess  whii:li  •leGghced  tue.  and  die  luw  uf  tba 

:^tof I  ■BWn—it."  lie..  pwbUMhia  m  ::7r.  a"UK<ii':tM[>r4MitB'  rarawin  Utiud*  I»iftDa."BB 
tWllii*»:  litiratnuri  Jutln  '^aUtiUi  .Immm  Umnnn.  -In1i1m>1  Unnnm,  H*n|irain  Bmuon, 
Mr.  Mamtum.  '.'tiaritB  WlcktuuB,  Sr.  >:liiin*.  .lunMtiHi  II— iiia  .UoTWBOr'  XUbuiM 
WMIim.  WiJIcr  tiBirtuB,  )l(ilM>n  l^iwrtin,  Vr.  Uwlcer,  .Iwmx  Hi  injMii.  Hr.  Lupwb  Mr. 
KUw.  Kr.  IhmltT,  Mr.  -?«un,  Imm:  l^mun.  .UmbMn  ttalHayit.  Jmmm  Ptntcr,  .lolinj 
livorinct  Vr.  loiBuii,  (iturgtii  llbnc.  Vr.  'iMiliL  Xr.  nillBstaMt,  Tlfcii— ■  HauUitir,  W11- 
ItUB  HeawiMt,  luLiu  Iluiuttr,  .Vr.  UBiUr>,  itudnrw  UMbwBu,  Xr.  X'trnm,  Ur,  !«*imm4I 
Urm  utU  Mr.  Waiuuu. 


OUR  FRKNCH  ALMES. 


£59 


fkinilinr  word  Mow,  which  the  rules  of  hor  sect  prescribed, 
gave  to  our  new  nrf|imintHnrQ  tk(^  appenranco  of  nn  old 
friendship." 

The  roiirersntion  of  Miss  lAwton.  marked  by  candor  and 
originality,  seems  to  biivo  been  scarcely  loss  fascinating  than 
hor  personal  appearnnco.  The  diacourao  turned  upon  the 
existing  war,  whirh  the  fnir  confabulnnt  appears  not  to  have 
viewed  with  favor.  Siid  she.  "AVe  ought  never  to  interfere 
in  other  people's  hutiincss,  unlrss  it  bo  to  reconcile  then) 
together  and  pi-eveiit  the  eft'usion  of  blood." 

"But,"  replied  the  Count.  "  My  King  has  ordered  mo  to 
come  here  tmd  engage  his  enemies  and  your  own." 

"Thy  King,  then,"  rejoined  Miss  T^wton,  "  orders  thee  to 
do  a  thing  M-hieh  is  unjust,  inhuman,  and  contrary  1o  what 
thy  God  ordereth.  thou  (-liouklst  oWy  thy  GtK3  and  disoliey 
thy  King,  f<ir  he  m  a  King  to  preserve  and  not  to  tlestroy. 
I  am  sure  that  thy  wife,  if  she  have  a  good  heart,  is  of  my 
opinion." 

"  What,"  exclainia  the  Coimt ,  "  could  I  reply  to  that  angel  ? 
For  in  truth,  I  was  tempted  to  believe  that  she  waa  a  celes- 
tial being.  Certain  it  is,  that,  if  I  bad  not  l)eon  married  and 
happy,  I  should,  whilst  coming  to  defend  the  libt>rty  of  the 
Americans,  h.ivc  lost  my  own  at  the  feet  of  I'olly  Ijciton."* 

There  must  bare  been  a  magical  charm  in  the  manners 
and  conversation  of  Miss  IjUwLon,  for  them  to  have  obtained 
auch  supremacy  in  the  regards  of  all  who  were  admitted  to 
her  society.  The  Prince  de  Broglie,  who  visited  her  in  New- 
port, says :  "  She  enchanted  us  all ;  and  although  evidently 
little  conscious  of  it,  was  not  at  all  sorry  to  please  those 
whom  she  graciously  called  her  frionds I  con- 
fess that  this  seductive  Lawton  appeared  to  me  to  l»  the 
cAf/  tTteuvrr  of  nature  ;  and  whenever  I  recall  her  imoge,  I 
am  tempted  to  write  a  great  book  against  tlie  finery,  the 


*A  wauaanlpl  nutr  iNi  Ihr  i»ar)il>  nf  llv  lolmui'  fmni  wliluli  I  •jiiulr  mji  lliat  lihT  «dk 


2fiO  nHOlJE  I8L.AM>  IN  THE  UEVOI.UTION. 

fautjtious  jfi'iR-vs,  and  tbu  L-oqiiotry  vf  iimiiy  Iiulicd  whom  the 
world  aditiires." 

But  though  !wt  in  sympathy  with  the  war-spirit,  Polly, 
like  her  fiithor,  was  tVicndly  to  Uic  cause  of  the  coh)ines,  aud 
hotli  of  tliom  did  all  they  could,  consistently  with  their  relig- 
ious principles,  to  aid  it.  Whilu  the  British  wore  in  posses- 
sion of  Xowpoi-t,  IVlly  united  with  a  (.-lull  of  younf;  women 
in  sccmtly  mnniifHOturing  clothing,  moccasins,  shoes  and 
stoukingfi  from  old  fell  hntji,  rags,  carpets,  and  any  other 
materials  they  could  procure,  for  the  Khode  THhniil  troops 
in  New  Vork,  and  these  were  as  secretly  forwarded  to  their 
destination  by  her  father  and  Kliitha  Anthony,  of  Warwick.* 

Polly  Lawton,  in  1787,  married  John  Bringhurst,  of  Phil- 
adelphia. Tl»e  wedding  waa  a  line  social  event,  the  festivi- 
ties I>eingkr'pt  up  fnr.«cvcr!il  dnys.  Bringluii"st  belonged  to 
one  of  the  best  families  of  Phihidolphia,  and  like  hia  bnde. 
he  was  H  Quaker.  Polly  was  very  happy  in  her  marriage  and 
in  her  social  life.  She  had  the  entree  to  the  ivrcsidontial 
mausioa,  by  having  been  introduced  to  Washington  at  New- 
port, and  hy  meann  of  her  husband.  Two  uhildrcn  were 
horn  of  the  marriage,  but  bolh  died  young,  and  there  are 
no  descendants  of  Polly  Lawton  living.  She  died  at  Phil- 
adelphia on  the  1 1th  day  of  the  2d  montli,  1 7it3,  nged  thirty- 
two  years,  three  months  and  Ihreo  days.  It  is  said  that 
Bringhnrat  never  ivcovered  fnim  the  loss  of  Ins  wife,  and 
that  his  donth,  which  occurred  a  sh(u-t  time  ailtcr  her  own, 
wasdue  toabroken  heart.  Her  miniature,  painted  in  17D0, 
he  ivlways  curried  with  hiui,ntlaclicd  toarnnlan)und  his  neck, 
and  when  he  died,  it  was  delivered  to  the  Lawton  family. t 

Mr.  Anthony  I.iawt»n,a  grandson  of  Kol>ert  Lawton,  the 
father  of  I*olly,  is  living  in  Troy,  N.  Y.     To  him  I  am 

•'ITiU  caieri«  of  tlw  "ItnuRliifn  vf  I.IIhtIv,"  wiilioal  aay  fbrniiil  or|ni"li»'on,  «•• 
lUtrilur  ruHr  anil  rJiiuhclh  I.BuMn,  l'Bl{ri>ri!  K»t(iii,  ;llia.  tirorpr  Irtili.)  ."ftUr  EutoB. 
(Mn.  JohtiLnild.  o.rA]p»i»nclria,Vii..l  Ktbabi-th  Anllion)-,  (Mn'.<1irUloplwr  C.  Rotihuon, 
of  boulli  KlaffilotriiJ  Uury  .Volhonr,  {>Ir*.  Koilmliii  liimlnrr.l  Unrtha  Itf^dwood.  {Hn, 
ChrlilnplKT  *i.  rliaiii|illiij  Miiu  Mar^ri'I  (.'liiirii|>1ln,  <Mr«.  Itriijamlu  MiMOn.1  luid  niftn; 

tA  llft--«UGt>or[rn1t.copl''<tfron>  lliin  inhilalurt'.  If  In  Ihn  Hcdwdud  I.tltrary,  Ncirport. 


OUR   KKKNCil   ALLIES. 


861 


indchted  for  interesting  jwilkulanj  used  in  the  foregoing 
uiirraltve,  and  also  for  pemijssiaii  to  huvo  niiule  u  photo- 
graphic copy  of  the  ininiHliire  porlrnit  of  Mrs.  Brin^hurni, 
with  which  this  volume  is  embellished.  In  a  private  note  he 
says*  "My  aunt's  name  was  Mary  Ann  Lawton.  Her 
awimiintancc  and  ft-iends  called  her  Polly."  By  thiJi  co^o- 
men,  as  a  belle  of  Newport,  she  will  uver  be  known, 

Kliziihoth  I -awton,  though  leHs  atirarlive  than  her  sister, 
was  a  rcmarkRhly  fine  looking  woman,  tdll  and  slondcr,  with 
a  carria^  of  unusual  j^race  and  frcntilily,  heijrhteuud  iiy  kq 
clogant  simplicity  of  attire.  Not withstu ailing  her  numerous 
admirers,  she  died  unmarried. 

The  Misses  Hunter, — Klizn,  Katherine  and  Nancy, — were 
the  daughters  of  Dr.  William  and  Delxii*ah  Hunter,  and  by 
their  feminine  graces  no  le»a  tlian  by  their  liejiuty  mid  men- 
tal culture,  were  ornaments  of  the  circle  in  which  they 
moved.  Dr.  Hunter,  an  eminent  physician  of  Newport,  had 
been  dead  three  years  when  the  French  allies  arrived.  His 
widow,  a  daughter  of  Colonel  Godfrey  Malboue,  inhei-itcd 
much  of  her  fiithcr's  taste  and  generous  hospitality.* 


*A  parlrait  uf  Dr.  Hunter,  now  lu  pourwion  of  his  ervaNgrau'diwii,  Dr.  Wltlinm  llublrr 
ftlRkhvod,  of  Xvwpiirt,  r«pr«t«nl«  lilm  a,  ilnriwil  In  Om  flnfiliol  nwluiw  uf  ■  )[i?iirU>inBD 
ef  lhcilv>ii&d  wcwlm  Ab»«t  vi\g.    llUooaiiivnniicr,  lalil  Ui.  Dnilii  Kiiijt.  In  ui  wliIrtM 

bdbK  the  niioda  IiIbuiI  M(i1j<.-hI  ■'UrlitT  In  IKTV.  ''  iimj  iipvn.  lianilvjiiit  &<iil  manlT.  Jicir. 
port  ««•  In  tbp  li«1gli[  u(  1(4  vunimrn^lal  j>ru*itrr1tT  ttlipu  lir  luuk  iif  dU  rr*><lpim  [u  ll>« 
town.  .\  protprroiia  fAlc  nkRrd  tilm  on  to  fartuii*.  Ilr  *IJkiicl  lilditplf  by  morriAKtt  tooiw 
ortbo  MiMi  dUlli>Kuli1icil,H(HiMfa}-and  BrUlocratlr  fttoiIIiM  In  (lu-  ralony,— tliat  Dr(i<HUVe7' 
lUbva*.  He  oitJciTcd  •»««■»•  In  bl»  pntailoii,  Kud  (■rviiH.-rltr  in  kl>  lnmUj,  iltl  [li»  llinva 
W*r«  OTprcs*1,  elnu'li-il  kinl  darkmrd  bj  prfMicra,  li»limliaiiii  aikI  Itirralrntniri  or  Hi* 
VTmrol  (h*  lti>«olui!i>n,  Dr.  Iliiutrr,  imhalil}  fViiiii  an  rail}  rx\irrlriir^  of  thf  dUaalroua 
HlTMti  of  iiD|iu1»r  ilrltifloii  In  ?ici>ll»oi1,  wiv<,  rroin  ilir  lint  apprftr»nfle  of  oar  irunblct,  an 
nii*u,aliold  aadaiiMDljaitTHinlr  furllir  KullojifijurUrrat  Udtaiii.  lljllirM-mnilliliillrr. 
HIM*  li«  oAniM  Iha  'Son*  ur  Llburlv'  ami  lh«  iMirlullv  pBrlj'.  On  JaniiM'v  31,  1777,  tit 
ilicil,  n/ltf  « tbart  lltn«M,(ronift  puirli]  rrtvr  ruinirwcinl  ■hitH  triaii<M>dMi<M  at  int  .\niir 
Hofpltal,  BfnJ  Ibrljr.tbnr  jeiu*,    ]t«  <nm  t,ur1«l  In  THnll;  chuitli.yartt." 

Thv  Nvntport  Gmtrtt*,  |niUUlicd  by  thr  Brilla'i  BUlliurlIitri>  vlillc  Sii  iiiillraTr  owupatlon 
of  Ihe  litaiidtfr  Ithoile  Ulaod,  dufillKi  lilni  AH  aeu- "  In  wliun  fuawotralril  all  IIhm«  vir- 
Iuoi  wljlcbailom  tltr  jMlrlot,  IIif  liuthand,  anil  oonipiMf  IIif  panrut lliv  |iaClpuc« 

wllh  irhJOj  lu  bur*  iliv  nJBur  anil  uiijirovolud  lUMlla  tf  lil*  uuuMr]  mrn  dcM-Mp*  nvry 
aaeemlnm, and  pprli'iM  ihr  gnadiKta  at  liU  dbpoattlon  b  not  lu  anjr  ln«iau(c  more  con- 
•fittmraa  than  In  furliraKii|  lo  rptnllair  (be  Injuiim  of  nan}'  arhom  the  rvMorallun  uf  the 
IWtliafttf  uf  till  Koicrrlmi  bail  (ilaoiyl  lu  hi)  puwcr." 

Dr.  Hnntrr,  tlipfsilii-t,  «■•  ilir  ilinl  it,  •lr)Ui-f  a  rnnrw  -4  iinillrnl  «n,l  ■nirfcl'al  Ifvlnrri, 


Orit  FRENCH  AU.IX8. 


26a 


oldc>4t,  vho  is  nn«  of  tho  mo9t  :)miflMft  persons  I  hiiro  ever 
mot."  ■ 

As  nn  offset  to  thin  disolnimer  of  the  tender  ])iifyiHHi,  criid- 
ihlo  tnulitiun  affii-ins  tbat  (lie  im]>rci^eiuii  made  on  hU  henrt 
by  Miss  Kalhenno,  to  whom  he  «poc!idly  refers,  was  stronger 
tlifiu  ordiniiry  /i-ieiHlsiifp,  and  that  on  the  night  of  ihe  dny 
previously  to  leavitij^  Rhode  Ulutid  lor  his  own  country,  ho, 
with  chamcteriatic  gullanlry,  rode  froui  Vr(>vi{Ienoo  to  New- 
port, that  he  might  puss  a  final  hour  in  lier  society. 

The  Prince  do  IJrogUe,  who  was  enraptured  with  the 
i.-hHnua  of  Miss  Chuiiiplin,  speaks  of  the  Misses  Hunter  as 
her  rirais  in  reputation  nnd  in  hcjuity.  The  elder,  Kli^u,  be 
rcmBrk8  in  criticism,  "dresses  iit  least  iia  well  as  Miss 
Cbamplin,''  though  he  adds  "nut  quite  »o  freshly,  perhaps." 
Nancy  ho  denuininates  "a  rose  in  person." 

In  1781),  Madame  Hunter,  accompanied  hy  her  daughters, 
went  to  Europe  to  see  if  anything  eould  be  done  to  snve  the 
eyesight  of  Kli^ta,  tlion  threatened  witli  blindness.  They 
never  rctnnied  to  America.  Kotherine  mniTicd  the  Count 
de  Cardigan,  a  French  nobleman  of  the  old  n^gime.  A 
miniature  portrait  of  her,  contained  in  a  locket  set  with  gur- 
naU,  shows  her  to  have  been  a  very  lovely  woman.  Xancy 
became  the  wife  of  M.  Falconet,  an  eminent  banker  of 
Naples. f  A  miniature  of  Kliza,  paintc<l  I>y  Cojdey,  repre- 
sents her  H»  even  more  beautiful  than  ICatherine.  iShe  never 
nwrried.  Devoted  to  literature,  her  eyes  were  affected  by 
clcue  application,  and  total  blindnctu;  came  upon  her.  Yet 
90  brilliant  were  the  orbs,  and  so  tittle  did  tbey  betray  the 
calamity  that  bud  befallen  her,  that  strangers  uninformed  of 
it,  when  introduced  to  her,  did  not  readily  detect  it.  She  was 
accomplished  in  musie,  and  so  quick  and  retentive  had  her 


•  UciiMir*,  KrciMli  Rd.,  [*»■*,  WGU ;  p.  »7. 

|Thrl_'auul  itu  (.'mkIIj^ui  t*  uiulontooil  lu  Iwvp  •mBpml  Ihr  nulllollu*  in  tbv  rhiDijof  Ihe 
VrMieh  R«v<i1ii|loi>-  AMinb»c«i(DP  Uii  oIDmt  In  I1<(  French  iFnl<n.'.  Hjidauw  I'mkoiM-t 
Ind  KVirral olilldrtn.  Oof  iliDKbltT  iros  niAirlinl  loCi^uiil  Ponrlali-*,  In  V»tit,  naUble  Air 
tbr  rxlrot  arKi  ll»>  gnat  tbIdi-  ••(  1il>  mllprll'in  uI  mi  In^aium.    AiKilbPT  ■luii|(lilt'r  timnv 

iha  wlh  ul  .I'iImi  Imnl  MMdJi-iuu,  *^l  ituutli  C'aiulliM. 


1.    TTi-t.  ae- 

---■-.::■  .  *E1>~ 


;  :;■:    .1 


:  '.s.-- 


OUR  FKKycit  ALLIES. 


2W 


of  ail  eai'ly  disuppointnienl.  With  tlie  second  daughter, 
Molly,  ft  cousin,  su  the  aiory  runs,  lull  in  love,  but  the  rules 
of  thfi  Soriety  forbade  a  uniou  of  those  so  near  ukin,  and  he 
was  forced  lo  subdue  his  passion  as  best  he  could.  It  is 
said,  that  on  one  occiiaioii,  after  going  from  hor  presence, 
his  dcaiiv  to  renew  the  interview  was  so  strong,  that  he 
allowcil  himself  to  fall  from  the  ferry-boat  into  the  w^ter, 
that  in  the  immcrr^iuti  lui  mi<,'ht  fiii<l  »n  ewuHc  for  retuniing  1 
Whether  this  jirdor  of  aft'cctioti  was  reciprocated  is  unknown, 
but  probably  it  was  not.  'I'lie  object  of  it  was  subsequently 
luurricd  to  Mr.  John  Mortuii,  a  wealthy  member  of  tlie  Sot'i- 
ety  of  Friends  in  I'hiladclphia,  and  became  distinguished  as 
a  preacher  and  a  philuntlii-opist. 


Mchetal>el  Kedwood  was  as  marked  for  i)er.sonal  beauty  as 
for  brilliance  of  mind.  I'ei'sons  now  living,  who  knew  her 
personally  in  Inter  yeai-s,  iitfirm  that  the  ;;Iowing  descriptions 
of  her  charms,  handed  down  from  her  contemponiry  admir^ 
crs,  could  not  have  been  cxHggei'ations.  She  uiarried  Jten- 
jamin  Kllery.  A  daughter  of  this  union  married  Hon. 
Onistopher  Grant  Champliri.  brother  of  the  Miasea  Champ- 
Uo,  already  menlioued. 


Margaret  Champlin  waa  the  daughter  uf  Christopher 
Champlin,  as  before  said,  an  enteqirising  and  u  Hiicccssfnl 
merchant  of  N'ewport,  who  owned,  lived  and  <lied  in  (he 
house  No.  11!>  Thames  street,  which  he  ptueliused  of  (he 
hcir-i  of  William  Brenton,  in  17*>7,  the  yenr  of  his  morriage 
to  Margaret  Gnmt,  daughter  of  Sueton  Grunt,  who  was 
killed  by  the  "ginipowdor  accident,"  so  called,  in  1744.* 
Mrs.  Grant  was  a  woman  far  above  the  avonige  in  noble 


*Hr.  Cliun|9Ua  wm  afuu  ul  Ctiiirtupliur  >iiil  M«nuuli  iJlMiiipllii,  ef  Cl>»rivH«iru,  R.  I., 
whm-  lie  wu  boru.  ]|e  eKrijr  nonoTed  to  >i«'Wt>oil.  II«  w w  IVivldtitt  of  llw  Huk  01 
lUiod*  Tilaikl,  aiid  ilHlInt  Gnuid  Mulpr  of  ItwMaMMik-  rrarcriilt;  lu  llie  Slalv.  Heillvd 
on  (tit  3Mti  lit  Aprl\.  iwe.  In  tlie  wvcnlr-fiftti  }«»  iif  lib  ajp.  nntl  III*  imnalai  w*r«  dvpw- 
lIcxttullicNurtli  n>i>U1CrAiiiii1  Anr>blliinrr  doIIiv  i>r  liim  -«•.,  ■- tii*  oliAnoMr  WW  i-ul 
«<  putiUa  Muiucw;! .  tiui  ut  prhale  vmrUi."—\aDfnir1  ifcrcnrj. 


Sf!6 


kFIOOK  ISI^NP   IN  TUB   REVOLUTION. 


traits,  and  her  diitighters  anJ  gniuUdaughters  were  worthy 
descendants.  Mr.  Chuuiplni  hud  one  son  nnd  three  dniigh- 
ter«.  The  son  was  the  late  Christopher  Grant  Chatuplin,  who 
took  an  active  imi-t  in  tlic  iiffairs  of  ihe  Sljite,  nnd  was  six 
years  a  prominent  Rcpre.sentative  and  Scnjitor  in  Congress, 
was  president  of  Khudc  Island  Union  Itank,  and  a  member 
of  (he  Soeiely  of  the  Ciiitinntiti.  He  <^idni]ted  at  Harvanl 
University,  and  spent  seveiid  years  in  Kumpe,  ]jririci])ally  nt 
Ihe  CollefTc  at  St.  Omars.  He  miirritHl  a  ciHii<'hter  of  Ben- 
jamin  and  MeJietabel  Redwood  Ellery,  and  <lied  without 
issue  in  I?*-IO,  in  ihi':  soveiily-scfund  yviw  of  Wis  a^'c,  univer- 
sally lionored  for  senipnUnis  iutcyrlty,  piililip  spirit,  warm- 
hearted heuevoleuce,  and  tlie  kindly  virtues  of  social  and 
domestic  life.  His  et<tule  on  Mary  street  was  suhsequently 
owned  and  ottcupied  by  the  late  Lieutenant-Governor  Dun- 
can C\  Pell. 

At  the  time  the  French  M'crc  in  Newport,  i^lr.  Cliamplln's 
daughters,  Marj^ai-et,  Mary  and  Klizal)eth,  had  grown  to  be 
lovely  girls,  and  the  father's  hospitalities  were  gnieiously 
extended,  to  the  oflifei's  of  the  French  and  American  forces. 

Mary  Chamjilii^  married  n  Bvitiwh  oflicer  named  Well,  and 
went  to  Knghuid,  where  she  died.  Klizabeth  married  John 
Cofliii  .lotios,  of  Hiwton,  where  hyr  desc^Midants  estill  reside.- 
The  three  sisters  were  all  highly  accomplished,  and  particu- 
Inrly  ^^a^g,■^ret.  .She  spoke  French  fluently,  and  had  a 
line  tast«  for  literature,  and  a  large  correspondence.  She 
preserved  her  letters  up  to  the  time  of  the  war  of  1812, 
when  fearing  thai  Uie  Ilritish  would  again  take  posi«ession  of 
Newport,  and  knowing  that  in  thnt  case  her  own  house, 
wheR'  the  family  of  Commodore  O.  II.  Perry  then  resided, 
would  in  alt  pi-obability  be  searched,  site  committed  her 
lai'gc  collection  of  papers  to  the  flames.  When  the  <Ianger 
had  passed,  she  greatly  regrctled  this  hasty  step,  as  must 
all  who  rend  the.'ie  pages.  Amongst  her  papei-s  were  iett«rH 
fmm  aome  of  tlio  most  dij<lingui»bed  men  and  women  of  the 
day,  including  a  valentine  from   Kosciusko.     This  was  sent 


OUR  FRR>'CII    AU.IK^. 


Sfi7 


to  her  in  a  box  of  ni(»lhor-of-pc>arl,  inliiiJ  wilh  j;ol(l,  und 
lined  with  tUe  mimo,  wliicli  is  n««'  in  the  p08sej*sion  of  ft 
gramlrtfpri.  (.ii'rir<»y  <'.  Mnsoii,  Kw).,  of  Xe-wp<»rt.  Iter  well- 
stored  mind,  fiwciimting  inaiun-rs,  and  convcrsationnl  poM-- 
ers,  luwle  her  society  very  nttrnL'tivo. 

Margaret  iniiiried  Dr.  llenjaniiti  Mason,  a  menrhnnt  of 
Newport,  who  was  connocled  witli  tlie^  prominent  families  of 
that  iitime  in  Ito&tnn.  Di\  Matron  studied  medicine  with  Dr. 
liMWC  ('enter,  early  took  a  leading  place  in  the  profession, 
and  died  nndcr  forty  years  of  ajje,  from  too  close  u  devotion 
to  hh  profession.  He  loll  a  wichiw  wilh  four  children.  Ttio 
eldest  duuj^htcr.  Kli/.al>etb  t'hamplin,  uiarriecl  Commodore 
O.  II.  I'erry.  The  eldest  son,  lienjiimiu,  died  In  1826,  The 
3"oungcst,<iriuit,  died  nt  twenty-one.  The  other  son,  Geoip; 
Chnuplin,  married  a  duii^hter  of  llie  late  Benjamin  It.  Mum- 
ford.  The  descendants  of  Mrs.  Maeou  are  Oliver  II. 
Perry;  Afrtt.  Frank  Vintoti,  Bnioklyn,  X.  Y. ;  llenjaminA. 
Mason  and  Geori^t;  C.  Mason.  Thetto  are  j/randehildrcn. 
Of  great-grandchildren  there  is  a  number.  Mrs.  Manon 
was  of  slight  liguro  and  of  strong  constitution.  Iler  last 
sickness,  wbicli  wad  of  slioi-t  duration,  was  the  only  illness 
slie  had  known  through  life.  She  was  seventy-five  yoare  old 
when  she  died,  had  never  worn  glassosi  and  retaine<l  all  her 
teeth  until  ahont  two  yeiirt  before  hor  death ,  when  she  lost 
one  or  two. 

The  Prince  Do  Bruglie,  on  the  eve  of  liia  depailuru  from 
the  country,  visited  Newiwrt.  With  the  appeamnce  of  the 
town  he  was  delighleil,  and  pronounced  it  "u  charming 
place."     Ilis  introduction  to  it^  society  he  thus  describes : 

"Tliat  Hunie  evi-ulu;:,  )t.  Vauban  intmilnccti  va  «i  ibc  hoiLte  of  &[r. 
Champlaln,  well  L-notigh  knnwn  to  as  far  liltt  wMlth  liut  inacb  more  known 
In  ibe  army  for  the  lovHy  fa«  ofhl-*  tlMghter.  Shewna  not  In  the  dniw- 
InS-rootn  At  the  inoinciu  of  our  srrtVAl,  but  Khfi  KppCArod  an  iiiitlAnt  ancr. 
It  la  uselt^Mt  lo  »ay  that  we  exnmltiefl  Iier  with  allentlon,  ulilch  vtna  to 
treat  her  liitudxonirlj.  for  Itiu  rnnilt  of  oiir  obttvrvnlton  wiu  to  (inil  Hint 
Khc  hud  bvatitlAil  eyes  mid  nn  atircc«tilc  mouth,  a  lovely  face,  a  line  lls<ir<T. 
«  I'retty  foot,  nnd  the  ^ueml  cflTeci  alco^ther  attmcUve.    :^lie  additl  to 


tA« 


BHOPE  IflT.AKP  ry  THE  BETOI-mO!*. 


all  tbrae  xdvaoUicpH  that  of  beinjE  dresMd  uhI  colff(«  <f  Itb  U»l«.  thmt  Is  to 
■ay  Id  the  French  r«)>hli}n,  bcwldes  vrhteh  «lia  xpokc  unit  nmlrniootl  oQr 
inagatge. 

••  We  rendered  to  her  chinns  th«  tribute  of  idmlratfoti  mkI  polite  clvfl- 
Ity  dao  to  Ihetn,  and  tlicii  hiutened  off  Tor  the  purpose  oT  Miyiiis:  JuM  nboot 
the  flame  thiuji  cuii(-er»iuK  the  Miost^N  llnrildr.  who  were  her  rlvala  In 
beaut}'  Ami  in  rrpuutluii. 

"  EnctmDted  with  these  drst  DpeclmciLS  o(  Kowport,  we  returned  bome 
at  an  early  hour.  Vaubaii  proitilsed  us  nomLthlag  crao  better  for  the  uezt 
daj,  and  be  kept  Ula  word.  Without  oaylne  where  be  mu  condacUng  ns, 
be  took  on  to  n  house  where  an  old  genlleman.  vct7  serloos,  very  slleut, 
recelTCd  na  without  taklitg  off  hiii  hat,  bade  tis  tit  down  wllhonl  compU- 
n«Dtt,  and  onl;  RD.«wered  In  moDO»j'lla'>l<^'<  to  tbe  obscrratlonr  which  we 
addreHsctI  to  him. 

"This  (Irst  Interview  ftecmcd  to  us  rery  c|iicer.  and  wc  begnn  toftnspcct 
that  we  mii^t  he  In  the  hon<!e  of  a  Quaker.  Just  thco  the  door  opened, 
and  In  came  the  very  cnrldesa  of  ;e:racc  and  hrituty.  It  wa.ii  Minerva  her* 
wir  who  had  eschaufted  her  warlike  vesttnenta  for  the  chnmis  of  a  simple 
abepherdeM.  Her  name  was  Polly  Lnwton.  Accordluji  to  the  custom  of 
ber  sect,  when  ehi'  spoke  to  us  iihe  uncd  '  thou,'  but  with  a  grace  and  sim- 
plicity only  to  he  compared  to  that  of  her  eo»tumc.  ThU  wan  ti  Npeeles 
of  Engtlwh  gown,  pretty  close  to  the  figure,  white  95  milk,  an  apron  of  the 
name  whilcnesn,  a  fichu  very  full  mid  flrmly  rastetiCNl.  Her  Itejid-dreM  Vfoa 
a  almple  little  cap  of  very  flue  inuelln,  plaited  and  pas&ed  around  the  head, 
which  allowed  only  half  an  incb  of  hulr  to  be  vi^ihle,  but  which  had  the 
effbct  of  giving  to  Polly  the  air  of  a  Holy  Virgin. 

"  She  aecmed  to  be  In  no  renpect  conscloun  of  her  chtimiA.  She  5poke 
with  cjue,  and  'tboucd'  like  the  (Junkept  Uic  most  unaffected  and  polite 
reuiarkft.  She  endianled  alt  of  no.  which  nhe  discovered,  and  did  not 
appear  dtsaallafled  nt  pleasing  those  that  she  kindly  called  her  n-lendfi. 

"  Polly  bad  a  slater  dressed  like  herself,  and  of  n  very  oKreciiblc  appear- 
ance, hut  one  had  riol  the  Ume  to  look  at  her  while  her  elder  niiiter  was 
present. 

"  MIm  Driii!i:'y,  Miss  Sylvan,  and  some  oilier  ladivM,  to  whom  I  was 
Introduced,  alter  having  quilted  the  lorelj-  Quakeress,  convinced  me  that 
Xewport  possessed  more  than  one  rooehnd  " 


Isnbel  \Vaix\  was  married  to  Captain  Hiixford  Mnrchant. 
She  WAS  one  of  the  patriotic  women  of  the  period.  From 
her  private  rosourccs,  in  an  hour  of  need,  pho  loaned  to  the 
colonial  goveriimt'nt  r;  conriidenililc  sum  of  money,  which 
was  subsequently  repaid. 

Amey  M'ard,  horn  September  12,  1741,  man-iefl  Saninc! 
Vernon,  a  prominent  Newport  merchant.     She  died  January 


Om   FBEVCn   AI.UKS. 


S«fi 


17,  171)2,  ill  her  weverity-fittti  year.  The  issue  of  this  mar- 
riftgc  was  eleven  children,  five  of  whom  died  young.  Their 
daughter.  Mary,  was  mnrrifd  to  t  hristopher  EUery,  brother 
of  VVillinm  Kllery,  the  si^ier  of  the  neclarntion  of  Inde- 
pondeme.  Another  daughter,  Ainey,  was  married  to  Sam- 
uel King,  a  distinguished  portrait  painter, — "iiislnictor  of 
Allston  and  MaHioiip."  Still  another  dnngtiter,  Ann,  "one 
of  the  spriglilliesl  wits  of  Xew[H)rt  colonial  society,"  was 
married,  October  23,  1786,  to  Dr.  David  Olyphant,  who,  at 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Revolution,  became  Medical  Direc- 
tor of  the  BiTnies  of  the  Carollnaa,  under  Generals  Gates 
and  Greene.  He  was  alsso  a  member  of  the  Rhode  Island 
Society  of  the  Cincinnati.  After  the  war,  he  took  up  his 
roaldcnre  in  Newport,  ntid  ocT<upied  the  house  on  Church 
street,  which  still  bears  his  name,  and  which  U  now*  occu- 
pied by  the  Reverend  Thatcher  Thayer,  D.  D.t  These  five 
hidieswere  numbered  among  the  graces  of  Newport  society. 

Polly  (or  Marj')  Wanton  was  ft  daughter  of  John  G.  and 
Molly  (Hull)  Wanton,  and  a  gmnddanghier  of  Governor 
Gideon  Wnnton.  Her  fntherwas  dislingutsbed  nsa  success- 
ful merchant  in  Newport,  and  while  the  town  was  occupied 
by  the  French  allies,  his  home  became  the  daily  scene  of  a 
generous  ho^pitidity.  Her  mother,  a  daughter  of  Governor 
Henry  IJuU.  was  a  woman  of  tine  prnsonce,  and  hold  a  prom- 
inent position  in  the  highest  circle  of  society.  At  her  bap- 
tism in  infancy.  Uishoj)  Berkeley,  u  friend  of  lier  father, 
stood  godtiither.  Ab  a  inemorial  of  this  event,  she  presen'ed 
with  great  care,  during  hor  life,  a  copy  of  the  Bishop's 
"Minute  Philosopher."  She  died  in  North  Providence, 
March  12,  1821,  in  the  ninety-third  year  of  her  ago. 

Polly  inhci-ited  all  the  attntctive  riualilics  uf  her  mother. 
A  sim]>lc  garb  set  off  a  sylph-like  form  to  great  advantage. 
With  dainty  feet  and  hands,  with  a  face  that  in  beauty  and 


•Marrh,  Ihs. 


t  KM  EOnft  Vtr*»a  (imMlscr. 


fU(|Wti«Biv^  a  \l.Jj%.  uu^lit  katv  rnvknl,  »x»d  with  a  mind 
lufinod  by  imreAi)  culture,  many  enthutuastic  yom^  Freoch 
offeen  ir«n>  dnv«  to  her  prMeaoe  as  to  a  duiae.  Bot 
fton  tke«e  iJke  tuived  aad  gave  htr  hand  ia  maniage  to  Col- 
tnel  JDtwiel  L>iBaa,  CUef  of  Staff  ia  G«aml  Hcatk's  Hifi- 
tnty-  hmiiy.*  la  cktae  iaIi—CT  aritk  her  fired  a  rafattre, 
Poi^y  IhiU,  a  tmu^  voMaa  of  atteat^ire  prma  and  ■■■- 
Mca.  Betv««B  thcMte  tvo  &rt  fitiwde,  a  Tnmik  iihriiii  af 
tfca  fiHaw  (k««  tfca  fiilfewai^  dntiactiM:  'FtoBr  BmB  k 
vary  haadboMe,  but  ^»fl^  Waatoa  ia  T«iy  chanM^  aad 
cUBaiag,''  aaiag  the  vocd  "  cvaaia^  **  ia  tha  seam  of  haag 
■lienor  m  ateil^eace.t 

Culie  Hill,  the  huipaable  hooM  of  John  Coffins^  Gov> 
«ator  from  17«ti  to  1790,  waa  ande  particiilariiy  aUnotiro 
bjr  the  preaeooe  of  a  haikieoaie  fimale  priatiwi  and  of  her  ftn^ 
inine  social  ooi^miuoos.  The  dbtaooe  fron  the  oenteraf 
the  tpWB  afiKded  a  pleanot  OMMaing  or  afieiBOoa  gpOop  fiir 
t|W(^w«aoftheamy.  CaUawata  themfiira  fraqaent.  One 
dv*  a  Freocb  oOoer,  aoeooqinoied  by  Sfigor  L/niaa,  nde 
cm  to  the  charaung  home  to  pay  hie  nepeeta  to  the  ladies. 
Om  appmachii^  the  boote,  the  Fnaehman  chaUeaged  the 
Va^ot  to  join  turn  in  Umpia^  the  fenee  in  front,  which  cha^ 
Icoge  he  accefHed.  The  FrHkchniaD  led.  I{i»  hofae  waa 
tuw^ual  to  the  effort,  aati  fell,  throwict^  tm  rider  upon  the 
lawn,  much  to  the  aaui.<M;ment  of  the  voung  ladiea,  who, 
iMiated  at  the  wiodowg,  had  waic-he^l  thit  specioKD  of  bis 

•AaU.  p.  .-iL 

t  Mr*.  Ljm^a  waa  th*  mutbtr  at  tlnrt***  rUAi»,  lia.  :  Aauc  Mmtm,  rMmwl  1»  Ueb- 
Wd  tL,  Itwtdrtpli,  '>f  Vlr|i»i)i>    Hs  nuied  is  5npan.    IlNiriM,  i^nicd  lo  nt^jiMlw 

Itoxwd.  >jf  .lavpurt,  laMfta,  Mm^n*,  n^hrntA  to  -' '  ArmalO,  ut  ffwilMHii.  nuw- 

sCaeUmr;  I'ailr,  /irMarj,,  Quaninl  to  Jacob  Da»Mii,  of  the  igt^ri  ■rfMwietfi.  mercb—t ; 
EttM,  'Ikil  mamMrriml;  TbosMa.  merdiwu,  'Ikil  ■»— irird;  Jolw  WaaM^  mBmhaat  Bad 
iwaaufajauoT,  mairiol  KUia,  i—fliMT  a[  .••Mil  WJieauw.  nC  rtiiMliari  ;  L>aiuel.  met- 
cltaU.  'iteri  niunaniMl;  llrvj  l(«U.  mirafatt»»T,  nMirwd  CanliMr.  liaaghttT  of  i-lUsbs 
{•rar.  of  fr«*iilKfi«Bi  r  iiiln,  riiwiih  il  m  [1  rim^iill  Tirilatliail.  nf  I'rnriitiBrr  Sail;, 
nuuTlail  lAtjoveraor  Lnawti  H.Amoidi  JnU>  Maria,  mwriitio  Jot* H.f  ■Man,  of  >"<w- 
poft;  Kadij,  (thai  jouof,  la  IWJ.  ihare  wwa,  «o  far  a*  tofM  ba  ■■ctrtiiwMl.  4,to  p«c»om 
ll*UiK  uf  tlM  nana  of  f.r»M>- 


OUR   FltRNCIl   ALLIRS. 


271 


horsemanship, and  eijually  (u  his  mortifieation  iit  the  ludicrous 
plight  in  which  ho  appeared  liefore  them.  Major  Lyniati  fol- 
lowed, his  horse  cleiiriiig  the  feuce  with  ease.  No  second 
attempt  ut  this  kind  of  uiiiusement  was  made. 


In  Newport  stK-iety  of  this  period  the  name  of  Channing 
will  Le  remenil>ored  as  amung  the  foremost  representative 
families.  Wiliiam  ('banning,  son  of  Jnlm  Channing,  and 
grandson  of  John,  who  came  to  Newport  in  1715,  was  bom 
in  that  towi].  May  ;tl,  17->1.  lie  wiis  pn^pared  for  C'oUego 
at  PhilliiJS  Academy,  Andovcr,  Mnss.,  imd  entered  Prince- 
ton College,  from  which  he  was  gi-ndiiated  in  l7tJ9.  .Select- 
ing tlie  law  for  his  profession,  he  studied  with  .\ttomey- 
General  Oliver  Arnold,  an  eminent  lawyer  of  Providence. 
He  took  a  high  I'lmk  in  his  [irufessioti,  and  fur  twelve  years 
held  the  office  of  Atiomey-General  of  his  native  State. 

In  lilM  Im  was  ajjpointed  by  Washington  the  lii-st  I'nitcd 
States  DIrilriet  Attorney,  under  the  Otnatitnlion,  for  the 
Dislnct  of  Khodc  lalaiid. 

Mr.  Channing,  nays  the  Honorable  Afilier  Itubbins,  "  wae 
well  read  in  the  law,  especially  in  the  forms  of  pleading. 
Law  caae-s  were  bis  favorite  reading,  even  for  amusement. 
Ho  had  n  large  library,  and  one  well  selceted.  He  was  very 
popular  in  the  State.  Ills  manner  of  speaking  at  the  bar 
«'as  rapid,  vehement  and  imprcnisivo.  lie  had  an  exteti^ive 
pnietiee,  attended  all  the  eonrt^j  of  the  SlJile  ivgiihirly,  and 
was  considered,  for  several  years  before  his  death,  aa  the 
leading  eomisel  of  tlie  .'^tiite." 

In  1~73  Mr.  Channing  married  Lucy  Ellery,  diuighter  of 
William  Kllery,  who,  by  her  gracos  of  person  and  mind 
gained  in  her  father's  family  before  marriage,  and  in  her 
own  ufterwanlii,  a  duaurved  rank  among  the  atLractive 
fenijtius  of  the  best  .society.  The  issue  of  this  alliance  was 
eleven  children,  nine  of  whom  wore  living  at  the  time  of 
Mr.  Clianiiiiig's  death.  Two  of  his  sons  became  flergyiuen, 
viz. :    \Villuim    Ellery    Channing^    cuiiiieni    and    honored 


OUR   FttRNCH  AI.I.IK8. 


S78 


Conrnntioii  ndoptcd  tho  Fodcrul  CouBtUiition ;  atitl  tliu 
cnthiiam&m  of  that  moment  I  can  never  forget.  My  fnther 
eotored  n-itb  his  whole  heart  into  tbut  imbounded  cxiilti- 
tion." 

An  obitunry  noliec  of  Mr.  Chnnning,  published  in  the 
Newport  Mercury  of  September  20.  1793,  says:  "The 
approviiiof  iinil  nniwiimous  voire  of  his  fellow-citizens,  in  the 
vari<»us  and  important  ofliccH  he  has  sustained,  has  rendered 
his  rhametcr  tw)  conspienoiis  to  lie  diitiiiuHhed  by  envy  or 
heightened  by  praise." 

The  Miascs  Miilbotic,  daughters  of  the  I[onorable  l-'nincis 
UlaUmne,  were  in  siieicly,  and  were  admired  for  attractive 
feminine  qnalities.  One  of  them  wns  miiiTied  lo  Lord  t^tan- 
hope,  of  England.  Mias  Kitty  Malbonc  was  married  to 
Mr.  Jiilins  AiilK)ynean.  Mr.  Midbono  was  for  several 
years  a  member  of  C'onjriTss.  nnd  died  suddenly  of  heart 
diseune,  in  ^Vu^hiugton.  June  1<.  IN0£*,  while  standing  on 
the  stejis  of  the  cnpilot. 

Mrs.  YAiztx  [Arnold]  .Senler,  wife  of  I>r.  Isaac  Senter, 
shared  in  the  et^teeni  in  which  women,  distinguished  for 
beauty  of  person  and  refinement  of  mind,  were  held.  Dr. 
^nter  Mas  bom  in  Ltnidontlerry,  N.  II.,  in  Ihe  year 
17'>M.  lie  wua  with  Arnold,  us  a  surgeon  in  hia  tiinious 
march  through  the  wilderness  to  (^tieltec,  in  1775.  After 
retiring  from  Ihe  army,  in  177ti,  ho  settled  in  Cranslont 
R.  I.,  and  wiitt  appointed  Stu*geou  and  IljysTcian  Ociicral 
of  the  State.  lie  removed  thom'c  to  Newport,  whei-e 
he  died  I>wember  21,  I7!t!t,  aged  forty-six  years.  Ho 
attained  to  groat  eminence  in  his  profession,  and  was  for 
several  yeans  President  of  tlie  lihorle  Inland  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati.  Mrs.  Sonier  was  a  <langliter  of  Captain  Khodes 
Arnold,  of  Pawtuxet,  R.  I.  She  wjis  Ihe  mother  of  four 
sons  and  two  dnuglitnrs.  The  ^onn  were  Horace  Gates, 
B  physician  of  distinction,  Nathaniel  (Jreene,  Edwartl  fiil>- 
» 


S74 


RHODE  ISLA>'U  1*1  THE  HEV01.UTX0N. 


son,  a  tttiidont  of  metlicine,  and  ChBrles  Churchill.  His 
eldest  daughter,  ¥Mxa  Antoinette,  was  raarned  to  the  Iftte 
K«v.  Xiilhan  Utiunie  Crocker,  D.  D.,  nf  Providence  Ilia 
second  daii<(btor,  Sariib  Ann,  was  married  to  Clement  Himt, 
£«q.,  of  the  Uoited  States  navy. 


The  mimes  now  given  l»,v  no  means  exhaust  the  list  of 
"Nowpnrt  liclles  in  178rt."  Other*  migrlit,  doubtless,  be 
added  who  received  honia^  from  numerous  admirers,  and 
who  imparted  to  society  a  distinction  thiit  n  century  has  not 
eelipacd.  "ITie  youth  of  to-ihiy,  wliiise  liighcMt  praise  for 
hU  fair  pnrtner  of  the  cotillion  is  often  that  $he  is  *nn 
awtidly  goot.1  fetluw,*  lias  little  kintihip  with  hi:)  ancestor, 
who  used  to  wait  »t  the  street  corner  to  see  the  ultject  of  his 
devotion  go  Ity  under  the  convoy  of  her  father  and  mother 
(ind  a  couple  of  faithful  colored  footmen,  thinking  himself 
happy,  meiinwhile.  if  his  divinity  gave  him  a  shy  glance. 
The  gay  girl  of  the  period,  who  scarapei-s  in  her  pony 
eliatse  down  the  avonno,  from  one  engagement  to  the  other, 
and  whoso  most  sacred  confidence  lit  apt  to  he  that  she 
adorcji  horses  and  loves  'pottering  about  the  stable,'  is,' 
with  all  her  ciiarms,  F|ulte  dilferciit  from  the  bhishing  Iitite 
beauty  of  1780,  who,  in  powdered  hair,  quilted  petticoiat, 
and  high  red-heeled  shoes,  gave  her  lover  a  modest  little 
glance  at  the  street  corner,  thinking  il"  a  nidst  delicious  and 
unforejieen  bit  of  romnnce  to  have  a  lover  at  all.  But  other 
times,  other  manners,  and  nineteenth  century  men  and 
women  are  no  doubt  as  charming  in  their  way  as  were  our 
pretty  anceati-csses  and  their  gallants  of  a  century  ago." 


OUB  FKENCn  ALME8. 


275 


A  PRIVATEKRINIi   EPISODE. 

THK  WEOKfiE  WASUINOTON.— THE  FIK8T  ("RITISK.— UKCKPTION 
AT  NKWfDKT.— NOTICE  OP  CAKTAIN  Ml'NKO.-SKETCH  OF 
CAPTAIN  WILLIAM   DROWNE. 

JIVEKGIXG  briefly  from  the  regular  uaiTative,  place  is 
here  given  to  a  luival  ndvcntiire  whirh  incidentally 
connects  itaclf  with  tbe  early  tlays  of  the  Freiicli  fleet  at 
Newport.  Privuteeriug  bus  atrcudy  bueu  uioiitioried'  as  till- 
ing a  place  in  occim  warfare  that  the  small  continental  navy 
was  inadequate  to  supply.  It  was  entered  iutu  largely  in 
Providence  and  in  Newport,  as  it  was  in  Uoston,  Snleu], 
Marhtchcad,  and  otber  miintimo  towns  u|ion  the  Atlantic 
const.  In  Providence,  Mr.  John  llrown  built  and  lilted  out 
on  his  own  acionnt  a  ship  which  he  named  thc"(iencral 
Washington,"  and  which  he  sent  on  a  cruise  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  James  IVhinru,  with  a  crew,  including  oAi- 
cers,  of  one  hundred  and  sixteen  roen-f 

The  vessel  was  "Iniilt  upon  the  new  constniction,"  and 
was  fitted  out  in  the  most  thorough  manner.  She  mounted 
nineteen  six-pounder  guns,  and  bore  for  her  figure-head  the 


•Ante.  p.  1". 

t  In  irrN  CnplBlii  MntiM  eonauBted  tbe  [irlrair  rlilp  uf  *itr  iiic  Blait  (.Utli:.  In  lut 
cngijcvinvnt  wllli  Urllbh  ahip*  he  was  raniiwUml  la  ■iirrrndci.  Htuitclf  ami  Ilic  mw 
wi-rv  carrlnl  iuin  llalUas,  and  dctaJatfl  Ui  Jail  «nill  cx«hao|vil  for  jirtfoiicn  cuiiilii«4  mi 
binani  a  prlnon  aMp  In  rrovldcncw.  ItrtJde*  (tii?  lirorral  W«*)ilng1(ro,  I  aplaln  Hntira 
eonniMiiilHl  actrral  oibnr  iiHratiw**,  ami  randrrxl  Tlcormii  nBral  H-rricpi  iliiTinii  (ho  ■«'. 

U«  marrM  In  New  l^odou,  O..  bM  llral  wtflr,  Mary  .and  bud  otic  nm,  .lamri.  Mnv 

30,  I77t.  Ilr  marrlrd  tromiil.  Marcli  It,  l;7t,IMiTCGaSni)«.daii(titcror  1!r*. Joarpli  and 
Rflicceii  Snixr,  vf  Proit  lilnif*.  ilir  liriiW  tbrii  Mng  wVNiIMn  j**r*  n(  ugr,  Thalr  diUdiwl 
wvtw  llvnjAQili)',  born  Julrxs.  1771;  l(iit>H«a,  born  Kovembcr  ID,  ITTV;  raitr,  bonJanez, 
lift:  Harriet  A.,  born  Jun*^  A,  1.89;  Jo*rpti.  buTU  Anpitl  i,  IThT;  Kdtaianl,  iHiru  June  a>, 
i;wl.  AflpT  lna*lD(  th«  iipa,i.:ap(Bla  Uunro  vDBaRi^il  rxlputivr)^  U  tinMat-a>,  uni5i*r  itiii  Urm 
of  Sdow.  MuDroaiiil  Siiuw.  In  lIiUbewa<uu(oriiiiini«'.  UI*  bunae  tfOAd  «d  Wt#iiuln*tFr 
■liwC,  btlwvpti  AbuTQ  ajid  SnuK  (trTPla.  Vr  at  onr  tiiar  nwuMl  Iba  "Chaplu  fiuin."  now 
within  tbn  WMi«re  IlinlU  of  Uiv  city  of  t*roi|ik«w. 


276  EHODE  I3LAXP  IS  TItE  RETOLmoS. 

e^y  of  Generd  Wa^n^^on.  Sibc  suled  firom  Newport 
harbor  oo  ber  tint  cniisc  2hlav  l*^,  1780.  actwcapuikU  hy  the 
ahipa  Mifflin,  Captain  Babcock,  and  Pftgrim,  Capbun  Roh- 
eitfoii,  both  belonging  to  SMem.  )f*^.,  th«>'  first  moantii^ 
twentr-als  «ix-poDndere,  and  the  bitter  tweot r  DiDe-poanderB. 
Mr.  Browii  sail<^d  out  of  the  harbor  in  hts  new  Teasel,  and 
Iwfore  leaving  was  entirely  satisfied  with  her  sailing  qnali- 
ties. 

Amnng  the  officers  of  the  M'aahington  was  William 
DrowDc.  of  whose  life  and  serricea  a  sketch  herewith  fol- 
lows.    The  cruise  of  ^ixty-nine  days  extended  screral  hun- 


KHir  licxmu,  WtntnofuK. 


dred  miles  east  of  the  Elizabeth  tslatids.  Several  vessels 
were  captured,  but  the  carjroos  were  of  only  moderate  Tnlue. 
Ihiring  the  cruise  >lr.  l>rowne  kept  a  diarj'  of  daily  occur- 
rencest  of  whitb  free  use  is  here  made. 

On  the  bomcwanl  [lassuuce  of  the  Washington,  under  the 
date  of  Tuesday,  July  25th,  (17S0,)  Mr.  Drowne  write* : 

"  Tbe  flrat  Mil  »e  spoke  to  tUjr  waft  •  prise  alao^  boand  to  that  fortu- 
wmlt  pteee, — iWrm.  On  flriD^  opon  her  to  brtn^  her  to.  she  wa»  pruali^- 
|o«»tj  (HjcbteneO.  anl  strack  tinmedbUelr.  So  ^urprUtoxl;  colil  as  to 
rtntagnat  coats  and  tba  tfaickcvt  uf  dotbva  ab»oititelj  oecesssTT." 


OCR  FRENCH  Al.I.IKS. 


277 


Vndvv  tho  same  date  he  records  speaking  with  liiihermeo, 
"auay  below  Oipe  (lod"  from  whom  wns  received  "the  cnp- 
itnl  inlflli^nce  of  the  trnfc  arrival,  at  Ithodo  Island,  of  the 
French  fleet,  with  trooiw." 

On  Thursday,  July  27th,  Mr.  Hrowne  ajrain  records: 

"A  Hne  day,  with  aiiiiiiliar  brc«U'.  Al  iliont  hood  S'l^man't  hmd  was 
dfrsorled,  and  wv  nrt  now  <itjinitlog  rlshl  In  for  Newport  hurlior,  wUIi  a 
large  (Iwt  Itt  slfclit.  nnxici'  Bluctc  tslanij,  oae  of  nbtch,  ii  ship  oT  tho  lint, 
U  in  ctinse  of  us.  but  wUliout  ii\v\iig  ui  tbe  Iwul  conc«rn,  (ibousli  fuur 
otlicr^,  In  coiiscqucm^i'  of  n  sigtwl.  are  inaltln»  townrcl!!  ua  rroiii  uniJor 
Point  Judith. >  IIS  they  arc  itiKloiitiU'dly  a  pnrt  of  t^c  French  Ari>t  ^nltiK 
(as  wtf  were  Informed  tho  otlit'i*  ilay)  to  Invent,  or  rnthei"  block  np  Nfw 
York. 

"  Four  o'clotk,  P.  M.  Ax  unulior  In  Newport  Imrlj'jr,  "iiilijHt  a  Tortold- 
abl«  Fr(.'ijcti  fl(.<et  of  ttiu  line,  ihu  Ailmlnil  of  wIiIl-Ii,  (,Mo»sleur  ]>r  Ter- 
nay.)  In  an  i'lrH»nt  <;lRbty-;;iiii  Hlilp,  (tlie  Diikc  <le  Boiir^»Ki)c)-  ^'<^  r"" 
fllon^slde,  wlLb  colors,  etc.,  tlUplriying  to  tie  beitl  a(lvniitAB«>-  hlR  nbtp, 
aa  Wfll  hfl  the  rest,  bdn;;  manned  to  view  iis.  their  quarter  decks  atid  gal- 
leys lined  wltli  nlllcer".  On  our  Iiiflinft  iiiii1<t  his  sUtii.  wt  snlntMl  him 
with  Ibirl^en  sunt  and  tbrcv  cliecpK.  which  he  |iolit.i-!y  n-tiirnpcl  with 
Hoveii  gHns  and  ihi'e*  c1hkm"s.  we  ihanklnt:  him  wltli  one  fjiin  and  a  nlii^fle 
huua.  To  our  surprise  and  u»toul!ibmt:iit  nv  were  Itiforinetl  Dint  the 
flL<ct  tve  saw  and  were  eliiiwd  by  a  few  hnun<  since  Is  an  KwjtUh  tme! 
What  have  wc  rot  escaped:  VCc  can  soiircely  liellrvc  our  own  seiwes! 
and  wc  arc  ready  to  ask,  ■  Is  this  exist^-nce  real  or  a  dream?'  for  wc  were 
so  near  four  of  thvni  as  Ui  iliHling^iiinli  their  Cidiira,  (which  were  French,) 
very  obvlouBly ;  nor  did  we  take  llie  least  pains  lo  avoid  them,  so  cerlnin 
were  we  of  their  belns  those  of  o«r  beucvotent  ally;  and  when  we  reflect 
n  iiionieiit  on  the  extreme  prceartousncsH  of  the  situation  wc  were  lUcu 
In,  (as  wc  had  no  hitinmtinti  or  roncoptlon  of  a  Itriiish  fleet  bclni;  ofT.) 
and  of  the  nmaxinp  chance  we  ni»  of  being  ere  this  time  In  Irons  in  Van- 
ktf  lio'j.  wc  can't  but  shudder  at  an  inlen  so  b1«  with  horror!  Ittit.  thanks 
Lo  Dim  who  roiniMftiidi  all  things  wilb  lii.'*  ,V«>I,  we  »rv  Llitis  f»r  wafe.  And 
the  Captnln,  with  his  eyvs  sparkling  "ith  sralltude  uud  plraHiire,  declares 
he  ftbnoluiely  believes  ilint  (he  cnctuiiiLincni  i»  at  last  broken,  wblch.  for 
bia  sake,  I  sincrraly  hope  to  be  the  cKUHi,  and  that  Iib  may  in  niLurc  have 
trvc  CfCKfiA  and  rc^rress,  without  hindrance  or  muiesULlDU. 

"TheAdinlritl  aciit  one  of  bis  Lieutenants  on  lionrd.  (a  very  genteel 
officer,)  who  potllely  weloiimt'd  the  C'apUdii  Into  the  hart>or,  expressed  In 
a  very  drlkale  jttnl  M-DHlbIc  manner  bis  anient  wishes  lo  assist  Aniericn, 
was  sorry  n  snperlor  fleet  of  the  enemy  had  nt  this  Juncture  blocked  them 
lip,  but  with  a  becomiUK  luulldence,  presumed  It  would  not  lout;  be  the 
tauc.  etc.,  vtc.  f^uoH  artcr  he  wan  gone  another  ufllcer  wss  vent  with  a 
meaange  from  the  Adinlrnl,  reqiicatliig  Ihc  Optaln'n  company  on  boani  ti>e 


278 


RIIOUE   [ftLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLUTTOK. 


Biig-alilp,  vflmn  tia  now  U,  aufi  liH(l  he  not  been  sent  for  Juil  w  he  bad. 
w«  aliould  hnvti  tK><!ii  up  to  Pnivlileiice  l>y  miosot. 

"To  att«iiipi  u  ilfscriplion  of  lliw  lifiiiil«?uu»  scene  with  which  we  arc 
now  rturrouiKli^il  ~  ilie  ^rnnJ  and  cU'CsDt  ■ppcarniin-  of  the  fleet,  the  noWo 
nlr  of  thf  oinctirs,  tliu  hirmnuTttltle  tralu  of  skiffs  and  bnim-*  (wlih  own- 
Inga)  passing'  nnri  n-pniwlng  lYom  ship  to  ship,  the  ciu-tislvc  cncmnnHiieiit 
to  view  on  llie  Ulntul,  etc.,  clc-  ,^woul(l  finrt  employ  for  more  iliiit'  tliu*  1 
ftm  ut  present  disposed  tt»  devotu  to  dracriptivc  service,  cspeciHlly  oh  I  ani 
conftcluiia  llwt  the  ;{ruuik-Mr  iniit  iiiH^ninL-eiice  of  the  seeuc  fur  surpUKVS 
anything  I  could  say  lo  illustrute  the  subject. 

"  5  o'clock.  Tht.-  Cuiunlii  lias  jicnt  word  Tor  the  ship  lo  neljih  imehor 
and  make  sull,  and  thnt  be  shall  follow  tu-inorrow..  Also  that  tdl  our 
prlze-N  are  got  safe  In  tinrl,  nn  agrfeiihlc  piece  of  liitelllgetice,  ts  M  wit*  hh 
eveiu  miiciti  tlooltU-cl.  anJ  the  Doctor  acknowlerlgcd  Ihe  los*  of  our  bet 
■with  pleasnre. 

"We  are  DOW  underway,  staudiiig  up  the  river,  nnd  to  our  grnat  Mir- 
prlse,  are  Just  tired  at  by  a  French  n-lgate,  which  Is  innkiug  itnll  alter  iiii. 
Whnt  it  nii-nns  we  cannot  conceive,  bat  the  commnnilliig  officer  thinks 
proper  to  obi-y  the  raptaln'a  orders,  and  la  crowding  siill  iiccorrtlnsly." 

Thus  ends  the  jounijil  of  the  fifat  cruise  of  the  ship  Gen- 
eral Washington. 


William  Drnwne,  itie  brother  of  Dr.  Solonioti  Drowiie,  waa  born  In  Prov- 
idence. K.  I.,  April  I",  ITS,').  In  early  life  lie  took  »»  active  Interest  In 
military  aralrs.  On  Juno  2,  l*7."i,  he  hccainc  au  offlecr  Iti  ('olonel  Head'a 
CM«Ddoii)  regliadiil.  He  was  wllli  the  shtlli-d  troops  at  Roihury.  Mass., 
ou  the  day  of  the  hatik  of  Bunker  1111],  and  continunt  with  Uk'  regiment 
until  the  close  of  the  year.  In  January,  177(1,  bis  ]>amc  hcadi«  tlifi  list  of 
Lieutenants  of  the  Uhodti  [Mland  brigade.  Ill:*  third  cocnmlsslon,  by  order 
of  the  Council  of  War  of  llio  Stale,  dated  the  2!st  of  I>i-crn)i)er.  sstae 
year,  constituted  hini  Adjutant  of  ihe  llri^t  n-gliueni  of  militia  In  the 
counly  of  Providence  uiid  .State  of  Khode  Ti^land.  OoluiierBoweii's;  not. 
however,  "In  onliir  lo  prnscrvc  Ihc  Interest  of  ills  Mnjeaty's  colonk-s  and 
Hla  good  sniijccta,"  but  •'  the  Interest  of  tlu-  good  people  In  tlieni?  parta," 
agaliMt  tht  "Invasion  or  ju^ntiU"  of  the  force*,  nf  George  III.  In  1777 
he  was  Adjutant  in  Ucneral  Speuccr'e  brigade,  having  Its  hcidiiuartera  at 
Pawtuxel;  and  la  lT7fi  served  as  Qimrlcrinasier-Oeneral,  with  rank  of 
Captaiu. 

Mr.  T>rownc  possessed  an  adrrntnroun  and  coiira^eonR  spirit,  and  had 
for  Boinc  lime  hem  desirnun  of  entering  the  naval  service.  In  the  fiill  of 
177G  he  wiw  invited  to  serve  us  an  offieer  on  board  tlie  frii;iito  IVovldenci", 
eoninnimlod  l»y  Aiirnlinni  Whipple.  He  subscqacnlly  arranged  lo  go  on 
the  Warri'n,  Imi  the  occupation  nf  Newport  by  the  eneni>'»  Ileet  pre- 
vellt^^1  ilie  frigate  from  sailing  during  the  wnoh-  of  the  year  I"77.  Inter, 
ocpted  lo  sailing  from  Rhode  Island,  he,  lii  April.  1778,  went  to  BobCod, 


2HU 


RHODE  ISLAiiD  IN  THE  KEVOLCTION. 


cumiutif,  »torliit;  the  provltilons,  wnlcr,  etc.  Tills  Bilmlroblc  vmscI  "or 
nbotii  (tvfi  hundred  tons  biirtlirn,  tnotintlng  twenty  nlne-poande».  James 
Hunro,  comroatider,"  niib  a  crew  oV  over  ou«  liuutlr«<l  ami  Klxty,  mtitrd 
ou  lli«  (till  of  May,  "un  a  Ave-iiiuiilliH'  citjUv  Bgiliiht  the  eucinleM  or  the 
United  Stalim  of  America,"  as  cxprcsAed  In  their  crleloal  ptiuivd  "Arttclea 
of  Agreement."  Caplured.  alter  luiicb  activti  xerrlci-,  anU  <.-arrk'd  Inio  the 
port  or  Kew  York,  he,  wltli  Ihc  oUicr  odlccrs,  was  trniisrerred  to  th<!  .lor- 
«ejr  rrlson  fihip,  where  c\<tsf.  contlni>mcnt  and  iiiibr'nUhjr  food  auoti  lir^u 
lo  make  serious  Inn'iuds  upon  hh  prt-viausly  robust  roiistltuLlaii.  TUrouf^h 
the  liitliieucc  of  some  Eii^llit!:!  rrluiidsi,  hL' wna  |)i.'rTiiltt(Hl  tu  be  absent  a 
ahort  thiiv  In  XuvtiHtK-r;  inul  vlsiu-d  Svwport,  bat  did  not  aucccvd  in 
regaluiutf  hi.**  fornjor  healili.  A  coutUmauce  of  the  Knme  Iniprisonrneat  la,^ 
the  cxceaah-cly  crowded  and  ptatlk-Dtlal  between  decks  of  the  Jersey 
developed  a  malady  rrom  which  he  never  recovered;  although  with  tbu 
constant  can-  of  hW  hroLht-r,  Doctor  Ilriiwni<,  afler  hiti  rrlfase  in  t7s:t,  hU> 
life  VTM  proloiised  to  Au<;uat  S,  tT^iI,  when  be  died, 

nc  rruvldi;nce  Gazette  and  Country  Journal  of  August  IS,  17S0,  cod- 
taloB  the  following  ubiiuary  uutie« : 

"Last  Wi'tlnemlay  morning  Mr.  Wllllnm  Drowne.  of  Ll)is  town,  mcr- 
eliiint,  departed  thin  life,  in  the  ihirtr-scrond  yc&r  of  his  ngc,  aJIcr  n  long 
eoiiMimplton,  orlK^n^Uly  occnslnniKt  by  hlH  iiMfr(-rlnf;a  on  board  a  British 
prison  ahip,  a  little  before  peace  took  place,  of  which  he  hnth  lori^  Inn- 
gulshvd  with  exeinplary  patience  and  fortitude.  Ills  rlnnouK  cliaracter, 
hencvolcni  dlapoaltlon.  Integrity  of  conduct,  and  agnvohlc  manners, 
endeared  him  to  hia  Olenda  ntid  acqnninianee,  and  render  hlft  deatli  a  real 
loss,  not  only  to  his  partlculnr  f^k-uda.  bat  also  to  the  town  and  State  of 
which  he  wa»  a  worthy  member. 


i 


>Ai  imako,  tliat  tUm  from  the  klndlr  flrei, 
1*  teen  thii  DiaRient,  nud  Ihr  nol  rxi>lr(«; 
A*  emiiij  clouda  bj  riaInK  wind*  am  tnul, 
Thrif  iMiinic  ranui  Kam  tQoarr  round  ttian  Itiil, 
HanitiUlinaur*[alri  •<>  (MU*aiir  (lay>; 
»0  life  tnil open*  aow. aiid  now  dvoajw; 
The  cniitle  AiiU  the  tomb.  a)M  1  h  aljcfi. 
To  llvp  l>  >ciirce  ilUl)ngul<he<l  from  ttKLIn!' 


The    r.ouni    Jn     ROCHAMBEAU 

'«•  Usivti.i   .1  hinkv  I7llll 


.!••  ..n-lUfci,  (  J 


OUE  KUBNCU  ALLIES. 


281 


A   TRtP  TO   HARTFORD. 

JOCKNEY  OF  IWJCHAMnEAlI  AND  Dn  TKIUfAY  TO  lIARTFOnD.— 
THEIU  «KC:KPTJ0N  THEKE.— MEETINfl  OK  WASHINdTtiN  AND 
BOCHAMBEAtT.-BKSrLT  OF  THE  CONFERENCE.  — AFFAIRK 
D-nONNEUK  AT  NKWI'OllT.-A  OONTIUCTOnS  HANDSOME 
WIPE. 


*0  months  hud  [Missed  since  the  arrival  of  the  French 
allies  at  Newport,  hut  Itochumbeaii,  I)e  Ternay  and 
Washington  hud  not  yet  met.  The  reason  for  this  delay  id 
mainly  conjectured.  It  is  said  thnt  Ibe  French  eoiiimatuler 
foU  that  the  American  chief  held  a  coolness  toward**  him, 
growinw  *uit  of  a  difiorencc  of  ojiinion  as  to  the  military 
merits  of  Lufayelte,  who  to  Washington  was  as  a  son.  Be 
that  us  it  may,  Ituchumbeuu,  under  this  appreliunsion,  and 
with  a  desire  to  prescn'c  harmony,  sent  Count  Fersen  as  a 
reprosentativo  to  Washinj^on  to  remove  the  cause  of  offence 
and  "  \\va\  the  broach,  if  ]>r>ssihle,*'  if  one  existed.  Poasihly 
a  moinetitary  di»uppointDieut.  And  even  vcx.itiun,  had  been 
experienced  hy  the  latter,  in  consequence  of  the  declination 
of  the  French  Admiral  to  leave  his  safe  anchorage  in  New- 
port harbor  for  a  more  perilous  position  at  Sundy  Hook, 
which,  of  course,  kepi  the  French  army  quiet  in  ita  island 
encampment.  If,  however,  such  feeling  had  been  awakened, 
it  was  speedily  disAipatcd,  and  the  most  cordial  spirit  of 
•■o-oporation  ever  after  mutually  prevailed.  The  desire  for 
an  interview,  that  had  be«n  couveyed  to  VN'ashing;ton  through 
Lafayette,  was  now  about  to  be  realized. 

It  wfl«  Washington's  intention  that,  from  pnidenliat  con- 
siderations, the  jMU'posu  to  hold  this  interview  should  be 
kept  a  secret  from  the  public.  Writing  to  General  Rocham- 
beau,  he  says : 

38 


.i.',r-  v    ...-.ii     .f   ti.ii-    ■>    rinuniif   oiniH    i>iui    ii"  Ihiut-    Hi-mfi'-n 
"  .1  .    •■  ■r^•.    V -'.    'if.iiiK   iM    ii   -i-j-'Ui*       '.'ir   Dnur.  uiT-r^.-'T.   ■mi   'iiir 

•  •■•':    I'C  ■!      ,'-.v^,,i.;f:.-j        »  ll(!*l    -      liH     n(ir>     Illtiir-IlilKi*.    Ur    Ut-   ilfiiir^     'i 

•  tfj  -..■.iit.-'  .i,*.,>iii.-""  •viiiir'"  W."  1"     in  TuiiK'-  -r  mle  "Ury  irr*  ""ij*t  ri, 

■it.-iit   ,.  ■..nr.-^i    ii.-.   ;».  iiTif  -.r  iiK    iin-niiK-i    iii**^-  k't      I  lanv  vir 

.'i  *■•■(■. u<y  ■..  '^pi-.ftm.  >_ir,n:,  .nmrniiinr  iim  :c'  "n.!? 
*;.    .*■.  .iuii:<*  :'>-,r  .i.m    if.  P-rtiLtit-V..  In  niTui<!*i   ;t'  ait*  irr"-u 

-.-I  'A  4fH-,.ny*/.n  "..  .Vni.!-:  yr.f.c  -\  -hts  -i^T-^ic.cmjmt  ■.t  iis 
'f"!i*'W,r'.a..ift  '-•..1-'.-*:.  T^.rr.  2n7*  t.-j  the  iaJt^r  tiir  *ii~iniim» 
'.f  *   .c.'if. »  f.'l'X''.  vr,.i.T^  r.f.  vi.*   jiiicli  to  a.-**;. 

,\  •i.'f,*^  ff.-f  *r.ft  ,'!r.*!»tt,n^  v?i*  ift^ijfnar^^i.  ind  en  che  I*ch  of 
•^-.j-tz-m-'^.f.  '/';r;ftfa.  R/<';riam'i«ian  wiri  A-imiral  I>t  T<»rtiiiy. 
jvitfi  ffiftir  «itt/;.  jrfif,  'iUt  ffMB  \<i*p'-rt  on  a  jonmev  to  Hoit- 
fc.r'J,  fjiTift.,  -xUf-.T".  ihtr  \iA*:n'.*'.v  »a*  tfi  ^ih  h^M.  The  hfw- 
pifflMft  rn*:i:\rtuiu  afi*!  ^nf'.'-rtftinmftnt  'i»»:rfc  worthr  of  th« 'jcca- 
*\i>ft.      W ru>\iiu'jflt,Xi  artrl  hi.t  tijire  arn7e<l  lirrt. 

'  l.(rf<ii  Mifir  appcarxif:'  .n  *.hft  a'.j.  thKv  w«r^  nfKi?^  with  :ni[Hisiii;r 
/■»r"rn"Tii"«  Th*:  *i'ii-.mtir'*  0<i«r'l!t,  infl  a  ompany  of  Artillerr.  were 
'id  il'tf?  'irtiiii  r.ii*:  i^\r.it*\i>n.  Tli«7  «altit«:rl  n'uhin^toD.  as  he  watered  the 
v,nu,  v;»ti  itiirtj-Mi  a'lrn,  Tr'irofi'Jii.  unil  Cofocel  Jeremiah  WaiL-sworth. 
:iri(l  'iilif'r  'I<<(iiiiviti4lif-.il  .'i'rri'/niiifi.i*  of  Lh<:  S^it«.  !n>;t  hjrn  ^-i  h<;  !)>lTnaced, 
'(III-/  :<.>■■'■  iixii  I  "(f'!.!!  v'-!(:>,Hi'- —  flu'l,  'fir'ni^jh  f:r'j'*'4.t  '.hut  rent  the 
■nr  viHi  '■!i*"-r't  :i>i'l  'if !iiiii-'l  '-.'i  'tatcli  li  ti^flit  of  tti';  iliii.itriorin  t.oni- 
trt'Mi'l'T  ill  '  In'-r  ',hr  i.ii.i'-r  ihtk!';  Jim  .vay.  Uiirfrlhurwith  Kn'iX  ;ini]  Lnf;iyetlL'. 
i.'i  Mtc  T'-ii'li-rio:  uT  i\if\r  iiiiii.'iiil  rrii:iiil.  i'.ii\'ii\i:\  Wuilswtfth — there  npoD 
Hii:  titi;  w'.ii-ri-  III'-  \\\^\'iTii;u\  ynti-'u-Xy  nT  '  '>niH:<:tiriit  nmv  lift:-  its  waibt  — 
mill  wlK^r'-.  Ill  ;i  )>'-iiiit.iriil  iiinriti'rii,  iMlt  itniiilin:;,  thor]i;|i  upon  another 
-!|i'ii,  liiiiiif'ir  ;iiiil  III"  |iriii'-i|i:il  iitl)<-i?rt  wi:r':  ti'iMy  •■ntortaiticd  during  their 

''III'-  KIII1I- '■(•ri-iiii>iiy  vvii'4  r''|><riit.':d  tti'iii  nAnr  Wiixliinifton  cnm6,  Upon 
IIk'  iiuli'Fil  ',r  (Nc  l'"n:iir-li  cititKiiniiil'T  !iinl  Mnil';.  Ttn:y  were  formally 
ri'f'civi'i  ii  rtn'  (  iiy  |,itiiillMif.  iift'^r  rrntnUyj,  the  fr^rry—  and  marching  to 
Ihc  iir'-ri  III  Ir'nil  'iT  t)if  ('ti|i|ritl  wit*:  Mii^n-  i[)i:t  liy  (iinibral  Wiuhin^on 
iirni  iili  iiiilliiity  ('iiiii|>iiiiliHi.  II.  nrm  T)i)r  flrnt  liiiiti  Hint  these  diHtin^ruished 
If'.iitci'-i  nT  Ml)'  i<r"iit  .'tllli-il  iirinli-H  hiiw  ttit-  Tiices  of  ftuih  other  —  the  tlrsl 
llii|i-  Hint,  MtrriiiMli  Miflr'rIilirC  iiiiirt.ial  r<;|irfHi'iitativ<!!t,  France  and  America 


OTTB    KRKNdl   AI-LIRR. 


fi«» 


sbook  lui»(l8  —  And  ijto  fl|>(^cUcIc  ia  dcacrihccl  lui  bHtlug  been  olic  of  lb« 
moat  aiigiMt  aod  laiposltiti  c1i»racter. 

"Tlierewvre  tlif  nublc-lwikiiig  Frcnctimcni  tpiyly  (Ircxwd,  aud  #[>ark- 
lluK  witb  Jonrel  InalKtilB.  There  was  WoshliiKtoD  —  erect,  tnll.conunan*!- 
)ng—  iu  liU>  biilT  veal.  bulT  breeclicM  buckled  at  the  knre,  lons-sparr<?d 
boots,  nliltc  neckcloth,  and  hiac,  hulT-llned  coat,  that  Hbutit  with  a  pair 
of  rleli,  matuilTe  cpftnlcit<>f).  TUnTP.  were  Knox,  and  other  Amerlejin  nffl- 
eers.  In  nearlj  stmilar  nttirc.  Tlicre  wore  Oovernor  Trumbnil,  (.'olonM 
Wadaworlh,  iiiid  other  iiol«d  pntrioln.  In  tlif  clofte-fltilns  nhort  dollies, 
etDbroUInmcl  vesl*,  iiiiU  dnib  or  crbiivou  bri)a<l-lln|i|ifd  roHt«,  wlilcli  tli*n 
OUtlngulsbed  tbe  drc5s  of  tbe  opulent  cUlzen. 

"  In  cto-te  iiriixltDily  to  ihlx  criitra]  group  wi-ro  the  Goveruor'a  Onard. 
ill  s-littfirltig  uoironn,  and  Mattroas«»  with  ibelr  slilnlng  brass  artlllorr — 
and  around,  crowding  Kit'  mrr>rt,  and  llHiiig  ovory  window,  ^toop.  and 
nlchr  bi  tlie  vicinity,  was  an  Immcaae,  eojiei-  mullltiide  — coinpo<)e«l  of 
men,  women  and  cljlliirvLi,  tvbo  had  usscuibled  Truni  Hanfurd  aud  the 
iielicbtvjrlii;;  towuii,  lo  wICucaa  the  novel  and  gorgeous  Mpectacle  of  a 
inucllrg  tn  Ainprlfn  bctw(-«n  the  n^prvtiicitlallves  of  the  two  great  m'rliliirjr 
Ikmlliifs  or  France  and  the  United  SUlcii.  Evorythtng  passod  off  roosc 
hAppily.  '  TUo  prenlt'st  Niiiii^fiiclioi),'  «iiy»  ih»>  lUrtfonl  Oourant  of  ihiit 
(lay,  *  M'd.i  CKprcNiKil  by  lUn  ptirlic*  nt  this  ni<.'«ling,  mid  tb«  b)Khc<it  tnitrk)) 
of  polilc  respect  and  nttcntlon  were  mutnat.' 

♦  •  •  •  •  • 

"Tliarsriay  ui^lit  the  couren.-uce  wa»  concltidcd.  friday  b«w  tbe 
French  offlcum  start  on  their  return  to  Newport  —  the  Govcruor*8  Guinla 
agaJn  In  martlftl  array —  esoortbig  the  dlstbiguisbed  gacAt4  to  the  river 
bank,  while  thirteen  gnns  rencwedjy  rtnt  the  air.  The  sanic  parade  wns 
a;;aln  prndiired  on  the  fidlowing  mornbijS^  nt  wbif^li  time  (lenornl  \Vha)i* 
Ington  urn!  Hulto  xhook  bunds  with  tbr  lio^pltxlili*  Wadsworth,  ttm  worthy 
Oorernor  Trumbull,  titid  iitiincrunR  other  fyiends— and,  amid  volleys  of 
huzzas,  started  for  the  beadquartvrs  or  the  aniiy."* 

An  agreojiWe  surprise  tn  tbe  meiuhers  of  the  conference 
was,  that  when  the  bills  were  called  for,  Ihcy  wore  infonned 
"that  the  (fnvcmor  of  (^nnccticul  hail  given  onlen-  th»t 
they  should  pay  nothing  in  that  Stale,  but  should  be  at  free 
cost." 

Of  this  jonmey  Genenil  Rochamltcati  rolatt-s  the  follow- 
ing incidents : 

"  Iu  fcoloti;  to  this  conference,  the  c&rrla^  Ii  wblcli  I  rode  with  Adtnl- 
nl  Dc  Ternay,  who  was  very  InDrm,  cbnnced  Do  btmlt  down.    I  aeol  Per- 


■  Life  ur  TrunitxiU,  pji.  iWHSv.-Hw- 


29U  MBOOT  VfLASD  tS  THX  RKTOCXTK». 

an.  By  Ant  Aidc-de-<.uip.  for  a  whedwrlfht.  who  Itrcd  a  nule  diaunt. 
B*  KCnriMd,  and  toU  me  be  had  fooad  the  inaa  aiek  with  a  quactao 
tKm.  wfao  said  that  bia  bat  ftall  of  goliKaa  woald  aot  ladne*  bim  to  work 
fa  the  nljirbt.  X  prevailed  on  tbe  Adnfral  to  aeeompaor  ne  to  tbe  ■aa'a 
•bop,  that  w«  nigbt  together  af^eit  him.  We  told  him  tbaX  General 
Waabinstos  was  to  arrlre  En  the  ereofiig  at  Bartftml  go  eonlbr  with  aa 
the  aext  d^.  and  that  the  caafenatm  woold  fka  If  he  did  aot  isend  our 
earrlase.  *Toa  are  not  liara,'  said  he,  *  for  I  have  nad  in  a  ConnecCieat 
paper  that  Waahim^ton  Is  to  arrire  there  tiiia  evening,  to  eoolfer  with  yoo- 
Aa  it  (a  for  the  public  service,  joor  carrla;^  shall  be  readf  for  joa  at  < 
o'doek  to-morrow  momlDg/  He  kept  bia  wordr  •od  we  act  off  at  the 
boor  tndfealed.  On  numlnff  from  thia  eonftreoee  another  wheel  waa 
broken,  and  we  were  agalii  forced  to  go  and  haianKae  oar  whedwright. 
*  Wdl,'  aald  be,  'do  joo  want  Co  make  me  work  again  In  tJie  ai^lt?' 
*Alm'.  ja,'  I  reined.  'Admiral^BodDey  ia  arrived  to  triple  the  naval  forcen 
that  are  oppoaed  to  na,  and  it  la  of  tbe  otmoat  cooaeqaence  that  we 
aboold  retnn  witboat  delajr  to  Rhode  Ltlaod,  to  rcsiat  bia  attempu.'  '  Bot 
what  can  jaa  do,'  returned  he,  *  with  joar  rix  ahipa  againat  the  twenty 
Engllab  veaaela?  *  '  It  will  be  the  moat  glorfoua  daj  of  onr  lift.  If  tbej 
attempt  to  break  oar  Hoe.'  *  Come,  come,'  said  he,  *  70a  are  bnve  men ; 
70a  AaQ  have  yoor  carriage  at  live  o'clock  to-morrow  moming.  Bat  tell 
me,  l>efore  I  act  mjaelf  to  work,  altboagb  I  do  not  wbth  to  ioqniie  into 
TOOT  aeereta.  how  did  70a  like  Waahlngtoa.  and  how  dU  he  like  700?' 
We  aaaoted  bim  that  we  had  been  drii^ted  with  him.  Hia  patrlotlaB 
waa  aatlafled,  and  he  kept  his  word  wttb  u.  It  Is  not  m7  iatenUon  to 
create  the  Impression  that  all  Americana  are  like  this  good  wliedwrlgbt; 
bat  all  tbe  fiumera  In  the  Interior  of  tbe  eoaatC7,  and  almoat  all  the  land- 
boldera  of  Connectieat  have  this  poUle  spirit  animating  them,  and  wbld 
■right  aerv*  as  a  model  for  nian7  othen.*^ 

Of  the  result  of  this  conference.  Count  Dumaa  says : 

"  General  Washinj^n  and  Genersl  Bocliambeaa  decided  on  passing  the 
whole  winter  io  passive  observation,  always  holding  themselves  ready  to 
profit  by  the  most  (kvorabte  circamstances  which  might  preseot  tliem- 
•elves.  Tbe  whole  of  this  compantlve  sospenalon  of  hostilities  was  well 
employed  In  putUng  the  American  army  in  good  condition  for  the  opening 
of  tbe  campalgD ;  and  General  Rochambeaa,  od  his  side,  who  was  expect- 
ing tbe  arrival  of  the  secoad  division,  prepared  himself  to  aid  <Hir  allies 
with  vigor." 

Society  and  the  camp  were  slightly  agitated  by  an  affaire 
(Phonnfiur,  which  took  place  September  6th,  between  the 

•Mrmoln  of  Boch— ib—n.  Fmdi  ei..  vol.  I,  pp.  291,  232. 


i 


OUR  pnKscii  Ai.Lres. 


985 


VicuitiLe  dc  Xoailloi  uud  Ck)uto  Dillon,  un  atiicer  of  tbe 
Duke  do  Liuiznn's  legion.  Blunt-bard  siiya,  "the  cause  of 
the  qnaiTel  doea  not deuono  to  bo  mentioned."  The  papew 
of  the  day  uro  silent  in  regard  to  the  iiffair,  and  probably  no 
srHous  results  followed  the  meeting.  A  fen-  dnys  Liter,  M. 
Cosle,  tho  chief  physician,  and  M.  IJJanchanI  visited  Provi- 
dence, to  oxaniino  (he  liospitjil  llierc.  They  found  it  in  very 
good  condition,  and  containing  three  hundred  and  forty  sick. 
In  New[>ort,  iiL  tlm  same  date,  tlie  sick  in  the  hospital  num- 
bered a  few  muro  than  two  hundred. 


A    CONTRACTORS    HAND80ME   WIFE. 

Among  the  on  dit)t  of  temporary  lady  residents  of  New- 
port, while  it  WHti  occupiod  by  the  Frcudi  allieH,  Chastollux 
has  preserved  the  following:  "  Mi-s.  ('arter,  a  handsome 
young  woman,  whose  husband  is  cuncerued  in  furnii»hing 
our  army  with  provisions,  and  lives  at  present  at  Newport* 
told  me  that  jroin*;  down  one  momini;  into  her  hnsljand's 
othec,  not  mueh  decked  out,  but  in  n  rather  elegant  Fi-ench 
undress,  a  furmor  of  the  ^fa&sochusetts  8tatc,  who  was 
there  on  busiue^,  seemed  surprised  at  seemg  her,  and 
asked  who  that  young  lady  Mai4.  On  being  toUl  Mrs. 
Oirlcr,  —  'A3*c,'  said  he,  lond  enough  for  her  to  hear  him, 
*a  wife  uud  a  mother,  truly,  1ms  no  business  to  be  so  well 
dressed.' " 

Mrs.  Oirtor*:*  husband  was  an  KnglUliman,  who  had  l»en 
unfortuiiale  in  business  in  London,  and  bad  come  tu.Vuierica 
to  retrieve  his  fortune.  Ilis  real  unmo  was  Jo/in  Jiarker 
CfmrcJt,  but  he  took  the  name  of  Cfrrttrt\  that  his  friends 
might  hear  nothing  of  him  until  ho  had  su('<'ce<1ed  in  his 
design.  His  activity  in  the  Itcvolution,  m  a  Whig,  brought 
him  to  the  notice  of  General  Philip  Schuyler,  wliOi>c  daugh- 
ter he  married.  (_)n  the  arrival  iif  llio  Freneb  nlliot!,  he 
obtained,  in  conjunction  with  Colomd  WjtdjiWurtli,  a  princi- 
pal share  of  the  eonlruet  for  furnishing  them  witli  supplies. 


286 


RItODK  ISLAND  !>'  THE  REVOLUTION. 


The  hoped  for  foituiie  wm  nuido,  aod  after  the  war  he 
retunicd  to  Eu^rlaod. 


A  PAINFUL  SURPRISE. 

ARNOLD'S  TREASON.— OPI>-IONS  OF  QRKBNE.  WASHINOTON. 
AND  IVTHEIW.— ANDItt  A  riilSONKR.— HIS  TRIAL  AND  KXE- 
CL'TION.— VIEWS  OF  A  BRITISH  OFFK'ER.  — A  SKETCH  OF 
ARNOLD.— A  SKETCH  OF  ANDBft. 


HILE  the  coufer^Dcc  was  iu  sessiou  at  Hartford, 
another,  of  a  difibrent  chnractcr,  was  Iwing  held 
at  West  Point,  between  its  commander,  General  Itenediet 
Arnold,  and  u  reproscntalive  <»f  Sir  Henry  ('linton,  Com- 
niMiider-in-('hicf  of  the  British  forces  in  Ameriea,  baving  for 
its  purj^osc  the  delivery  of  that  post  into  his  hands.  As 
Washington  jouniyyed  hack,  revolvinj;  in  his  niind  what 
movement  the  imemy  might  make  that  wouhl  leail.  on  his 
part,  to  e;irly  action,  ho  little  mistrusted  tlic  i)aiuful  surprise 
that  was  in  tslore  for  hiro.  When  he  reached  West  Point, 
he  was  asto^nl^ed  to  learn  that  ArnoH,  entrusted  \\"ith  the 
most  important  oonimand  in  the  whole  linn  of  dofenees,  bad 
sold  hinhsclf  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  and  hud  Hod  for  safety 
to  the  Vulture,  then  lying  iu  the  North  river;  that  Major 
John  AndnJ,  .\djutant-General  of  the  British  army,  hud, 
under  a  tictitious  name,  been  arrested  as  a  spy ;  that  upon 
the  person  of  Anilrfi  had  been  foumi  papeni  showing 
Arnold's  purpose  to  betray  his  post  into  the  handht  of  Sir 
Henry ;  and  that  the  eoiisummation  of  an  act  of  treachery 
whieh,  had  it  surceedcd,  would  hnvo  jeopardized,  if  it  had 
not  ruined,  the  American  cause,  was  prevented  by  a  want  of 
self- possession  on  the  part  of  Andn^,  at  the  moment  when 
he  was  halted  near  Tarrytown  by  his  captors. 


OUR  FRKNCH  ALUES. 


287 


When  this  ftfit  of  trenchery  became  krioivi),  a  thrill  of 
horror  ran  through  the  whole  country,  followed  by  pxprea- 
Kioiisof  lh«  strong^t  indignation.  Suid  Getienil  Nallmiwel 
(i)-eene : 

"Nothing  CAn  cquAl  Arnnlil's  vlllnlny  but  hl«  mcanncSM.  IW  ]»  thv 
blackest  or  all  nmrtftb,  and  the  inc-i»i«stnr»llciy»nir«.."  lll-t  rohhrrjr  an*) 
pliiixliT  uf  the  KtorcM  at  Went  I'ulut  exceed  alt  belief.  Nor  iMiild  I  bitvc 
persuaded  inVMulf  Hint  il  vtiih  |jo*«ibl>!  for  aiiytlilne  fliort  ot  the  duvll 
Incarustv  tg  |>erp«lral«  bucIi  horrid  crltnw,  and  oonipllcntwl  acl»  of  nut- 
callty. 

"  Sluce  the  tM  of  Luciftr,  nothtn^  hag  txiiialeU  tlie  (kll  of  Am^il.  HIm 
military  rcpntatlnn  In  Kurope  ami  America  wan  Ilnttcrln^  lo  tlic  vanity 
of  the  llrwt  ririicrn!  of  tho  ngi-.  l\v  will  now  vink  tut  loir  as  he  haii  bccit 
lil{;li  b^foru:  anri  as  the  devil  made  war  upon  beavfii  ntlvr  hix  Hili,  su  I 
expect  AruDli]  will  upon  America.  Sboold  lie  9ver  fUt  Into  our  bands,  bo 
will  be  a  BWift  Kaerlflc«."t 

Lieutcnant'Colonel  Kleazer  C)8wald,  who  served  aa  Ciip- 
laiii  under  Arnold  in  the  expedition  HgAJust  Quebec,  writes: 

"  He  bM  convinced  the  world  that  ho  la  u  base  a  pmatUatc  aa  thin  or 
any  other  eoumrj  ever  nurtured  tu  maturity,  and  w  a  piinlnhment  fhr  the 
roormlty  of  hU  crlmcK,  Uie  inark  of  Calit  la  branded  oa  hiui  In  the  most 
Indelible  characters. "t 

General  Lamb,  who  also  as  a  Captain  foupht  nnder 
Arnold  Ht  Quebec,  said  to  an  o/fieer  that,  after  the  capture 
of  Andr6,  brought  a  flag  with  the  traitor's  eonipliinenta : 

"Be  Rood  cooBifb,  sir,  to  Ull  General  Arnold  that  the  ncquniniance 
iKiwceu  UM  U  ti^Tgntten,  aiid  thai  If  he  were  to  be  banged  to-iDorrow,  I 
Would  go  barefooted  to  witness  his  execution."} 


(|Bath  Mian  to  Aranlil,  ny  warttijr,  p»<t  fellew, 
I  httB  ftin  tnneli  bcttct  limn  cth  I  ddl: 

Tea  tin  like  a  fvlner.  wlrh  tlal  mar  (^  mellow : 
Bat  mind  llini  yoa  txilb  dbji»i  wtiM  I  hU. 

l^olli  ArnaM  lu  Satnii.  m;  frlpiiil,  <la  nut  ilutibl  iuf. 

111  ■Irlell;'  ailliKr*  la  >ll  fi'Uf  K***'  vtrin : 
Ta  jrou  I'm  itrvotnl,  arUli  all  UllaK*  »tomt  ow : 

yoall  prrtnlt  B>c,  I  liopc,  lit  lU*  l«  mjr  alMM. 


M,i7at>. 


I  TImn'*  •foarula  9.  tL 


1  Letter  to  rimenl  I 


288  RHODE  I8LA>ID  IN  THE  REVOLUTIOK. 

Washington,  in  a  letter  to  (lovemor  Keed,  writes  r 

*'Arnol(t'fl  i^autlocL  la  bo  rlllalnously  perfidious,  that  tb«rc  arc  no  temm 

tlmt  can  describe  the  haneneM  of  hlii  heiirt Tl\c  cotittd^nce 

*nd  Toi]y  which  hiiv«  ninrkcd  the  tobsequciit  conduct  or  IhiR  mnn,  are  of  a 
piece  with  hU  vlUaliiy,  and  xll  thre«  Rre  putfcct  In  their  kind." 

From  HeiiJtiUiirters,  neiir  AVesl  Point,  he  writes  to  Gen- 
eral liocIiAnihcnii : 

"By  lucky  ncelik-nt.  a  coiiciilnify  of  thu  most  d«iiBeron»  nalnre,  the 
object  uf  which  wot!  Ut  sacrlllci.-  this  post,  IiitA  been  detected.  Ceiieml 
Ai-nokl,  who  has  .iiillled  til^  former  ^lory  by  the  binckest  tnHRon,  luu 
cacsped  to  ihc  enemy.  Thiit  in  mi  went  which  occjuIoud  me  eqoni  re};r«i; 
■nd  mortiflcntlou ;  but  traitors  are  the  urovvth  of  every  connlry,  niid  in  a 
revolullou  of  the  prcseut  iinture.  It  Is  more  to  be  woudercd  at  that  the 
catuluguo  Is  N»  Etiiall,  than  that  there  liare  been  found  ■  f^w." 

To  GeuciiLl  Heath,  fi*om  Itoliiiisou's  house,  he  writes : 

*'  Alqjor-Oencral  Arnold  biu  gaoe  to  the  cDcmy.  He  had  hud  nn  Inter- 
view  with  Major  Audrfr,  AdJnUint-GeiierBl  of  the  Britlsb  nrroy,  and  bad 
put  lnt«i  bin  pcmscHiflon  n  Htatempnt  of  our  army,  of  the  garrison  at  tblt 
post,  of  the  niiraber  of  men  considered  ao  neccBsary  for  the  defence  of  It, 
■  return  of  the  ordnauvu,  nud  of  itie  dlspo!<3tlori  of  the  artillery  corps  In 
OHflfl  of  ui  alarm.  Ky  a  muRi  provldrntlol  InterpotiUlon,  Mujur  Andr£  wbj 
taken  In  retDraIng  to  New  York,  with  nil  those  pnpore  In  General  Arnold's 
band-writing,  who,  hcarin;;  of  the  matter,  kept  It  secret,  nnd  left  hl9 
(jnarlers  liiuiicdiiilrly,  umlor  the  pretcticc  of  f;oluK  over  to  West  I'olnl,  on 
Mondny  forenoon,  aboiTi  an  hour  before  my  arrival,  then  pOMhed  down  th« 
river  In  the  b&rse,  which  wati  not  dUcovered  till  I  had  rvturued  from 
WvHt  I'uiut  II  the  mftcruouu ;  and,  when  I  received  tho  Drttl  informatlou 
of  Major  Audr^'fl  capture,  ineattiireH  were  ineitiuitiy  taken  to  apprebetu] 
Qcnuml  Arnold;  but  before  the  offlcers  sent  for  the  pnrposc  could  rcacli 
Verplanck*»  Point,  he  had  passed  It  with  a  Cln^,  nml  };ot  on  board  the  Vnl- 
turt)  ahip'of-war,  whicli  lay  a  few  niilev  below." 

In  reply  ta  a  letter  from  Liciiteniuit-Coloncl  Joliii  Lflu- 
rcns,  who  had  snid^  "Arnold  must  undergo  a  imnishmcnt 
comparatively  more  severe,  [tliiin  the  suH'eriug  uf  Audr^.] 
in  the  pennanent,  increasing  torment  of  a  mentnl  hell," 
Wiishington  wrote : 

"  111  no  Instance  since  the  comntmcemeot  of  ilic-  wav  han  the  Interpeil* 
Uon  of  rroridcncc  appured  mora  Mmarkahly  conaplcuoua  cluui  in  fha 


OrX  FEEPCH  AUJES.  i>? 

reacae  of  Oe  pasa  tsi  arn*-:a  as  "Ktsi  P^lsi.  H;>v  ^J-  ArsKni  imkhI  lo 
ioToIre  bc  is  lie  csiskt^^  ■:'  lij?  ;uu«  i.-«5  »;«  ilf^u-  ^r  ary  -jtoa- 
bitable  ctUok*.  «a^  I  ur  btrlixK-i  v-  iz.'z^  V  i>i  »:•:  «i.>i  i-o  hszkrd  ibr 
more  ImporUEt  ctiitfr;  *7  *a«L;«jir  "-:•  oabow  :w?  jfwwr  cmt$^ 'J>r 
lesser  of  wUcli  mislu  b*T«  tt«m»:  tJ*  crtxitT.  A  esMtb-inKi:*  of  ocrm- 
onUaarjr  ciressisascia.  u»i  utfeccoo^SAbut  otf^i^ai^ac  of  joeaaxv  of 
mind  iB  a  mu  c^  tbe  Irt-l  ibL'-tjc*.  &»f  tit  Ttrtse  C'f  thmt  silnu  mnu 
threw  tbr  X^-Biasr^-HoitTt^  z^  zitt  B:^^«i  fomes^  viih  fbZ  prwif  «tf' 
Amolir*  ibUwixs.  ixio  oc;  iiui^fw  ud  !>ct  T^r  Uar  e^nxiost  KCr  or  ilie 
bewfkleRd  coBcc^cxn  c-f  lJttiWa=:-C';v:-tK-l  Jsbikob.  wbo  bmshsI  lasS 
Id  Mtoats^BCfit.  ia'  i»i>:  u>  bare  k»»v^  wbu  be  vu  Aoin- 1  cbaaJd 
nudoabtodlT  hare  ^90^  1tt»owL 

"Aadre  b»  iMfi  ij»  fmu.  sxnI  v^tl  iku  Sct^ttaie  wixh  v«5  10  be 
expcctol  from  as  acrviLpCJf'hed  mas  antJ  a  sa^laxt  oSe«r-.  bet  I  mistake  if 
Amok]  is  caCrriii^  at  *^'t»  ti»e  tbc  tonbaiU  of  a  wesul  belL  He  waatt 
feelb^  Froa  fofbe  xnlz*  d  La  ctencser  vUdb  bare  latcj?  come  10  bt 
koowledse.  be  t«es«  &o  bare  >«s  fo  backncred  la  criioe.  10  ^as  to  aH 
aenae  trf  bot»r  a&]  citame-  Uiat  vilje  bis  £Kxiltie»  «i:i  enabie  bla  v^  cok- 
tlaoe  bi*  sorfid  p>3r»s^.  tbere  will  be  do  liate  for  renwrse.*' 

A  hundred  yean,  dow  passed,  have  but  slightlr  dimin- 
i^Kd  a  punfbl  interest  in  the  sad  etory  of  Major  Andre. 
He  was  an  accompltatked  officer,  and  had  an  amiable  disposi- 
tion. Ambitious  to  serve  bis  King,  and  to  win  glonr  to 
himself,  he  came  to  America.  .\fter  advert  fortune  in 
Canada,  where  be  was  made  a  prisoner  of  war,  he  became  a 
member  of  General  Sir  Henry  dlinton's  militar>'  fiamilv.  was 
promoted  to  tbe  rank  uf  >!ajor,  and  made  Adjutant-General 
of  the  British  army  uij'ier  hi-  t-ommand.  A»  the  agent  of  ?ir 
Heniy.  be  entered  into  negotiations  with  Arnold  for  the  sur- 
render of  West  Point,  to  *-onij»lete  which,  be  was  induced  to 
risit  the  General  at  Lis  ^juarter-,  and  on  bis  return  journey 
to  New  Yort  was  Uken  priH:*Der  without  the  American  lines. 
When  brought  liefor*;  the  proper  authorities,  he  was  frank  to 
confess  his  rank,  and  the  j^urpoi^e  of  his  mission.  His  own 
words  were  (atal  te-^tirm^nie^.  An  impartial  Court,  !»efore 
which  be  wa^  trie*!,  aii'l  of  which  I^fayette  wa*  a  member. 
'  prononnr-ed  him  u  ~i'y-  ^"d  a-  ^uch  ctMidemni-d  him  to 
death. 

Andp'  knew  tiutt  lo  t*e  hjuiged  wa»  the  fate  i»f  a  "tm^  icted 
57 


tBKCH  ALLIES. 


S91 


mnrks  mc  as  the  vii.-tiiii  of  policy,  nnd  not  of  rc3cntroent,  I 
simll  e.\]ierieiK.-t!  tin-  njteriitionoftlie^G  fcvliiigs  in  yoiirbi-east 
by  bi'ing  informed  Ihitl  1  am  not  to  die  on  n  gibbet." 

But  thougti  Wasliinglon,  as  lias  been  asserted,  was  so 
afleetcd  "that  Ids  hand  coidd  scarcely  command  bis  |>en 
when  signing  the  warrant  for  the  execution, "  he  did  not  feel 
at  lil)erty  to  niudify  the  decision  of  the  Court,  and  Andre's 
reqiieat  eouK3  not  bo  grnntfid. 

Wa.-thitigton  has  Ik-oii  jicverely  censured  for  having  sanc- 
liuned  llie  decision  of  lliu  Court  Martial,  but  not  with  well 
founded  reason.  That  he  symptithiKod  with  Andrt^.  and 
would  gladly  have  spared  Ids  life,  his  words  and  actioua 
prove.  Hut  Andr4>  had  frankly  avowed  hiuii*elf  a  spy,  and 
had,  with  equal  franknetts,  declai-cd  to  Colonel  Tallniadge  that 
had  his  negotiations  with  Arnold  been  successful,  he  would, 
at  the  head  of  a  seleot  corps,  lisivi?  taken  Fort  Putnam,  and 
Iheu  the  key  of  the  country  would  have  b«en  in  his  hands, 
the  glory  of  a  splendid  achievement  would  hnve  been  his 
reward,  and  the  rank  of  n  Urigodier-Genenil  bis  position. 
Aflcr  !<uch  avowals,  what  could  Washington  do  other  than  to 
approve  the  findings  of  the  Court,  iind  order  the  execution? 
It  was  a  trying  duty — a  stem  duty — but  the  niles  of  war 
and  the  oxigcticioK  of  the  times  demanded  Ita  performnnee, 
and,  sad  as  he  was,  he  did  not  falter. 

"  It  has  been  alleged  in  AitdrCii  bolinir,  as  »  mltljcAtln/;  c1rcnmsUnc«, 
that  hr  wax  Involiiiilnrlly  a  npy.  II  h  Lriic,  lie  tliil  tiuL  come  on  ntmn-  In 
borrowed  garb,  nor  wltli  a  dv»\f(n  to  pans  hlmneir  off  for  another,  and 
procure  9«cret  luroriuailou ;  but  bv  chiuo  under  clusk  of  uiidtii^lit,  iti  !<up- 
posed  nArty,  lo  elTvcl  the  bctrnfiiJ  of  «  holj-  trust,  and  It  vm  bis  uniiau 
eagemcM  to  secnr<>  thn  obJ>frcu  of  iMi  vlnnd^f^tlnc  lnt«rricw  time  broit^hi 
hfm  Into  tlic  conrlitioci  o(  an  iiudoubted  Hpy.  It  certainly  sbonlil  not 
Roften  uur  view  of  bU  minjiion,  tbat  tiv  rnibnrk«(I  in  It  wltliout  Intemling 
to  BObJi-ct  Ii1as«ir  to  daogvr."* 

Under  hia  feigned  signature,  he  intimated  in  a  letter  to 
Colonel  Sheldon  tbat  he  should  *' endeavor  to  obtain  [>ermiit- 


•  InUt^t  Lift  or  WMhlBCtoo,  tr,  jk  UL 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  293 

and  made  a  pniisc.  '  Why  tUU  emotion,  sir?'  said  nii  ofllcor  by  his  Ride, 
lustantly  rucovcriiij^  his  couiposurc,  he  said,  '  I  ntn  reconciled  to  my  death, 
but  I  detest  the  mode,'  ....  The  victim,  after  taktnf^  off  his  hat 
and  stock,  bandaged  his  own  eyes  with  perfect  firniness,  which  melted 
the  hearts  and  moistened  the  cheeks  not  only  of  his  servant,  but  of  the 
tlirong  of  spectators.  The  rope  being  appended  to  the  gallows,  he  slipped 
the  noose  over  his  head,  aad  adjusted  tt  lo  his  neck,  without  the  assist- 
ance of  the  awkward  executioner.  C'olonel  Scammel  now  informed  htm  that 
he  had  an  opportunity  to  speak,  if  he  desired  it;  he  raised  the  handker- 
chief from  his  eyes,  and  said,  '  I  pray  you  to  bear  me  witness  that  I  meet 
my  fate  like  a  brave  man,'    The  wagon  being  now  removed  from  under 

him,  he  was  suspended,  and  instantly  expired Thus  died  In 

the  bloom  of  life  the  accomplished  Major  Andrt,  the  pride  of  the  royal 
army,  and  the  valued  friend  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton."* 

Rev.  Enos  Hitchcock,  D.  D.,  long  the  honored  and  influ- 
ential pastor  of  the  First  Congi-egational  Church  and  Society 
in  Providence,  at  that  time  a  Chaplain  in  the  army,  was  also 
present,  and  left  the  following  recoi'd :  - 

"  October  2d.  At  13  o'clock  this  day  was  executed  Major  And r^.  He 
received  his  fate  with  greater  apparent  fortitude  than  otiiers  saw  It.  He 
appeared  a  most  genteel  young  fellow,  handsomely  dressed  in  his  regi- 
mentals. When  he  came  to  the  galiows,  he  said  he  n'ell  knew  his  fate, 
but  was  disappointed  in  the  mode.  He  ascended  the  wagon  cheerfully, 
fixed  the  hnlter  round  his  neck  and  bound  his  eyes;  said,  smiling,  a  few 
minutes  would  settle  the  whole.  Was  asked  If  he  had  anything  to  offer? 
Lifting  up  the  handkerchief  that  covered  his  eyes,  he  said,  'Gentlemen, 
you  will  bear  me  witness  that  I  meet  my  fate  like  a  brave  man.' 

"  Behold  the  end  of  human  greatness !  A  young  fellow  cut  off  In  the 
midst  of  the  brightest  prospects,  by  the  hand  of  a  common  hangman."     - 

The  kind  treatment  received  by  Andre  is  in  painful  con- 
trast with  that  inflicted  upon  Captain  Nathan  Hale,  taken  by 
the  British  and  executed  as  a  spy  in  1776.  lie  was  denied 
the  services  of  a  clergyman ;  the  use  of  a  bible  was  refused 
him,  and  letters  written  on  the  morning  of  his  execution  to 
his  mother  and  other  friends  were  destroyed. 

Andr6  was  buried  at  Tappan.  In  1821,  his  remains  were 
exhumed,  conveyed  to  England,  and  re-entombed  in  West- 
minster Abbey.      A  handsome   monument  erected  at  the 

*  rhalclHT'ii  Military  .Tournal  of  Ihe  Uevolutlon,  pp.  3!7  And  2-J8. 


t§i  KBOOK  ujuurv  a  tax  txrmjmam. 

expeane  of  Cynm  H'.  ileld,  Ecq.,  and  in  wfaidi  De>B 
Staoley  vu  parfkuLulr  jotereitod,  nmlu  tbe  gromid  tint 
lor  tofty-ooe  yean  held  tfae  adies  of  m  bnre,  bat  auaguided 
tnemy  to  Ajnericsu  uidepeiidciiae. 

Of  Arnold,  little  Deed  be  eaid.  His  piaee  in  hisCoiy  has 
been  made.  Of  fainuelf,  he  nu^it  hzve  aaid,  "  I  am  one  tfae 
worid  iovea  not."  His  life  in  England  nuut  hare  been  tiy- 
fn^  lo  bis  proad  spirit.  As  an  officer  in  Brttasb  paj,  be  in 
rain  sought  a  command.  In  1798,  his  ofler  of  serrkes  was 
declined  by  the  IMke  of  York,  and  returning  boow  from  tfae 
war  olfiee  he  said  to  his  wife,  in  tfae  bitterness  (tf  dbtppoint- 
ment,  "They  will  not  give  me  a  chance  to  seek  a  soldier's 
death."  His  candid  biographer  adds,  "  With  a  crashed  heart 
he  felt  the  bitter  ruio  of  all  bis  ambiticms  hopes.**  * 

The  King,  believing  Arnold  to  hare  sincerely  returned  to 
loyidty,  treated  bim  kindly,  and  a  pension  was  granted  to 
Mrs.  Arnold  and  her  diildren.  In  1798,  tbe  Kii^  made  a 
grant  to  General  Arnold  of  13,400  acres  of  land,  located  in 
Canada,  Init  he  did  not  live  to  derive  any  advantage  from  it. 
Through  the  influence  of  Lord  Comwallis,  a  place  was 
obtelned  for  bis  son  Geoige  in  the  India  service. 

The  uniform  in  which  Arnold  escaped  to  the  Yaltore  be 
carefully  preserved.  In  tbe  mental  wanderings  of  his  last 
moments,  he  cried,  "Bring  me,  I  beg  you,  the  epaulettes 
and  Kword  kiiotK  wliidi  Wflshington  gave  me ;  let  me  die  in 
my  old  American  uniform,  the  uniform  in  which  I  fought  my 
battlcH.     (iod  forgive  me  for  ever  putting  on  any  other." 

Ilcnedlct  Arntfld.  noil  of  Itttnedlct  and  Hannah  (Wnterman)  Arnold,  was 
born  In  NVw  London,  Conn,,  January  14,  1741.  His  family  antecedents 
wure  f>r  tlie  tilt(hc)tt  respectability,  his  line  of  dcHcent  tn  America  being 
t]iroii(()i  Oovcrnor  Benedict  Arnold  of  Rhode  Island,  who  was  his  grand- 
father. II h  education  v/an  superior  to  the  average  of  hla  time.  UU  early 
empl'iy  wiw  In  a  ilrug  sioro.  At  the  termination  of  his  apprenticeship,  he 
engaged  In  huMlneHit  at  New  Haven  at  a  druggist,  bookseller  and  general 

•"Tlin  l.lfi!  uf  Itiriuallct  Anuild,  hU  l'«trlotUiii  and  bij  Trcaaon;  by  luacJi.  Arnold, 

iHhO."    . 


OUU  rKKXCH   ALUEH. 


S95 


trader,  tie  iraa  twice  married;  flr»t,  to  Marj^nrol  Mansilclrl,  daughter  of 
Illgti  SlirriR'  Mnri^flrlil ;  unci  second  to  I'c^gy  (or  Mnrgaret)  Shtpi>pn, 
diiiightor  of  IIk'  Honorahle  Edward  Shlppeii,  Chief  Justice  or  fcniisylvn' 
nl«-  Hy  IiIb  flr»t  wiff,  lie  Iiiiil  ttir«f  sons;  untl  by  the  sccoml,  Tour  hoiis 
mid  oiiP  (liiugliUT.  His  socoiiil  wlfb  was  au  accomplished  woman  nad  a 
devoted  mother. 

Of  Genentl  AnioId'N  mllttary  ciin;cr  noihlu;;  nvMl  he  snld  here.  He  died 
In  Lumlou,  .Fiinc  14, 1801,  "la  bitter  dlstrcas, In  ftcir-roproach.ln  povurty," 
ae«d  alxty  years. 

U^jor  Andr6  was  the  fKin  of  a  I.r>nrIon  merchant,  and  waa  bom  lu  that 
city  In  ITTil.  He  was  nlucatt-d  nt  Geneva,  (the  nallrc  place  of  tiU  fnlher,) 
and  at  ilic  nge  of  cishlewii  years  oiilertnl  »  co untl iig- room.  But  a  military 
lltli  suited  lilm  better,  and  Ur'  choice  did  nut  iiiilttale  aKnhist  the  cultiva- 
tion of  his  litcrery  laHle.  .\[|  ■tlachmenl  formed  for  llonora  8ne)'d,  and 
reciprocated  hy  licr,  nc%-er  reached  u  tnarriiifrc  mntually  desired,  in  con- 
sc<iucnee  of  the  yonnf;  lady'4  fatlier  havitif;  disapproved  it.  Andn!'  had  a 
pocllc  talent,  niid  surnvtitin't  indnlgrd  the  exprfi>Hi(in  or  hi*  iiiiinor  In  rerRe. 
While  In  the  army  In  America,  lie  wrote  "  The  ('ow  Chnse;  An  lleroick 
Poem  In  Three  Cantos."  which  wtis  printed  flrst  iu  Klvliiyton's  Kew  Vork 
Gazette,  lu  1780,  and  alturwania  In  London  In  iTHl.  It  •taltrlzud  Gtineralls 
Wayne,  Irving  and  I'roctor,  who,  wMIc  collertUig  and  driving  olT  cattle 
for  the  use  of  the  army,  were  Bacces<iniily  rc!ti5t«d  by  a  ainoil  body  of  ref- 
ugees occnpyln^  n  block  houxe.  Ah  itpecimciia  of  tta  venldcaUon,  the 
opening  and  cloalns  nUazas  are  here  Rtren : 

"  To  tirlip  itip  KInp,  oiio  >utnuicr*i  inoni, 
Tbv  THiBfr"  took  hU  wnj-,— 
Tbe  Vail  uluill  rar.  Ihal  li  uabum, 
Tlivjuiublliig  uf  iliai  lUy. 


"Aud  Wafcie  draonuUng  Htecn  i 
Aim!  rHuiitlii|tlf  ilurlik.-, 
And  Mil  to  mind  In  ercrr  lott, 
Tfee  lannJnj  ot  Afa  hidv. 


Ikaoir. 


"Ami  now  ■>«  e\o*t4  n\j  cpte  rtratn> 
I  Imnhlcw  I  *lia«r  it, 
Leil  till*  uiiiF  vntrrlor-ilraTw  Wajme 
bbauhl  nn  tuOt  ibe  poM," 

The  lost  canto  nr  this  poem  was  puhlbhed  in  New  Vork  on  ()>«  day  of  the 
anibor'a  arrrat.  A  pen  portrait  of  AmlW-,  Hkeleliod  by  hlniself,  Is  prlutwl 
In  r^iMlng'it  FIflii   Book  of  the  American  Hcvidutlon.     The  New-  Vork 


*  GvMeral  WajIWr**  LKOiL  OCC«lMlk«. 


29f: 


MIODE   ISLAMT>   TN   TOE   REVOLUTION. 


State  Library  atAlbtuyls  In  poMvsslon  oral!  llie  treasoimltle  papers  found 
Id  A»ilr6*M  liooLs  wltb  tlie  cxr«pt]uii  of  a  Kindle  one. 

ilaiar  Audri,  at  the  tiiiiL*  of  liis  execuUon,  vtas  In  the  ihlrtictb  year  of 
bia  age. 


THE  ARMY  AT  K]-:ST. 

CAMP  LiyE.— SOCIAL  FESTIVITrES.— PLEASL'RE  TRIPS. -DrM AS 
AMt>  BLAXC»ARI>  VrSlT  PKOVirfESCE.— "TritTLR  I'ARTY."— 
ARRIVAL  IN  I'ttOVlUENCK  i>F  I.UZKRNE,  FRENCU  MINISTER. 
-PROCEEDS  TO  NFWi^OBT.-liE  TARLfi  TENDERS  HIM  A  DIK- 
NER.-HE  LEAVES   FOR  BOHTON. 


3|T  having  boon  scttlod  by  the  inteniew  at  Ilartfonl  of 
1^  Wnshington,  Roclianilu-flu  and  Dc  Tcmny,  na  nniTsted 
ID  previous  pag;c#,  tluit  oxei>i)l  upon  a  hardly  to  bo  expected 
contingt'nry,  nn  active  I'nmpaign  would  not  immcdintoly  be 
entered  upon,  the  routine  of  camp  Hfo  ut  Newj^ort  for  the 
residue  of  the  summer  and  autumn  neeupietl  tho  army.  To 
the  officer,  the  motiotony  of  this  routine  was  broken  by 
soeial  festivities  in  piivnto  families  and  at  hcadqiiartens  at 
the  Vernon  mansion.  Some  of  thom  divorsiliod  tlir^e  pleas- 
ures with  hoi-soback  exeix:ises  over  the  island,  tripb  to  Provi- 
dence, and  short  Joiinicys  further  inland.  In  l*rovidence. 
Count  Dumas  was  coixlially  received  in  the  family  of  the 
venerable  Dr.  Kphniini  Ilowen,  where  he  "learned  the  spirit 
of  the  parties  mid  the  real  state  of  ailairs."'  lUanehard 
oxperiencud  Bioiiliir  bospitality  in  the  family  of  General 
Vanuini.  On  one  occjision,  he  says,  the  fieneral  "took  mc 
two  miles  from  the  city  to  a  soi-t  of  garden  whore  different 
persona  had  met  and  were  playing  nine-pins;  they  made  us 
drink  punch  and  tea.  The  place  was  runil  and  pheasant, 
and  this  litlle  jaunt  >ra\v  nie  pleiwiiro."  lie  also  went  with 
the  health  ofliccrs  of  the  honpital  to  examine  a  mineral  sjfriug 


ocn  PREXcir  alues. 


a»7 


in  Pnwtuckfit,  but  found  in  the  water  nothing  except  a  littlo 
more  coolness  than  in  that  which  he  used  every  day.  The 
rural  situation  of  the  spnn;^  i-omindcd  him  of  his  home  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Angers,  conumme  of  Saint  Sylvain. 

An  occasional  "Turtle  Party"  opened  to  the  foreign 
guests  the  mysteriea  of  a  department  in  gastronomy  with 
which  aldermen  chiefly  wt-re  *aid  to  be  fiimiliiir.  The  airi- 
val  of  a  goofi  sized  sea-tortoiso,  the  gift  of  the  Ihoughlful 
Captain  of  a  trader,  was  the  precursor  of  special  table 
enjoyment.  To  be  known  a&  a  firnt-class  "turtle  cook"  was 
an  honor  sufUciont  to  satisfy  tlic  highest  ambition  of  a  chief 
of  cumtie.*  While  Expending  a  few  days  lu  Providence,  M. 
Blanehard  wa^  invited  to  a  turtle  party  in  the  country  to 
which  he  wont.     He  says: 

"  It  was  ft  sort  of  pUnlr  uml  kWkh  by  k  mcok  of  men  to  n  company  of 
la<il(!»<.  Tito  piirpu<>i>  or  this  party  waa  Lo  cat  a  tiirllu,  wclglitiig  llirev  or 
tbur  Iinndred  pouodii,  wlilcli  aii  American  vessel  baO  Jimt  broiteht  kome 
ttota  OD«  of  our  IhUikIh.  Ttils  muiit  did  not  Bvctu  to  me  to  In:  wry  iMtnt- 
ablo ;  It  Is  true,  that  IC  was  bully  cookcil.  Tlicre  were  some  quitu  Itaiid- 
soine  women.  Berore  dinner  they  kept  tlicmselves  la  a  dllTereDt  room 
fVtiiu  th«  Rii;!! ;  tliey  alao  placed  thcnuo^ivcs  at  tablv  all  on  ihc  sauie  ald«, 
nml  t)if  tn«ii  on  the  otbor.  They  dunced  after  dlnovr  to  the  iiiuxic  of 
Lauzun's  leclon,  wliluli  liud  bwn  bruui,[)il  Ihtm*  cxpreafly.  Neither  the 
men  uor  ttiu  irumvu  dauce  welti  all  Btretch  out  and  U-D){tt)cn  Uiclr  arms 
Id  a  tray  Tar  from  ajireuablc.  ]  found  myself  at  table  very  near  a  Captain 
of  an  American  frigate,  whom  1  had  sctn  at  Nantes.  I  p«rc«iv«d  to-day 
wbU«  trying  lo  convors*  wllh  the  ladkA.  lliat  I  sltll  was  xery  Utile  accus- 
tomed to  lliG  Kiif  HmIi  langiia^.  During  diiiiirr  we  dmiik  dllfi-rvnt  healths, 
a«  Ia  iisaal,  nv  ny  thoHc  of  Ibe  Amerk-and,  and  tlit^y  to  the  ht-altli  uf  tho 
KlnK  of  France.  This  vxtvuiled  to  vvvrybuil)':  Torori  patuInK  tlirouj;li  nu 
antv-rooin,  where  some  negro  HcrvantA  were  drinking,  I  heard  tlietn  drink- 
ing togctlter  the  health  of  the  Hini;  of  Frantc-." 

In  September,  the  French  Minister.  Luzerne,  arrive<l  in 
Providence  with  a  letter  from  (iciicral  (.irecnc  to  <iovL'ntor 
Greene,  intn>ducing  him  as  one  whose  '^zeol  for  our  cause, 
and  the  attachment  he  has  manifested  for  our  interest,  enti- 


*.\m  eurty  mt  mu,  Olliy  L'QMIMiwk,  of  »<a]iort,  hmA  NtUInt^  to  tUi*  titnlat'on:     Ur  wnk 

a  aaUTs  or  Qntooa,  and  wa«  a  tervaui  la  ilia  Aadlj  of  Jabbd  Dnuion. 
38 


S98 


RHODK  WLAy©  IS  THB  REVOLCTIOS. 


tie  him  to  every  mark  of  public  rcgpoct  and  fystMrn."    ThOi 
Cbet*a]jer,  iu  order  to  confer  with  General  Bochamtjeaii,  was' 
OD  biA  way  to  Xewport  where  be  arrived  October  1,  and  on 
th«  evening  of  that  day  be  attended  a  "council  of  adniinifr- 
tnUion." 

On  tlie  Htb,  M.  de  T&tH  gave  a  dinner  to  M.  de  la  Luzemel 
and  to  the  Generals.  Hifi  Excellency  left  Newport  on  the 
Irtth.  It  wuA  his  intention  to  return  home  by  way  of  Provi-. 
dence,  and  to  accept  the  hospitalities  of  Governor  Groen«. 
In  explanation  of  the  reason  why  be  did  not  do  so,  Colfmel 
Christopher  Greene  wrote  to  the  Governor,  "The  French 
Ambufisador  would  liavc  had  the  pleasure  of  dining  with  Vour 
Kxcellcncy  yesterday,  (C)ctol>er  10).  His  intention  was  to 
have  gone  \\p  by  water,  but  the  wind  and  tide  both  being 
agaiiuft  it,  obliged  bim  to  give  over  the  vi^it ;  and  as  busi- 
ness has  called  him  to  Iloston,  be  has  gone  for  that  pbu». 
lie  deifired  me  to  make  his  best  compliments  and  excuse  to 
Your  Excellency." 


WFNTER   QTTARTERS. 


BOUBBOSXOIS    AND    S01SS0KN0I8    QUARTER    IN    NEWPORT.- 
LAllZUX'S   LERIOX  8EXT  TO  CONSECTICITT.— RECEPTION   BT 
UOVEBNOK  TKIMBIXL.— THE   LEGION   QCARTERKD  \T  LEB-' 
AKON    AND    CO  LCI  IKSTKlt.— VISITED    BV    THE    MARQUIS    DB 
OHABTELLUX.-  A  DINNER  AN  EC  DOTE. -SKETCHES   OF    CHAS- 
TSLLUX  AND  LAUZUK. 


lKE  experiences  of  the  summer  naturally  suggested  the 
difficulties  that  would  environ  the  Commissary -Gene- 
ral and  his  associates,  as  well  as  contractors,  in  their  efforts 
dnring  the  approacrbing  H-inter,  to  supply  the  army,  should 
it  remain  entire  upon  the  island,  with  provisions,  forage  and 


OUB  FBEKOH  ALLIBS. 


299 


Aiel.  Vi'iih  tbo  story  of  l^e  intense  cold,  of  tlie  deep  snows, 
and  of  the  almost  impassable  condition  of  the  ro»ds  in  the 
winter  of  17K0,  the  French  Commando r-in-Chief  hnd  been 
made  actiiwinted,  and  the  possibility  of  this  repenting  itself 
in  the  winter  of  1781,  ma}',  with  somo  other  conaidera- 
tions,  have  determined  him  to  divide  his  ti*oop8,  and  quarter 
a  poilion  of  them  on  the  main  hind.  On  the  81st  day  of 
October,  the  brigade  of  lioiirbonnois  T^-ithdrew  from  its  sum- 
mer encampment  and  settled  in  winter  r|uiirtors  in  Newport. 
On  the  Ut  day  of  \oveniber  following,  the  brigade  of 
Soissonnois  did  the  game.  These  two  corps  were  amply 
sufficient  to  defund  the  town  and  shipping  from  any  winter 
assault  of  the  enemj',  and  tiie  presence  of  the  other  corps 
could  be  safely  diepcnscd  with.  The  legion  of  hoi-sc  waa 
expected  to  take  quai-tors  in  Proridencc. 

On  the  16th  of  October.  (17«0),  the  Town  Council  of 
Providence  appointed  a  committee  consisting  of  Paul  Allen, 
Benoni  I'earcc  and  Deputy-Qimrterninster-General  Kphraim 
Bowen,  Jr.,  "to  procure  suitable  rooms  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  the  officers  of  the  corps  of  cavalry  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Duke  de  Lauzun.  while  in  quarters  in  this 
town,  and  if  it  shall  be  necessary,  that  said  committee  agree 
to  pay  to  the  owners  of  the  rooms  such  rent  therefor  as  said 
committee  shall  judge  reasonable  to  be  paid  out  of  the  town 
treasury."  This  thoughtful  courtesy  was  appreciated  by 
General  Rocbambeau,  but  for  reasons  that  will  presently 
appear,  it  was  decided  to  send  the  legion  to  Connecticut. 

From  the  2d  to  the  fith  of  Xovcmber,  ('ommissary  Blanch- 
ard  remained  In  Providence,  making  arrnngoments  for  the 
reception  of  the  Duke  de  Lnuzun's  legion  of  horse,  numtior- 
ing  from  GOO  to  800,  which  was  soon  to  march  to  Connec- 
ticut, whore  it  was  to  pass  the  winter,  for  the  greater  cou- 
Tenience  of  procuring  subsistence. 

For  tliis  arrangement, — in  every  reapect  satisfuctor)*, — 
the  Duke  was  iudebtcd  to  the  forecast  of  his  Comniandor- 
in-Cbief.     General  Rocbambeau  had  an  eye  to  economy,  oo 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


301 


will  do  all  in  3'our  power  to  receive  tliat  part  of  the  French 
t^rpa." 

On  tbc  9l[i,  tlie  le^on  arrived  al  Provldoncc,  miLking  "a 
very  martial  appeamncc."  The  day  was  cold,  und  much 
snow  fell.  The  temperature  of  the  next  two  days  continued 
low.  While  here,  tho  Duke  gave  a  Imll,  and  Haokor'a  liiJl 
WHS  miide  brilliant  with  bcautifiil  women  and  with  the  showy 
unifoi-ms  of  French  officers.  On  the  lilh,  the  legion  broke 
camp  and  tiwik  up  its  line  of  march  for  its  winter  destina- 
tion, fonnitijr  the  advanced  guard  of  the  French  troops,  which 
were  to  follow  the  next  spring. 

'^Vhile  at  Windham,  where  a  portion  of  bis  Hu^ars  was 
stationed  for  a  week,  uniil  t|Uttrtor8  could  l>e  provided  at 
I/el)anon,  Ijauzim  received  a  visit  from  the  Marquis  do  CTias- 
telhix,  whom  he  entertained  at  dinner.  "Being  unable  to 
get  away  before  half  aOer  three,"  writes  the  Mnniuis,  "  the 
night,  which  soon  came  on,  obliged  me  to  stop  six  miles 
from  Windliam,  at  a  little  solitary  tavern,  kept  by  Mrs.  Hill. 
As  the  bouse  had  an  inditferent  appcurancc,  I  oaked  if  we 
coiild  hare  heds,  the  only  want  we  bad ;  for  the  Duke  de 
I^nnzun's  dinner  liarl  left  ns  in  no  uneasiness  about  supper. 
Mrs.  Hill  told  mc,  after  the  manner  of  the  country,  that  she 
could  only  vpare  one  bed,  as  she  had  a  sick  traveller  in  the 
hou^c.  whom  she  would  not  disturb.  This  tnivcller  was  a 
poor  soldier  of  the  continental  army,  who  was  going  home 
on  a  furlough  for  tho  bcnolit  of  his  health.  He  bad  his  fur- 
lough in  bis  pocket  in  regular  form,  as  well  as  the  exact 
account  of  what  was  due  to  him,  biit  he  had  not  a  farthing 
either  in  paper  or  in  hard  mnnpy.  Mrs.  Hill,  notwithstand- 
ing, had  given  bim  a  good  Iwd,  and  as  he  was  too  ill  to  con- 
tinue his  journey,  she  had  ke])t  hitu  and  taken  care  of  him 
for  four  days.  We  arranged  matters  the  best  way  we  could ; 
the  Bohlier  kept  his  bed.  I  gave  bim  some  money  to  help 
him  on  his  journey,  and  Mrs.  Hill  appeared  to  me  much 
more  atTcctcd  with  this  charity  than  with  the  good  hard 
tftoHvy  I  gave  her  lu  pay  her  bill." 


302 


RHODE   ISLAKD   IK  mS   EtETOLUTIOy. 


At  Hartford,  the  Marquid  was  no  lew  troubled  in  ftecuring 
■ooonmiorlations.  "  I  found  the  tnnit  at  Hartford  bo  full,"*  he 
aays,  "that  it  was  impossMiIe  to  procure  lodgings.  The  four 
«8tfterti  States,  Ma.ssuijliugclts,  New  ll0iui}tshirc,  Rhode  Island 
and  Connecticut  were  then  holding  their  assembltoa  in  that 
town.  These  four  States  have  long  held  a  particular  con- 
nection with  each  olher,  and  they  meet  together  by  deputies, 
Bomctimcfl  in  one  State  and  nometime^  in  another.  Kacb 
legislature  sends  deputies.  In  a  circumstance  so  uncommon 
in  America,  as  rotim  lieingwanled  for  men  eoUected  together. 
Colonel  Wadaworth's  house  afforded  me  a  most  agreeable 
asylum.  I  lodged  with  him  aa  well  ns  the  Duke  dc  Lauzun, 
•who  had  passed  me  on  the  road.  Mr.  Dumas,  who  belonged 
to  the  staff  of  the  aiTny,  and  wns  then  attached  to  the  Duke 
de  Laiiixun,  Mr.  Lynch  and  Mr.  do  Montesqniou  were  well 
accommodated  in  the  neighlHirhood.  Colonel  Wadsworth  is 
alraut  two  atid  lliirty,  very  tall  and  well  mside,  and  has  a 
noble  a.s  well  as  an  ngreeable  countenance." 

In  Governor  Trumbull,  then  at  Hartford,  the  Marquis 
found  a  chsructer  that  greatly  pleased  hira.  "  His  whole  life 
is  consecrated  to  business,  which  he  passionately  loves, 
whether  impoilant  or  not;  or  rather,  with  respect  to  hira, 
there  is  none  of  the  latter  description.  He  has  all  the  sim- 
plicity in  his  dross,  nil  the  importance  and  even  [>edaatry 
becoming  the  great  inugistrale  of  a  small  republic,"  bringing 
to  mind  the  burgomasters  of  Holland  in  the  time  of  the 
licinsiuses  and  of  the  Burnevelta.  On  the  morning  of  the 
17th,  the  M.'^rquis  parted  with  regret  from  his  host  nnd  from 
the  Duke  dc  Laiizun,  and  pursued  his  journey ;  "  but  it  was 
not,"  he  says,  "till  after  hrcakfiist,  for  it  is  a  thing  unheard 
of  iu  America  to  set  off  without  breakfast." 

Kcturning  from  his  extended  travcU.the  Marquia  stopped 
at  I^ebanon  to  again  pass  a  dny  with  his  friend,  the  Duke  de 
Lauzun.  "I  was  not  sorry,"  he  says,  "to  find  myself  iu  tbe 
French  army,  of  which  Iheso  Hussars  formed  the  advanced 
guard,  although  tlieir  quaiiers  bo  seveuty-five  miles  from 


Otm  FBBNCH  ALUIW. 


SOS 


Newport ;  but  there  are  no  circumiitancet;  in  wliich  I  should 
not  ho  hnppy  with  M.  de  Lauzun.  For  two  months  T  had 
been  talking,  n.nA  listening,  with  him  I  conversed :  for  it 
mast  tic  allowed  that  conversation  is  still  the  peculiar  forte 
of  the  amiable  French." 

For  diversion,  the  Diikc  took  the  Martjiiis  on  a  squirrel 
hunt.  Returnin<^  frum  Ibu  rhase  he  dined  with  bis  friond* 
in  company  with  Governor  Trumbull  and  General  Hunting- 
ton. Pitrsuiog  hi«  journey,  be  reached  Providence  January 
8th,  where  ho  spent  the  night,  and  the  next  day  arrived  at 
Newport,  "  datislled  with  having  scon  many  intereating 
things,  without  meeting  with  any  aeeidont."  " 


■  rhillp  Lewli  Uarqub  dr  ChutnUax  deiwuJod  fW>tn  ui  eminnil  (bnitl^,  *iid  wu  nnh 
devAtcd  lo  lilcMtiue.  •■  Id  iDC  ht  paUUhcd  Aa  cmajt  ad  tbc  unJan  «r  |>o<-ir)r  uid  awlik 
whicb  ac«k4a4wd  a  lltorarjt  coMtitHcr*;.**  11a  Bccamimiitnl  Eochiunbrau  to  Amrricn  >b  m 
■fnlvMlaunil.  inil  wm  pramt  «llh  liti  eoauniui']  M  (li<  ■I't<^  of  l  orkluwn.  ttartnj;  hia 
TtMiABM  Imt*  hr  w«4*  ««v«ral  rstMUlT*}o>ani(7a  la  vnrluni  part*  ol  tlip  count rr,  lo  ftndy 
lla  dwradw,  enatoma  aul  naoun**-  Ha  waa  l^vormbly  kpawn,  aiii]  lirld  ptraiant  rrl* 
Uow  iHtb  lb*  prlDdiMl  IkdiDiM  of  l>nHlid«iM.  Ou  the  I3iti  of  Kdcmfrn-,  tr$0,  hr  arrivH 
!■  ProrldniM  fn»u  XeK|>urt  «n  ma  txcanitta  10  rtillBdrl]ihU.  Alb*lif.  W>-)t  I'ftlal,  Vlr- 
flplft  and  *l»pwh«r«.  Bs  diiwO  on  that  daj  wlita  M.  Itlanchanl,  CuiiLiiituar/  i>r  War, 
dnnk  tM  U  ColODtl  Boweii'*,  vllb  tcreral  Udka.  amutiK  Itiein  »  Uiu  Aiw'l.  wboin  b« 
pKittoalarl;  mrnilijon,  llwn  caIImI  to  fmj  lila  r««;wvi>  to  Un.  Vamiiro.B[uli>u»cd  llio  nlf^lit 
M  DvpDtj-UoTvmor  Bowta's.  Tita  nvxl  nwnilaK.  tSib,  hr  l>r«akfa<lpil  with  Colonrl  I'Mk, 
whom  be  dMOrlbe*  m  "  ftn  ftmUbl*  •nd  polite  young  nian."  imkI  vrllti  wlmw  M^at  and  eotj 
domaatlc  >n«itKvai«nta  h»  w**  drIlKtilMl-  *'  Ite  r««#ii*d  mv  tn  a  rharmlng  imuU  laonav, 
wb«r«  bellTMl  wltb  bla  wtr«,  whoiaslaoroiuiK.anU  taitaplva^'Incf^iiultnacioQ;  bnt  wlth- 
«nl  uijttiinK  (triking.  Tliii  lllllr  «aUbU>1inii?*l,  vtwrt  coufori  and  •Inipllcllr  nliCii.  (bva 
■B  WMOf  IhM  «w**i  and  fPivKp  (tain  vf  liapfiliirM.  irlilrh  apjipan  to  hare  Uk*D  r*f»tl*  In 
th*  Km  World,  aflcr  conpoDDdlox  It  vlUi  picuur*-,  to  wblcb  it  lua  left  the  OU."—7>o*«> 

OMvlMrlI,l7!a,1i»nnrav<lfro«nftioiirioS«w  lf»nip«blrv,ai»d  afltwlilllag  Xewporf, 
froeMdtd.  OR  tba  30U),  ««tt.  Ke  waa  •  catcfut  ttn dent,  nod  Mt  otMnrntt«iia  and  Iniiiilr- 
Im  tx  Anarlca,  w«r»  Mnbodlpd  la  iwa  lnl*mllii|t  aiul  valuabl*  lolumci.  On  fati  return  to 
fall  eoSKUT  tot  wu  nida  ■  UmitIhI  of  rrancv.  UI'  IVl^'ii'l,  Count  tMgfur,  ipcaki  of  bin  m 
•iM  *■  trhM* l««raia(  wa*  d«roU  of  |irmni>lloa.  uul  «tao  tiottrd  all  Iho  nMrtl  of  wtuid 
trodlllok  la  tb«  eli«fu  of  •  pun  ftod  torrMtalylo.'' 

In  in?  tl»  llAniulii  niiuTU4  a  ItAy  of  rttah  and  brnilr-  or  ibU  went  be  laflvmed 
Waahltigion  br  Irttcx,  «h<i  plaj  nilljr  replied :  "  I  mw  b;  Ibr  ntkij^mni  joh  ollea  made  oa 
(be  bapplnea*  of  doniMlIc  life  In  AmcrEc«,  Utni  j-on  liad  t««Uo«rcd  Um  ball,  and  thai  yon 
«aald  as  Mirclj  be  lakrii.  law^  day  or  anotlM-r,  a*  Ibnt  jau  were  a  pblloaoplirr  and  a  •ok 
dl«r.  S«  fouw  A*J  baa  at  Wnnth  cam*-  1  am  ulad  of  It,  with  all  xnj  hrmlt  and  Kiii).  It  U 
qvlht  (ood  «aeu(b  for  yoa.  Noir  yoa  arc  wfll  aorrcd  Utr  eoialax  to  afhi  In  (avoir  i>f  the 
AMnkan  rrbcU.  all  the  wajr  arruti  llie  AlUnlk  orrnii,  by  calcliliix  tliat  Urrlble  r«ata. 
(laa,  )k>MWIieftllci1)r,  abJch  lUw  IbeHiiall  jwx  orplaKun^  laancao  Iwveonty  oik«  In  bt« 

Tbe  ttavcla  oT  the  >tiui|nU  vera  laafawaJ  la  UMy  by  J.  I',  liiltfol  dc  TrarrDlF,  who 
nOm  alMipljr  uuUt  Um  apWirai  tapjiMiJ  MBoemlnc  Um  <{uakcr(,  Um  aefivef,  Uw 


SOi 


BIIODE  rSLASD  IH  THB  BKVOLtTTION. 


Tbo  I>uk6,  hy  his  Rmenity,  nude  hirocclf  B^rrceable  to  the 
pw>i>Io  of  Lehannn,  and  succeeded  perfectly  in  all  the  busi- 
lic-H  he  had  to  IniiiTsiuit,  wither  with  Governor  Trumhullt  or 
with  !ho  lo^slHtiire  of  the  Stnle.*  The  following  unet-doie 
ilhiHlrates  his  ttoclnl  chnriK-ter,  nnd  his  nntunil  h)vc  of  fun. 
A  worthy  villager,  with  the  im|uiRit>vune&8of  tt;^iiuiiie  Van- 
koo,  linked  him  whut  was  bis  fnthoKs  tmdp  in  Fniueo.  "  My 
fiither,"  replied  l<niizui),  "  does  nothing,  but  I  have  an  uncle 
who  is  a  Mtirtchnl,"  (literally  a  /Virr/pr,)  alluding  to  the 
Manx^hal  do  liiron.  '*  Very  well,"  said  the  gmtified  Miqnirer, 
in  uuconM-'iouit  innocence  of  the  i>lay  ii[Ktn  (he  word,  and  at 
iht*  i^uMio  time  p;iviiig  Ihe  Uiike's  hand  a  titrong  preasuru,  "  it 
is  a  very  good  trade."  t 

The  portion  of  I^iiuziin's  leg^ion  for  which  provision  had 
thud  been  made  at  Lebanon  "consisted  of  about  two  hun- 
dred and  twenty  or  two  hundred  and  forty  Hussars,  with 
about  an  equal  uuuibur  uf  horses.  Thc^^  under  arrango- 
mentA  npeodily  ordered  by  tlovemor  TrumbtiU,  were  care- 
fully cjtntunod  in  Ihu  tow^n,  a  little  west  of  tlie  <:hurcb.  on 
thv  road  that  lends  to  Colciiestcr.  The  spot  \s  kuunn  as 
*the  barracks'  to  thii  day. J  It  formed  a  portion  of  a  farm 
which  belonged  (o  Governor  Trumbull  hinuiclf,  and  which 


pMVt*>  >*<■«■■    lIvUftlUBTQlnnwar  lUpsfc*.  wriim  [iil*Mia,udprtM*4lB  Um- 

AmUmt  naMwttr  tvrlirK,  t»  Ekfltoh,  an^vcd  la  LoBiIoa,  Amb  the  fnm  wf  O.  a  T. 
WUM,tamr.  IMttKrrflfttty  frc  tract  Ulbou^ht  la  hMMbtftfUwHglW  aTMiHif 
bM«  mlltoB  bj-  BMMdIn  AntaM.  Th*  hailterit;  of  tlw  ultux  with  imwt—bm  waO 
knan  ii>  Ub.  Mtd  Ow  bUta  tpbU  atnUMtod  towHib  Waahb^lMt.  FnudUta,  Lalhyctn^ 
«Md  udMn  mMficwau*  Itf IIm  IU*ol«tlaav)' (Iri^tltl*^  thior  tW  conwctBH*  of  tb*  otdMloo. 
AmotUm  IV  am  wrtur.  rnuiklUt  kftd  liottnoc  |[e«d  wvnt  doabilkl  p«tHati>,  LtfwtM 
ki4M«likit*aaitwjn-]MtMloa,  ud  WwUD(tiui  wm  •n'Amcrtcu  BMtw^'iMAr- 
IM  ■■  "Nt**** Hwn^* .  ■  DIM  ■' MMpcctwil  la  AM«riea."-*faaribt«te4  amdrtnaM»,'» 
l*«4i>D«itob«drMdMt.aftdlLirTl^'*MtBaMBaIatham7't  The  pnriMtlM  nar  b» 
alMMaatthiaa-MrigaltlMaraiMMw*."    ThalUivdidwllMnw. 

•"Ik* iMwu-a hflMWHokOf^ ftvibi «■■( «rf>otMmM.M 4t*U>- rKo  \u rmiibj. 
whM  VH  ««ai  vMh  ito  ■nUtory,  fcaw.  aad  piviiJiaat,  to  ikt  6taM  s<  tHaawttoBt.  H 
MtufT  Ibo  bwTMks  wttkk  had  bMtt  bnU  at  tt*  Boon  [talwnwj  kr  lb  MRih.  Tta 
Dife>ae<L«u(u».ati«H,wbDWM  lacmuwad  vT  ttU*  atiMaam.  m*Mi  UsHtf  >«t 
agmahU  to  Um  IwryiM  kjr  bb  pwpawwta^  oHBacn^  aad  mwmoM  In  nwr  bUMe- 
ll*BWMdkh>hMlto«Mdad«,«libMwkh  th»ivHraUa  Goi«nMr  TiwNbwII,  or  wHb  tlM 
vlb.r  iMwIwn  «r  Uw  tnlihlw*  oT tt«  8mfc^-lltadhw>w't  JTaitfrK. 

T  KoAftkkMBl  McMln,  rNMh  •!,  nL  I,  p.  Ml 

tuaa 


OVR  FRENCH  AI.UE8. 


305 


sul>8i>(|itrittly  piissoil  into  tlie  jHissession  of  liis  son,  Oavid 
TnimljiilL  Other  iioi-tion^  of  the  French  cor[>i$  of  Iliisiuirs 
were  <]iiarterc(l  uL  Coldiesler  and  iit  Wtiidliiiiii, — ut  the  latter 
place,  howRver,  only  tciupomrily, —  hy  fur  the  htrgest  divis- 
ion of  the  whole  l>ein^  ultimately  g.ttheivd  at  Ijebiinon, 
and  occupying,  many  of  them,  portionH  of  the  broad  nnd 
boiiutifnl  viHiige  street  —  there  '  by  (heir  walthfid  fires' — 
traces  of  whose  seat,  in  portions  of  brick  ovens,  still  exist  — 
to  remiitn  for  almut  seven  months  — their  festivitioi*  iind  piy 
panidcs,  ut  time^,  making  (he  ncijfhborliond  spurkle  with 
life  and  activity,  mid  their  morning  dnun-lH'at  ni»king  iho 
air  each  <hiy  vocal  iviih  the  npn>iising  itveilli'-."  • 

"  The  Duke  dc  Ltinxun  bad  htd  own  special  qiuirtcrs  in  the 
house  of  the  Governor^  son  David.  Tlicrc  he  wna  moet 
hospilnhly  entei-tuined  ihiring  his  entire  «liiy  in  the  town  — 
and  theiv,  in  I'eturii  for  civilities  of^en  extended  to  himself 
and  to  lii.s  oftlrere  by  Crovcnior  Trnnibnll  and  by  other  citizens 

of  Lebanon,  ho  often  gvive  gay  and  brilliniil  ]>:irtie$ 

tJ|H)n  one  of  thu*e  occavioti^,  but  a,  few  wceki*  ufler  the  arri- 
val of  the  Ilu^ur  corps — at  u  dinner  given  by  Lauzun  in 
honor  of  two  di8lin^nii,,hed  visitors  from  the  French  army 
—  the  Marrpiisde  (.'hastelhix  and  the  Uiu-on  de  Montewjuien, 
the  latter  a  ;.'nuKUnn  of  the  illuatrlons  author  of  the  *  Spirit  of 
Lnwd* — Governor  Trumbull  nnd  Gencnd  Jcdediah  Hunting- 
Ion  were  present.  The  fnnner, at  the  table,  pnuuinneed  'in 
a  loud  vt>ice,  a  long  prayer  in  the  form  of  a  lienettlcite^^ 
which  WM  res{>ouded  lo  by  'twenty  ameos  iitvuing  fi-um  the 
midst  of  forty  mom^taehes !  "*  f 

"What  tt  picture  this,  from  n  giiy  Krcnchmiin,  of  the  worthy 
old  GovenHU'!  Jle  id  grave  in  carriage.  IIU  mauuors 
aoem  eerenionion^.  He  is  preceptive  in  eiiiiversHtion.  Ho 
courts  buiiincss.  lie  in  the  happiest  of  moHaU  when  ho  has 
any  to  tiiint^act.  He  is  pitifonndly  cousidernle  in  itn  execu- 
tion—  is  heedful  of  cunipanng  opinions  with  his  Council  — 


'  IJAr  of  JonMbui  Traiaball.  p.  «c. 
89 


tCtiMtf  ttUK'i  Trtrclt. 


306  KHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  KEVOL0TION. 

and,  from  Ji  hiihit  of  thoughtful  iittcntion,  majrniiies  even 
small  iifliiii'ri  into  'great  ones.'  He  wears  the  peculiar, 
imposiiijj  dress  of  his  ancestors  —  and  there,  over  a  tabic, 
where  doubtless  wailed  'the  brimming  bowl' — in  the  midst 
of  a  party  of  volatile,  laughter-loving  French  officers — to 
all  of  whom  good-natured  derision  and  meriiment  was  an 
instinct  —  to  all  of  whtun,  doubtless,  the  nltcnuice  of  prayer 
befoix;  a  meal  was  a  solecism  —  the  Governor,  in  the  ti'ue  old 
Puritan  style,  'itat/n  t/rmr' — and  with  .sucli  iin()o.-.iiig  solem- 
nity of  manner  and  sinecrity  of  tone,  lus,  for  his  /t'lial trite ^ 
to  extort  'at  once  from  the  midst  of  forty  moustaclies, — 

"  '  Vociferous  at  onco  from  twenty  tongues,' 

"twenty  profound,  complaisant  Amcns !  Truly  it  was  a 
seeiie  for  a  painter."  * 

Upon  luiothcr  occasion,  the  French  officers  were  enter- 
tained by  (Jeueral  Huntington  at  his  residence  in  Norwich. 
"They  made  a  superb  njipcaranco  as  they  drove  into  town, 
being  yonng,  tall  vivacious  men,  witli  handsome  faces  and  a 
noble  air,  mounted  on  horses  bravely  caparisoned.  After 
dinner,  the  whole  party,  going  out  into  tlic  yard,  hnzz«ed 
for  liberty,  and.  in  good  Knglish,  bade  the  people  to 'live 
free,  or  die  for  lilicrty." "'  f 

On  the  "i-'ld  of  June,  ITNl,  I^auznn  with  his  legion  broke 
up  Iiis  pleasant  c:unp  in  lA'banon  —  where  he  had  experi- 
enced nothing  but  the  warmest  hospitality  —  to  enter  upon 
the  active  and  stern  duties  of  war,  ''looking  forward  with 
hope  to  some  propitious  moment  in  the  ciunpnigu  now  about 
to  open,  when  the  Hussars  who  at  l^ebiuion  had  so  long 
been  happy  guests,  might  win  laurels  thai  wontd  allure  the 
!)lessing  of  tlie  venerable  patriot  of  the  'Chsirter  Oak 
State.'" 

During  those  seven  months,  the  patriotic  old  Governor 
had  been  winning,  in  an  unusnal  degree,  the  sulmiration  and 

•  Life  of  Governor  Trumbull,  p,  501,  t  /bill. 


OUR    FUENCII  ALLIES.  307 

the  cslceiii  of  tlu-  Diiko  t\ni\  of  his  oftifors.  They  honored 
him  nri  n  corisciciitidii.s  ami  devoted  hjiulcv  in  n  eommon 
t'luiw.  Thvy  respcH'Iod  him  as  :i  wise  eouiiRiellor.  They 
lovi'<l  him  iis  a  fallier.  Indeed,  so  stron;;  was  his  iiirtuenee 
over  fliem,  tliat  on  one  oci-asion.  when  a  soI<]iei"  was  to  1)8 
linnished  f(H-  desertion,  he  was  tried  in  the  ^ruard-room  after 
nine  o'ehick  tit  ni<rht,  ;ind  cxec'Mte<I  before  tlie  mornini;  light, 
lest,  if  the  case  sliould  come  to  the  knowlciljre  of  the  hnnianc 
(ioveinor,  he  would  interfere  to  save  the  culprit's  life.  An 
incident  related  I»y  hi:;  s(ni.  Colonel  John  Trnmbull.  i'uilher 
illustrates  the  happy  iniin'cssion  which  the  generous  (.Jovernor 
made  upon  his  volatile  guests.  One  day,  in  ITil-l,  while 
ti-:nclli)ig  along  tlu^  Ithine,  the  Colonel  found  hiinself  at 
night-fall  in  the  village  of  Mulhaiiscn.  It  was  tilled  with 
Kroicli  troops.  The  }ard  of  its  iini  and  the  entrance  to  it 
were  crowded  with  Krench  otfieers.  Fearing  that  lie  .should 
he  obliged  to  jjass  the  night  in  hi.s  earriage,  outside  the 
walls,  he  ap|)ealed  to  tin;  inn-keeper  for  a  l)4'd.  The  result 
lie  thus  describes : 

'''I  am  afraid  that  will  be  impossible,'  replied  the  inn- 
keeper. 'Hostilities  arc  about  to  he  renewed;  the  head- 
quarters of  the  ccprnnianding  general  are  estaldislied  at  my 
house,  and  it  is  entirely  occupied  l)y  him  and  his  suite;  bnt 
eome  willi  me,  and  I  will  do  as  well  as  I  ciui."  I  followed 
thr(»ugh  a  crowd  of  young  oiKcers,  and  at  the  do(»r  met  the 
old  (ii'iicnd  coming  ont.  The  vctenm  looked  at  me  keenly, 
and  asked  bluntly,  '  WJio  are  yon? — an  Englishman?' 
'Xo,  (ieneral,  I  am  an  American,  of  the  United  States.* 
'Ah  I  do  yon  know  Comiecticut?'  'Ves,  sir;  it  i.s  my 
native  State.'  '  Von  know,  then,  the  good  Governor  Trum- 
bull?" 'Yes,  General,  he  is  my  father.*  'Oh  I  iiion  Jh'cu.' 
'/'"'./''  ■'""''<  ''fn'riiiff;  I  am  delighted  to  see  a  son  of  (lov- 
ernor  Trumbull ;  vith-cz,  ciitrfz:  you  shall  have  su|)per,  bed, 
everything  in  the  liouse.'  I  soon  learned  tlnit  the  old  man 
had  been  in  America,  an  ofKcer  in  the  legion  of  the  Duke  do 


308  BBOtlE  ISLAITD  IN  THE  hEVOLDTION. 

Lauzun,'  who  had  been  quartered  in  tuy  native  village  dur- 
ing the  winter  I  had  paswed  in  prison  in  London,  and  had 
heard  inc  mnth  spoken  of  there.  Of  course  I  found  myself 
in  excellent  quarters.  The  old  General  kept  me  up  almost 
all  night,  intjuiring  of  evcryhody  and  everything  in  America, 
and  espccijilly  of  the  people  of  Lehanon,  and  iibnve  all,  the 
family  of  Huntington,  ivith  whom  he  had  been  utiurtcrcd." 

NOTB.-1I  V  not  qiille  H-rliln  tluil  the  etdlrt  Irjrtoti  *r  T.auniu  qiumfrpJ  In  CntiflcdlMt 

during  th*  wliilcr  nf  Envt-nl.     {Antf,  ft.  SfH.)     Il  Is  lliimglil  tiy  tionip  tliHl  iHl'  uiiiuiiTiiit(<iI 

BD«Mnnt'r<?  rfi*.|pivc|  U1  Rlipilt;  Itletnd,  nnO  that  [hc>yni;«'tJt«]  iliu  provision  proBVred  I  he 
legion  b7  the  [jiaic. 

*Thp  Diikv  do  La.uiiin  wot  born  In  I'arl*,  Aprit  IS,  1747,  Alter  lili  flnal  rflurn  Traia 
Anwrics  t"  (■'rHjic''  lif  WW  I'lecleU,  in  ITMi.  ■  m*mtnT  of  iIih  Siaitilifni'tat  by  tlif  nnMlity 
of  Qnercj.  He  look  WMv  pnrt  lii  tlic  ilcbatr:* ,  but  ivhi'ii  lie  (puke  hi*  spccdin  iri-rr  dislln- 
gallhed  foi  HlmplU'liy,  ^iinrispiipii],  kthI  giurlli' nf  ihi.-  prlnctplm  emtndala-il.  In  17\)£  tjc 
wupent  to  London.  cunJuJutlr  will)  Tall&yrHTK]  andl'hHuvclli),  on  u  dipJoinftrie  mlr^lon. 
Aflerihe  ilrvtii  of  \\i»  unfli-,  the  Hnr^lial  iJi:  BLmn,  tie  luaunii-d  llii:'  fiinillf  tltlr,  whidi  M* 
ftthfr  did  ii"t  uiah  lo  bi>iir,  ari'l  <irM«  I'Vfr  hDpi-  knou'iL  a<  Lhikti  cle   niroti.     tli;  scntij  IllF 

Republic  ill  cioTiim,  Savoy  And  Ln  V»n<tf*i  but  liiiMirrlnj  ttic  ill-'plmi'iiiii  of  iIm-  n-i-altiiinn- 

»ry  lribaD:ir,  fiir  !lir  fnvor  »liown  f  lui  Vrndp»n^  MfltT  fliplr  Biilijiiipiliop,  lie  wm  c«>riil('iunF<l 
OB  the  oliarui?  at  lim-tn^  paptlclpnifd  II  u  pninpii^pr  agnlnHi  the  KJTjnbMr,  nni  r>'?iM'[iilj(T 
31,  171R,w]is  gii  II I  (II  In  Ml,  l{«ii»lii,  a(Viin<7t  ol  (1)<'  Mlnlbtr^iQ  ii  iHI^-r  to  hl»  fVicnil  Vln- 
wnt,  under  dxK-  'of  Au^imt  I.  l?.n.  miiti>s  n  mc^rU  of  ItHvIrifc  ciintrlljiLiud  lu  hiii  dunnfatt 
and  death.  "JavvMy  ruEiiiucrii  niiil  a  socIhI  (llfptn-iiloa.  lie  iinllt^l  ii|i;«m'rou9  rplKt,  Kiillii 
tbeniitural  ^nLceof  bli  dcportmrnt  <«&■  f\aiie  pceuli».r  to  h.\saui^."—SJgur'»  Mrtaotrt.p. 

a  19. 

Meinoin  t/i^nrfiii;  liis  name  wtre  pulllBlit-il  in  Vtxi*  In  iSXi.  The  porttou  relatEnfi  la  the 
French  ami;  In  Aim<rk-n.  Iinriiii)nl<!ipii  In  lis  utati'in^ul «  with  thciiu!  vhlcli  uppeiir  lu  the 
memoira  o-f  IlI*  imnrpuBionB  In  nrni'.— LrumIs  J-CRur,  I>uiiirt»i  nnil  ijltirrs,  nthiT  parts  of 
the  work  I'tj-ki'sI  thul  il*  iitllof  mujlinvc  tnhen  lln-  rrttdom  to  nniplir!'  tlip  slorics  of  per- 
■onal  sdveuiiitir,  Jf  lie  did  not  Indeed  mult^plj'  t\iv\n,  to  8ull  p.  moxtild  tnite  far  laid  uf  rkI- 
Ikntry. 


I    O    tr 


OUB  PftEKCH  ALLIES. 


309 


FRENCH   ENCAMPMENT  IN   NORTH   PROVIDENXE. 

CAMP  STREKT  NAMEIV— nEADQUABTElIS  TEST.— NOTICES  OF 
THE  I>BXTEKS.-TllEm  BILLS.— HEMANH  OF  JOSEPH  LAW" 
RES("E.-A  BBADINO  BEKOKE  THE  RIIOUE  ISLANO  ItlSTOBI- 
CAL  SOCIETY.— A  I'AUK  SI  UJC.  EST  ED— ACTION  OP  THE  HIS- 
TORICAL 80CIETV.— I'KIVATK  MlINIFIlE.NCE.  — SUttVEV  OF 
THE  CA.MIm:R0LtNI>.-A  LIST  OF  PBESCH  OFFICBBS  WtTH 
AS8ION'ftIENT  OF  gUABTEBS  — DB.   SOLOMON   OKOWNE. 

FTKU  pi-ovi(Iii)<r  for  us  niuiiy  of  the  troops  as  coutJ  be 
II ccnm modal c<l    in    Newport,   nnd   sending    Lnii/iinV 

I  to  Connect k-nt,  a  cnmp  whs  opened  for  oiliors  in  North 
Providence.  M'lietlmr  all  llie  iirlillcry  reuiainiKl  in  Newport 
thi-on^h  tho  winter  does  not  appear.  The  spot  »cleeted  for 
the  cimp  w;w  a  pltitcuii  on  tlip  summit  of  the  rldi^e  lying 
oast  of  "I'liwlnckot  Avenue."  The  aoiithcni  hoiiudiiry  was 
narriii<rlon"s  Inne,  now  North  street.  The  northern  boimd- 
nry  w.-w  CImce's  lane.  In  width,  the  southern  line  of  ibo 
encampment  extended  from  a  wall  n  few  rods  west  of  the 
northern  termination  of  C^mp  street  to  the  present  '^Enst 
Avoniie,"  possihly  u  little  beyond.'  The  entire  tcirilory  U 
now  williin  tht!  limits  of  Providence.  The  location  was  well 
chosen,  l>eing  near  enouj^h  to  the  town  for  the  coiivynience  of 
the  coraniisMries,  iind  sufficiently  remote  to  prevent  annoy- 
ance from  the  soldiers.  The  western  and  novth-westom  jiros- 
pocts  were  uxlcusive,  pictuivsqiio  imil  enlivcninfr-  The  fresh 
breezes  from  every  quarter  wore  jEjuurantecs  a^iinst  niahirtn, 
while  the  contour  of  the  ^iiciunpment  rendered  necessary 
drainage  comparutively  ciisy.     The  main  street  of  the  camp. 


•CuMp  HrtH,  rxli-Mflng  (Men  Oln^y  dml  1«  Sorlli  »ln»-i.  oHitiMlli  horr  lite  iwim  ftf 

■Gn-ru  l^ur."    Hardi  :t,  IMJ,lli>oiii|i«  vptHianfrd  loNiwitiUrown  ■lrral;BiKl  I)vcan»- 

I  Wr  3],  itmt.  na  rt«oinmmilHtli>k  of  Aldmuaft  )m«i>  TIturbtr.  lli*  nsvie  wu  ont*  uan 

iMiABftd  io  "  Camp  itmi."  u  a  «iit«tiip  rpiiilnd«'  at  Ibe  TmiHi  eMMn|iiBcfil.    The  IIMM 

tmmt  mggntta  t»  Mr.  Tlmlwr  l>]r  lili  wd-Ik.Uit,  Mr.  Joltii  Ovrinam. 


310 


BETOOE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLtTTIOK. 


extending  north  and  eonlli  iipwurd:}  of  half  a  mile,  divided 
llic  pl.iteHii  wry  upurly  in  the  «fiiter.  tju-U  side  was  lined 
with  h'liU.  On  the  eustcni  i^idc  of  the  stri'L-t  were  several 
mngos  of  hilt)*.*  Teiits.  liiiU,  kiteheiis.  bospital.  feinks,  etc, 
were  Ittcalod  on  nllior  imrl-*  of  ihc  field  in  aetrordant'e  with 
tntliliir}-  nile.     A  lai^c  hendijiiHrlcrd  tent,  Mimioiinled  with 


BKAM}UJK1XKa. 


an  umnnientul  urn.  was  pltehod  near  the  western  side  of  Ihc 
main  slrt'et,  nutl  nhont  twenty  rods  north  of  Xoilh  street. 
iJy  Hying  cohirx.  diiity  drill-s,  dress  partules,  and  socijd  hog- 
pilnliiies,  nmtiy  of  Ihe  towns-people  ami  uthen*werL'  drawn  to 
enjoy  for  the  hmir  tJie  "pomp  of  war,"  without  considering, 
porha|>s,  the  terrible  ciirnago  of  miuio  hard-fon^ht  bnlllo- 
tichl,  (in  whirh  nmny  of  these  gay  soldicrit  might  suod  bo 
called  to  lay  down  their  lives. 

•Ttobuiiwvrv  nftrm  frpt  Imix ktid  iw^rve  iHt  whli'.  AftrribryerMrd  i«  br  iHnI  br 
lb»  mrtaj,  Ihvj-  wrrr  |>urrliawil  fiT  Jmepli  Drx»»rt  eMNtr.  A  eoloml  IkinD}  ucmpipil  our 
<tf  (tirni  fix  K-^rnU  ji-an  m  •  liunic. 


I 

J 


OUR  FltEXCH  ALLIES. 


311 


TIic  luml  upon  which  ihe  camp  vras  hero  cstalilishcd  nrigi- 
nally  coneititutuil  a  part  uf  mi  c^tntc  of  niore  thmt  one  Ihou- 
sainl  ncxv^  (so  tnuliliou  says)  owned  liy  (lie  Kcvercntl 
Groiforj*  Doxtcr,  iin  e:»rl/  scltlcr  and  a  pmrnincnt  citizon  of 
Providence.  From  hia  decensc  until  iiiiitu  roL*eiitly»  it  has 
romaint'd  uiilmikcn  in  tho  hands  of  his  poslerity.  In  ITHfl, 
.Tcreniiafi,  Joseph  and  Ii;<iw)ii\|  Dexter,  gniit -grand sons  of- 
Gro':i>ry  Dexter,  wi-re  ownera  of  the  uamp-gruunii. 

Their  fallior  was  Ctiptnin  Stephen  Dexter,  who  lived  on 
the  honu'-iitcjid  of  his  father,  JuUn,  aon  of  fiwgory,  a  little 
norlhwiinl  of  the  N»r1h  Hnriiil  (ii-ound,  on  the  uist  >^ide  of 
"  Pawtnckct  Avennc."  He  \vfi  five  sons, —  John,  Joseph, 
Cbri&topher.  Jcrumiiih,  and  Kdwnrd, — iinU  three  tUngbters, 
Susiin,  Krcelovc  and  Waitstill. 

Jeremiah  Dexter  was  ii  fanner,  wnd  resided  nt  tho  foot  of 
llurnngtoirs  lane,  on  the  nvenne  nhovo  mentioned.  He  wju 
celelmited  hs  u  "initnnd  hone  Kcller,"  and  wns  h  worthy  uian, 
llpiight  and  prucisf  in  hII  his  hahit.-^  and  dealings.  A  -ilory 
is  told  of  him  in  tho  family,  that  at  thu  time  of  tho  French 
encampment  he  brought  one  day  into  his  bniiiio  n  l>ag  of  sil- 
ver, which  he  lind  received  from  tho  French  for  the  u&o  of 
(he  land,  and  pmhahly  in  part  for  farm  pro<hico  tiold  to  them. 
Pnittng  it  on  the  iUwr,  he  told  his  two  nieeei*  that  ho  would 
give  ittoeilherof  tliem  that  could  Ud  it,  hnt  neither  was  nhlo 
to  do  ?o.  He  married  Inli^  in  life,  and  dlc^d  March  1,  I?t07, 
leaving  uiue  children,  tho  hist  of  whom,  Anna  Dextor,  died 
Octol>er  13,  1874,  in  the  eighty-fifth  year  of  her  ago.  She 
closed  her  long  life  in  the  homestead  where  her  father  lived 
and  died. 

When  the  idlies  finally  left  their  encjimjiment,  there  was 
due  to  Jeremiah  Dexter,  for  six  hnn4lred  and  ninety-nine 
corils  of  w{M)d,  "cut  off  2.'i  acres,  1  rod  and  14  poles  of 
hmd,"  and  for  ihtmage  done  txt  fences,  etc.,  the  sum  of 
$l,44(>\.  In  his  compensation  for  this  demanti  he  wiu  less 
fbrtunate  than  in  the  sale^  just  mentiuuetl.     He  was  paid,  not 


312 


RHODE   ISLAND   IN'TUE  UEVOLUTIOK. 


in  ''hard  monoy,"  Init  in  crontiiieiitui  pnjwr,  wUicb,  in  its 
deprcciiiteil  stjite,  becnme  a  talal  loss.* 

Joseph  Doxtor,  a  brother  of  Joi-cniiah,  died  iinmnrried. 
Ileotrncd  and  livud  in  n  house  on  I'uwtiu-ket  Avunuc,  nenrly 
niidniiy  liolueen  Nortli  stivct  and  the  residence  of  the  late 
Honorahio  Edwuixl  P.  Knowks,  which,  during  tho  llcvolu- 
tion  and  iiflcr  it,  was  ii  tavern,  Imring  a  hull's  head  fur  u  i^i^Q- 
The  old  main  hiiilding  wua  jiitlled  down  n  few  years  sign. 
The  newer  kitc-bon  portion  has  been  converted  into  a  cottage 
reHidcnt'C.  Joseph  also  h;i<l  a  claim  against  the  French  allies 
for  nine  hundred  and  tifty-thi-ee  and  a  half  conU  of  wochI, 
"out  ulT  .11  aiTcs.  3  I'odb  anil  !>  poles  of  hind,"  and  for  dam- 
ago  done  to  fences,  etc.,  amounting  to  $2,047^,  (cstiinrilud 
pi-obaldy  ill  spt'cie,)  which  was  paid.  Incapable,  from  some 
cftii.se,  of  taking  ciU'e  of  his  estate,  he,  for  ninny  years,  was 
placed  under  guardianship.  His  diflcwnt  guardians  appear 
to  have  been  very  tuithfut  in  tbc  dischai'ge  of  their  tnista.t 


•Tliipinr#l,Hn',4.  ["hkrd  niciiiej-,"proli»lil;,l  wrrf  the  tuui otdrrcil  bj  the  (inicnU  A»t»n»- 
bly  lubi-  ^tilil  la.lcrvRiluli  tirxiiT  on  il>v  km  aril  uiudv  try  ■  RimitiKlcc  npiiuliirfil  tir  llml 
tniily  III  i-xAiriliir  litlu  «iiil  n'|*iTl  U|iun  IbraiiltJpM.  Awatdiiij  turn  Iniilllii'ii  in  Ilii-  Umlly, 
■III-  •'■iijiriii  n'(viv<-<]  ill  roiiiiiipuriil  ym\»T  <■■*  aJiOOn;  f;o  uti-n.  pali)  In  niiMiiua  Arnold  lur 
lw«iitT.rour  aud  H  •lUM'Icr  cinTd*  or  wnrHl,  rciKE  dtilruyiil,  rtc:  ti'f,  to  JriYttilMli  ^njlv* 
for  full  r  cfrnh  uf  muoal  «ni)  fi-iicv  [Irilnij^il;  910  Cu  ]Vtr<r  HaDitall  fin  fV'ncr,  rlc,  ■Ir^trnyi'il; 
mill  tloi.i  JIairy  OrKitrr  foi  fvim.  He.,  driU«}*vil.  IIlp anBrillnx  WinuilUM- u1m>  moircd 
•  III  lu  c>>in.|)riiMii[U'a  for  lis  icrvtci-*. 

f  TW  T'lllaitluic  bill  will  bi-  In  idan-  in  tlita  Funnrdluii,  WiTIImn  Saillh  wa«  Hint  guard- 
ian of  .l<»r)>ti-  TliH  nriiiuiii  nlih  liiru  .ulilcli  >p|wiirs  lu  tiuii;  li-KU"  ■»  17H^,  wti*  miili?rctl 
MAldit  Mr.Multliby  Jowph'tMUle,  In  ITW: 

UK-  LriWABD   I^HITII, 

To  JutiKi'ii  Okxtkb,  Dr. 

in<i. 

To  itKiniif  _»<iii  wn-liMl  «r  TlinmK*  Artiulil.  thai  he  rewlvulof  Ihc  lYencli  Tiir 

wood  nii'1  iJaniadv*  ilvnv  Ur  ili«  Frviicli  annr,              -             .             -  Jtdl6    i  0 

TuiiitrmlonMinrfruKifllll  Jau'j-.  irvl,  IfiMi^wpt.,  ITlnl.    -               •  ■           <   SO 

Tu  *pi>rii)Hll'>n  or  lui^nraw  ul'iak-*  upon  tlir  llutj  jiurcliacci!  bjr  yov.           •  )l  17  0 

Tu  Ilir  IiiIkitM  on  Ilie  inmr,              .              .              .               .               .  .          H  i;  0 

Tu  nioiic.r  iluti  rrniHlnciI  lu  tlie  Bland  of  Tboma*  Arnold  aricr  iIlp  Bnt  (HHo- 

nirni  wUliUip  ('rcneli.           ■             •             .             •                          -  II    17 

To  llitriril  uit  Ihr  stlur.  lA  yi>ar«i     •  -  •  .  •  .  It  1Z  I 

AcvoritluK  to  iraillilon,  niueli  ot  ilir  tln-l  coii«un»'<<l  tij  tti«  lrrxit»  uiu  ^iiC  frwin  lliv  (bn>*t 
wItlilD  tlir  llnilli'  »r  tho  camp-xmiiml.     I'tir  tret*  wet«  muaily  of  prlinliW(<  itrontli. 

Al  .Vi'HiHFrf.  ■ilriiiHiid  of  JiiM-fli  t.nirn'iicr,  animi rilfnft  lo  I.IM  llvmand  V>.:i  ilvniWn, 
tor*tftv*  rkiriiUIii-il  lo  iliu  Vrvorliuriiiy.  wan  |>alil  b\  H.de  UhuIiiv,  AiiKutI  11),  I7H0.  Four 
Ovrnli'M  wvrr  n-ckonral  lo  a  llvrc.  Tilt'  bill  wm  rrtidcTrd  In  llit>  Kn^ivch  lanjtuajn-. and  iru 
lrali»tali>d  Into  tliiRlUli  Uj  « 'nliiii.r.'i  'I'lidina*  L.  Ualwy.  wlio  nrllltnl  Itiir  curncltipBt  uf  tllO 
IrMialallonbvrtitP  Nalliaotrl  Wlipaion,  Jupiirv  of  Ilit  ri.HKv  lu  l*n>vidMic*. 


OUR  FRENXn  ALLIES. 


&13 


He  die<l  in  1813^  ntiil  Ksek  Kslnt  uas  nppoiii1«il  adntiiiititra- 
tor  of  III!*  estate. 

Kdwun)  Dcxlur  built  und  cKYiipictl  ivlmt  is  uovr  known  us 
ihe  "  Jliill-wiiy  Jloiise,"  on  tlie  we»i  side  of  Vuwtiickpl  Ave- 
nue, the  old  roiid,  a  Utile  south  of  Ibo  late  toll  gnte.  He 
was  n  ship-miiRlfir,  whitrh  ofrnpittion  ho  fullowod  for  8oiiie 
yenw,  until  he  was  lost  nt  sea,  in  1770.  IIo  left  two 
daughtei-h,  M\d  two  jioimi, —  Stephen  and  Edward. —  who,  for 
n  niinilHii'  of  years,  were  in  hu;Binct»  logelher  in  Providence, 
whoi-e  they  were  well  known.  Edward,  the  survivor,  died 
in  1^G0»  nged  ninety  yeare. 

A     DECAYED    IKTEKEKT    ItKVIVEIJ. 

In  the  <'o«rsc  of  ciglity-four  yonr*,  nearly  all  the  eitizcns 
of  Pix>videni.'e,  m-Iio  in  childhood  or  in  youth  hud  lieen 
nttnictcil  to  the  military  di^phiy  niiido  Iiy  the  Freiieh  titlies  in 
the  North  Providence  oncnmpment,  had  departed  this  life. 
As  uo  .steps,  cither  public  or  private,  had  been  tnken  to 
pi-eserve  the  identity  of  the  spot,  or  to  keej)  alive  in  Iho 
minds  of  Ihe  rising  generation  the  spirit  it  was  calculated 
to  inspire,  even  the  tmditions  of  the  winter  (piarters  of 
1"H(>-8I,  had  grown  too  dim  to  maintain  a  hoUl  upon  the 
interest  of  the  coiumunity.  Indeed,  so  appiii-ent  hud  indif- 
ference to  the  past  become,  that  when,  in  18(!5, 1  read  before 
the  Rhode  Ishind  Historical  Society  an  outline  of  this  his- 
tory, which  I  hud  sketched  iu  18ti4,  J  introduced  it  with 
the  follnwinif  remarks  : 


Some  of  our  citterns  Iiave  )od^  been  nwarr  of  tlie  existence  of  tbe  oM 

carap-^rotind  oL'Cupk-d  b>  11h*  Frviicli  artn.v  wliilc  'juurlrn-il  In  thl-4  8tn(i',  la 
the  years  irsO  ITMl  niiil  I7SS;  hut  few,  perhaps,  can  ilcfltiP  Its  pxoci  loml- 
Ity,  or  [Kititl  ant  lo  the  Mrnni^er  the  »|>ot  us  one  of  the  vWllilc  liindmnrka  nf 
tlie  Ik'Vultilloii  Blill  cxiAllnj!  Id  nnd  around  ouroit)'.  Already  ooe  portion  of 
lite  sniuiMl,  whvre  our  ralLhrtil  aDlf^  n  ore  ftlicHfnHl,  liait  Imwh  (lotI«tl  witli 
ilwt-IliUK*,  nnO  nnuther  hmt  brvn  overtunipO  Uy  the  plnugti  ami  the  xpado 
of  (lie  liusliniiilmiin.  In  a  Tl-w  yc»n,  probnbly,  utl  traces  of  ttie  encamp* 
nient  wlU  be  IomI,  and  Its  i>lu-  will  beconit.-  a  matter  of  tradition.  It  Is 
mnch  to  he  rt^grvttcd.  itiac  a  plan  of  ttto  cncntnpaitm  had  uot  bi:«n  made 
40 


3U 


RnODE  ISLAKD  W  THE  REVOLUTION. 


bcTnn  tltl«  work  uf  oblllcrailoii  was  bcKun,  Bod  It  reema  ulniiiK  tliat  K 
•pot  ftro*iiK)  wlik'li  so  tnnuy  iiit(rrt.-!<t)]is  mrtnoried  gntliur  Hhuiilil  luive 
retained  so  ftji-Wc  n  hold  upon  piihllc  jitttiillon  It  wtHiM  liavt-  iippcurptl 
more  titiliirnl  fur  pnlHntbin  lo  irnvt.-  crcctrd  a  iDcmoi iiil  »toiic  upriii  titr 
grounil.  to  contnii-riiO[.itp  tlK-crcut  no*]  lo  Identify  iltc  i-Int-tr.  J)iiLotir»  l« 
ipss  tlic  iige  of  si'iiiliiitftit  tlinii  of  ittllily.  I'ntrlulk-  prnmptiupi.  n»  oiictt 
*-xi»lin«.  have  glieti  jiUce  to  ttirifl;  nud  th«  fact  tlt»l  a  spot  "Ukh.  In  n 
HoniHii  a»f.  Would  Iinvo  been  marked  by  a  iiilUlMry  nrcli,  Iihh  ttven  tat- 
titm}  In  pftso  Into  cuiiipnriitlve  otjllvtuii.  must  liikc  lin  pluei;  t>L-»idi.-  ■iiutht-r 
fact  evon  inoru  n-riiarkHblp,  viz. :  that  ■■  What  riioi-r  Jtmk,"  siciod  to  the 
memory  of  tliv  founder  of  Ithode  I>lrtiid,  linji  iH-en  ftlluni'd.  Mtihnnt 
tIioii;:tit  or  ri>mon>lruTicc,  tube  burk-<J  bciieuth  lIiL-sand  and  rubM»Ii  uf 
street  cxcavoiionit." 

Cous-idtiliia  all  lliv  circiiinslaucea  that  marked  the  tarry  oP  llie  Frt'iicb 
army  fliiiotig  uf>,  and  thv  fuel  ihnt  llliodr  I^lmul  tntupi*  wci-i-  K.-i  r.onipati- 
loiis  III  linns  In  tliti  tttv^t  of  YorktuWD.  tl)c  surrmdrr  of  which  mtf  the 
lust  ^reat  iiillltjiry  (^vcnt  of  the  war  of  th«  Revolution,  It  woiil<)  hi-  tMnt- 
naiily  proper  that  wimc  inemorlal  of  tin-  rVirndly  rplnlions  of  i;((0-i;.s2 
»li<mhl  b«  plitced  npon  the  camp-grniiDd.  to  mark  Us  locality  In  all  romlng 
time  A  simple  ni'tMHhifnt  wHli  uu  ftpproprliitv  liiscrlptluii.  Wit  Iti  thi-  ueti- 
tcr  uf  sruuud-s  n-M-rvcd  tiK  a  1'aiik.  would  be  nl  oiicc  auttJibIc  fur  tlie  pur- 
pone  here  sti;iK<^nL('<I,  anil  attractive  to  vi'lcor^  r>(tin  other  prtrLs  of  unr 
ooDniry.     It )»  ti>  bL'  hoped  that  sorafthiiti;  of  this  klud  will  yi.-t  be  Oooc. 

Fifteen  years  Itiler,  pubUe  iiulifTei-uiice,  it  in  •rmlifj'ing  to 
record,  had  given  place  to  interest  in  histonnd  localities  and 
events  oftbo  iievolutiontiry  period.  The  seed  sown  in  hope 
had  jreriiiiiinti-'d  :  qiiiukened,  pcrhnps,  liy  (lie  centeiiniiil  cent- 
inenit»nilion3  of  (ho  cfiplure  of  General  Pi-cseott  and  of  the 
battle  on  Hhodo  Island,  together  with  the  prospective 
niitionni  com nirni oration  of  the  surrender  of  Cofnwallis  nt 
Yorktown ;  but  even  now  (l»^y2>  there  are  but  few  peivons 
in  Pro'\'ident-i>,  eonipiired  with  the  entire  |)i>pulation,  who 
have  Tisited  the  fanii>-groitnd,  or  who  can  inform  a  stranger 
wheix!  to  find  it. 


*  Tlic  prc<f rtkTiua  of  ililf  Koclc.  a>  a  1d«lorlr«l  mrtnorlnl  ot  the  Ibuntlcr  of  tlie  State, 

fhliii  n  t»\i-  lltnl  iiD-Rinl  «l[iiii>l  lii<>vltiil|lr.  v>i»  >.:ii-nil  lliiirx  ■  topic  of  cunvi-TsAllan  mt 
nirvrliijp  of  tlia  Uliiiil(>  InlNntl  Hlftorlral  !^i>Hi'l< ,  huiI  k  i»iiiriitiii'»  vai  njipnliili-il.iif  vhlcli 
liu-  lAle  l'r»*l(lrul.  11k  ItonomMo  XtieMttinh  Allen.  «■««.  cliHlnuun.  tw  Mnfrr  wllti  ItwClly 
CoUliiHI  Diid  iillii'miiiiinilhc  >u1t]i-i-l.  Tlila  Intcrjiuillliiii  xtiiTnllhi.'riiiBrrjiiiKantl  rrRUttal 
of  liLoct»«f  ilir  aToiir,  l>i  tiinltlviiL  •iimnllty  lur  a  tnuiiiiiiiriitnl  piopum.  Whi-ii  iIip  nutera 
rsircMLliyor  WUliMuiiitrcft  «liftll  1iiii'i<  lovu  f rnik-d  to  nirvi  ittf'  nfWninrjttQal  Krrft.wMeh 
eolt  tilt  »Tir»e  uf  "  Wb»l  Chrer  Co»e."  Ihu  bwl  of  llip  vxX  wlU  Ik-  «ivrn-it  fnitii  nilrm  la 
iwvmj'  feel  berti-mh  thp  Hirface.  The  quarried  Mount,  It  Iw*  Invd  •dm^X^U,  *1iould  bo 
ljuII[{atoAiBDUutDCDt  louiurli  ih««pot. 


OUB  FRKVCH  ALLIES. 


M5 


The  Ilorioniblo  Suuiiicl  G.  Arnold,  lute  Pi-c^tdent  of  the 
Kbodc  Island  llintortciil  Society,  slioilly  ticfuro  his  lumctited 
doatli,  Febniary  13,  1880,  expnt-wcd  ii  wish  nimilar  to  the 
one  ultcrud  hy  mytifit' ill  liiG5.  It  ivas  "  (lint  vometbing 
nit<r|it  lie  dono  to  conimemoi-ate  tlio  enranipiiiRnt  in  the 
north  part  of  our  city  i>f  the  Freuch  troops  of  our  Revolu- 
tionary iiriuy,  beyond  "the  mere  culling  of  Ciimp  street  in 
its  ixtmenibrunc*."  He  siij^estcd  "that  a  I'nrk  Ik;  iirran^cd 
on  the  liile  tu  honor  of  the  troo)>s,*'  if  pniclicaMe ;  btit  if 
not,  then  that  thci-e  ahoiild  Iw  n^iven  to  streola  the  numos  of 
Kochnnilicau.  Viomcsnil  aod  Gimat.  "on  no  nccoiint  omitting 
the  latter,  n  ho,  in  a  led-s  pru-cintnent  |H>sitioii,  showed  great 
bravery,  and  led  tho  American  forlorn  hope  at  the  storming 
of  Yorklown."  Tho  6iif^e»tiou  of  a  Park  was  lo  me  a  plea»- 
ing  L'otncidenc'e,  co[nii)<;  na  it  did,  in  a  hiIcwii  uioinent  of 
life,  from  the  lips  of  the  uccompltt^icd  historian  of  Rhode 
Irtland.  This  wish  was  coninumicatcd  hy  Mrs.  Cornelia  K. 
Green,  a  sisier  of  the  deeeascd,  in  a  letter  addressed  to  ihe 
Hon.  Amos  l*eiTy,  Secretary  of  the  Kbodc  Island  Ilistor- 
ioat  Society,  who,  in  iiccoi'dancc  *vith  a  reriHcst  of  Mr. 
Aniold,  lai<l  it  tH*f<)re  that  htidy  at  a  mecl.in<;  held  duly  <!, 
16150.  In  appruhatiun  of  its  contents,  a  commillee  uas 
appointed,  corit«iHling  uf  Profetisor  William  Gammell,  Jiid<^ 
John  II.  Stincss  and  General  Horatio  Rogers,  to  Like  suil- 
ulile  action  uj>on  the  subjei^t.  The  committee  sul>scquently 
conferred  willi  the  Miiyor  of  the  city,  the  Hon,  Thomas  A. 
Do3'lc,  who  informed  (hem  that  names  were  iisnaMy^ven  to 
new  sti^ects  when  they  %vere  laid  out  by  proprietors,  and 
long  before  ihcy  were  offered  to  (be  city  for  aecejUanre,  and 
thai  when  oneo  accepted,  it  was  undesirable  to  change  their 
names,  if  it  coulil  be  avoided.  He  advised,  therefore,  that 
the  commiitee  present  tho  wishes  of  the  Society  to  tho  own- 
en  of  the  land  through  which  those  streets  were  oponeil,  hy 
whom  it  would  probably  be  easy  to  carry  them  into  efi*ect. 
Hi?  further  iidvi.sed  that  the  names  selected  for  tliU  pnrpoae 
should  not  be  ditficult  of  pranunuiulion  by  ordinary  Eiigtiak- 


3t6 


RDODE   ISLAND   Di    THE    REVOLUTION. 


sp«akin<;  people.  The  committee  reported  the  results  of 
its  interview  with  the  Mayor,  iind  expressed  itself  m  rcuJy  to 
give  "  still  furtlier  attenlion  to  the  matter  in  nccordanco  with 
the  judicious  iidviec  of  thf  Mnyor." 

Here  the  niMtl^r  temponirily  rested,  or  nither  llie  leaven 
begnn  quietly  hut  efl'ectively  to  work.  At  n  meeting  of  the 
Ilistoriful  Society,  bold  Febnmrj'  21,  1882,  the  SecreInQ', 
Mr.  IVrry,  announced  Ihiit  a  genilcmnn  who  wns  "  interested 
to  see  in  the  State  uf  libode  Uhmd  a.  moniimt.'nt  thnt  shall 
indicutc  and  foster  the  spirit  of  gnitiludf!  to  the  Trench 
nation  for  co-operating  with  the  American  people  in  their 
stnigglu  for  liheriy  and  indcpendeiife,"  had  authorized  him 
to  purchase  n  portion  of  the  e^nmp-ground  stiitiil)le  for  h 
puhliv  Park.  This  has  been  done.  Twenty-seven  acrea 
were  pui-cliHsed  of  Mr.  John  Morris,  who  occupies  the  .lerc- 
miah  Dexter  house,  at  the  comer  of  !*ji«'(ucket  Avenue  «nil 
North  street.  Several  additional  acres  of  adjacent  laud  were 
also  purchased,  for  the  purpose  of  icndering  the  lot  more 
symmetrical — the  whole  making  a  tract  of  nearly  thirty-two 
acres.  This  operation  was  conducted  with  entire  secrecy, 
and  when  iho  injunction  was  removed,  the  pid*tic-rtpiritcd 
citizen  proved  to  be  Hi-nry  T.  lieckwilh.  Esij.,  of  Provi- 
dence. ^Mien  Mr.  Ferry  unnounecd  to  the  meeting  what 
had  been  done,  the  niO!*t  lively  interest  was  ninnifcsted, 
showing  on  Its  part  coiuplele  &ui-prisc.  Professor  Gammell 
well  remarked,  "  that  this  Pork  must  henceforth  be  regarded 
as  a  uatiunal  affair.  The  generous  and  public-spirited  citi- 
zen who  had  planned  and  e.\eeuted  this  work  by  the  assist- 
ance of  tbo  Secretary,  merited  and  would  receive  liasttog 
honors." 

Thus  the  long-desired  Park  has  been  insured ;  and  when, 
in  the  future,  private  or  municipal  munificence  shall  have 
employed  esthetic  taste  and  »kill  in  adorning  the  gvouuds 
with  walks,  shade  trees,  flowers^  a  foimlain  and  a  statue  of 
ICochambeau,  or  with  some  other  appropriate   monument. 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


317 


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%         s  <  ■ 

?  c        *    < 

§MOUN03 

1 

\ 

o 

S    1 

< 

5 

/?< 

<< 

1 

<< 

1 

< 

I 

< 

■ 

A. 

^i. 

u 

> 

< 

E 


NORTH        ST. 


r 


Diagram  op  thk  Freuch  Encampukkt  in  North  Providekci,  17W-SI. 


318 


RHODE  ISLAND  IV  TUB  UEVOLUTION. 


the  uiiin^iictic  nttmction  of  the  spot' wilt  draw  iniiltitiitlcH  to 
enjoy  its  refrosbirig  breezes  ami  ita  deligJitful  runil  scenery. 

SURVEY    OK    T«K    CAMIMJHOUSD. 

In  1865,  assisted  bv  >Ir.  Henry  K.  Davis,  of  the  Prov^ 
dcncc  flmirnal,  I  made  h  ciircftil  siin'cy  of  tlio  (tncnnipmcnt, 
for  the  juirpose  of  preserving  sndi  of  its  remains  as  time 
and  llirift  bad  sjwireU.  In  this  survey  we  were  siiicecssfiil 
beyond  our  most  sangiiino  expectations.  Going  over  the 
grounds  several  liuies,  we  found  no  Oifficnlty  in  tnteing 
clearly  definotl  sites  of  three  hundred  and  thirteen  huts, 
tents  and  fire  pits.  These,  of  course,  were  not  all;  but  it 
was  n  source  of  great  satisfaction  that,  amidst  tlio  mutations 
of  ycai-s.  so  many  evidences  of  the  winter  luinu'  of  our 
French  allies  were  still  visible.  To  insure  entire  accuracy,! 
subsequently  went  twice  over  the  ground,  comjiaring  my 
diiignmi  with  the  sites  that  had  been  noted  ni>on  it.  Tho 
result  of  the  survey  was  placed  uiwn  a  plat,  which  ai;coui- 
pantcs  this  volume.  Tho  note  in  the  mnrgin  will  make  the 
plat  entirely  intelltgihie  to  the  reader.  In  this  plat,  most  of 
the  divifiinn  walls  and  fences  of  the  encampment  have  Iwon 
omittetl,  as  lending  to  confuse  tho  mind  in  ivgiU'd  to  its 
topography.  On  the  preceding  page  is  a  diagram  of  the 
encampment,  %villi  lines  indicating  the  division  walls  and 
fences,  as  they  appeared  in  1805.  It  was  an  ort'-hand  sketch, 
made  from  points  where  the  grounds  could  he  overlooked, 
but  with  nu  pi*etcnsi(tn  to  a  surveyor's  aecunicy .  The  ground 
enclosed  in  the  rear  of  the  center  house  on  North  street,  as 
seen  on  the  diagram,  was  cultivated  as  a  garden.  The  lot 
between  that  house  and  tho  corner  of  Kast  Avenue  was  used 
as  a  vegetable  patch.  The  (ield  next  north,  in  which  a 
spring  is  indicated,  had  been  used  as  a  pasture  ever  since 
the  French  allies  ceased  to  occupy  it.  Here,  ivmaining  tent 
sites  douhl  easily  be  counted.  The  ridges  of  eaitli  thrown 
up  from  the  drainage  ditches,  by  becoming  hard  liirf,  had 
left  the  outlines  plain.     The  field  next  north  had  long  been 


OUB   FBEVCH  ALLIES. 


819 


iindet'  cultivation,  ami  vre  were  n»ne  too  soon  in  sccnrrng 
the  tent  nnd  but  sites  williin  its  limits.     In  this  livUt  wus 
tocnlcd  the  tarn^c^tt  inimltcr  ofliuts,  as  shown  mi  iho  ilin£;mni 
by  snijill,  lit:u-k  aqiiares.     In  the  third  tioM  ihu  te^nt  sites 
wcro  less  luiiueroiis,  litit  were  reudily  disceniud.     Alun;r  the 
eiistprn  Iwrder  of  tlie  cnciiuipnieni  M-ill  be  noticed  a  skirting 
of  woods*,  ill  wltich  nppenr*  ;i  number  of  hut  sites.     In  the 
uoploiif^htrd  lielij.  butwceii  the  main  strcnt  of  the  encamp- 
ment and  the  vvchkIs,  arc  seven  black,  oblong  figures.     There 
^•honld    h:ive    been    eleven.       These   represent   excavations, 
about  thret!  feet   squiii'c   and  tiHecn   inclie>t   in   flepth,  n»cd, 
probably,  for  fire-places  of  tents  or  hots.    Against  the  south- 
ern side  of  each  of  tliese  pits  was  fcnnid  placed  a  stone  iire- 
haek,  darkened  ivith  smoke,  and  nt  the  iKitloni  were  remains 
<if  charred  ivood.     Ju»t  in  the  edge  of  the  MMithem  tind  of 
tho  w(K>ds  was  a  symmetriealty  formed  nionnd  ;   but  the  pur- 
pose fop  vvhirh  it  was  raised  can  only  be  conjectured.     Near 
by,  in  the  form  of  a  basin,  was  an  excavation,  indicated  on 
the  diagram  by  n  cresL-cnt.     Two  similar  basins  were  noticed 
in  a  field  adjacent,  on  the  west,  to  tho  pasture-field  already 
mentioned.     A  second  mound,  smaller  than  the  first  named, 
was  found   in  the  woods  in  the  north-Citst  comer  of  the 
encampment.     But   further  delniU  are   unnecessary.     It  is 
sufficient  toa<ld,  ihitL  the  vestiges  of  the  enciinipnictit  remain- 
ing visil>le  in   iwiio,  as  here  described,  have  now,   with  few 
exceptions,  totally  disappeared.       The   woiidman's  axe   has 
felled  the   forest  grove ;  the   tent  and  hut  sites   have   been 
buiied  beneath  tho  multiplied  furrows  of  the  plough;  stone 
walU  have   been   removed;  llie  loealiou  of  fem-os  Uoa  been 
changed  ;  and  when  I  made  my  last  visit  to  the  grounds  for 
II  final   n'vi>inn  of  my  plat,'  !<u  changed  had  they  become, 
thiit  I  sought  in  vain  for  some  of  the  fiimiliar  landmarks,  8S 
guides  to  spots  I  wished  particularly  to  inspect. 


•M«r  1.  ib7». 


330 


BHOOK  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLDTION. 


AgSIdXUKNT   OF    UOMKK    TO   OmCEES. 

As  miiy  woll  hp  fiiippopod,  tho  French  officers,  who  wore 
to  pnas  the  %vintcr  in  the  camp  or  in  the  town,  recoi\-cd  n  cor- 
dial welcome.  Among  Ihu  princijml  cittxens,  wbo  extended 
to  thorn  ctim't^sicrt.-wcre  Govertuir  Nicholti^  0>okc,  Dopnty- 
ficvcmor  Jjihcz  Rowcn,  Messrs.  Nicholas,  John  iind  Joseph 
IJrown,  .Joseph  Kuasoll*  Colonel  Joseph  Nightin^iilc,  Colo- 
nel Kpbraini  Ilowcn,  Jr.,  Dr.  Tnimiin,  John  Smith,  Dr. 
Chnae,  Colonul  Diiniel  Tillin<;hiu>l.  CHptiiin  Diitiicl  Bucklin, 
Uichnrd  Ohiey,  Cyprian  Storry.  Cnptain  PjuiI  Allen,  Theo- 
(lore  Foster.  WiUiiim  Whcaton,  Daniel  Jackson,  Colonel 
William  Barton.  Amus  Atwell,  Esek  Aldricli,  Nathaniel 
Greene,  John  Innis  Clftikc,  John  Foster  and  Samuel  Xighl- 
ingalo.  The  nunihei'  of  ottieers  received  into  ditrerent  faiu- 
ilica,  as  appears  hy  Ihe  following  list,  \vaa  aixty-foiir.  This 
list  ia  copied  fix>m  the  original  French  nmnuscript,  now  io 
the  possession  of  Henry  Thnycr  Drowne,  Ksfj.,  of  New 
York  city,  by  vvliom  it  was  courteotisly  loaned  to  mc.  The 
list  bears  no  date,  and  may  have  been  intended  to  cover  Ihe 
entire  period  in  which  the  militnry  giicsts  were  entertained 
in  Providence.  The  headqnnrters  of  GcncTnl  Itochnmheaii 
were  nuiinfaincd  in  Newport  nntil,  with  his  army,  he  joined 
Wflflhin^on  in  1781.  He  cnme  to  town  frequently,  and  liis 
l>eing'  formally  assigned  on  this  list  to  the  hospitjility  of 
Deputy-Govcnior  Bowen.  in  whose  family  he  was  always  a 
welcome  guest,  may  have  heen  for  his  convenienee,  as  "b 
stimding  invitation"  whenever  he  visited  IVovidence.*  Iii 
armnging  the  list,  the  widlli  of  the  printed  pnge  required  (be 
omission  of  braces,  where  two  or  more  officers  were  received 
into  the  same  fann'ly  ;  and  in  these  instances  the  name  of  Ihe 
street  and  that  of  tho  host  have  been  repeated.  In  all  other 
respects,  it  is  au  exact  transcript  of  the  original.  For  the 
convenience  of  readers  not  acquainted  with  tho  French  lan- 


•Ante.  p.  S12. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  3S1 

guage,  atninslation  of  tlio  names  of  the  strpcta  on  which  the 
officers  resided  is  given  in  the  accompanying  note.* 

£TAT  DKS  LOfJKMEXTS  MAKQUfid  UAN8  LA  VILLK  DB  I'ROVIDEXCE 
POUR  I.-AUMEE. 

aux  OrdrtM  de  M'r  Lt  Cte.  de  Roehitmbettu. 

[Qi-AUTKiw  OF  TiiK  Fkknch  Ofkiceiis  in  PltOVinEKfB,] 
AleHMlmri.  Sua.  Ckez. 

[Namtt  of  Officert.]  [Sfiwi*.]  [At  the  ItouM  </] 

QUAKTIKB  o£lt£RAL. 

Le  C'le  dc  Kucliamhfku,  Gdniral,      Urandr  me,  pro*  le  pont,  Le  Gouverneur  Bowen. 

De  TarU',  Iiilcndaiit,  Grande  rue  en  dc;ik  du  pont,     Ju)iD  llrown, 

I^  RaroD  df  ^'inmvNnlT,  Hnr^lial 

deCRmp,  Idem,  Job.  ItrowD. 

Le  Chev.de  Ctiiittltiix,  Idrm,  nilsaiit 

le*  runetlona  ilc  M^or- 

Gfn'Tiil,  Idem,  Jot-  Ituiwl. 

I.e  C'lc  de  Vii>iiie«Dil,  MaK-clial  de 

Camp,  Idem,  Colonfl  XfghtlngMlc. 

I>e  ChoL-y,  DrlgHdh-r,  a  col^  d«  la  maliion  de  rllle,      Colonel  Buweo. 

V-.r AT- MAJOR  VK  L,'Anit£E. 

Dc  Devillr,  M'al-G'al  dc8  iMffli,  Rack  ilrcet  *u  dtrta  du  pent,      Theodore  FoMrr. 

AIDKB    IIAK'AI-X    OflK'Al'X    tIES    LOGIN. 

T.e  Vie  dv  Roclianibeau,  Abuciit, 

Collot,  Jlnck  ilml  au  dela  dn  poDt,      Cap'e  Paul  Allen*. 

De  IMvillr,  I'res  de  la  malwiu  dt  vllle,         H*e  lt«p  Couiliio. 

AMIES  MAJOK-nfeNAL'X    DE   L'I!«>-'IE. 

Dc  M(:nonvl1te,  Uranile  rue  en  defi  du  poat.    Cyprian  Rteirj. 

De  Tar\i,  Grande  rue.  Idem,  Nuth.  Auj^ll, 

Duboucltet,  (iraude  rue  mi  delk  du  pant,     Cap'e  Cmul*. 


*Grande  rur  pri"  le  pant,~  Tlie  Main  itreet  near  the  bridge. 

<;raiidt'  nil'  vn  Avi;  i  <lii  |K)iiI,— The  Slain  Mrect  Ihli  »ldc  the  bridge. 

Back  sln-ft  an  ilrtii  ilii  piiiil,—  llHck  Blreet  beyond  the  bridge. 

Bark  BTrii'l  rn  ilcfii  du  )Hinl,  — Buck  Hirret  thl«  nlde  tlie  bridge. 

I'ri't  du  111  liliil-'iu  df  vllle,— Near  the  Town  Hull. 

(irsndi'  nil'  uii  dHkilj  pout,— Thi>  Malii  itreet  beyond  the  bridge. 

a  cote  dc  In  niuiion  <)e  vllle,—  Next  to  the  Town  Hall. 

Grande  rui-  pri-i  U  niiii.ion  de  villi', —  Tlie  Main  Mreet  n<Mtr  the  Town  Hooie. 

Grande  riic  vl<  k  vis  In  nmlson  ile  vllle, — The  Bluln  ilreet  oppoaltu  tlie  Tuwd  Hall. 

"  lluek  Klni'I  tliii  si'li-  llic  liriclfri-,"  la  now  lleneflt  ilreel. 

"  llHck  "Iri-i-l  lipyiiud  Hie  UridKe,"  N  now  WeiitminMer  ittreet. 

"The  Muiii  Hn-fX  (hh  Hlile  llie  briilxe,"  Unuw  North  and  South  Main  ■Irevt*. 

"  The  HjIii  stri'ct  t)cyoiid  the  bridge,"  la  now  Weyboiiet  atreet. 

41 


■ 

322                   HHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOMTnON.                      ^^^^| 

^^^1 

iruH«yrf. 

X«» 

Clut.                         ^1 

^H 

[Ktrnm^fiJIixn] 

(Slmtt.] 

[it(toiriwa<r<t^|                            j 

^^^^^1 

l>i>.«n)ln>nlnj,  Coloarl  ComniMi- 

Gnuidt  nw  en  de^i  du  pant. 

■lolinClnrfi. 

^^^^^^^L 

tUnt. 

^^^^^^H 

Tie  (JMrtMl.  UnrtruanM'olonrl, 

(iravilr  rur  an  rtela  <lu  poM, 

Dr.  Trnman. 

^^^^^^^B 

De  ttdfi^  Major. 

(ImrHli-  nir  rn  iIkA  ila  pauli 

f:«p'#  [mn.  BakttB. 

^^^^^^^m 

Dv  DofT*.  CaplialtM. 

Oraiiili)  ru*  rn  ik^  ilu  punt. 

Nath.  Aaicrlt. 

^^^^^^^1 

C'ruMlcrilHiprtrrf.    Una, 

Unixtt  rur  en  dpfA  da  ponl. 

Nalh-  Auvcll. 

^^^^^^^1 

Dctiacanr,               Idrm. 

Otanili'  I'm'  mi  ilria  iIli  imnl, 

Ilavkln*. 

^^^^^^H 

La  lla'Dii  il»  Turpin,  hlwD, 

Graiiilr  rur  vti  tti-^  du  poni. 

WlUTjlor. 

^H 

IH  HaHlwr.  UtuHnut, 

Grande  rue  cii  dt^kdn  pom, 

AUTIUUtHIE. 

U'ltl  Tytor. 

^^^^^H 

D'AboHtlf,  (Tolatiei  Cewniaiidaiir, 

Ormnit  rat  »a  drift  ila  pORl. 

Will  Tvlor. 

^^^^^^f 

l>«i  Ijktlcr.  Mnjiit  itfn  fc.|(i1|i«(M, 

M*n>. 

IXjP  MxMlnjpila- 

^^^^^^H 

Maudulr.  .tiJt  3iI^]or. 

linin<l«  rue  an  dda  du  pom. 

Dan.  JafkMia. 

^V 

Euinaucj',  Ulrui. 

UiBiitIr  rue  au  drift  <lii  poul. 

l>ai),  JacliHin. 

^^^^^H 

Blsnrliard,  Coiii'rc  <1r*  gu'ct  pp«I, 

aranib-  rur  au  delft  dii  puiM, 

Win  Whralait. 

^^^^^^^1 

[>»  V ilk-man *]r,   iilmn. 

OraTiili-  ni*  pr^  dii  [I'liil, 

Uiifiili>rt. 

^^^^H 

Obo.  Uen,  M  dit  L'ArUllcric 

Huk  *IK»I  au  drift  An  font. 

Widow  Clark. 

^^^^1 

rBTTT 

&TAT-HAJ.   I(K   L'AKHSK. 

^^^^^^1 

Mulirni.  CapV  dn  Galdea, 

n'd«  nia  vti  k  rlf  u  naliea 

^^^^^^1 

deilllr. 

Jotiti  Sttllh. 

^^^^P 

VKiiVott, 

^^^^^f 

Dc  Konehani]).  IV-vot, 

Oranilr  lu*  an  itrt^dii  jKinl. 

Qcn'ar  Roolu. 

^^^F^ 

L<i  l'rlt»iia^-U  VUlr. 

Via  ft  rl«  In  roftlauii  <l«i  ttllr. 

1 

^^B 

«lliEft-|lR-CAMr   l>K   M'H    Ij:   C'lMTK   t>E   DCM'IIAHBKAU.                                                         J 

^^^H 

I.r  f^ninli'  ilr  t'rr>)-i>, 

GrHiidr  rur  pn  drfft  ilu  |>unr. 

Kle.  Rrovn. 

^^^^r 

1^  Mnr(|M<'  lie  Vaiilinn, 

Gravilr  rue  co  iln»  da  |iobn 

NIc  Broirn. 

Le  Man|u1<  ilc  Itamu, 

Gmnde  rile  rn  di^adu  (loiil. 

Nlc.  nrvMto. 

Ij*  ClH-ia>lirr  ilv  l.amtrlh. 

Oranile  rue  ni  (li-^lilii  ikiiiI, 

Du  I'r  lluwca. 

DWBM, 

Cnnde  rue  rn  drxft'l'^  poni. 

DoeCr  Hfiwen. 

De  Laubcntltrp. 

Ormndc  tub  «i  rli'^^aitu  puni, 

JoliD  Fusrrr. 

Le  Itarvn  rip  l.ltiwn. 

Grande  rue  en  drjadu  pour. 

Jail II  t'lMier. 

^IPK*-»»«A>ir 

UK   k'n   l.K   BAHOX   I>K  VIOMBRKIU 

D'AtiRvly, 

Grande  nie  en  de^jidti  pant. 

Jot.  Itrciiro. 

1^  CliFvntIrr  ilr  Tloini-rall, 

(Iraiidf--  rur  rn  ili-<;j|ilil  paM, 

■III).  Brflirii. 

Itr  C'liatiniini-i, 

Grnodo  mo  en  dri>«  duponi. 

Jriikeliii. 

Brliilaiirau, 

Umadpnuvrudrfadu  paitt, 

J"  like  In*. 

BL  Amaiiil, 

Gnedenieendvcftilu  jhhiI, 

.Inliii  lla|Aln«. 

I>  I'HIlgl-, 

Grande  rue  en  de^du  ("Mir, 

SI.  l-'i.Od. 

l>rtoWax, 

Grande  riic  oi  di-cftdu  pant, 

Dr.  (-Iui>«. 

UrlMO, 

Ideiu. 

Jus.  liruwDi.                                         I 

AtDIU-Illl-CAMr   DK   WX    LB  CHKV'KK   DK   CMATKLLPS.                                                         J 

D»  Llnti, 

prfi  la  lualKin  dc  Tllle, 

l^udiln. 

• 

Dc  HoutrKgalou, 

prti  la  nuUeun  de  t^Ule, 

Oouabla. 

OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


323 


{ Noma  of  OfficerM.  ] 


Itut». 
[StrttU.] 


Ckex. 
[AtlhtHouieqf] 


AlI>KS-DK-CAUr   DK   U'lt    LU  UOMTK   DK  VIOUESXIL. 


D'Olonne,  rKlni', 
0*01  on  ne,  le  culi-t, 
.Stuck, 


I>e  Tr«H«D, 

I  hi  BaulD]-,  TWsorlcr, 


Uaurr,  Riifct.Hseur, 
Muriun,  CuNsicr, 
Ituurguin,  Dlrvtileur, 


I>e  Mhdi,  Rt<glsvcur, 
l>f  Cualc,  1st  MiiilMin, 
Uubltlurd,  Jut  Clilruritleii, 
l.'tibb^  de  GleiDon,  AuiiiAnirr, 


Itunrt  lie  Blr^lrr,  ItifgitBcur, 
Hftrtin,  Uarde-MiigBsin, 


Buck  itreet  en  dt^bdu  ponl,  t^oaard  Spauldlngi. 
Back  «Ireet  rn  de^k  da  pont,  H^ouanl  (SpauldlufI*. 
Idem,  Mn.  Jenklni. 


AlUt-DKCAMl-    DK   M'R    DE  CHOiav. 

Uraade  rue  prt«  la  maivon 
de  vllte, 


Richard  Olney. 


AlDE-t>E-<JAUP   I>K   U'K  DE   UtVII.LE. 

Back  ilrect  an  dclk  du  pont,      Tlivodure  Fotter. 

LK    TRfeSOK. 

Urnnde  rue  au  d«la  du  pont,      CoioDcl  Barton. 
LBS   VtVKES. 


Grande  mc  au  delk  du  pont,  Amei  Attwel. 

Grande  rue  au  delk  du  pout,  Nalh.  <lTevn. 

Idem,  loiiKWarir,  Elucli  Aldrlcti. 

HOP  IT  A  UX. 

k  riiopitnl, 

Grande  rue  en  di^kdu  ponl,  Tiltini^iivtr. 

Grande  rue  en  Ct^k  du  pont,  Samuvl  Yong. 

Idem,  ItcnJ.  Allen. 

KktilK    I>E    LA     VIAKKK. 

Grande  rue  au  delk  du  pont,  Un.  Sleveni. 

rOUKRAOEH. 

Grande  rue  en  Hn;k  du  pont,  Jof .  Ijiuren*. 

r.Ftr.Ts  i>u  Kur. 

Grande  rue  au  dfia  du  pont,  M'e  Clark  Tri^iorler. 


Officers  not  included  in  the  foregoing  list  were  entertained 
in  other  faniilies.  Several  of  them  were  quartered  in  the 
families  of  Jeremiah  and  Edward  Dexter.  A  number  was 
nccommodatcd  at  a  public  house  near  the  old  toll  house, 
then  kept  hy  Jeremiah  Sayles.  Othei"s  found  a  home  at  the 
lliiU's  Head  Tavern, —  the  Joseph  Dexter  house.  Two 
or  three  were  provided  for  by  Esek  Easton,  who  lived  u 
short  distance  north-west  of  the  toll-house.  A  number  of 
others  obtained  board  in  the  house  occupied  by  Itenjamin 
litrndail,  situated  west  of  Pawtucket  Avenue,  and  in  prox- 
imity to  the  fLdward  Dexter  place.     On  the  mantle  of  the 


324 


UIIOnE   ISI^ND    IX   TIIE    KKVOM'TION. 


kitchen  firo-pliicc  wtre  to  !ie  seen,  u  fuw  years  ago,  the  let- 
ters LE'FKV,  «inl  hIsii  the  \citvv  A,  snul  liy  lh«  IhIo  Mnry 
ItaiKlnl!  to  have  lieon  caned  hy  the  French  honrdcvs.  At  the 
Morriit  house,  east  of  Ktist  .\venue,on  the  Swiin  l*uiiit  road, 
officers  were  prDvided  for. 

The  ancient  Urick  bouse  nenr  the  Hutlcr  Ho.'^pitul,  occupied 
u«  I  he  (pmrters  of  a  jjciierjil  otficer,  m'us  often  the  scene  of 
Bociiil  festivities.  Tmdition  informs  us  tliat  on  one  ocenmon 
tt  splendid  hall  *va8  given  llicre,  graceil  hy  ladies  from  town. 

Two  olfieent  hotirdcd  with  Dr.  'Ihroop,  on  North  Main 
street,  and  quite  shocked  their  landlady  hy  prejHiring  forced 
moat  in  tlie  lAxtor's  wig  hox  ! 

A  part  of  the  hou.so  of  ('oloncl  Amos  Atwell  having  liecn 


Old  Biuck  Bophx  ox  tiik  Swax  I'mxt  Koah* 

used  hy  a  French  officer  nnd  lii*  attendnnls.  and  for  qnarlcrs 
for  Captain  de  la  Ihirnilicr  and  his  nttendants  seven  months 
Hnd  two  day«,  from  J>cptcmhor  Ist  to  April  1st,  following, 
he  was  allowed  an<l  paid  i'lH  2«  Ik/,  "  lawful  silver  money." 
Captain  .liLiniiicio,  "an  <iflirer  in  Count  Koehanihenii's 
army,"  occupied  half  of  the  house  of  Captain  William 
Chflce,  four  nnd  one-half  montlis.  who  waa  allowed  and  paid 
hy  the  town  X4  10s,  "  silver  monpy."  thei-ufor. 

»ThUhouM-Unn'l»TH«ci.ltol>»«i-hri-n  ImlU  hyBlfbanl  Brown, '■t«>iimiii.''  In  order  uf 
Tlnw.  a  l»  Ihe  »w»i"t  bri'li  tiou.*-  m<cliKl  wlllilii  Ihe  Uinll*  of  l'ru*lit*iKir.— Hip  Iiousp  on 
Nortli  M«f n  rtrccl. In  whtrt  LalkyKK  wu  ocwrtiii»Uy  tnlrrtoln«i),  (.<i<w ;•.  JtJ,>  brliifi  llw 
itrM. 


A 


i 


OUR   PItENCU  ALLIES. 


325 


Mjijor  Elilm  Kohinson  recei*;ed  £2  2i«,  "lawful  silver 
mouoy,"  "  ibr  llie  use  of  bi»  grent  room  seven  woeki*  \>y  Mr. 
Diimaa." 

Mrs,  IVn(*I(^po  Poclc  wns  allowed  unci  pn'uX  XI  ICji,  **Inw- 
fut  silver  money,"  for  ruotiis  furnished  lo  Dr.  Fersoii,  "prlu- 
eipjil  ninriiie  phvaician  of  the  navy  of  Kniiicc,"  from  Octolier 
4  to  Xovemilier  8,  at  Qt  per  week. 

Jdliii  Laii'hiir  whs  paiii  £*i  2«  "Inwftil  silver  money,"  for 
rent  of  rooms  furnished  two  Frrn<-h  suTgoons,  viz.,  Mona. 
Fownee  and  Mon$.  Siigur.  And  fur  providing  (juai'tera  for 
another  French  officer  he  wn«  allowed  and  paid  £1  lH*, 
"  lawful  silver  money." 

Two  nIKcer?  Ibtind  a  ht)spitHl)lo  liomc  in  the  family  of  Dr. 
Solnmon  Drowne,  who  attained  to  great  eminence  as  a  phj's- 
ician  and  surgeon,  and  an  Professor  of  Materia  Medics  and 
Itotany  in  lirown  lliiiversily.  A  S£)Idier  requiring  stirgieal 
aid,  diihmttled  to  the  opei-atiou  of  trepanning,  which  waA 
skillfully  and  successriilly  performed  hy  Dr.  Drowne,  l>eing 
the  first  case  of  the  kind  tliat  ever  occurred  in  Providence. 
Tbe  patient  recovered. 


"  Solumoii  Drnwiic.  M.  !>.,  wiw  ■  ^rrat  irramlBon  of  I.eoDOrd  lirowiiCj 
uf  Do-itoi].  M.i.HHacliiiti«Lt>*.  tlis  grudfiiChpr  mid  nitta-r  were  al.so  iiami^ 
Snlonmn.  oiiil  ttir  latter  Jicttlcd  in  Pror1dcnc<^,  ]{tio<]e  Island,  ht  llWi, 
where  til*  aiibjecl  or  this  ski>U-li  waa  Imni  March  11.1753.  Dr.  Drown* 
grndiiiitr-d  nL  IIIuxIl-  ("lancl  (^illi-)^,  (ni>«v  lirown  LiiiivemiLy,}  In  1773; 
stmliod  lEitdiclnv,  an*]  rocclred  nietltcnl  degrees  IVom  the  Unircrslty  nf 
PennnylvoDln  nnd  from  niirimoutli  t'oll^e.  Now  IliiiiiitKldr'e.  lie  sL>rvv(l 
i»  «ar^>uii  fur  eevurnl  >-i>iins,  (1770-1780,)  clurltig  tla-  war  of  the  Itefola- 
tlon.  In  ho-opttaU  under  Dr.  hTotwi  Morgan  In  the  St^ites  of  Nvw  York  mil 
Conncclirii t,  nnd  with  Dr.  JoiiitUmi)  Arnold  In  Ithodo  Hlund ;  also  In  ( 'nionci 
Cnirj'ii  hihI  Colonel  .-VtiVL-irH  Uliotk-  [iiland  re^-linciita  of  the  iMDtinentAl 
line.  He  wiLH  III  8ulllvau*H  i-X|i>-illtlon  iitioii  lUiode  Ixlniid.  and  hiiil  cbnrge 
of  the  lii»>|)U«l  Ht  Brijtlul,  In  llii,'  Kdl  of  1790  In-  w«?nt  on  ii  i;ritUe  asi  nur- 
goon  In  the  private  sloop  of  war  '  Hope.'  bis  Journal  of  which,  with  lliv 
gonealotu  uf  liU  fntully.  hii»  bi-en  prIiittHl.  Ifc  won  ttic  resanl  of  La^iyclte, 
the  CouuLs  (Ic  Roclininbeau  Find  D*Eataing,  an  well  ns  of  other  Krencli  oHl- 
cera,  to  sncli  a  degree,  hy  hU  medlcnl  nblllCj-  and  aklll  03  a  surgeon,  that 
t]i«  chief  of  thL'  niedlcAl  »lair  eiitnistcd  invalid  soldiers  U>  hla  care  When 
the  French  len  for  home.     The  letter^  he  received  from  the  odUccrs  cvlnco 


326 


RHODE  ISLASD  IS  THE  REVOLUTION. 


the  highntt  ostf  matlon,  not  oaly  of  Wa&bioctou  m  QtneralH>»imo,  but  of 
the  IthoOc  lalnnileni  gviivrtilly. 

"to  1783  liL'  watf  okclcil  to  the  BuartI  of  Fellotv«i  in  3r»wu  Unlicrslty. 
iL  T«ar  lutur  lie  went  to  LniKlun.  and  spunt  Bevcnil  inuntlDi  in  travi'llin;; 
(irer  England,  and  In  vlttltlHf;  <ho  hnsplial.-i  and  ine'dlrfl]  acIiooIs.  In  M»y. 
l>t<5,  lie  vlif!U-<l  ilolliHid  find  Bi-l|;liini  fur  aimilur  pur|ii)sr».  and  tli«n  went 
lo  i'arla.  Wliik  ta  FfJiinn-  lis  wii-s  often  »  ^iit-Mt  of  lir.  Fruukliu.  nl  Passy. 
Iti  wbos*  iKK-'lulj  lif  HH-l  Mr.  Jt-ffi-TMin  smi  i)l1icr  (JlKtliiKuUliiil  iiil-ii.  On 
bin  return  to  l'rovldenc«,  be  roNBmt'd  tlie  pntctlcu  of  mi-dklnc;  but  In 
I7M,  Journpyecl  to  Oliio,  and  rcjiiilud  for  iivurly  ti  ycnr  al  Marietta.  Wbtle 
there  he  dullvurvd  a  fLiiipra)  l-uIo^  on  (icncrnt  James  M.  Viiriiiini,  (wliciin 
li«  atti-ndcd  In  hla  la.it  alckn<^<>,j  and  aUo  the  tirtit  anidvi'r.<4ary  oration  uu 
ibe  .•idltlrmi'iit  of  Marirlia  April  '.  17W).  He  was  aluo  pri.'A«hit.  partlct- 
patjtig  Willi  G(>n»iil  St,  rialr  ami  otlivi-K,  in  the  Ireiillu.t  nl  Fori  Ilarinar, 
111  IT8t}-y,  with  Cum  riniitvranLt  utUt-T  Indlau  chk-f;;.  Returning  l»  his 
jiailvK  town  b«  cuiuluut-0  his  prnt-llce  iiurU  :7tfj.  when,  in  coiiBViiiifnc* 
uf  impiilrvd  health.  Ua  ri-nioveil  wlili  IiIh  family  l»  MorKi>nto\vn.  WuhL  Vlr- 
jflnia,  stopping  rn  mutf  to  stc  Gcntrnl  Wa-^hln^loii  at  Mount  Vernon :  and 
in  IVJt,  the  dan;;er  fmin  l>ordfi'  lnciir)>loiiH  of  Intllau:*  bfln^j  over,  he  went 
to  llidoi),  Knyclt*?  county,  I'ciinayU'ania.  wIhtp  In.-  livi-d  nvvvn  y«ir».  In 
lAOl  bi;  rrtracc-d  hlu  Hlvps  to  tihode  Ihlunfl,  nod  a  lltltc  latiT  M'Itli<d  In 
Poster  He  cali^  bl9>  plucL'  Ml.  Il);i(.'la.  and  bcrc  hv  resided  tbt;  remain- 
der of  Ills  duya,  devoiina  himself  to  pn»fl>sslotial  (luiltB,  lo  Ijla  bouulcal 
Kunlen,  and  to  hl-t  acltnitUlc,  clas^i^lcal  ami  literaiy  Ntiidii'^s. 

"Dr.  Druwne  IlIlH.'d  »i*n<riil  public  oihi^es.  He  was.  In  IkU,  appointed 
I'rofuvsor  of  M4toriii  Medlca  and  Butaiiy  In  llrown  ITidverslty;  and  In 
I81U  woa  etectf^Ll  a  ddi-^dli.-  to  llic  conwnlion  wtiich  furiiiid  the  National 
l'liamiaco]iii!iii,  l>y  the  Khodci  Inland  Medical  Society,  of  nrhiili  Uv.  wan 
V\vv  I'rciiidenL.  He  took  an  uctlvp  part  lu  lire  orsariluitlon  and  procceil- 
Inga  of  the  Rhode  l.->Iiind  Soelvly  for  ibo  Encourujip.>iiii:iit  of  Domestic 
li)du»try,  Ix-forv  whieb  tic- delivi-Rtl  addrc«Hc»<  ouocieral  aeca^loaa.  lu 
1921,  lu  connection  with  hl.i  son  Wlltlmn  Drowne,  he  pnljllsbcd  ihc  I^r- 
tiwr't  fimtk, n  comiirflu'wehc  work  on  liiiabiindry  and  ganlcnlnf'  He  coii- 
trlbiiU'd  vaj-iiius  sLli^ntllli^  ami  Literary  article:*  In  the  Juurnids  of  the  day, 
and  partleipalnl  hi  (lie  jinia-tdliiXK  oftiH-  Anterlcnn  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sctencea,  aiu\  ullier  learned  hodles,  nf  Hbl^b  he  was  a  nx^ndier.  Hln 
•  /Jut*  to  ihf  .Vfvujiy  of  Ifr.  Jt/nrj/h  }l'<irrrn.'  writtv.-n  kliorily  after  Ihv  bsil- 
llv  uf  Hiinltcr'a  Hill,  »re  truly  patriotic  and  eviuee  (he  bruUicrly  rc^nrd  that 
etUted  between  them  proft;s.ilnnaUy  and  ax  ■  Sons  nf  l.llierly.'  During 
Ills  lift  he  delivered  many  liolnniral  iectnrcs,  pi]hHcoroH<»iisnndnridrease», 
highly  creditable  to  Idm  as  n  man  of  refined  Lasle  and  v.tri(^d  actiulsltloiia, 
among  which  may  he  iiii-tilli>ne(|  »eveni]  cuniiiienioriitlvL-  of  Ai:ii!rli:aa 
Iiuli-pendence. — hU  '  £nln^  on  irnKhhir/Kut,  Ft bruarn  22,  ISQO,'  nni  M» 
'Onttiun  f«  .W'.'/thv  CuHfr"/  Ihr  Orfkn.  J-rftruar!/ 23. 1824.'  The  latter 
wua  delivvretl  by  tlm  voucrable  orator  at  tbv  First  BiiptLit  Meetliig-Huuae, 


OUB   FRENCH  ALLIES. 


887 


In  Prorlctencffi.  when  lie  was  npwnni*  of  8«venLy  fean  of  age,  wlUi  ADCh 
renin rkal>lp  ffryor  and  piittioa,  '  lliKl  II  was  pronfiimMd  Ibc  in<»t  brllllaiil 
performance  of  ]i\»  WCv.'    lie  died  Fcbriuiry  6,  1834." 


SOt'IAL    LIFE   IN    PKOVIDKNCE,   1780-81. 


yrt  II K  presence  of  llie  Fpcncli  iillies  in  Providence 
^5^  inspired  llic  life  of  the  town,  and  the  lilicnility  with 
which  tliey  ciruiilnlod  their  silver  nnci  p»Id  i-endered  Ihein 
welcome  customers  at  n  period  when  a  Spanish  milled  dolhir 
bore  a  faljnlinis  value  in  paper  currency.  The  exact  disci- 
pline or  Ihe  soldiery,  and  the  rigid  ivstrictions  uuder  whicii 
they  were  permitted  to  pasis  out  of  camp  and  mingle  %vith 
the  citizens,  were  strong  safegiuirds  against  the  indnlgeuce 
of  enecsscs,  and  left  liltio  cuuso  for  coni|ilnint  on  thai  score. 
The  officers  were  on  terms  of  jdeasant  intimacy  with  the 
leading  faniilies.  and  their  pn?sciico  imparted  an  additional 
chimi  to  social  gaiety.  liidls,  parties,  an<I  other  cnlcrtain- 
uienta  were  frequent,  and  the  repetition  of  reciprocal  cour- 
tesies scn'ed  to  strengthen  iiiutiial  i-e»pcct  and  friendship. 
The  old  Fitdd  homestead,  at  Field's  Point,  Iiefore  mentioned, 
was  nmcL  frecpicnled  hy  the  French  officers,  where  they 
were  always  sure  of  u  hearty  hospitality,  and  where  they 
participated  in  social  assemblies  with  the  chtiracteristic  zest 
of  mercurial  temijcraments.  Tlie  iiupressions  made  upon  the 
community  were  of  the  most  agreeable  chnracter,  and  during 
thfl  subsequent  years  of  those  at  whose  homes  the  officers 
worn  received  as  guests,  the  memories  of  those  days  were 
cherished  as  nmong  iho  plcasantc!>t  of  their  recollections. 

The  [»atriolism  of  the  Field  family  was  of  Iho  purest  type. 
In  17yo,  Williani  Field  wiis  apjKiinted  Captjtin  of  a  comiMUiy 
in  the  second  iTgiment  of  Providence  county  mlHtin.  Ahner 
and  Nehemiiiih  Field  were  distinguished  for  persoiiid  beauty. 


328 


KHQUE  ISLAND  IN  TOE  REVOLUTIOX. 


When  the  news  reached  them  of  the  battle  of  Bunkisr's 
Hill,  ami  of  the  btinihig  of  Chiiilestowu,  like  Putnam,  they 
in.-*tuntly  loft  the  ticM,  nnd  witli  rifle  in  hnnd  joined  the  voU 
uutoera  crowding  on  to  the  scene  of  uclion.  Thry  were 
plnccd  in  the  lM)d_v  of  reserves.  During  the  wnr  Ahnor  wm 
taken  prisoner,  nnd  thrust  into  the  notorious  Jersey  priswii 
Bhi]>,  where  ho  socm  Ijecauie  covered  vith  vermin.  ll*»th 
Ahner  !ind  Xehemiali  hehl  aimmisrtions.  Oiptjun  William 
Field,  with  a  nohle  heart,  wa«  "phiin  of"  speech."  One  day. 
Major  I>e  I'ltz,  an  officer  of  the 
Royal  Deiix-Ponttf,  ctigiiged  in  f<»r- 
lifyin^  the  Toint,  called  upon  him, 
nnd  while  the  Cuptiiin  was  occupied 
outside  the  hou^c  in  his  morning 
ahlution,    Iho    following   colloquy 

ensued.  Said  Iho  Major,  in  a  respectful  tone,  ".^rc  you 
Ksijuirc  Fiuhl,  the  gentlemnn  who  owns  the  land  adjoining 
this  beiu'h  ?  "  "I  am."  was  the  laconic  iTply .  "  I  have  made 
btild,"  continued  the  Major,  "to  land  my  gun?  hclow,  and 
hope  no  offence  is  given."  "None  al  all,"  was  the  sen- 
tentious answer,  "  We  nre  aliout  to  become  nei^hors, 
nnd  I  hope  wo  shall  be  friends,"  continued  the  Msijor. 
"Amen,"  resipondeil  the  sturdy  "  Lord  of  the  manor,"  and 
applied  himself  vijforonsly  lo  the  cleansinf;  process.  The 
Major  having  thus  taken  the  g:mgy  of  his  host,  silently 
raised  liis  chapeaii,  and  prcicwilcd  lo  Providence.  The 
Field  family  nt  the  Point  was  numerous.  The  last  survivor 
of  the  Williiim  Field  family  was  Eleanor,  a  woiuhm  of 
nni'omiiion  natural  endowmeuU.  She  sold  the  I'oitit  esttite 
to  the  city  of  Providence,  and  removed  to  Elmwood,  and 
died  March  8,  IKfU,  aged  ninety-one  years.  The  family 
burtal-gr<Kind  was  near  the  homestead  house,  hut  after  the 
estate  bct^^une  the  property  of  the  city,  the  bodies  there 
buried  were  removed  to  the  North  burial  groimd. 

Conspicuous  among  the  young  ladies  of  Providence  and 
iU  vicinity  whose  retined  culture,  graceful  manuem  and  pei> 


OOR   FRENCH   ALLIES. 


329 


Honul  I'c.itity  rendered  tlicm  ulijt^-cts  of  conslnnt  n4lniiniliun, 
Mere  iho  Misses  Boweti,  Miss  Clicckley,  Sliw*  Wuity  Arnold, 
II  IjcHiitifnl  young  wonian,  who,  in  after  life  cmilil  lionst  of 
having  danced  ul  a  liiill  uith  Liifiiycttef*  the  Mii^ses  (^biireh. 
Miss  Polly  Ai'txdd,  <hui;;hler  of  Colonel  IJenjmniii  Arnold, 
of  Wiirwuk,  the  Misses  Elizn  nnd  Sally  Arnold,  d«ughter« 
of  Cili>t:iin  Khodes  Arnold,  of  1*iiw1ii.\l'1,|  Miss  Cynthia 
Aborn,  diiii<;hter  of  Colonel  Samuel  Aborn,  of  ihc  same 
town,  snhsecjnently  niiiiried  to  explain  Pierre  DoiiviIle,J 
and  Mi.-s  Silly  Arnold,  (Uiigliter  of  Dr.  .lointlhan  Arnold, 
of  Providence,  distinguished  fl3  Hospital  l>irector,§  as  a 
lueniher  of  Congress,  as  an  iiftive  friend  of  pn(nd)ir  educa- 
tion, nnd  us  prominent  in  Utvm  afTiiirs,  who  I»ncume  the  wife 
of  the  IldiiorMhle  .Tames  Bnriill.  Jr.,  a  lawyer  of  cniinenec. 
lie  was  Atldi'iicy  Ueneral  of  Khodo  Island  from  17117  to 
lttl4,  nnd  deliveiTd  the  oralion  on  the  death  of  Washing- 
ton, in  Provi<le»co,  iu  ISCO.  Sub(M;i|iienlly,  Mr.  Biirrill  whs 
returned  Ji  nieiniier  of  the  Genend  AswuiMy,  nnd  tH-eiinie 
Speaker  of  that  Itody.  The  town  of  liurrillville,  whieh 
was  incorponited  Xoveinber  17,  1H06,  was  mimed  in  honor 
of  him.  He  received  the  tippointment  of  Chief  Justiee  of 
the  Snpreme  Com-t,  and  in  iyi7  he  was  elected  n.  Senator  in 
Congress,  and  voted  against  the  extension  of  slavery.  Ho 
died  (indderdy  in  Wnshington  Deeemlwr  ^.'i,  1»20. 

The  fiiseinalions  of  Miss  Sally  Chuivh,  who  at  this  time 
was  in  Pi^>vide[iee,  apjieiir  to  have  In-en  stn>«gly  felt  liy  M. 
de  Silly,  an  ofKecr  of  the  Botirhonnois  regiment.  While 
temporarily  in  Xeu-jwrt,  early  in  17t*I,  he  sent  livr,  through 
his  friend,  Dr.  Solomon  Di*owne,  "this  liltle  iiiseription," 
(messuge,)  "If  you  had  given  me  your  heart,  I  would  not 
have  returned  it."  On  the  reverse  of  iho  mei>sngc  was 
inserilH!*!.  "To  Miss  Sally  Church,  by  her  most  humble  ser* 
vant  Lo  Chevalier  de  Silly,  Liouteuuut  au  de  Boiubonnois»** 


'"TTm  j«un«r  AinrHcnnUiIlMliavpiilirair*  MniMmdItu  onr  of  ItiHrirrrkieM  honor* 

to  faBTC  (luitcril  ulili  llint  nuMfiuiin."— rAaitrf/HZ. 

fAntf,  I/.  'M.  JAnir,  |i-  :iU.  f  Auir,  p.  B. 


ddO 


RIIOnB  ISLAND  ly  THE  KEVOHJTION. 


"I  i-cwret  infinilelv,"  lie  wrilCf*  to  Dr.  Drowne.  "to  have 
known  her  8o  liUle  time.  Her  lovoliaess  shall  ojiptivute  nil 
faearte." 

In  repi}'  to  M.  dc  Silly's  letter,  Dr.  [>rowne  says : 

"  I  rcei'lvcil  yoartfcncrnitu  tpliitlc  ttic  Illli  Insiiint,  .iikI  tli-livcrud  wllli 
pUiuurfi  the  (.-iiclosoil  In-icrlptloii  to  the  nniliililt  MU^  riinrcli.  Kite 
reccire<l  It  nil  It  uiic  of  tltmv  Mnik-ii  ntiicl)  woiilil  iiniki.  tin;  Mnrnl  llirlll 
In  a  hcfTDifB  lelDM.  Slii;  anil  IitT  dUlLr  desired  nie  l<>  prt-scut  tliclr  com- 
plliiwnlv  Ui  joii.  I  <liil  Tiut  tM-v  llif  oihiT  IntllvK,  itor  Mr.  llUcliriK'k.  I 
shoiilrl  sccin  waniluK  )ii  rrlcDilly  Jiisticu  to  your  in«rU.  nni  to  iiiciitlon  how 
lilglily  yuu   arv  t^siet'iiivd  livru  tiy  all  wlio   hai]   the  linppl»e»!)  of  your 

acqiiainlnncc:  pnilli^uliKl}'  lit  Um.  Chrc;l>l>eyV;  particiihiily  \l\ia  II , 

who  tint  kimuitiK  yon  ik-pitrted  ho  suoii,  xviit  Iter  tuni[tllini'iit.t,  nnd  nii 
llivllntloii  todrltik  tea  with  bvr." 

Siihseqiicntly,  tlie  iinpiTs-sihle  Liciitennnt  .ichiiirrd  scnrccly 
less  tbc  lieaiitifnl  Miss  Ualbsbeba  Buwicr,  diiiigliter  of  the 
Hoiioniblc  MelciilC  Uowlcr,  nf  New|Hn1,.  Her  t'hariiis  were 
recognized  by  sovt-rnl  of  the  French  officers  qn:irtcrcd  in  timi 
toH'D.  One  <(f  llicm,  M.  Lnnfrcy  Delisle,  iimrried  her,  and 
before  (he  wur  wu3  over,  look  her  to  his  lioiue  in  France. 
Dr.  Suloraoii  Di'on'nc  saw  her  there,  whoo  he  vieited  Paris  in 
1785,  118  litlriictivB  n.s  when  conquering'  heaHs  in  Newport. 
A  minintnre  of  her,  still  extant,  represents  Iirr  as  a  gmee- 
fiil,  swHii-like  hcaiity,  of  the  captivating  ortk-r. 

Of  Dr.  Kphraim  Howen'a  fidmired  (Uii^fhlcrs,  Eliza, — or 
Betsey,  as  she  was  familiarly  called, — was  in  some  respects 
tho  most  attractive.  8hc  was  very  elegant  in  her  person  ; 
her  fat'o  was  beantifiil ;  Iht  cyc.^  wci-c  pecnliHrly  brilliant, 
yet  soft  and  sweet ;  Ler  voice  was  melody  itself.  Sho  sang 
with  great  ta^il*  and  feelinw.  Her  intellect  wjis  fine  and 
highly  cnllivutcd,  nnd  altogether  her  heart,  miitd,  person 
and  iimiiiicrs  "formed  one  harmonious  whole."  She  was 
nmrrted  to  Mr.  John  Wnrd;  and  when,  iniiny  ycaw  alter, 
«he  visitcil  Paris,  Iter  old  friendi«  of  the  French  allies  sought 
her  out  and  bestowed  upon  her  the  kindest  attentions.  Her 
sisters  were  very  superior  women,  and  traditions  of  their 
graces  are  still  fresh. 


332 


RIIOHK  ISLAND  IN  THK  REVOLUTION. 


The  Misses  Kliza  and  Siilly  AnioUl  were  distingiiishpcl  in 
their  day  as  "belles."  The  former  uns  married,  aa  nlrcndy 
mentioned,  to  Dr.  Isaac  Senter.  of  Newport.  Tlie  lalter 
was  married  lo  Ciiptain  Pierre  I)iihosf|iie,  a  Fivnrli  offiecr 
who  remained  in  IVovidenec,  wlicro  he  died. 

In  spciiking  of  the  deportment  of  jmrties  a^cmldod  for 
niirtliriil  enjoymeiil.  Count  S6giirsaya: 

"  [  ilo  nut  nH'otlfct  Ut  Iiurc  »pi?n  any  wlierc  cNe  nii  aswrnblniic,  1b  whtth 
a  grciiter  (lc:;ree  of  mirtli  prGv-aUt<d  without  conriioioii,  lii  wlilcli  there  wns 
«  greater  niiitilKT  of  |>rL-li)>  noiiivn  Nni)  iiinrrlril  people  llvlii);  hnpplly 
logetluT.  a  grcntcr  prnportloii  of  bcaiily  fcce  from  ciKiiit-try,  a  more  com- 
plete mixture  oT  persons  of  till  chuwuw,  whi)*c  comliict  ninl  ni!«iiinT-H  pre- 
RCntixl  fln  ri]ni(l  <]i'>Krrc  nf  th-cnrnni,  which  oblllcrnled  ull  appearance  of 
uiipleusnnt  conlrasit  or  dl^llnclloiis.'*  • 

The  domestic  habits  of  fumilioa  in  Providence  nnd  in  other 
.  parts  of  llie  Slate  did  not  escape  the  qnick  eye  and  the  reten- 
tive meniorj'  of  the  intelligent  «IIie«.  M.  Itlaiichard,  whoeo 
opportunities  ftir  oliscrvalion  ■tvei'c  extensive,  and  wlio,  when 
in  ProiidoiiL-e,  frequently  dined  at  the  talde  uf  a  Mr.  Bow- 
kcr,  fl  Qierebant  of  that  town,  has  left  on  rccoiil  the  follow- 
ing: 

"  Tlioy  (In  not  BEt  soaps  nnil  do  nol  wrrc  tip  m|r'>ii'8  nt  Ihrs*  rtlnnt'rc : 
liRt  boUcil  iind  nMstnnd  inUL-h  vcs<;tiit)l».    Tliey  drink  nothing  bal  cidtr 


ofTnrkty.  At  tlir  oprntnirof  thrt'rvrieh  ttvflliilltttiJit'jolnrtlllU'ninMllufl'^iiJil  tMrlfallh 
Ijirajpllv,  ami  hi'Puni*  ii  nmiilArr  orilif  Icjiklkflr^  «*4i-iiil>ly.  I'liili-r  ilii-  r»iii  iilBr4*,  Ih>  it  a* 
Invrtrctl  wtrh  fr^t-rftl  Imiiorinnt  nilwioiK.  In  IMM.  ht  wAi  nilnlitrr  ot  innr  uadrr  JoMrpli 
Hoiiniutrlr.  In  If  Afili-t,  lit-  MTVi'il  lu  9|ialti  nnil  Orrmniij'.  (In  llgp  tptiirii  of  Xapolmn  f^m 
Kltn,  IiH  uriw  liit1l>|.KM<il  ii)Jul«  lijnii  btit  tlirmiHli  (lis  rnrni-iil  cntrrolk'nir  JuM-ph  Bona- 
parl«.  Iu>  w»  IniJuci'd  tu  •upcrlntcnd  trip  AtganUuIlitBi  uf  lt»-  Nntl-iiiiil  (iiiarda.    On  ltiU~ 

X-cviint,  Lou[»  XVI II.  ■fli'T  ruiiniinjTllip  crciirii,  plurtil  liliu  on  iIip  r<'llr"l  Itil.  Up  KM 
Willi  Nii>vlpvn  In  tlic  Itunlim  rnmpulirTi.  nnd  In  ll<^  vrttv  »  mrmbrr  ei  Ilie  I'hKnibvr  of 
IJI-imllo.  In  till-  n-TOluriunnt  IKKI.  hr  umiiirltw'  tn  tlirvlriatlciior  I  mila  rhll)|i|K-  In  llir 
Ihroiif .  Mo  irai  a  ropluu*  mflliarj'  irrltpr,  und  pii1ill>lii-il,  in  iwo  mtinnrn,  "  Kcmnlr*  of 
hi*  own  llTni.'*;  The  Ur'Dlvllun,  TIi<>  (Jiiplrr.  Ilir  Kttlontllon  "  In  10*  UIrr  jrar*  he 
(■■(H'tlriicnl  llir  alinod  Inlal  Uiu  nt  ^Iiflil.  Wlii-n  In  rrmiitpiiM,  C'liiiiil  Ouniai  «■«  B)Hiat 
l««i>1r-K^f>ii  y4«r*  of  agr.  Tlir  Inlw  W,  I^-tl  Wlu-aiun,  of  I'rovldi'iipi',  iilio  kmir  him 
well,  dcKrIbtd  lilm  ttf  n  Ml' ^ou'iJC  Kn'nchrniin,  roiirl  uf  thp  *Mirly  of  ladlrp.anil  crntlD- 
nianl}'  Iti  niaiim-n.  Hi  illrd  In  l'nrli<,  Oolubcr  If.,  liCSl.  a^nl  pIkIiIi  -Stv  ^inr*.  unc  mniiMi 
■nd  arvrn  ila>«.  Tiiv  ]K>rlTii!l  itt  him  lirre  ^Ivcn  ania  iv>;itc<l  Irotii  ii  FitiicIi  piij(nivlii||, 
rrprrfcndriK  hliii  In  *<1vflitccd  jvHr«,  uiiil  nrarliix  Ili4-  di-romilbiiii  of  offiw. 


OUR    FRENCH   ALLIES. 


ass 


Kiiil  Mjulefra  wine  with  water.  The  denMcrt  Is  rompnstcl  of  prcwirvcd 
i|Ulnc<^fi  nr  itlfklr^  itorrrl.  The  An1(^^)rnns  Mt  tlie  Isltfr  wtlh  ib(>  meal. 
Thi-y  (Ir>  not  lake  coffee  Initnt^iiluIHr  attrr  dinner,  but  it  is  scried  thrPC  or 
four  lioiirs  ancrwanl  whli  ivn;  llii"  colfrr  i"  wmk.  «tul  four  or  Htc  clips* 
are  iitit  <>i|itn|  to  miv  of  ours ;  t>o  lltnt  llicy  ukc  innny  of  tlii^in.  TIii?  ten, 
on  Iho  contrary.  \s  very  sironc.  Tlitf  ose  of  iPi  and  collte  li  iinlvcr»nl 
In  Amertca.  Tlic  peiiple  wlio  live  lii  tbe  coimtry,  UlUne  tlie  around  and 
tlrlviiiu;  Lbcir  oxt-n,  lakt?  It  aa  well  an  tlic  InhaltlUiita  of  iht*  viik*)'.  Brcnk- 
(Ust  1.1  All  liTipnrtiint  tittnir  wiifi  tlicm.  Bcaldca  ten  and  rntToe,  tiicy  put  on 
lahlo  rnn'itLnt  rnciitH,  wllli  butter,  pivs  and  ham;  ncvcrtlidcft*  iliry  slip,  and 
til  llic  ariLTnooii  ihoy  nsnUt  lake  t^n.  Tiiua  Uic  Amerlcaiw  arc  almost 
alivnys  :it  lb<!  tubto;  and  as  tlii'V  liuvr  little  to  occupy  Lheiit.  a.i  tliry  go 
out  lililv  ill  winter  and  spi-nd  wlmk-  dnys  along  sido  of  lliulr  (iri'S  ami  th*lr 
wives,  tvliliout  re-adliig  mid  wliliout  il<iln](  anything,  itoiug  an  often  to 
talik  Id  ft  relief  nud  a  preventive  of  4mntt(.  Yet  tltcy  arc  not  grent 
en  tern. 

"  They  Are  very  chnlDo  In  cnpa  and  vaai-a  for  liolding  tea  and  cnd^e,  In 
Klaaai'M,  dtt^^antcn  nud  nlbi>r  mattera  of  ttd<i  kind,  and  In  luihltunl  noc. 
Tdi-y  mnke  usa  of  tvultpiii  cri<  ivldcti  nerve  for  lapeolry;  they  bnve  them 
very  Imuditoiiic.  In  many  of  llic  huuacs  tbcru  arc  cnrpcW  also,  even  upon 
ihi-tr  stalra.  In  Ki-iierai,  Ibe  lioiiscs  arc  very  plen.tnnt  iind  kept  ivUIt 
cxtrninc  ni'nlnc«4,  willi  ilic  mcctafluic  and  tbe  countryinnn  oa  welt  an  with 
llie  niercUonl  imiiI  tlic  ;;riiL'rnI.  Tlieir  cducattun  \»  very  nearly  tbe  same; 
ao  tliat  u  uii-vhnnic.  In  oricii  rjiUcii  to  tliirir  in>i«-intj|jc<ii,  nbere  tliere  In  no 
diatluetloii,  wt  sop;iratc  order.  I  bave  already  mrntiniiwl  tlmt  the  Inhab- 
llnnta  of  the  eiiltre  couutry  anr  proprlctora  Tliey  iH!  the  e&rlb  and  drive 
their  oxen  Ihoinsrlvo;.  Thia  way  of  living  and  this  awwt  u>)ual1ly  have 
cbarms  ft^r  thUikUig  lu-lnga.  Tliesc  niunners  anil  me  very  well.  Burning 
It  great  itnanclly  of  wood  la  one  of  tliclr  Itixtirlea,  It  ts  common.  Onc-ltalf 
of  the  ilistrletA  which  I  have  traversed  are  wooded,  almost  alcn^fcther 
with  oak4,  iiinoufi;  whicli  there  nrr  i>ome  very  handsome  ociea.  Yet  wood 
Is  vi-ry  dpiir,  owing  to  the  dlfflciilty  nf  transportln);  it.  ll  eotita  un  for  a 
lengne  abonl.  tlftceii  llvrea  a  cord. 

"  I  have  Hpokeii  of  the  cups,  the  glattaea,  ihc  papvr  haaglni^,  tbe  car* 
pets,  and  other  articles  in  which  Iho  Ainerlcnna  are  very  choice,  and  which 
Uicy  procuriid  from  Kngland  before  the  war." 

Speiiking'  of  the  reverence  shown  in  Boslon  for  the  Sal>- 
l)ttth,  be  11(1(13 : 

"Thla  la  ihe  samp  almost  everywhere  In  America.  At  Prorldf  nee  some 
amhibic  women,  ofn  llvtly  disposition,  at  whose  hotwoa  I  called,  were 
even  anwUHng  to  aing  on  Saturday  evening." 


In  cxpliination  of  this,  it  may  ho  proper  to  say,  Ihut  in 


:iu 


ItnODB  ISLAND  DJ  THE  REVOLUTION. 


most  fiimilics  the  Snbbntb  was  reeognizud  ats  beginning  at 
8itnact  on  Suturdiiy. 

To  wbiil  the  jiulliar  above  cited  ba«  said,  it  may  not  bo 
out  nf  pbicc  to  11(1(1,  iiij  II  te^itimoiiy  liondnibln  to  the  young 
women  of  the  period,  thiit  "housekeeping"  in  a\\  its  depnrt- 
mcntif,  was  well  understood  by  tht*m.  Besides  a  f;imiliiir 
knowledge  of  every  variety  of  oi-numental  needle-work  — 
many  specimens  of  wljldi  have  l>een  prcMM-ved  —  thcr«  were 
tow  wlio  could  not  spin,  knit,  weave  and  con^tmct  gaitucnts  ; 
while  they  were  eqimlly  versed  in  nil  eiilinary  niyflteries. 
By  the  more  wealthy  tiiuiilics  dinnei*s  were  served  on  Liver- 
pool wni-c,  of  novel  piitterns  iiiul  of  mixed  colors — blue  and 
brown,  with  cream-colored  edges.  The  covera  of  vegetable 
diHhcA  woro  nundded  into  tin--  forms  of  pics,  tarts  and  other 
devices,  while  tureens  were  m«<lo  to  rcscmlile  a  roasted 
turkey.  This  class  of  ware  wiuj  in  u$o  n^  late  ns  the  close 
of  the  luai  century.  In  mailers  of  dress,  ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen of  1(H0,  like  the  simie  cKisscsin  IxSO,  were  obedient 
to  the  inexorable  law  of  fashion,  and  then  :is  now,  somc- 
tiincs  indulged  in  ungrnecful  extremes.  The  ^lanpiis  do 
Chastellux  writes : 

*•  Before  I  arriveil  lter<^.  1  hail  no  fk [>ocUl lonn  nf  ilhcoverini;  the  tnicrs 
of  the  Kri-tieb  inoilrs  stul  Rinhlons,  In  llw  mld-t  of  thv  wiliU  nf  AmerlCR. 
The  h4?nil-(lr>-«!tc5  of  nil  llit^  women  vxc<>pt  QiiBk«ri*i  nic  bljili.  spreadllijc. 
■ud  <lei;k^*il  profusely  wUh  uur  ganzes." 

Speaking  of  church  atfondance,  Ihc  Mar«|»is  rather  nngnl- 
hintly  tays : 

"  i'U-tjr  iH  not  Uie  only  motive  Itint  brintfn  Ampiican  Iniliiw  <ii  rroirilH  to 
the  various  places  of  worship.  DeprUeil  of  uU  shows  and  pobltc  dtvcr- 
hIoiui  wlintvvcr.  Oic  church  U  Lhu  4;rutiil  Iht-'atrv  nliiTC  ttiey  altenil.  to  dl»- 
play  their  cxtrnvtigmicc  and  tincry.  Thflre  they  como  (IrcuMcd  off  In  Ui« 
noiiMt  ftilk^,  and  or<-rTiliAdowc<]  wUh  &  pi-oflKston  of  the  most  superb 
pluiiira.  The  hair  of  the  head  b  raisetl  aud  !titp|>oi-tcd  upon  ciivliiona  to 
ui  cxtrnvaAmiL  Itelffht,  komewliKl  t'lwmiihlliig  the  inanuur  lu  which  French 
ladlva  woro  ttieir  hair  some  years  agu  " 

The  Marquis  does  not  make  a  local  nppliratlon  of  this 
criticism  to  Providence  nor  to  Newjiort.     Had  he  avowedly 


OUR  FKEKCJI  ALLIES. 


fl85 


done  so,  it  nii'^ltt  hiive  been  said,  und  in  tnith,  (liut  to  whiit- 
ever  oxcess  ru^lilun  carried  some  of  iU  votaries  a  hundred 
years  ngo,  simplicity  in  dress,  in  everj-day  life,  dominated 
tiniung  tlm"tjcller  clnsscs,"  nnd  that  in  soeini  intercourse, 
enilimcing  Uie  pteasiirca  of  the  ten-tuble,  the  cxlcmid  coa- 
tiimc  fur  the  occusion  fre^tienlly  conbiatod  of  a  "short  gown," 
u  plain  Hiklrt,  an  nnipio  frnma  or  n  cnnibric  hnndkerrhief 
worn  tnnnd  the  neck  and  crossed  on  the  buMt,anda  spotless 
»bite  iipron. 


riOSK   OF   THE   YEAR    1780. 

SKETCH  OP  DR.  PETER  TLTRNER.— M.  Bt^ANCHARD  ACTIVR.-A 
MASONIC  PROCESSIOX.-A  srOGESTION  OF  WASHINGTON^ 
DKATII  Of   AriMIRAL   Dk  TKllNAV. 

y\  N  eventful  ye»tr  was  fiist  drawing  l«  a  close,  and  mneli 
^^^  vigilancti  for  the  eomfoii  of  the  troops  was  manifested 
by  the  Suite  iiiithurities.  At  Iho  November  session  .of  the 
(ienend  Aswcnibly,  £000  were  ordered  to  be  paid  to  Peter 
Turner,  M.  D.,  "to  provide  ncccssHries  for  Colonel  Christo- 
pher (Ircenc's  regininnt,"  then  staiiimed  at  Newport.* 

•Dr.  P*I«»  Turnw.  Il»  Tuarlh  •nil  foanKCit  ton  of  Dr.  Winitm  Turpfr,  WM  bum  ■!« 
Ncnrk.  V.  J.,  Srincnibrt  -J.  ir.'.l.    Mr  ftlu<llrd  liU  pn>ri-«tton  itilh  Dr.  CAmpHHi],  of  Mop- 

■ittiivB.  S.  •>.,  nn-l  ■»•  Mopiiwd  In  jinicrl™  mnllcln*  bj  Itio  SuprMHc  <'ourt  of  \*-i»  JiTtrj, 
Up  wiu  nn  riirr|[<-lli.-,  an  ln<1u*lrluiit.  miil  ■  ayitciiiBlIt!  laun.  T>idiik*i  ■  •irki  dlH'IpMna. 
rl*D.  he  yrMt,  ol  the  tame  iln>r.  ■  mn'l  j;i>nllr,  nmlahlr  Mid  inilalKrrit  fathrr,  nnd  ad  m*'*^' 
ablr  Biut  InUn^ltoH  rampuntnd.     n*rntii  ll,p  bmtkln|i  du(  of  IIht  Kfiii'lullixi.  Iir  ranio  to 

WNnvn,  K.  I.,  whtrv  lie  Iwckciti  uquslriiMl  with  lili  ntrurewlf^.  CMia.dnu«>i(vror  Crom- 
Wcll  t'bilit.  snit  •iairr  of  Mr».  Urtirral  V>rniuii.  Biid  ttf  Hrk.  llourfK^,  Wif'ti  of  Hon.  Hrnja- 
mill  Bi>iiriii>,  of  UrUlol- 
l>»ct<ir  TunitT  iinurt'nl  (n«4ll<dnr  In  Wanrn  tntu  Janukrr.  1771.  Biilll  he  brnvnif  l>ur- 

fcon  nr  Culoiit'l  (itPi-iK-'a  baftiillaii,  mntliiBDlK]  Rflny,  tn  Uaf,  1777.  Af>rr  lii«  n-lirrnicnC 
from  the  iTinT.  Mr  rptuaicil  Iht  pnultcc  of  tnnllHnr  lo  £«it<Jmiiwk1i,  where  Iw  illtrl  Y'vb- 
KHry  II.  Wii,  mftA  mii  nl^  >r>r>.  Ht-  van  al  th«  hatrlr  of  Kril  naiilc,  (htubrr  1!.*,  17*7, 
wlicrr  (*a)inM>I  ChrUtoplirr  (im-no,  witli  a  parrlHid  of  four  liiindn-cl  Ilhudp   tilnnil  tiuujis, 

kllird  niid  look  prUoncr*  a  namtx-r  it  llc*,laD>  laruM-  ilian  lilt  own.  Iwctor  Turutr  Iia4 
charge  »f  4'iiliiiirl  I'^iinl  |lutiti[i.  uliii  wa*  rnurlall*  itiiiinilpil.  anil  wIii^m;  •])ll.r<,  givi-n  to 
lilm  (>}' th«  a'oiinr,  arr  In  poiurMiiiin  i)f  hU  iiranilxun  al  Nvxiurt.  n«na*iiilllL  ihr  nnnj 
la  tli<  purtull  of  Hr  Henry  Cllnion.  on  M*  Ktrcai  Ihronch  K«w  JcrMf.  and  wa>  |irca- 
Vfrf  at  Itir  ■crtloii  of  MulitnouCh,  In  ITTrt.  hailng  puM^I  lliewlnlrr  al  I77T1  Ht  Volley 
TOTgr,  anO  Miw  I"  t»mp  at  Ihi-  *k-|t*  ul  Xewpurl,  under  Ovrwra)  FiuDlirBn,  AvrvM,  un.  R« 
ww4iilteii^ltst  fnr  il^imtpliieaiul  dramalle  manner  in  which,  al  a  laterday,  lie  aamtvd 
tlui  lacMunti  cunnpclnl  nii)i  llw  balllr  of  llnl  fUuk.  wtilrli  wa>.  williuul  riunlliin,  onn  of 
Uk  moil  brlllianl  esplvllt  uf  Ibc  war. 


8M 


mOlUr  ISLAND  IN  TUB  REVOLCTIOK. 


Dcormlicr  oponoil  cold  aii<l  fort  mid  ing.  Continuous  altcr- 
imtloit*  of  pivrv'iiix  wiridn,  snow  und  ruin  contributed  greatly 
Ui  Ibo  dl-KHiinfort  of  camp  life  on  Kbude  I:»)tind,  sod  crented 
■n  urgent  dcnwitd  for  fuel-  To  tiuHit  tlu»  denuuid  »&  4jiiK-kIy 
M  IKvMihIc,  I'oniuipitiitry  Blaiifbanl.  wbo  was  Conetootly  on 
the  alert.  kt«|it  one  hundred  and  twenty  axomen  Tigoruual^ 
at  «ork  'ill  Xh.v  niKids  of  l't(«rtii\et.  Ou  tbc  3d  of  the 
luouth,  a  cutd  and  etiuiwy  dny\  he  luid  M.  iW  bt  Chv?«,  an 
ofloer  of  uitillerv,  wh<t  lud  ivivntly  arriv<Nl  In  Provid«roc«. 
luouhlcti  (hi'ir  boFMw  and  rod«  to  ttiat  villag<>»"to  dine  at 
the  h<iut*L«  of  It  iiiiltt-*r*«  wifi,-.  wbot««  dre-'<i8,  styk'  uf  living  and 
tiiruitun*  diffcr^-d  in  no  re^t**^-t  from  the  best  tbey  had  aecD 
iu  ibo  hoiitwd  of  the  ricbiMt  AmericaDs,'*  and  aftorwania  ta 
in(4M>4.'i  the  Murkiu^n  to  the  fi'r*»t.  The  oest  day,  M. 
Blauchafd  uict  <.ittui*nd  Kix-huuibeau  in  PruviJeDCQ.awi  gaw 
hiaa.  an  accounC  of  bi:>  work  at  Pawtu.iet,  whit-fa  plaee  the 
(.tviivrul  hiul  not  tiiuv  to  visit,  ami  also  aofiiuinted  him  with 
aotuo  |>urvh.-iM}«  tfatit  hud  beun  msulv  for  tht)  artilli-Ty  and 
Cliti  iiAvy,  :ind  which  itp|nuvntly  met  with  Hpprol>:itiiHi.* 

Ou  tltv  tub.  tht)  CuiumistKiry  took  pas^utrv  fur  >«wjiiirt  in 
a  veMM^l  luduii  with  wood.  The  dity  wutt  iniL<nii«;ly  i^^ild.  A 
jpdu  of  vviiiU  prevHiled,  hy  nhich  thu  veiM»ol  wtw  »truck  ami 
iitiorly  u|wul.  However,  it  reached  iU  dsetJaatHin  wilhoni 
dauia^e.  A  visit  to  ProviduQce,  n  fortnij^ht  hoin*.  wn»  sig^- 
naJiud  t>y  wituuMJttifj;  a  Ktrevt  nntMinic  piiK.-vssion.  **  It  wn^," 
ho  Miys,  "Stint  J<4m'd  dny.  a  <^nml  fc;dttval  fur  Um  Free 
3faaon«.t  Thare  was  u  oiutitiu};  of  them  at  Providence;  it 
wa8  uitnounoMd  in  the  initilii!  {mpens,  fiir  auciBttc;*  of  thi*  M>rt 
aro  suthoriKcd.  I  met  in  the  streets  of  Providence  a  ctim- 
pany  of  thoMi  Free  Miuou^.  ^lin^;  tw<i  by  two,  hutdiD»  oncb 
otbtir's  hundK,  all  drestMd  with  their  upruu6,  nnd  pnicaded  by 
two  twin  with  long  titavBc^.     Ue  who  brought  up  the  rear, 

l»iB»t»  Wi  H>hMi.    U*  *«*  >Wi*  nrtMtM^c  t«  ."tawpun,  amk  cm  ■!  Uw  "teUt  '"  l*r«<i- 

fjta.  J«kH'«  ilflf  ixMPt  UMIMUI7  oa  ika  Mth  al  Jmv,  wd  H.  MMwh***!  hwt  nt^vtlr 
bMA  mUjiIihmmI  m  Iv  Um  smm  ut  tiM  tUwimii.  Tfea  in  ■■■■till  aUaviVd  bf  DIM  «■« 
hM*  bmi  guiNC  M  «■  nrfanilNg  h«M  a  nHMnO.  or  Iimm  •«•>■  uUim  iMbUa  fHwiku 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


337 


niul  who  WHS  prolmMy  thr  master,  had  Uy«  hrctbron  along- 
side  of  him,  and  all  three  wore  ribbons  around  their  nocka 
like  ecclesiastics  mJio  have  the  blue  ribbon." 

On  another  visit  to  Pi-ovidi^nce,  tit  u  subacqiiont  date,  ho 
says:  "M.  de  .Tnmccourt,  nn  offiiccr  of  artillery,  and  M. 
Pisnn^oD,  my  Secreliiry,  liolh  very  zenloiitf  Free  Masons, 
conferred  on  rn«  tin-  grade  of  apprenliry,  aiul  in  the  evening 
I  was  at  an  Araericiin  lodge,  where  I  was  present  ut  two 
Tcceplions." 

AN    ESTrUPBlSE   SL'OOBSTED. 

Washington,  wearied  with  waiting  for  Ihc  arrival  of  the 
gqnndron  that  had  been  bloeltadcd  so  long  in  the  harbor  of 
Brest,  wa8  anxious  to  engiige  in  some  entciiirt*e  that  prom- 
ism!  aiKxeds,  and  that  woidil  not  ie*|iiiir  a  Htrungur  naval 
force  than  conld  then  be  made  available.  On  the  l;ith  of 
Deceralter,  he  addressed  a  letter  jointly  lo  General  Eocham- 
benu  and  to  Admiral  Dc  Teniiiy  on  the  Mdijcct.*  In  this 
letter,  he  spoke  of  rc-euforcements  nbont  to  he  sent  to 
Comwallis,  to  snpiiort  ojn^rations  nt  the  sonthwaixl,  raying 
how  important  it  wa*,  "that  the  eommon  enemy  shonhl  bo 
obliged  to  relinllni^Il  their  conquetits  in  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia."  Hp  infoiiuf?  them  "that  the  Court  of  Spain  have 
in  contein[)]ati<>n  two  ex]>editions  against  the  Itrtlisb  settle- 
menltf  in  the  Floridat<,  namely,  Pensacola  and  St.  Augustine," 
and  siibmitH  to  the  General  and  to  the  Admiral  fur  their  cun- 
sidernlion,  "the  propriety  of  attempting  lo  combine  our 
foree  with  that  r»f  Spnin  for  the  ]mrpo.se  of  totally  subduing 
the  common  enemy,  not  only  in  the  Floridas,  but  in  the 
States  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia." 

Shoubl  the  commanders  of  the  Spanish  land  and  naval 
forces  neeede  to  giieh  a  proposition,  the  8(|Uadron  of  His 
Most  Christian  .Majesty  nt  Newport  could  take  under  lis 
convoy  the   French  and  American  troops  de^^tined  for  the 


•Tlwdatvnf  <y»  kli^r,  il  will  be  noiicrd,  U  eoiucMctit  wHIi  Iho  daj- of  ihc  AdiuImTi 
<tMtfi>  Hu  etciil  of  wlifcli  Wiuhlugtoo  Has  Ignn-nnt. 

43 


338 


BHODE   ISLAND   tX   THB   IIEVOLUTIOH. 


expedition  iig^iinst  Cliarle^toD,  and  these  corps  under  the 
votiiaiiincl  of  General  Greeiio.  in  conjunction  with  the  furco 
furnished  liy  rhe  SpHiiiurds,  would  form  an  army  not  to  Ik; 
resisted  by  «uy  which  the  Jlritibh  could  draw  tnji;ether  in 
thiit  quiirtor.  In  nmkliijj;  theso  pi-opofeitions,  Washington 
says,  "I  am  solely  Influenced  by  motives  of  general  good, 
and  would  nt»i  wi»h  tlu-m  ciirrifd  into  oxvcuLioii  nidvss  they 
shall  be  deemed  as  eondiioivu  to  the  intei-ests  of  the  |)owcr9, 
who  have  generously  stepped  in  for  oiir  relief,  «s  to  those  of 
the  United  Stjites."  For  what  seemed  to  him  good  and  suf- 
ticiont  reasons,  Genernl  Ituchnmbenu  did  not  njiprovc  of  the 
plan,  and  no  further  utteuipl  wha  made  to  cjiiTy  it  into  exu- 
eutiuu. 

imATH   OF  AI>31IRAL   DE  TERXAT. 

On  the  15th  day  of  December,  a  sorrow  rested  upon  Now- 
port.  Admiial  De  Tornny  died,  after  a  short  confinement, 
of  a  malignant  fever.  In  Oi-tolier,  following  his  retura 
from  the  L-unCereneo  with  Wiishlnglon,  at  Hartford,  be  became 
unwell,  but  no  seriouii  apprehensions  of  a  fatal  (enuinatioii 
wei-e  exi'ili'd.  A  tew  days  before  his  decease,  he  was  visited 
on  board  his  tlag-ship,  the  Due  do  iiourgognc,  by  the  chief- 
pbysieian,  M.  C(wte,  and  found  to  lie  niarmingly  sick.  He 
was  imuiediutely  removed  on  shore  to  his  heiidt)uartens,  the 
nianslon  of  Colonel  .To8ei>b  Wanton,  on  Washington  street, 
and  there,  in  the  south-east  cinuuber,  he  expiri^I.  At  this 
time,  General  Koehiinibeau  was  on  n  viait  in  Boston.  The 
Baron  Vioniesnil  at  once  sent  a  courier  to  inform  him  of  the 
death  uf  his  rnual  friend,  and  lie,  without  delay,  returned  to 
New|>ort.  The  A<lmiral  was  buried  in  Trinity  chureh-yard 
on  the  UUh  of  J)et'einhcr,  with  military  honors  suitable  to 
his  rank.  The  long  procession,  preceded  by  priei^ts  chants 
ing  the  burial  service,  presented  the  mo^t  imposing  funeral 
scene  ever  witnessed  in  the  town.  The  remains  were  bonic 
to  the  grave  by  siiilnrs,  and  conunitted  to  their  res(ing-plac6 
amidst  the  6ring  of  minute  guns  and  the  solemn  strains  of 


I 


340 


RHOI>E  tSLAND  IK  THE  REVOLUTION. 


I^fayette.  in  a  loiter  to  his  wife^  referring  lo  the  Adiui- 
ral's  denth,  aayi : 

"TIw  Frtrncli  Krinmlrdn  liiui  rraialiiMl  btockftde^l  In  Rhoitr  I^I4)ll(l,  md  I 
ImiiBliie  tlie  Cticvaller  Twrnay  died  of  erlvT  in  conswjHt-rv*  €tt  Uils  evcol. 
However  thlit  may  be.  he  Is  positively  dod.  He  was  a  very  ronjih  and 
ob^tiiititr  nun.  tiui  Arm  and  i-U-ar  In  nil  hli>  views,  and,  taklug  nil  llilng« 
Into  connldcraUon,  wc  tiave  tiuatalued  a  great  toss." 

RochuDibeiiu  ivrites : 

"  HI«  Ercatest  enemies  cnD  ncrer  deny  that  lie  had  greal  in-oliliy,  and 
Unit  he  Ho»  »  vcrysklllftil  nnvigntor.  Tlie  Fi-encli  corpH  reuOervd  liirn  ihe 
Justice  lo  j^Ay,  Hint  II  WAa  lm|>o!i«lblc  to  con^lutt  a  convoy  tritli  greaitiT 
vlgilunce  ami  nkill  tlinti  he  illijihiyi'd  in  brhigltig  It  ta  tu  dcalluntiotl.*'* 

Count  S*5g:nr  boars  testimon\'  to  him  as  "n  mnn  of  infor- 
mation, brave,  iinimnted  and  ploasing  ;"  one  who  diseb.trged 
his  duties  "  with  as  imieh  intcl  ligcnee  as  honor."!  Tt'*'  New- 
port Mercury,  of  Det-eiiilier  22.  1780.  says,  "His  tnlents, 
zeal,  iind  dit>tin>;(ii?lied  surviL-e:<,  tind  merited  the  uoiitidence 
find  fuvor  of  his  government  and  ennntrj'." 

Three  yeoi"8  after  the  death  of  the  Admiral,  a  handsome 
mum!  talik-t,  hearing  a  long  Latin  iiiscription,  suiting  forth 
the  rnnk  and  serviecs  of  the  deceased,  was  prepared  by 
order  of  (he  King  of  France,  and  rant  t»  Newport.  It 
niTJvcd  in  I7H.*,  to  be  jdaccd  npon  the  wall  in  the  interior  of 
Trinity  Church,  but  no  M)>ace  for  the  purpose  being  found 
sufficiently  large,  it  was  erected,  early  in  July,  over  the 
Admind's  grave,  where  it  stood  until  its  wcoden  fuiuidution 
decayed,  when,  being  in  danger  of  falling,  il  was  i-emoved  and 
placed  upon  the  nntiiidi-  of  the  nnrth  wall  of  the  church. { 
The  tablet  bearing  the  inscription  was  of  black  Egyptian  mai^ 


■Mrrnolr*  of  KorhRmbosu,  Firnch  *d.,  vol.  I,  p.  SOS.  1  Si^kut"!  Mptnoln. 

I"Tlie  t'rrncliCoiitiil  raiinciJ  a  itiiiill  mouc  bulldlnK  lo  be  pn-cieil  uvi-r  liU  itrave,  niffl. 
drDIIj  Urg-p  to  place  tli-i-  in'iiiiiiiii'nl  oii  onr  mdc,  anil  II  <tas  urconliiigl.r  pUri'l  «ii  tlie  writ 
■tdu  «r  till-  bulMlDji,  Iml  »  nitmbfit  ofj'pur*  nflprwnnl.  ulillo  llii'  Fn'rich  frlgatf  lliiluM  1«)f 
at  ^^w]H)rt.  ilir  uDltrn  otiJr«^nl  la  tlic  mnniicr  of  plncinB  the  mnuumrnt,  aiid  dlri'clnl  Umt 
■  lie  bulMlfJK  ■liould  III-  drniiiliiliifl  ami  dii-  Kioiiiiiiurnl  filanil  aK<^ti>tl  Ilir  norlti  Me  at  ttia 
vliurcli,  whidti  ft  a*  done,  »lii>nr  II  Mill  rfaialiin."— .Vrirjir^rt  M'-rcnrg,  Auyiul  17,  IS0I. 


OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES.  341 

ble,  measuring  seventy-nine  inches  in  length  and  fifty  inches 
in  height,  set  in  a  hitndsome  white  marble  frame. 

On  the  23d  of  September,  1865,  I  visited  Newport,  and 
made  a  drawing  of  the  monument,  which  is  herewith  pre- 
sented, marking  upon  its  surface  the  cracks  in  the  tablet  and 
frame,  caused  by  accident,  or  by  the  storms  and  frosts  of 
eighty  years.  I  also  copied  the  inscription  upon  the  tablet, 
which  reads  as  follows  : 

D.    0.    M. 

CAROLVS  LVDOVICVS   D'ARSAC   DE   TERN  AY 

ORDINIS   Sti.  HlerusulymlUDi  Eqaes,  noD  dum  vota  professus, 

a  vetere  et  Dobili  genure,  apud  Amorlcoa,  oriuoclas. 

unus  e  reglarum  Classium  prierectU, 

CIVIS,    MILES,    IMPERATOtt, 

De  Rege  suo,  et  Patrla,  per  42.  annos  bene  merltaa. 

Hoc  sub  Marmore  JACBT. 

FELICITER  AUDAX, 

navGH  regias,  poRt  C'roisiacam  cladem, 

per  li)vio9  VICENOMJG  tluvil  antVactua  dlajectas, 

i  ctccls  voraghilbus,  improbo  labore,  annts  1760,  1761. 

iotor  tola  liastlum, 

ilutriisU,  avcliit,  et  statlmilbus  nais  reKtittiit  incolumes. 

Anuo  1762,  TERKAM  NOVAM  1u  America  invaslt. 

Anno  1772,  renunelatus  PR^TOR 

ad  regcndas  BOitiioMAU  et  Fr'ancla;  Insulas, 

lu  OALU.E  commoda,  ct  Colonorum  rellcitatem 

per  aiiuoK  Septem,  tolus  luciibult 

FuKDKitATis  uRtJiNiBUB,  pro  llbcrtatc  dlinlcantlbufi, 

A  REGR  CDUiRTiANissiMO  mNsas,  subsiclio  anno  1780, 

ItHODUM    INSL'LAM  OCCUpavIt : 

DulU  ad  nova  Sc  acclngebat  perlcula, 

I.V  HAG    UKBK 

Inter  CommiUtorum  planctus 

Inter  FORDEnAToiicM  ordixum  amenta  et  dcslderia, 

Mortem  obilt  grnvem  bonis  omnibus,  et  luctuusam  Suis, 

die  IS  a,  Xbrls  h.dcc.lxxx, 

natus  aunos  68. 


342  RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 

itKX  cnniSTiAKissiurB,  everissimuR  vlrtulis  Judex, 

ut  ctarisstml  Vlrt  memoria  posteritatl  consecretur, 

hoc  monumentum  ponciidum  Jus»1t 

M.  DCC  Lxxxni. 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  the  inscription,  made  in 
1785: 

Tn  the  name  of  GOD 

CHARLES   LEWIS   D'AHSAC  DE  TERNAY 

Knight  of  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Jerusalem, 

Thongh  the  Vows  of  the  Order  he  had  never  acknowledged, 

descended  ft-om  nn  ancient  and  noble  Family  of  Britagnc, 

One  of  the  Admirals  of  the  King's  Fleets, 

a  Citizen,  a  Soldier,  a  Chief, 

serviceably  falthfbl  to  his  King  and  to  his  Country, 

for  42  Years, 

now  rests  beneath  this  Marble. 

Happily  resolute 

iu  the  years  I7C0.  and  1761,  after  the  Crolasinn  Battle, 

with  painful  DItflculty,  amidsit  the  Weapons  of  Enemies, 

hL'  rescued,  and  brought  off  from  dnugerous  Whirlpools 

the  Royal  Fleet,  dispersed  near  the  Innavigable  Eddies  of 

the  Hlver  of  Viconzn, 

and  gave  his  ships  llie  stations  he  wished  without  any 

Damage, 
In  the  year  17*12,  he  tnvadoil  New  found  hind  in  America, 

In  1772,  having  resigned  his  command, 
he  received  the  Kegenty  of  Uourbon,  and  the  French 
Islands  iidjiiceiit. 
In  which  Ofllic,  for  seven  Years, 
To  the  Emoiiimeiit  of  Frnm-e  and  the  Happiness  of  the 
Colonies, 
He  was  nsslduoiisly  ralthful. 
Being  ordered  \>y  His  Most  Christian  Majesty  in  the  year 
17H0,  with  Assistance  to  the  United  States,  engaged  in  tin- 
Defence  of  Liberty,  lie  arrived  in  Rhode  Island, 
when,  while  he  was  i)repared  lo  encounter  the  Dangers 
of  his  Conimaiid, 


OUB  FRENCH  AUJES. 


343 


To  the  Inconsolable  Grief  of  his  FuUow- Soldiers, 

To  the  sincere  Sorrow  of  the  UnituU  States, 

lie  expired  lu  this  City, 

Regretted  by  all  the  Good ;  but  pnrtlcularly  lamented  by 

those,  to  whom  he  was  related, 

December  15th,  m  dcc,  lxxx. 

Aged  58. 

Ills  Most  Clirlstliin  Mujesty,  strictly  Just  to  Merit, 

In  order  thnt  the  Memory  of  this  Illustrious  Man 

might  be  consecrnted  to  Posterity, 

Hath  ordered  thl»  Monument  to  be  erected, 

H.  DCC.  Lxxxin. 

Note.— It  will  be  Keen  thai  Vicdi>:a  and  Vttvnontaare  Latin  destfpiallons  of  Vllalae  A 
Tew  jpurs  ago,  a  nomewhat  more  euplioiilouit  trautlatloii  wiu  inude  by  !Sldncy  Kverett,  Kaq., 
an  aocumpllstiod  actiolar.  It  wan  pulitUhcd  in  tlic  Kew  Kugtuad  Historical  and  Gencalog- 
kal  RegiHter  for  October,  1H73. 


\ 


Jd.  o,  m. 

C  AROUysLu  DO  VICU  5  D'AflSAC 

deTctnay  OriiinisS*-' 


\ 


TiiK  Dk  Tersay  Moxumiu<t  in  Tkixitv  Ciiukcii,  Nkwi>ort. 


The  monument,  thoroughly  repaired,  may  now  be  seen  in 
the  western  vestibule  of  Trinity  church. 

Ten  years  ago,  (1^72,)  the  dilapidated  condition  of  the 
grave  of  Admiral  De  Tcrniiy  attracted  the  attention  of  the 
Marquis  de  Noaillcs,  the  French  Minister  at  Washington, 


H'"'H  HPNFfVP  aKTHON  r 


..  ■  '■■I^II,  I.-       -■  -iiphi  ■:  .L> 

H  '  |i'riii4l>iv  ■icBtl!  pret^Kl'  ' 
-   ■  1  L  IJ   H-       vrvki '.  *ii  !-.ti^  HJ  lift   ;    ■      •    •■ 

.  ■'."    •!;   :  n'li-'i'if  ni-   J- ■■t  :     ■   ■.    ■  ■ 
,:  .-.,.■      ■■.,■  hui   lln     i.jri.   -- 


■   vin- 


■-'.  .  ■     .)  .  ■*■,       !,       . 


OCR  FRENCH  AIJ.IBS. 


It  is  ik'cply  to  ho  regretioii  thnt  an  engraved  portrait  of 
Admiral  I)e  T<*rnay  eoulU  not  bo  obtained  to  appeur  in  this 
Volume,  but  (iirrfiil  iiujuiry  hm  ftiilml  to  bring  onc>  to  li;;bt. 
An  aiiton^niph  »iignfttiirc  of  the  Admiml  has  been  i^onghl, 
tboogh  M-itb  no  belter  t^nccc»tf.  Dr.  King  informed  nic  thnt 
he  onec  possessed  one,  tint  ihnt.  it  had  lioen  lost. 

In  the  course  of  years,  subsequently  to  the  removal  of  the 
monument  from  Adniinil  DoTcniiiy's  grave,  the  public  had 
forgotten  the  spot  whore  he  was  buried,  nnd  in  1S50,  but 
one  eilizen  of  Newport  was  living  who  coold  point  it  out. 
That  1VI18  the  lute  Dr.  David  King.*     In  early  youth,  the 

Imliuifiiiiii  or  bf  any  oihpr  BorTnimnl.  ]>;  Twuhv  ditl  not.  »kf  l^ftiTTllr.  InvplraO  by  llw 
lotpof  hlirrlT.  <<>luiilr#r  lil*iiiAlt1«ii  twM-l  IiinIcIoTuut  4trUit|[l<n|E  nMlnnaUtgr:  but  «-IIIl 
willing  o)MHlh>nn'  in  lit*  niniiiiHiiiU  uf  lil*  iHirfrvljrl><  Iw  brou)(1lt  li>  nur  walilitncrr  skill. 
oxpvfltncr,  nitd  h  nitntic  rrnoitu-rd  inwKr.  Jlii  premBnire  ilntili  ti'*^'i>(*'*  i'"  ''^'■i*'''! 
whifti  llir  cmiuIrT  raprcinl  frum  bU  iFrrifn.  jtt  iIiok  H-rnlrF.,  to  long  k*  lir<-  (■•Ird,  irrra 
■pprrvtulrd  hj  hMtt  gotrrBmrnli.  Illi  ourn  gwrrnnivfit  huiiorr^  i<l*  (iqiulciliiv, anil  latt  It 
tn  tli«  fhirire  of  outt,  on  Hit  Mill  VhMi  hr  hud  •kfrmlril,  nnd  kmcnc  Ihr  propJe  wlwni  Iw 
liad  suMiomL  Wr  <:«nitol  drkpila  ibal  Inut  or  pmnlt  kiij  but  Ibc  blghnt  withOTiljr  to 
■rfmlnUtcr  ll. 

"  Vlt  mini  not.  In  th<-  honor*  «r1ildi  ««  jmy  to  lliir  lirrop*  of  our  own  llmr,  forsrt  thow 
whnH  ilrriji  ItluitmlP  <iBr  ortldr  atinal*.  Inl  tli*  fmnr  wliJRli  nr  niio  oHrtimfi-  niKf .  In  III 
t«m,  t>«  put  uMc  by  ilml  nlilcli  li  uot  brixhliT  )■  \untt,  but  iit-urr  <o  Ihc  DvIiir  Krufni. 

lion.  Hut  Irl  Uf  tiold  in  p<|nBl  rrnirinbrBncp  Itiow  Wlm  have  Mmllflnl  lliHr  nainp*  wllb 
Ihoglfirj'  or  IIh-  eoutiiry,  tn  wIiuIcvpt  llim-  ilwy  flaiirEntiett,  frpn  wliMci'rr  pllinp  llifTMnif. 
And  let  llin  «>ni1ngic<'iL>'rtilli'iii  I"' taoillil  Hiil  Itirxr  wtio  Cdutrlhiilr  t«  th<^  di-fruw,  Ihe 
aitvsniTinriit,  llic  rvrifinnof  llicdrrM  lli>jtiil>11i'.,*}mll  imrr  b*  TorjiolUD,  but  iluUI  IKv  la 
gmtcful  ri-iiii-nibrancr.  tswrnl  vllh  lt«  IniiDorrRi  life. 

"  tl  niity  liF  pr(i|N-r.  sl1li«ii|rli  II  la  nat  nmrMnrir.  lo  vajr  llmt  1  prapOM  Ulb  rvMlMlVD 
lrliaR|r  nlthoul  th*  knuvlnlur  of  (lip  >tan|iiU  •Ic  NiiHlllr'." 

tn  Hie  llonw  of  KriirrfnilstirM  Uie  llowiriMis  licnjBniin  T.  Kamcii,  In  nn  caninl 
■Dppan  ot  tht  bin.  Mill:  "Kmncr,  In  aid  of  Dip  colonic*  tu  tiMrlr  •Inituclr  for  iadvprnd- 
vufr,  pippBiliml  upwuita  of  rourf**>ti  Uiindrrd  Ihonfand  t^nf,  nnd  laid  u]M>n  ihp  altsr  of 
libtrtjr  tht  fiLvlfln,  nvt  odIj  of  tM(  frraBurr,  but  »li>o  i)i<-  liirt  of  meay  of  hrr  brn** 
•oMIpnand  Ml]»n>i  and  Mood  ftubljr  and  railltrullj  by  her  (.■uurantn'  tiulll  IhFeloan  of  Ihc 
COBNM.  And  ll  *r««n<  in  m*  that  Itil*  ncujttilifuii  I.  di-manilvd  nn  IW  iwi  of  tb*  gorrrn- 
im-nt  nf  iht  I'nil^d  MaiM  !■  irraivnit  rcintnil>nin»  of  ih»  n(d  of  Frnnei',  and  a?  ■  mMni 
of  l[»r|ilDf<  tmb  In  (lie  mRtnorj-  of  ili«  Amrrlrsn  pmpli-  lii«r  Inrnluablp  iprvltv*.  aa  wril  at 
at  worlnx  tM  Vrvntk  propio  ihui,  BJr'ioiifli  tlir  laiMt-  ol  Tir*t\j  m  ernttirjr  niajt  ublliM«ie 
lli»  UixTlpll'in  oo  lh»  monnmi'iit,  i^-rlcd  bj  tlir  Kr>-t>ch  KInji  In  nia-niory  of  lh<>  dl-tln- 
fpilthpil  niivnl  olAntr.  jpI  Ii  can  n<ni>T  olilllprain  or  rlTao*  flum  th*  lioarU  of  Ihe  AiDprlcan 
pcopli  a  itrsitfui  rpcollrcilon  Of  Ihc  criM-rouf  fupport  ADd  irmpalhr  of  rnnt*  la  our 
Mnggie  for  national  llfr." 

rioon  aftvr  ch*  paaaipicif  thnbtll,  thp  ltarqal*d#  >'oa[II(>«  afldrrHi-d  a  Irttrr  loSnMtor 
Anilwar,  cxpTfMtaKhliffmtlflcRtlonal  th«Milonori'on|tr«ac,  aadlhc  Krrneb  Mlnlrterof 
ForriffB  AShln,  harlnK  rvcvlTnl  Oijin  Mr.  Wa*liburtir,  tlw  Amcrlran  MinUli-r  al  I'arii,  a 
«Dprv<rU)eb01,  wUb  Hr.  Anlhunr'*  ipcwli,  «xtir«MMl  htmMlf  InatlmUar  maBOrr. 

■It  btflDOVU  B  pRlnfUl  diilT  lo  rMord  bcrc  ibe  drniii  ut  ilil*  dlitlaguiilMd  pkraMan, 
■nlwlar  and  aallqnatlan.    lH.  Klof  irat  Lli«  mmi  oT  Dr.  Oaild  and  Ann  liurdM  Klnf,  IIMl 

4< 


3-46 


KHODE  ISLANB    IN    THE    REVOLUTION. 


location  tiad  been  shown  to  him  by  au  uged  man  who  was 
present  nt  the  interment,  and  who  saw  the  (Niffin  lowered  into 
the  grave.  Ever,  after  having  received  this  information,  Dr. 
King  kept  the  spot  in  view,  and  sacredly  guarded  it  against 
invasion.  In  1879,  in  answer  lo  int|uirii'9  concerning  the 
Admiral,  I  received  from  him  the  following  exhflusti\*e  and 
gniphic  account  of  his  sickncsfl,  death,  interment  and  wninl 
monument :  . 


WW  tjorD  In  N*w|MUt  In  WIS.  Ifo  dl»d  Mirtli  7,  IW3,  In  Iho  •^TMIlcTIi  r«*r  of  I*'*  "K*- 
Hr  |trB>1'<>"'P'l  Bt  Brown  t'liltmllj  in  ln,tl,  raklofi.  ■■  liU  brolh»r,  lliv  Istr  lldn.  timrgr 
U.  KIhk,  lihldouc  tM-fiiTc,  ttw  rnJtdlel«T  bonar.  lie  «tu<llnl  cmdleliH!  lu  lltt  JfRVrwm 
Mdlii-al  -vrlioi.!,  (u  riiiluildptila,  wIkr)  he  pmloBtnl  la  IKII.  After  111*  ktwIwUIob.  be 
*lt)l(il  l.urti|ic,  «lilt  ilir  ilew  of  tmpfiiTlng  hl>  kcuwliditc  lu  hU  prolVulon.  t'(K>(i  bi* 
rctDm,  he  «itfrrtd  npoii  ihc  * xtrtU*  of  M.  pniroalot)  In  Xcwport,  )ucM«4Unit  lo  tlir  prat- 
tle* uT  hit  IklhtT,  vhD  died  about  ll»  How  of  lib  fradualloD.  Dt.  King  ro'c  ntf'i")'  >" 
111*  ]in>(p<iluii,  mad  hni  ranked  for  inaD7  rran  M  vw  oT  ilie  notl  dUibigultlii-'l  |>IiibI< 
elui*  or  Hluxlr  loUnJ.  Ilr  «m  k  mitti  of  cultufc.  utA  w*»  pMCMMd  of  «  rrBnrd  and  an 
laleUM  loi*  of  lliraaltini.  Iliitorlnal  aiid  antliiunrlBn  r»aiiuahu  vapeclallj  aliraclnl 
hlin,  and  the  vail  aocaninlnt ion  «r  Kewpori  and  Ittioile  ttlaud  hiiltnlcal  rvmatoi  hr  made, 
•how*  h«»  ia/f:e  a  place  llila  nwcfc  Olli^  Id  hii  IIIV.  )ll>  llbmrj  tl  one  of  the  lln'-tc  and 
rami  In  iheii'lale.  Vrry  iHTj^tf  ()ir<>ii|[li  hit  liKlnimtiilaUlj'ihF  TCcwporl  llltlndrsl  Aocl- 
•IT  waa  orfsnbed  and  ineurporatML  lie  becamt-  \U  proldcot,  and  Trota  year  (■>  yrar  wa* 
raClecledlOllie  lime  or  fait  dralh.  llu  wasalnu  ii  nirDtirrorilir  IlliiHiL-  Idand  llitlnrlral 
Sucli-I)'.  HI*  iiiiTc  ■.iraiid-iuariaij  i^M-nrcN  liil  lilin  lu  a  niniillnr  BAiualnliiiice  wtlli  local 
«Tcnt*.and  Inalllluil  nJalrdroNtwivrt  anJ  luttic  lilaridaf  Kliudi>l«la(jil  1ir¥iii>  rvjcnnkd 
ai  ■  niial  nulliorlty.  U*  tra*  liir  iiimiij  yean  fn^ldpiit  uf  llie  lloani  at*  rorpnralori  «f 
tin:  RvdwiMMi  Library,  and  at  llie  time  nt  111*  deot-aae  wm  ont  of  itic  llMrd  of  Ittrrctor*. 
ll«  Ha*  tlir  tir«i  IVraldenl  uf  tl>e  rSlalr  lloani  of  Uealtti.  He  ttn*  alto  a  lucmber  of  the 
Santrai;  tVofin-ltiui  .SfHiiviT,  «  Rienitier  of  tlie  Kliode  Itland  Soeteljr  Of  tlae  Cincinnati,  aad 
had  been  frviideDI  or  tlie  talauii  Ceaelenr. 

Boon  anrr  loktne  till  mrdicai  drcnr.  In  \SH.  Ur,  Kinf  married  MIW  Sarati  Q.  WhMlon, 
4aii|1itrr  of  Iter.  Satmon  Wliralan,  tlipn  rn-jnr  of  7>lulty  diiircli.  Ill*  nhlnir,  twoMHia, 
and  fMir  daugbiarr  furrlvv  iilm.  flu  «4n*  arf  Wijllum  Ittnry  and  l)K»td,  .Ir.  One  dauKh- 
trr,  tiantb,  wa«  roarrlrd  lo  llr.  Wilitain  H.  Itrirkiit-a'l.  nrnl  aootlier  to  a  .tlr.  I'oumiiT,  of 
New  Yorii.  Of  I>r.  KlTi|c*a  broclk^n.  Oeurfe  U.  and  l';ilnanl  are  deveaMd,  and  WUtlam  U. 
■lOH  flRvtrM. 

■Ijr  tiMdrathor  Dr.  Kins,  the  citfo'  Ncw{>art  ha*  bn-n  brr<«ti<d  of  me  of  IttnanciU- 

llTalcd  cltUrud.  unci  the  Ktiodf  liland  Medina]  Sr>cltt},  of  nlilch  lie  had  hrea   a   IVealdeal 

and  a  (;«n«or,  hat  lo>t  one  of  lli  brliftilNl  omatnenl*.  Die  auikor  rf  Ililt  work.  wliUe  pro- 
■reiilliig  Ida  hUlurleal  Inijutrlei,  lio*  bveil  indelilml  lu  l)r.  Klnfc  fur  rr|>ealcd  ri>iirle>lrfl, 
aixt  with  tliB  larfle  circle,  tvblcJi  will  iiiUa  til*  x^iilal  [jrvMnce  and  luatnirllre  oonTariatlun, 
mourn*  Mr  dvalh  a*  a  prraonat  Ima. 

ThF  remainii  of  Ilr.  Klnft  wnr  Intrrred  in  tbr  [aland  (Vcnrlrr?.  Tfae  flnx-ral  wrrice* 
luok  plan  Ju  Trinll^  Cliurdi,  In  the  pieiruci-  nf  a  crouilHl  andlenu,  t-nibradng  the  prontl- 
neol  clliivuf  uf  tlie  dly.  riirj-  vrerv  eonilueled  by  Iho  reclor,  the  Ker.  (ieorn*  ><■  Maj|lU. 
and  hia  aaaUtanl.  the  Kcv.  Mr.  Mauiaii,  Tlir  brarrri  wrrv  )>rnfr**or  WIIlla«  liamnvcll. 
of  rraHdonM,  Dnn.  Wllllnm  1*.  Sliefflrld,  Tlioinat  B.  Humor,  F.h|.,  Colonid  WUllam  fill* 
pin.  Jatne*  Kitdr  llawruii,Ktq..  il.U. Stone,  U.U.,  llenrr  1^- Turner,  M.D..  and  Kx-Xajror 
licorci-  H.  CiiIirH. 


\ 


^  >  1. 


OUE  FRKNCn  ALLlKa. 


3-17 


NRwroRT,  RnODF.  IscAyn, 

October  21,  IB'O. 
Rhv.  E.  M.  Stone: 

DfarSir:-!  &eui1  ihe  muiuacrlpt  accoant  of  U«  Terany.    It  Is  sub- 

nlltctl  to)'uur  luspuciloii  Ibr  pubUentlon  In  your  book. 

I  nm  yooH,  very  iruly. 


fJoA^  ^ujru:^ 


"  When  I  was  n  ynuth  there  rcsliieil  In  \cwport  a  venerable  oW  chroni- 
cler uT  pita  t  llinc.i,  Mr.  TliointiA  Ilorn^by.  AC  one  period  of  his  life  lie 
ilevotetl  hlnwdf  to  tnkiiig  care  of  Invalid  pcntlcmcn  ntio  cwiie  lo  New- 
port Tor  the  beiiL'lll  of  the  reaCornllvr  {>uwer!t  of  Its  cllmiite.  In  the  last 
ecntHry,  ondcr  Dr.  Sl■nl1^r,  Ilr.  Flclclirr,  Mr.  K.vrc-,  Dr  Olyphnnt  nnd  [>r. 
Ha&toii,  he  liml  acqtiirrd  much  experience.  And  for  ihi-  InMitllt  nf  various 
grnllcrii^n,  and  his  n-U-nds  In  later  thues.  he  wn.«  alwnys  re«dj  to  exercise 
Ills  skill  in  tlie  re;culalluii  uf  the  diet  anil  reglinL-ti,  mid  the  in»nnK<-nii-nt  of 
a  stck  ruum  uiiUl  he  himself  hccnuie  disabled.  He  possespud  n  wide 
knowledse  of  the  funilliar  occurrences,  and  an  cuteiwlve  actiualiiiiiiice, 
norc  or  less  Intimate,  with  the  intelligent  niintlle«  and  clistUiiCti>sh«1  vlsU 
torn  of  Neiv|>ort. 

■'  I'rom  hlra  I  heard  tli«  story  of  the  French  Admiral  I>«  Temaj's  death 
Knd  rUnernl.  De  Teriiay's  death  oecurred  very  »nddeidy.  and  wa*  sup- 
posed to  have  resulted  frum  an  attack  uf  mnli^fuant  fovcr.  When  t\»\U:  a 
youth,  he  wcul  with  thnse  appntnK'd  for  the  purpose,  Into  the  chamber 
where  the  Admiral  died  n&d  i>aw  tlio  body  placed  In  the  coffin.  Kvcry 
mark  of  honor  was  paid  to  llic  remains  of  the  brnvc  Admiral.  The  calar 
Ikfaine  npon  which  he  wiw  ptncnl  viw  draped  in  lilack  crape,  btit  lla  din- 
tlncllve  deeoratlun  wan  the  nntlonnl  flag,  with  the  lint,  the  epaidettes  and 
the  sword  of  the  deceased,  to^^ethvr  with  the  mednts  of  tioninir  he  had 
received  and  the  iustgnla  of  the  Orders  to  which  he  belonsed.  The  room 
InwWch  he  was  pisccil  waa  shrouded  In  black.  The  wbol«  apartment 
wa.1  llKhled  np  hy  the  mnny  wax  candle.s  tliat  Hiirroundcd  the  catafalque. 
Dying  III  the  Wanton  house  In  Washington  street,  the  Admiral  was 
carrk-rt  from  llKrniri;  to  Trinity  clmrch-yard  by  a  sek-ct  body  of  aallora 
from  hiK  o»n  Iliic-Khlp.  The  fliiienil  cortege  wna  very  Imposing,  as  It 
took  Its  wny  along  WashlUKton  Hlreet.  up  the  lung  wharf,  ihrougli  Thanxat 
•trcet,  and  up  chtirch  street  to  the  church  yard.  The  bands  of  the  anuy 
and  navy  played  tbrtr  mournful  and  mrlanchuly  «iniins  as  the  brllUaot 
processlou  passed  along  the  ntrecta.  Every  eligible  place  was  used  by  the 
I>rople  to  wllnefls  the  »ceD«;  every  window  and  bonsetop  was  crowded 


348 


BIIODE  I8LA.ND  IN  TKB  REVOLUTION. 


along  the  way.  There.  In  llie  prorwi»lon  near  llie  bier  of  tlielr  Ititc  eorn- 
mHn<k-r,  ii|i[ii.'ure(l  ihc  inoNt  (]latii)^<il»ht.'d  rnptiims  of  the  t'rencli  nAVy. 
ivitii  bitiJ-jL'a  or  Hiouriiln;;.  Id  llie  ftiiK-Tsil  ir.Tlu  llie  fortes  of  llii;  navy 
Wfr«  ([iiilt  imnirrutii,  nml  ttiu  ctirluus  obwrwr  could  cliscrni,  niinniff  llie 
offlwrn.  the  (WrqucDC  iisc  of  llie  <1ecoratloii  of  Si.  Louis.  All  evw  mure 
directed  upon  the  luorc  celubmU'd  offleer*  of  the  Frcirch  nrmy  — wIlli 
whom  llie  people  set'iiicil  more  l^iniiUiir.  FIfhI  In  iiiipurtiiuce  was  Cooiit 
(le  Koetmiiibifiii,  I.lculeiiHiit-OenernI,  CominniKler  of  the  French  tand 
furces  In  UtiiMje  I»lnnd,  nccompBDlett  by  his  ni>i»,— dc  Fer>eii,  tie  Lami-tlt, 
anrl  (le  IIiiiiiim.  Mauy  of  the  ravorite  ofllL-ers  were  abNenC,  as  iLicncconi- 
pllshed  C'licvaller  de  CliiLHtfUiix,  ttii.'  clilvnlrU^  <le  I.aiiziim.  the  ^iracrnil  (Ic 
Konllk'*,  atid  tliv  spirited  de  Montei>(|ii)eii,  miO  t'oilie  of  llie  Bhlcxt  yeiilnr 
oflleers,  the  Marquis  do  LaCiil  the  Cuiini  de  CuMliie  itud  the  Count  ile 
Uciix  PotiU.  Bill  ihe  people  reiiiarhed  itie  uohle  bciirlDf;  of  the  broiherR, 
—  the  Baron  and  the  Connt  de  VicunenDll.— (iiid  were  ftilly  c'mtltI<-'<)  by  the 
splendid,  hilllianl  nimI  pcciilUr  uniforms  of  the  vnrions  regimeiilx,  Iti  the 
pruceKsion.  The  BoiirbonnoiR,  under  Ltetitennni-Colonel  de  l!resolLci«,  tlie 
Koyjtl  Deux-Poiils,  under  It*  fiisclntilinK  Coloiiid.  llic  Duke  de  l)eiix-I'onl» ; 
the  SoiKSonnoiM,  under  Count  de  Sulnt-Maiitic ;  the  Snlnlonge.  under  Count 
de  Cliarlus:  the:  Ke[[1tnent  of  Artillery,  iind>-r  roloticl  D'AHovilte;  slid  the 
Boyal  Oorp^  of  ICn^lnccm,  under  Colonel  HcKiindrouinn.  Sueli  a  mnKiilfl- 
centastienibln^e  ortroopA,  well  appotuledla  nrma  aud  aecoutremenla.hud 
never  before  been  seen  in  New[>orL 

"  The  body  of  Ihe  Freneli  Admiral  wiw  carried  Into  the  chiirrh-ynrd  by  a 
aelect  numlwr  of  French  tiiiUort.  The  cullin  was  preeeded  by  twelve 
I'ricKtx,  and.  nn  the  fmneral  whs  ni  twItlKht,  wllli  ll;jlited  lorchea  lu  tln-lr 
hands.  Around  the  kchvu  tliey  elianied  the  Bunian  CutliuHe  )H.Tvk-e.  and 
perfoimed  uil  the  customary  rites  of  llie  <"atholIc  Church,  with  u  jfeimlne 
l^'lhijt  of  liiidiieA!),  naturally  iiwnkencd  by  the  iihlDty  and  vlrtueh  uf  the 
dlsllnun  I  lulled  dead.  The  coffin  wna  sndly  lowered  Into  ilic  grnve.  whieb 
wns  prepored  fur  Uic  Admiral  In  the  north-east  pnrt  of  Trinity  church* 
yard. 

"  Tlie  troops  gave  their  laat  salute  to  Iheir  bravii  comninmh-r,  and  lelt 
hlni  to  »leep  in  the  American  aoil,  tMidLT  Ihe  proleclln;;  care  of  the  AnierU 
can  da;;.  The  vnint  nseeiulilajju  dispersed,  and  the  troops  ivtunied  to  tbelr 
()imrters,  nlth  the  most  antniiuhif;  siralnii  uf  military  inui-li:,  ao  striktu^ly 
In  contrast  nilU  lliu  jjlooni  and  mehnr.holy  of  the  fliiicrul  iimreh  loivards 
the  grave.  The  people  were  deeply  impi-evscil  by  this  aimnge.  fo.'Mrlnatlnt! 
and  nioiiniful  ncenr.  TUcy  seethed  Lo  ftd  fur  a  inoinenl  that  tlie  poinp  ol 
drnih  had  a  oiihlline  rtidlly.  aixJ  that  IIk;  grand  eeretiiiiny  Lhey  had  Wit- 
neuaed,  kkh  nvt  tl)«  valti  thing  which  their  cducatlou  bud  taught  tlufiu  lo 
believe. 

"  In  1785  the  inonDmeot  of  Admiral  iJe  Tertidy  wa«  received  In  New- 
port,  aud  in  the  early  part  uf  July  wax  erected  Iti  Trlnlly  ehiiieh-yard.  It 
■was  countjjned  lo  the  care  of  I'elcg  Clarke,  V^q.,  who  liad  beeii  iitueh 
CHipluycU  lu  tUo  French  service  during  the  Ucvolutloiiary  war.     ile  had 


OVR  FKBNCII  ALLIES. 


841) 


nccurnte  loHtructloiis  fur  ereciliig  Uie  inuiiuineiit.  Ii  vms  de^lcned  for  th« 
iDieriur  \>f  Trinity  l-Ihiil-Ii.  but  nt)  HiUug  pUcv  coulU  bL'  funnd  (ur  Lt.  ADd 
III  L<»ii!itiltatlao  with  th  !  VcAiry  of  tltc  rliiirrh  It  was  rcsolvirU  tu  er<K.-t  It 
over  th«  ffTtive  of  The  AdmlrHl.  It  was  [t\M-va  on  a  m^iio  fuiinddtlon.  and 
-NUpport*^  by  ft  woodeo  slraetarL'.  In  tb«  course  of  time  the  wood 
d*.-ciiycd,  jiiid  It  ban-iiiiiR  neccip-iiry  lo  renew  It,  or  to  rrmuve  Hie  marble 
vlab  w'illt  I(«  Ktotw  ruuiiODlluti  to  thu  norili  nido  uT  Uk-  cbiiix^h.  The  latL«r 
course  iras  detUleil  upon.  Here  )l  romiilRcd  Tor  ronny  yvun,  \t»  gllttliif 
imOually  fuiHiitf  iml.  niiO  hoidv  oT  ibc  ttloucrf  of  nhivb  H  wa»  couipo4<i-<l 
belug  crackeik.  by  the  Tmsut  or  our  severe  winters.  Sc-c)ii({  the  expo.<ie(l 
kttuucliin  or  ibc  inoiuiitifiit,  [  lorik  inen»iire.4  about  thr  yonr  IMS  tu  pro- 
tect It,  An<l.  triib  the  aid  of  sonic  liberal  frtcnds,  erected  a  wooden  cimlii; 
wllb  fDlillnj;  duorit,  irhkh  cotilj  be  uulooked,  for  the  gralillcatlon  of  vM' 
Ion  liilvrvaU'U  lu  Itiv  inonumcut. 

"  DurliiK  niy  yuutti,  nud  I  presume  ever  after  the  moiuiment  wu 
rcrMoved  tu  ibe  mirtli  .-Hide  of  the  diiircU,  tin*  j{rnve  of  Adinlnil  De  Teruay 
wBs  t)nd1.-«lti];[iil:>hc<l,niicl  lliclocntloii  of  Hit- grove  w«!H-iillri-ly  r»rj;oClcn. 
It  vetin.  In  fact,  -mppcised  lo  t>c  directly  tiiiilcr  the  Mlabcn'ctrd  on  th«  north 
ftldt  of  the  <:htin-h.  It  wiw  covcnd  wllli  lb*-  grtH'u  «(Viinl,  «nd  the  stoni- 
(noing!  (iT  I  lie  grave  wn-t  nboDt  tlirce  Tvvt  bt^luvv  lb(>  siiirncc  of  tho  ground, 
wllti  no  mark  lo  liidicutc  Its  locution.  In  the  tiicnnllmc-.  I  kept  In 
rtMUcmbniiic-u  thi;  locality  pointed  out  to  tne  by  Horubby,  a»  In  th«  nortb* 
cast  pun  of  thi^  yard.  l)n  the  :JVtb  or  October,  In  1  RoO.  fliidlag  a  new  gravo 
nindt-  111  that  portion  of  tlic  ihnruh  yard,  I  bc-inme  npprtbt'iislvu  for  the 
aafcly  of  the  rrmnlnti  of  the  Fn  nrti  Ailmlrnl,  and  in>tltuLL'd.  int»ii!t1lAU-ly, 
»on>c  t-xpliirjitioii^  by  int-nns  of  wlikh  I  dUcovi-u-d  llic  i>r«K.-ht:  pl.icc  of 
hU  bnrlul.  The  i;ratlf\-lna  reiiult  vrus,  that  the  gravv  of  the  Admiral  was 
«ns11y  found  Iti  tin:  north  east  part  of  Lliu  ctiurcli-ynnl,  nbuul  three  feet 
below  the  furfuce  of  the  FjrouU'l,  solidly  cncaHcd  In  stone.  I  at  once  look 
a  pint  of  the  ground,  niarkltij;  upon  U  the  precitte  spot,  by  accurate  nieas- 
uri'incMt.  frura  Hxed  polntn.  I  atlll  hav«  lit  my  po»scssion  tl]b4  plat,  and  I 
Intended  to  have  di-poi.[ted  It  In  the  arcldvcit  of  the  Newport  llUtorlcal 
Soclipty,  linphijii  to  prnpoKe  to  the  Society,  nt  some  flitiin-  day,  the  erection 
of  a  monument  over  Ute  grave  of  Admiral  l)e  Tcrnay,  A  few  yi-ars  nftcr- 
wantri,  when  a  coiniiitttec  was  appointed  by  Trinity  church  corporation  to 
re;;mi.Ie  lli.e  grounds,  aud  to  roetoi-e  nioiiumeol»  which  hud  bven  iivtalectcd. 
1  obtained  Itie  rnniient  of  the  cominUtee  to  place  over  Hie  grave  of  the 
FrencE)  Admiral  ituiEif  Ijrge  slabs,  whoM;  Inscriptions  bnd  bern  elTttced  by 
time.  IhuN  iiecurln)|[  the  iiieana  of  alirnya  dv>i;;iialhig  Hie  loi.-aliun.  The 
AdintrnlV  fp-avo  reuialUL'd  In  this  slate,  when,  In  Uiv  Muuiuu-r  of  IHTS,  the 
French  MInUler  to  the  United  Stales,  tlie  Martinis  de  Noatlles  was 
Informed  of  Hie  couUlilon  uf  ttiu  inoiuiinuni  to  [)e  Teruay  on  the  north 
Hide  of  the  clinrch,  and  of  the  app«rcuily  nc;;lL-cted  ittalc  of  Lhu  grave,— 
the  Hitc  of  whii'li  I  b»d  dbtcoverecl  in  IHSO.  The  Marquis  do  Noalllw 
resolveil  to  n;palr  the  orlj;ln:(l  monument,  and  to  place  It  a;^aln:4t  tl>e  trail 
In  the  vestibule  of  the  church.     Uc  resolved  likewise  to  plicc  a  granlt« 


490 


RHODE  ISI>AHD  IN  THK  REVOLf  TION. 


stab  over  the  gnvo  of  Ibe  Admiral  )u  Uio  cburcb  yud.    Tlicse  resolutloua 

hfl  carried  Into  eBTMt. 

•■  The  orlfclnal  monament  Is  of  black  KH-titlon  cnarblo,  sorroundcd  by 
moulded  (!asli)gs,  Hnd  liupported  by  carved  bracket.^  of  wlilt«  tnorble. 
Between  tbe  brai'k«u,  anti  bt;iii.-«Ui  lli«  KKyptlan  mnrblc,  U  itn  t'.icntcbeOD 
un  wlilcli  nro  rarr^tl  Ibv  InslgnlBof  tlip  KnlglitKlloxiiitalteni  oTSt.  Johiinr 
Jenisalem,  to  which  order  Lhe  Admiral  belgngcd,  bul  aL  the  time  of  bla 
death  liAtl  Hot  proreftfi'd  ibe  xowa  or  ukep  the  oatb». 

"  In  I'utier'it  tnonLhly  llltistriiti'tl  niiigaxitiv,  vuhiTnv  4,  pass  300.  for 
Aaj^nnt,  IMTS,  I'hlladt-liihla,  In  nii  nrtlclp  l)j-  Mr.  r.eorsc  L'.  Masoit,  I  tm 
tbat  tht;  monument  of  l>e  Tcniny  is  iUustnitcd  by  a  ruc-sltnllc  of  tli«  orlg- 
nal  drawing  aeiit  out  from  Frniice,  but  now  In  Ibc  pusscssioii  ofhl;*  Tathcr, 
Mr.  tJ«yrg«  C-  Mnnoii,  of  Ncvrport. 

"Ilnvlu^  bftu  from  an  early  pvrloil  or  llfu  Jiilercil^tl  in  everything 
relating  to  De  Terimy's  monunteni,  I  hml  Bovenil  iiit«rvk*«8  <vUii  tbe  lata 
Mr.  Pel(!(!  Clarke,  In  wlilcb  lie  Inrormt^iL  nn:,  tlint  bo  had  In  his  poBsea»loD 
tbe  drawings  that  had  b«fn  used  by  Ma  grandrutbcr  In  9<Htli>^  up  the  mon- 
ument tit  Trinity  church-yard.  At  some  convenient  opportunity,  he  prom- 
ist-ti  m(>  iL  view  nT  tlirm.  IleiK'cfortli  ttit;  orl^lniil  inimiiEneul  of  Tie  'Vvt- 
nay.  Rtlded  and  restored  Id  1872.  under  llie  superintendence  of  the  !l[ar«|Ui« 
de  Noallk-«,  will  be  preserved  »mt  protected  w  Ithln  tbe  vMtibule  or  portico 
uf  Trlultj  cburcb. 

"  There  Ix  a  eouimou  mlsnppreheiHluii,  amunK  recent  writers,  concern- 
ing the  House  In  nhlch  Dr.  Ilunicr  llvi;il.  Dr.  Wllllnin  Hunter  iK'vvr  lived 
111  Wtisblivi^on  street,  as  has  been  Kiild.  Ills  rtslgleiici- waK  In  Tbomea 
street,  In  the  hou-ie  now  owned  nnd  neeupU-al  by  Mr.  .iHuies  Taylor,  near 
Mnin  »trt*l.  I>r.  Hunter  died  In  th[it  boaa«  on  Tlinnn-s  street  in  I7T7, 
Mis  family,  »iil)!tc<[i)ently  to  bis  di-ntb,  rvstded  In  the  same  hvuw,  nnd  It  U 
or  tbe  LMilertaidiEieiUK  clveu  lu  tills  Ituuse  to  tbe  Kreucti  ulllcvr^  of  Rocbam- 
beau's  aruiy  by  Mrs.  Hunter,  and  her  bfllllautly  liaiidHniue  daogliters,  that 
de  hanzun,  In  h\a  Memoirs,  spenks  so  MitbUKiastlcally. 

"Adnilnil  DeTi-rany  resided  and  died  In  tbe  house  of  Colonel  Jiwepli 
Wanton,  .Jr.,  on  Wn^ililn^tan  street,  whii-b,  at  the  time,  was  seqaeBtCTMl, 
nnd  anerwanh,  a-H  ttie  property  of  n  toynllrtt,  waa  contlaciited  by  the  Stale.* 
Il  was  sold  by  ii  eoinniitlni"  yf  the  Ueneral  A"»rinbly.  Si-plcmber  20,  I7BB, 
to  llcnjnit)in  IJonr«e,  Ktiq  ,  for  £?."00,  oui'-fonrlh  of  the  vslne  belnji  paid 
at  the  thne  of  sale.  It  pH&!>L><l  by  ik>cd  to  a  ^ucceHflon  of  lndUiduab>,  Qtitll 
nt  length  It  came  Into  the  po^si^sston  of  John  I.,  Boj^ti,  Em*).,  by  whom,  on 
January  17.  1»(W,  It  was  sold  to  the  laic  Hon.  Wltlhim  Honter,  the  mem- 
ber of  the  United  States  .Senate,  nnd  tbe  Minister  to  Hrajsll.  Mr.  Hunter 
made  it  lils  re.tlde»cc.  and  died  (here  December  S,  14^9. 

"In  the  Latin  Uiacrlptlon  uii  De  Ternay'ii  iiioHnincot  vre  fltid  a  detailed 


•  Ilonuby  Mlf]  llir  Ailmlral  'llrd  In  Ihr  •aulli-patt  diambfr,  whrrc  hr  «m  pIhcmI  lu  tha 
oolBn.  Ilurnabr  llkrwlac  miM  (Iml  tli«-  room  imibT  The  (')inml>L*r,  via.,  tbe  Mullr-vasl  toon 
oa  llir  am  Suor,  wai  lued  ai  ttM  tnAauxv  r«>in  at  Ibe  Ftcaob  navf. 


Oim  FRENCH  ALLIES.  351 

accoant  or  the  principal  events  of  De  Terney's  life.  Now  tlit:  English 
translation,  nbicb  was  printed  in  the  Newport  Mercury,  July  9,1786,  with 
the  Latin  inscrlptlun,  was  probably  the  production  of  some  distinguished 
scholar  of  France,  and  sent  out  with  the  monaiuent  to  America.  I  will 
venture  to  suggest  as  itn  author  the  Marquis  de  Chastellux,  a  splendid 
General  of  the  French  army  and  au  accomplished  memlier  of  the  French 
Academy.  He  was  IVimlllar  with  the  English  langonge,  and  translated 
into  French,  for  the  benefit  of  his  countrymen,  Colonel  Humphrey's 
address  to  the  American  army.  The  General,  too,  was  not  unacquainted 
with  the  principal  Incidents  tu  De  Ternay's  career." 


PART    VT. 


M.  BESTOIU'HKS  SUCCEEDS  TO   THE   fOMMAND. 

CALKN'IiRIRR  FRANCAI8.— LIST  OP  VESSELS  COMTOSISfi  THE 
WiLADROS,  AND  OP  OFPtCERS  ATTACHED  TO  EACH  VCS- 
I^EL. 

[mMEI^I ATKLV  upon  the  death  of  Admiral  De  Tonmy, 
M.  Desluiichfa,  lh«  senior  Captjiin  of  tlie  wiuatlron, 
assiinim)  roummnd.  Up  h*'U\  llie  rosiM-ft  and  contideiice  of 
nil  bis  officers.  Piior  lo  (he  Admiriil's  denth,  soveral  ves- 
sels were  added  to  the  squiidron.  Chfliiges  were  nlso  nuide 
iitnong  the  officers.  On  preceding  pnges,  the  nnnies  of  the 
princifNil  officers  of  the  French  land  forces  iire  given.  As  n 
coDiplement  of  these,  a  list  of  the  vessels  enniposing  the 
s^nadmn,  nnd  of  the  n»tnes  of  the  odJcers  attached  to  eiich, 
Ht  the  beginning  of  1781,  here  follows.  Il  is  eopicd  from  (be 
"  Caif/iJn'fr  Fraiieafg,"  of  thut  yenr,  printed  by  nulhorit} 
at  the  Royal  Marine  Press  in  Newport.*  * 

KTj|T>MA40R. 

U.  DiWTOrcnRli.  Drijcaillcr  de*  Aniu'u  ikivhImi,  OAiifinil. 
H.  Dk  (liuKciiAiM,  MaJiH-  charge  du  d^ull  g^ndiil. 

North  Aiiii-Hm.' tu  be  prlulcd  lbr4l>lrlbullniilohla  fHnedaln  Riini^,tiM  marvlhnn  halT 
•a  wlitcli  wii<  itD'iwii  lu  htivc  rractim  Id  (Vnliutloa.  The  *•  OtHmdHtr  nnrnfalt,-  U  now 
ntt,  Tlw  NiKpDrl  Mcrcttty  of  A|iril  Ifi,  IWl,  «ij»,  "  wr  bellrve  tbit*  ure  bill  Iwo  rnpkt 
prawrrrd."  Wliathvi  ili*  cniij  hi  tnj  fioMTwIoa  l«  o  thin),  Ibrir  Ufr  Doprt'Mvi  luvan*  of 
MwnnUitoc. 


ODB  FRENCH  ALLIES.  353 


Lt  .VefKutie,  de  14  canons. 

MU.  De  la  Vicomti  Cap.  en  second  da  G^niral. 
De  Beaupoll,  Lieutenant  de  valaseao. 
De  Chabot,  Wem. 
De  Kermorlal,  (dm, 
De  MouUdb,  idtm. 
Bill,  idem. 
Le  Cher,  de  Goeabrlant,  Enselgne  de  vaisseaD,  ftiiaaDt  foQctlon 

de  Soufi-Aide-Mf^or  de  rEscadre. 
d'Algremont,  ^m. 
Bertbelot,  Offlcler  aaxlllalre. 
Basalcre,  idem. 
Lemolne,  Htm. 
De  la  Garde.,  idem. 
Dellgay,  Garde  de  la  Marine,  faioaDt  les  fonctioDS  de  Sooa-aide- 

major  de  TEscaJre. 
Le  Cher,  de  la  Guerlvlere,  idem. 
De  Plgnlere,  ftlent. 

De  CombetU,  Capit.  commandant  le  D^tacbemout  de  Bresse. 

Le  Cher,  de  Monty,  Lieutenant. 

Le  Cber.  de  Coursay,  sous-Lleatenant. 

Le  Conquirant,  74  canoju, 

MM.  De  ta  Grandiere,  Capitalne  commandant. 
De  Cbeffontaine,  Capitalne  en  second. 
Dupuy,  Lieutenant  de  Valsdeau. 
Blessing,  idem. 

De  la  Jonqulere,  EDselgne  de  valsseau. 
De  Kergus,  idem. 
De  Macarty,  idem. 
De  Betlegarde,  idem. 
De  Bulssy,  idem. 
Cordier,  Offlcier  Auxillaire. 
Deahals,  idem. 
Gaesenec,  idem. 
MorasUn,  idem. 
Delivec,  Garde  de  la  Marine. 
De  Lourmel,  idem. 
De  Lelrltz,  idem. 

MM.  De  Laubanay,  Capit.  du  dgtachement  de  la  Sarre. 
De  Lamotte,  Lientenaut. 
De  Loyac,  Sous-Lleutcnant. 

45 


354  '  BHODB  I8LAin>  IS  THB  BBTOLUTION. 


L'EvfQU,  64  canons. 

HM.  Le  Gardeur  de  Tilly',  CipltiUne  commuidant. 
Le  Cber.  de  Beanvoir,  Lleotenaut  de  vatsseaa. 
Le  Cher,  de  Maslys  le  grand,  idem.  • 

De  Camas,  Enselgne  de  ralsseau. 
Dnpont  de  la  Roasaiere,  idem. 
Le  Gardeur  de  Till;,  idem. 
Uu  Coaedic,  idem. 
De  Kerblqnet,  ideta. 
Cost^s,  Offlcler  anzllialre. 
FoBtcI  de  la  YUlehoux,  idem. 
Fottler,  idem. 
Desperots,  idem.  ■ 
De  Valentin,  Garde  de  la  Marine. 

MU.De  Boqaemare,  Capltalne  da  d^tacbement  de  Bonrbon. 
De  HarsiUy,  Lleotenant. 

La  I'rovence,  64  canona. 

HH.  Delombard,  Capltalne  commandant. 
De  Mesnard,  Lluatenant  de  rtieseau. 
Pnk£,  idem. 

De  Garat,  Ifoselgae  de  Taissean. 
J>i  Bremoy,  idem.   ■ 
Tie  WatronvUle,  idem. 
Perreult,  OBlcier  anzllialre. 
DeTBchers,  idem. 
De  CoQtrepont,  idmi. 
Qiiesael,  idem. 

De  Fensentenyd  de  Kervereguen,  Garde  Marine. 
Desol  de  Grlsollcs,  idem. 

MM.  Le  Baron  d'Erff,  Capltalne  dn  d^tacbcmcnt  de  Rohan -Sonblse. 
Guardlc,  Lieutenant. 

Ije  Jamn,  64  canons, 

MM.  Dc  la  Clochetterlc,  Capltalne  commandant, 
Douvllle,  Lieutenant  de  valssean. 
Du  Trevoux,  idem. 

De  BolscbAte:iu,  Enseiiine  dc  valsseau. 
Duvlvlerde  Barnave,  idem. 
Larocbc  Keraiidraon,  idem. 
Basterot  de  la  Barriere,  Eusclgne  de  raUseau. 
Henin,  Offlcler  auxlllaire. 
Goyer,  idem. 


OUB    FRENCH  ALLIES.  S55 

FIgQot,  idem. 

FoHsart,  idem. 

De  Lavtllegouan,  Garde  de  la  Marine. 

De  Vemcs,  idem. 

MM.  De  Mlllerelte  Capit.  du  dgtacliemeot  de  ColouelG^n^ral. 
BessoD,  LieutenaDt. 

Le  Due  de  Bourgogtu;  80  canom. 

MM.  Le  Cher,  de  M^dlne,  Capltalne  commaDdant. 
De  L'Erondel,  Lloatenant  de  VaisBcau. 
Le  Comte  de  Capellis,  idem,   faisant  fonctlon  d'Alde-MaJor  de 

I'Escadrc. 
Le  Cher,  de  Koqucseull,  idem, 
De  Ferrlerea   idem. 
Deslogea,  Capltalne  de  BrAIot. 
Sannlcr,  Eoselgne  de  valsseau. 
De  St.  Vincent,  idem. 
De  Vlsdeloup,  idem. 
BulssoD,  Offlcler  auzlllaire. 
De  Vlllegrls,  idem. 
Pinquer,  idem. 
Douville,  idem. 

De  la  Kocheroucault,  Garde  de  la  Marine. 
De  la  Roche  St.  Andr^,  idem. 

Daverton,  Capltalne  du  dMachement  de  Colonel -Gfiniml. 

De  Snrvlllc,  Lieutenant  en  second. 

De  Lamotte,  idem. 

De  Tourvllle,  Sous-Lieutenant. 

L'Ardent,  04  canons. 

MM.  Le  Cher.  Berniird  de  Marlguy,  Caplt.  command. 
De  Launay-Ti'omelln,  Lieutenant  de  valsseau. 
De  la  Trancbade,  Enseigne  de  valsseau. 
Le  Cher,  de  St.  Pern,  idem. 
De  Tourville,  idem. 
I./e  Grolng  de  la  Romagere,  idem. 
Le  Vencur  do  Sieume,  idem. 
Dupuit,  Offlcler  auxlltairc. 
Mongon,  idem. 
Bourgeois,  idem. 
Lamolsse,  idem. 
De  Cheux,  Garde  Marine. 
I.e  Seige  de  VlUebnine,  idem. 

De  la  Plncoiinlcre,  Capltalne  du  d^tachement  de  Bourbon. 
Bonnifalx,  Sous-Lieutenant. 


850  BHODB  lUfAND  IN  THE  BBTOLUTIOK. 


La  Frigate  la  QttOit  d<  S2  eantnu. 

HH.  De  la  Vlllebnine,  C«plt  de  raissean.  Command. 
Le  Cher,  de  Boor,  Llenteoant  de  Valsaeaa. 
Btleone,  Ofllcler  aazlUairs. 
AlUot.  idem, 
De  Q0Q700,  idem. 
Kenienatue,  idem. 
Baisson,  idem. 

La  BuroeUIaiUe,  S3  canona. 

MH.  Le  Cher,  de  YllleiieQve-Cillard,  capitalne  de  rilssean,  commaa- 
dant. 
Ifiineaal  de  Quler,  Bnaelffne  de  raisseaa. 
BODDlec,  Offlcter  aasllialre. 
Le  Stear,  Offlder  aaxUUlre. 
Trancfaant,  Idem. 
Thlbaot,  idem. 
Scot,  Oarde  de  la  Marine. 
La  Soudiere,  idem. 

De  Rhia,  Ltentenant  an  Riglm.  de  Rohan-Soabiae. 
L'Sermioue,  S2  eanona. 

HU.  De  Iratoache,  Lleatenant  de  ralaseaa,  commaDd. 
Daqneaoe,  Lfeoteaant  de  Talaaeaa. 
Lacrolx  de  Tagoas,  Enselgne  de  Vaisaeao. 

Trola  Offlclera  aaxlllatres. 

La  Ouipe,  de  14  canons. 

Le  Cber.  de  Haalevrier,  Eneelgne  de  valsseau,  commandant. 
Ganot,  Offlcier  aazlllalre. 
Le  Gloanec,  idem. 

Le  Fantasque  de  24  eanone. 
HM.  Le  Cher,  de  VaudorS,  Lieutenant  de  trkgale,  commandant.  &e. 


OUR  FBENCH  AUJE8. 


857 


OPENING  OF  THE  YEAR   1781. 

WASHINGTON  DISAPPOINTED  BY  A   RETBOSPECTIVE  GLA27CB 
AT  TUB  PAST^ NAVAL  EXl'EDITIONS. 


^%  S  the  year  1780  drew  towards  a  close,  Wusbiiigton 
^^^  wrote,  in  review  :  "Disappointed  of  the  second  divis- 
ion of  French  troops,  liiit  more  e8i>eeially  in  the  expected 
naval  Biipcriorily,  whicli  was  tlie  pivot  upon  whit-h  every 
thing  turned,  we  have  heen  compelled  to  »pend  au  inactive 
campaign,  ufler  a  llHtloring  prospect  at  the  opening  of  it, 
and  vigorous  struggles  to  make  it  a  decisive  one  on  our 
part."  The  opening  of  ITfii]  did  not  l)righteu  his  words. 
In  a  letter  to  Sleshcch  Ware,  President  of  New  Hampshire, 
he  says : 

"The  »^^rftYAt4-d  cfllumltic^H  sod  distresses  that  havA  resulted  [to  the 
auldlors]  from  tbc  Uttul  wmit  of  pay  for  iwarly  twelro  montlu,  the  WRiit 
of  clothing  at «  Severn  ftenxoii,  nnd  not  unfhrquRiitly  the  want  of  prorts- 
liiiw,  «rc  Iwyond  dt^scriptioii I  give  It  decldedlj-  M  mj  opin- 
ion, that  It  in  rain  to  think  au  Hmiy  can  be  kept  tozether  m\KU  longer 
under  such  u  varluty  ureufTurlugs  tm  ours  lias  cxpcrlcoccil,  and  chat  aukss 
some  iinmeillHto  and  i^plrlted  nueasuren  are  adopted  to  forulsh  at  least 
three  months'  pay  to  th«  troopi^  In  money,  vrtilch  will  be  at  some  value  to 
them,  and  at  the  ntuac  time  ways  and  means  are  devised  to  clothe  nnd  feed 
tbcm  bettor  (more  re;!ularl>-  I  mean)  than  they  have  been,  Ui«  worst  that 
c*n  bcfiiU  ua  niiijr  bu  expected.** 

Money,  and  a  naval  force  that  would  insure  superiority  al 
sea,  were  two  pre»tiiiig  wantii  of  the  hour.  With  Uiese,  the 
war  could  he  made  to  take  a  vigorously  otfensive  form.  With- 
out them,  offensive  movements  would  he  constantly  embar- 
i-assed.  Hut  Washiugton,  after  "hoping  tigain»t  hope,"  vtaa 
watchful  of  llie  eiieuiy,  and  used  his  stinted  means  of  resist- 
ance according  to  the  dictates  of  a  comprehensive  judgment. 


85S 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLUTIOH. 


In  February,  I78I,  Gononil  Lafayette,  with  u  Ixidy  of 
twelve  hundred  mpn,  was  sent  to  Virginia,  to  act  in  conjunc- 
tion with  the  luenl  milUia,  and  with  a  naval  force  detached 
by  M.  Destourlics  from  his  Bquiidi-on.  to  operate  against  the 
eneniy  in  that  State.  This  delathmeut,  cotumanJed  by  M. 
Ue  Gardeur  de  Tilly,  consisted  of  the  Ba^faip  "  I'EveilliJ," 
sixty-four  jruns,  "laticntiMe,"  and  "la  Surveillnnte."  frigates, 
Captains  de  Villeneuve-Cillard  and  de  la  Villebrune,  and  the 
cutter  "GnOpe."  They  sailed  fmm  Newport,  February  9th, 
for  Chesnpcnke  Ba\',  where  they  arrived  on  the  18tb.  They 
drove  Arnold's  fleet  up  KlizabetJi  river,  took  u  sloop  with 
one  hundred  lmrr<;!s  of  flour,  etc.,  on  lioard  ;  the  privateer 
"  Earl  Cornwallis,"  of  sixteen  guns  and  fifty  men  ;  the  priva- 
teer "Revenge,"  of  twelve  guns  and  twenty  men,  with  three 
of  their  prinea ;  nlso  another  privateer  of  ei^ht  gnns  and 
twonty-five  men.  On  tho  19th,  they  sailed  in  pursuit  of 
two  vessels,  which  proved  to  bo  Ihc  Britlah  ship  "  Komulua," 
of  foi-ty-four  gtnw  and  two  hundred  attd  sixty  men,  Captain 
Gnyton,  and  n  Inrge  lirig,  haviug  on  board  one  hundred  and 
fifty-nine  Virginia  refugees,  with  their  effects,  bound  from 
Charleston  to  Virginia  to  re-establish  themselves  at  their  old 
habitations.  These  two  vessels  struck,  tjfter  tiring  only  one 
gun.  The  "  Romulus  "  had  £10,000  sterling  on  board,  with 
which  to  pay  Aniohr^;  troops,  and  aUo  a  quantity  of  cloth- 
ing. The  lirig  had  four  men  killed  from  the  fire  of  one  of 
the  frigulet-,  and  the  others  were  taken  out,  and  the  vessels 
bunit  with  all  the  eflecta.  On  the  3d  of  March  the  "rEvoillA" 
and  the  two  frigales  returned  to  Newport,  with  the  "  Romu- 
lus," having  sent  the  jirizcs  they  took  in  ^'irginia  to  a  safe 
port  in  tiiat  State,  under  the  care  of  General  Xelson.  The 
cutter,  which  parted  from  the  other  ships  iu  a  snow  stoiiD, 
the  night  Ihey  willed  from  Newport,  amved  safely  in  Phila- 
delphia, having  taken  and  carried  in  with  her  a  privateer 
brig  of  sixteen  guni*  and  two  ])rizus  she  had  in  eompany. 

The  vessels  driven  up  Klizabeth  river  to  nearwhero  Arnold 
was  entrenched  on  a  neck  of  land  were  the  "Charon,"  forty- 


OUB  PBEWCH  ALLIES. 


Sfi9 


four  guns;  "Thiimes/'lbirty-sixgHns  ;  "Arajjhitritc,"twentj-- 
sixgims;  "Hope,"  eigbtcen  guns  ;  "Loyalist, "sixtccngiina; 
"Itonetta,"  sixteen  guns;  "  Geneval  Monk,"  sixteen  guns; 
"  Vutciiii,"  Jirc-sliiji ;  with  tlie  "Comet"  iinil  tin;  "  Hu^jar," 
gatleys,  carrying  two  eighteen  poundei-s  each.  The  detach- 
ment returned  to  Newport  on  Monday,  March  2ijth. 

M.  Dcatouchcfi  was  earnestly  dcsirniis  of  o]>erating  against 
the  Knglisli  on  the  Penobscot.  A  fort  held  at  the  extremity " 
of  our  coast  gavo  protection  to  a  nest  of  "  corsairs  and 
pirat«8,"  that  preyed  iiijon  the  commerce  of  the  Atlantic 
cities,  and  he  was  strongly  ftolicitetl  i>y  mertbauts  to  attempt 
ita  destruction.  But  the  project  did  not  meet  the  appmval 
ofWashington,  who  considered  the  risk  as  not  warranted  by 
the  advantages  to  he  gained,  and  it  was  ahiindoncd.* 

The  success  of  thU  expedition,  under  M.  de  Tilly,  induced 
M.  Bestouches  to  engage  in  another  with  his  outiro  lleot. 
Accoi-dingly,  having  received  on  tKinrd  l,l.'i(i  men  fioni  the 
land  forces,  together  with  several  pieces  of  artillery  under 
the  command  of  Baron  Viomesnil,  he  set  sail  from  >i'ewport 
on  the  8lh  of  March,  and  on  the  14th  was  olT  {!ape  Charles. 
The  subsequent  everits  of  this  ex|>editlou  are  given  in  the 
words  of  a  report  apparently  otficial  :t 

"Th«  xotilli  wlnils,  wliicb  b1«w  very  liard,  did  nol  Jilluw  Uinci  [ttic  fleet] 
to  rlw  In  the  wind  so  ati  to  go  Into  Ciipe  Henry;  on  the  contrary,  thty 
Were  drove  tKmliwsrd.  mud  tucked  abuut  Lwu  ivhulc  duys.  0»  ttiu  Ifith, 
at  (Inybreuk,  the  wind  aUU  cuullnulng  to  blow  n-oni  the  humu  quarter,  but 
with  le^a  fon-e,  and  the  wt-allicr  foggy,  the  fleet  having  their  larboard 
tacks  aboard,  a  rrlgut*^  wiu  dUcovered  two  gunshots  to  n-lndwnrd.  The 
Admiral  mad^  .slprnal  Tor  ehiutln^,  but  n  mIioiI  time  urif  r,  many  Urge  aUps 
appeiirii));  thn>U|{h  the  fog.  he  did  nut  Id  the  leii«L  dotiliL  litil  the  ItrUi>h 
fleet  bud  got  InteLUKcncc,  by  some  CRemy  to  America,  of  Ids  K'^lng  out, 
apd  tliat  ilie  iiurih  and  uorlh-weitt  wlud^  fauvliiK  iiiiide  itiem  run  more 
largL"  thitti  the  Frpneti  fleet,  they  were  arrived  almost  ils  sonn  its  the 
Frenrh  on  thr  const  of  VlraiMin.  In  conBefiaonce  of  that  reflecttnn,  he 
csllcti  back  the  ihiue.  and  the  wind  hhining  to  tJie  iiurtli-ctist  lu  the  Hame 
Instant,  he  made  nI^iniI  Io  form  the  line,  wltli  the  larboard  tackn  aboard. 
The  Itritish  fk-el  wnjt  then  two  lesguee  oO*  to  the  southtvatd,  steering  tli« 


*  Menurtn  of  BoeluuubMu,  I.,  p.  9W. 


T  ITortdenee  Uawile,  AfvU  7.  ITSt. 


360 


RHODE  ISLAND  IS  THE  REVOLUTIOy. 


siiine  cottno.  Ai  9  o'clock,  tbe  French  fleet  wore  ronnd  nltcMl  by  tbe 
counter-niarch;  half  an  hour  sfttT.  tliv  Britlttli  dkl  tlic  satnt-.  At  bairmftvc 
10.  Uic  Admiral  seeing  that  tho  wlnil  lacrenged.  and  that  he  was  approtcb- 
lag  tlie  shallows  on  Ibn  north  coast  of  Vlrf^tnla,  miMlt*  nlpial  to  tAk«  tbe 
larboard  tAcks  Rboard.  xod  to  wear  round  before  tbv  wind  by  coonter- 
inarch.  The  Hievnller  Dtr^ttonctuiH  wuh  cormcIou!!  thai  not  bavtnx  S^t 
Into  Lhv  OhMspeskv  l>erQro  the  enemy,  blf  «x|K-diilon  iximUI  not  take  plac«; 
bv  knew  It  was  Impoeiiible  to  land  bis  troops  even  from  thv  in<*ii-nr>war 
tiudcT  thv  lire  of  a  supvriur  fiL-et;  lih  only  care  was  for  the  Klorj  of  ttw 
iLraiJs  of  his  Kln^.  without  cndnngerlug  hLs  Hect. 

"  The  ooemy  taking  advantjige  of  their  superiority  iu  ttuillnii;  aud  force, 
continued  to  rl«o  In  thi?  wind,  crowding  a  gntat  deal  of  siiil.  and  having 
their  starboard  tacks  a.board.  At  noon,  they  wore  in  the  French  fleet's 
wake;  a  llUle  before  one.  ihelr  von  approached  within  half*  league  of  the 
rear  of  the  Fr«ticti  line,  and  tli«y  sutnued  lu  have  a  mind  to  attack  to  tbe 
leeward.  Till  Ibcn  the  Chevalier  Dcttonchen  had  worked  hi!i  bhlps  so  as 
neither  to  iivold  nor  Hcek  the  en2:agempnt.  bccRiiHe  he  w««  croiisclous  that 
even  the  happiest  l«i»ue  of  It  wontd  hinder  him  from  nilfllLIng  hU  principal 
object;  Init  tin-  honor  of  the  Kln)t'!t  nrnm  which  he  niiist  sustain  before 
Amedcfl,  would  not  let  hini  kIvh  room  for  the  Uritinh  to  botixt  that  they 
bad  pursned  liUu,  even  wUh  a  tuperlor  force,  and  be  took  tho  rcitolution 
of  Rtuickins  hlinocir,  by  filing  on  their  van,  wcariuu  round  by  a  counter- 
march, and  fighting  them  on  opposite  Uckn.  to  leeward,  that  bis  eblps 
might  wilh  facility  make  use  of  their  lower  deck  guns. 

"At  1  o'clock,  the  headmost  ship  of  the  l-'rcnrh  line  waa  within  gunshot 
of  thrt  beadtnuxt  »hlp  of  the  enpniy.  »nd  a  frvi  inltiulcs  after,  the  enj;af;c- 
ment  began.  Tbe  van  of  the  Drltldh  fleet  fell  to  leewitrd,  ami  the  van  of 
tbe  French  fleet  did  the  suuie,  to  kcvp  up  wilh  Che  enemy,  so  that  llieae 
Iwu  partu  of  the  fleet  fonnht  for  some  time,  ruuulug  bcAiru  (he  wind.  A 
llltle  before  2  o'clock,  the  Admiral  seeing  that  the  maneurer  of  the  BHlleh 
\im  did  not  allow  It  to  nm  more  to  leeward,  made  hU  fleet  hanl  In  the 
wind,  with  larboard  tiirks  aboard,  by  a  succe^slvf:  motion,  which  rnada  his 
whole  Ihir  tlli;  olT  tipon  the  vun  of  tho  enemy ;  thlH  niatieuver  had  a  com- 
plete success.  The  foreinodt  ship  hud  scarcely  borne  the  iirc  of  the  fifth 
Fn-Qch  ship,  wlieu  she  fel]  to  leeward,  took  lltu  wlud  on  her  starboard 
^lilc,  and  left  the  IJuc.  accompanied  by  a  frlRnU'  wljlcb  came  to  her  relief. 
However,  the  rear  of  the  British  fleet  had  kept  to  windward,  and  was 
near  enough  to  fight  the  French  rear,  whilst  it  wa^  making  a  tnollon 
U3  get  in  wake  of  the  head  of  the  lino.  The  attack  of  the  enemy's  van 
did  very  litiio  damage  to  tbe  ships  that  sustnlntHl  it,  lliou^lt  the  'Con- 
qu^rnut' BuCfercd  cousldenibly ;  Imvina  fought  with  the  British  van,  she 
eustalQcd  all  the  Are  of  their  ceutn^;  vhc  etspeeiully  fo^^ht  with  a  three- 
decker,  whose  loss  of  her  maln-topsall  yuhl,  and  of  (frimt  part  of  hor 
tackling,  compensated  the  dfimagc  she  bnd  done  to  the  '  UonqutTnnt.'  At 
a  (jutirter  before  3.  the  flrlns  havlug  ceased  on  both  sides,  and  the  French 
fleet  bcln{{  ahuad,  and  to  leeward  of  the  Brlti»h,  the  Admiral  made  algaal 


OUR  VKENCH  ALLIBS. 


361 


to  Tor m  the  tliic  proiiiIiiriiDu«1>',  Inrbonrd  tacks  aboard;  Id  ft  *lion  time 
this  was  (loiif,  and  thv  tti-i*t  run  untlcr  smnll  sail,  tci  vspvclatloti  the  cntmy 
wouIO  attuck  asecoud  time.  Tlic  Admiral  tlii-ii  propowd  to  wear  round 
mil,!  AiIl  upon  th«lr  van,  but  the  enemy  )ind  bucu  aa  111  used  In  tboir  llr»t 
encouiitvr  ihal  they  did  not  thlnh  It  pnidc-ni  to  rxposc  ihcmsi-lces  \o  a  sec- 
Olid,  nnd  darini;  the  ruH  a(  tlic  dny  tlioy  kept  to  the  wlndwartl  andastcrEi, 
tvlthoiit  laklny  advoitl-igc  oflLcir  »up«riorilyin  sailing  lo  rciiow  the  flglil. 
In  llic  bc^intiii]^  of  the  iifclit  tIiufn«no'*  Acet  Tell  to  leeward,  and  the 
Frcucli  duel  uoiitinui'd  Lw  run  tu  tli«  south-eiist  witli  very  lillle  &aU,  *nd 
all  tli«lr  llgbts  bung  out. 

'*The  next  itiiy  llio  ciiutny  were-  nol   lo  be  bvl-ii:   nud  the  ClicvcUler 
Destoiicbcs,  though  tho  advuntftgo  was  on  hla  sldn,  was  obliged  to  rvuounofl 
■  his  hopes  of  unecortng  Virginia,  and  In  conscriucneo  steered  Iflwards  New- 
port to  repair  bia  slilpa  thai  Lad  been  damaged,  and  to  put  th.cm  In  a  con- 
dition of  Hitdvrlaking  nuw  operations." 

The  report,  in  conclusion,  says : 

"Tooinuch  praise  cannot  be  given  lo  the  Intrepid  flrtnneaa  shown  by 
the  CaptahH.  officers,  crews  and  troops.  Their  courage  more  than  cotm-, 
terlinlanctd  tin*  ntiinber  and  HujitTlur  NtrciiKtli  of  the  enemy'M  ships;  and 
the  expedition  wnnld  hnvc  been  KULccHsriil.  had  It  been  depending  on  the 
>upcriorHy  of  courage.  Tlic  luss  of  the  first  amounts  lo  eighty  men 
killed,  or  dend  of  their  nuund».  ftiid  one  hundred  uud  twenty  wounded. 
Among  the  llrsl  are  sincerely  to  be  liimentoil  Mon^lmir  IX<  ChufTuuUlne, 
Captain  of  the  navy,  and  Monsieur  D»  Kcrgn,  Ensign."* 

The  Frenuli  fleet  with  the  exception  of  the  "Ga^po  "  and 
the  "Hermionc"  nrrived  at  Newport  Mitrch  2tUh.  The 
"  Gii^po  "  WHS  lost  off  Cape  Charles,  but  her  commander,  the 


'niKiicu  tLxt.j  IS  i>Hi.Kii  or  uattlk. 


MI1T1SII  1'l.XlCT  U  UUUUI  OT  KATTLK. 


Tbs  Conqotrmnr, 

7i 

Lwdoo. 

. 

M 

IbeJuon, 

.     IN 

HoHOak, 

. 

.   n 

Hi*  Arilrnt, 

01 

TtobuM,  - 

. 

7* 

Tlia  Due  <\ii  Uouricopio,  ■ 

■      SO 

ItedRird. 

, 

•     7* 

tbetivptuiu;   ■ 

H 

Burapp,  • 

. 

M 

'ni«KciRiulii*,I^i|[»te,      ■ 

-     M 

Ainvriea, 

. 

•  « 

•me  t>mu.    . 

IH 

I'rudrnI, 

. 

M 

Tte  rn>»iicv. 

•     M 

Adamatit,   . 

. 

■   « 

OUT  ur  LinK. 

Ol'I  or  LI!IK. 

Tbcllennlonc 

33 

1  Mjtale.  tlionxlil  to  Im 

41 

Tile  Faultuiiur  I'lnk,        • 

.  n 

trr1)is(c. 

. 

*      OoffSc 

1  (rlnBic. 

. 

«or3i 

44 


IKS 


«M 


86S 


RHODE  ISLAITD  TS  THE  BEVOLCTION. 


Chevalier  de  MBuIevrier,  and  all  her  crew  were  saved.  The 
"  Hermione,"  after  going  to  I^iladelphia,  di-oppod  anchor  in 
Newport  hiirlwr,  April  13th,  and  the  next  day  eleven  of  her 
crew  were  drowued  by  the  sinking  of  a  deeply-laden  boat. 


WASHINGTON  AT  NEWPORT. 

ma  BBTEPTION.-A  ORANI)  BALL-HE  DANCES  WlTn  MTSS 
CHAMfLlN.-ENrEBTAIXMKNTS.-OVATIOXS  OS  HIS  RETl'RX 
JOUBKEr.-KECEPriON  TS  PROVIDENCK.— FRENCH  OPINIONS. 

fHE  etli  day  of  Mareh,  1781,  unusual  excitement  pre- 
vailed in  Kewjwrt.  This  was  occasioned  by  the  arri- 
val of  Geneml  Washington,  accompanied  by  two  membora 
of  his  staff, — Colonels  ITtiniilton  and  Ilnmphrcys, — and 
other  distinguished  officers.  He  set  out  from  his  headquais 
lers  at  New  Windsor  March  2d,  and  occupied  four  days  in 
the  journey.  One  object  contemplated  in  this  visit  was  to 
consult  with  Generul  Rochauibcau  on  military  atl'iiirs ;  and 
another  was,  probably,  to  hasten  the  departure  of  the  naval 
expedition  under  M.  Destouches,  which  sailed  two  days  after 
his  arrival.  He  crossed  over  from  the  mainland,  by  Conani- 
cut  Ferry,  in  the  Admiral's  barge,  and  after  paying  his 
respects  to  M.  Destouches  on  board  the  "D\io  do  Bour- 
gognc,"  where  all  the  French  Generals  not  absent  from,  the 
army  were  assembled,  he  landed  at  long  whurf,  under  a 
Balute  of  cannon  from  the  French  fleet.  At  the  whai-f,  he 
was  received  by  the  anny  of  the  alUcs,  drawn  up  in  double 
lines  extending  to  Iho  State  House,  and  fi-oni  thence  to  the 
headquiirtora  of  General  Rochambeau.  lictween  these  lines 
Washington  M-alkeJ,  with  the  French  Comiuondcr-in-Cbief 
on  his  left,  followed  by  a  procession  composed  of  the  subor- 
dinate commanders.  An  eye  witness*  thus  describes  the 
acene : 

■  lIunDnble  Uimld  Updike. 


OUB  FRENCH  AXLIES. 


363 


•'  I  never  fclt  the  solid  enrth  trtrmblc  oiider  me  before.  The  firing  from 
th«  French  sliips  that  Uocd  the  hurbor  v^as  trcmcndouH ;  It  witi  one  con- 
tinued roar,  ami  louked  as  thongli  ttie  very  bay  was  on  Are.  Washitigton. 
as  you  know,  wim  n  Marshal  of  Frnoct*:  hti  could  not  coniniand  the 
Krcncli  army  without  being  Inretttcd  witb  that  title.  Uq  won  on  this 
day  the  luslgnlit  of  M»  oHlcc,  »ni1  wnx  received  with  all  ihu  honors  dae  to 
one  Id  that  capacity.  It  Is  known  that  matiy  of  llio  flower  of  the 
French  nobility  were  nombert'd  In  the  nrmy  thnt  octecl  In  nnr  deftiice. 
Never  will  that  scene  be  crn&ed  from  my  memory.  The  altitudt*  of  the 
noblea,  their  dccii  obelDiince,  tbo  lifViniC;  oT  baUi  and  rap*,  the  waving  or 
st^indiirds,  the  sea  of  plumes,  the  lonj;  lloe  of  French  Mildlera,  nnd  tht? 
Kcneral  dlsiiio^Rloti  of  ilii'lr  amid,  tin ii|iia  to  U!i,  srpftrntluK  to  the  ri^ht 
and  lull,  the  Chief,  with  CotLnt  KoehAmbeau  on  hiii  k-rt,  unbonnetcd, 
walked  through.  The  French  nobles,  commandera,  and  their  under  olB- 
cem.  fbllowcd  in  the  rear.  C'otint  Rochnmbeau  vrsin  n  small,  kri-n-lwikln]^ 
roan,  not  hnodiiome  a.*  wng  bis  son,  afterwards  Oovernor  of  Martinique. 
A  Prussian  Buron  aud  u  I'ollfih  Count,  ofnccrs  of  liish  slandlos  in  the 
irniy,  walked  next.  But  the  resplendent  benuty  of  the  two  Vlumetjiilt» 
eclipsed  all  the  rest.  They  w<yc  brothers,  nnd  one  of  them  m  General  In 
theftrmy,  who  bore  tht:  llUe  of  Count,  loo.  Newport  never  saw  ony  thing 
so  handsome  OS  theve  twn  brother)).  1  thon^ht,  ax  the  bn>ezc  lifted  the 
sblning  curls  from  the  fair  forehead  of  the  vhlcr  Vionie-ntiil,  mid  discov- 
ered tiie  sparkllUR  eyes,  and  bloomlnt!  elieeks,  and  wonderniily  I1n« 
month,  that  nothing  could  surpass  hliSt  but  when  I  looked  at  bin  brother, 
I  wsa  puzzled  to  telt  which  was  the  handsomest.  Both  were  of  com- 
miiniliii£  height  snd  well  proportioned,  ns  wero  very  many  of  those  who 
■ccomponied  them. 

*'  But  we,  tlic  poptilaco,  wcrs  the  only  ones  that  looked  at  them,  for  the 
eye  of  every  Frenchman  was  directed  to  Wnshlnuton.  Calm  and  unmoved 
by  all  the  honors  ihuC  surrouuded  him,  the  voIt:e  of  adiitatiou  or  the  din 
of  battle  Itud  never  dhiturbed  the  equanimity  of  hlB  dcpurliueDl.  There 
were  other  oillcers  of  Inferior  grade  too  that  followed,  anil  1  afterwards 
Mfr  tliem  on  horseback,  but  they  did  not  sit  on  a  horse  like  Wnahington. 
The  rooft  and  windows  of  every  hnnse  in  sight  were  micd  with  the  ntlr 
port  of  creation ;  and  oh !  the  Haltering  of  bandkerchlent,  nnd  showing  of 
ftivors !    It  was  a  proud  day  tor  Newport.*" 


The  pmcosaion  paused  at  the  State  House,  after  which 
Washington  was  escorted  to  the  headqnflrters  of  his  distin- 
guished host,  whoso  guest  he  continued  to  be  while  he 
rcmaiTied  in  the  town. 

The  presence  of  Washington  in  Xewport  was  the  signal 
for  a  succession  of  public  and  private  festivities,  and  nothing 
wns  otuitted  that  could  contribute  to  the  pleasure  of  the  ditn 


864  nnoDB  island  ra  tiik  revoi-vtion. 

tinguished  guest.  A  review  of  the  troops  wna  ordered,  who 
Appeared  in  new  unifomiji,  and  made  a  brilliant  display. 
The  line  extended  from  "Townseud'H  curner,"  or  the  corner 
of  Pelham  street,  in  Newport,  to  "two  mile  corner,"  out  of 
town.  Along  this  line  rode  M'asbington  «n<l  Roohambeau, 
with  their  respective  Htiiffci,  gnitlHcd  witli  its  cxnet  soldierly 
bearing.* 

'■  In  the  c»fiiliig  of  llie  rtjiy  that  \Vn.<)tiiiigton  arrived,  the  town  ami  floec 
In  LhL-  harbor  wore  beniiiiniHy  illomlnuti-d.  At  tlmt  tlioi-  compnratlrclj 
few  were  ahle  to  tnko  pnrt  in  the  joyftil  ctrt^mony;  but  Ihut  all  tihould 
»hnrc  In  tb*  bouom  ])al(l  to  *o  dlelitiKuislirLl  a  vIt=Uor.  tli«  Town  Conncll 
ordered  tlint  caudles  ahouUl  he  [>urcbn.'<M  antl  given  lo  all  who  wirrc  loo 
much  distressed  through  continued  losses,  to  purchase  for  themselven.  »« 
tbat  every  liouni;  (tlioold  show  a  Hgtit.  The  prorMiilon  was  led  off  by 
llilrty  boys,  brtiring  c.<(nd](r<)  n«.?il  im  stiff*,  fnlhiwixl  by  General  Wash- 
ington, Connt  HmliJimhi'nii,  and  the-  nltiur  otilcprs,  their  iilda,  ami  th<; 
proceftNioii  of  citizens.  The  nlftlit  wns  clear,  and  there  was  not  a  brralb 
lo  flin  llic  torches.  The  hrilllaui  pruceselou  marched  thruURh  the  princi- 
pal streets,  and  llieu  rt'lumcd  to  the  hcndfjunrtern.  On  reaching  Ibo  door, 
Wwblugtou  wattud  on  the  atep  tintll  atl  the  onicor.«  and  iheir  n-lends  had 
•ntircd  the  house;  llien,  turtilQg  to  the  torcb-bearcra,  he  tlmnknl  them  for 
their  ntlentloi].    This  was  glory  enoiigli  for  the  yonng  patriots. 

"An  anecdote  Is  related  of  Wafttdnglnii  nt  IhU  time.  A  little  boy  had 
heard  so  nincli  of  Washington  that  he  conceived  a  strong  desire  lo  i*oc 
him.  Hisnither,  to  gratlO'  his  wifh,  lifted  him  tu  bis  arms  and  iipproacheil 
an  open  window,  near  which  Wasblngtou  stood,  whom  he  pointed  oDt. 
The  child  wiu  amazctl,  and  cxclalinod  aloud.  '  Why,  Either.  GcncnU  Wash- 
ington In  a  man ; '  It  rpftched  the  ear  of  the  hero,  who  turned  ronnd  and 
Hnid,  (18  lie  patted  the  boy  on  the  head,  'Yes,  my  lad,  and  nothing  but  a 
mnn."'t 

The  following  morning,  a  coniniitlee  of  the  town,  consiat- 
mg  of  Christopher  Kllerv,  A\'illiani  Chnnning,  Williiim  Tag- 
giirt  uikI  Sotonioi)  l^oiithwick,  wniled  upon  Washington,  nnd 
in  behalf  of  tiie  inhnhitanls,  presented  him  with  a  congratu- 
latory address.      "  Iliippily  giiided,"   they  eaid,   "  by   the 

*  Tb^  imifuim  of  Iho  Hattrioiinol*  vrtu  \>\aek  anit  ttiI,  anit  tlial  at  llw  Jtegal  Druz-lhidM 
wliltr.  Tlip  Sriinlongt  Wore  wtiko  bIkI  sn-i-n.  and  lbs  S:atiM"uat*  irw  dllliag«[*linj  bj 
tluAng*  ill  pink,  (trenitdlvr  tap*  ornaiDMitrd  wRb  |>lak,  and  plumM.     The  arttUcrr  won 

Iihj*-.  wlrti  r«l  fm-Jiiir*. 
I  .\iTii]iOTiIlliulnilc4,  pp.  3tv3r. 


Oim  FRENCIT  AT-t-rES. 


365 


Supreme  Director  of  llie  Aineiican  CoimciU,  Your  Excel- 
lency vras  placed  at  the  hcjic!  of  I  he  nrniios;  our  gratitude 
is  greatly  due  to  Heaven  for  tho  protection  of  Voiir  Excd- 
lency's  pei'son  IhroujrU  «ll  thoBc  scones  of  danger  and  enter- 
prise incident  to  war,  and  wbicb  Your  Excellency  has 
fiustained  with  pfltrintisni  and  fortitude  uii  para  lie  led  in  the 
page  of  history."  "Sutler  us  iiure,  Sir,"  lliuy added  in  con- 
clusion, "  beciuiso  we  know  it  must  jpve  Your  Exi'el!ency  » 
most  sensible  pleasure,  to  express  the  happiness  this  town 
has  enjoyed  with  the  army  and  fleet  of  our  illustrious  ally, 
who  have,  tiy  the  wisdom  and  pnidenco  of  their  conimnnd- 
«n}f  88  well  OS  their  own  most  zonloim  inclinations,  allied 
themselves  to  us,  not  as  soldiers  only,  l)iil  as  friends  and 
citizens.  Armed  with  a  most  righteous  cause, —  engaged 
for  all  that  men  hold  most  dear,— what  blessings  may  not 
America,  under  the  auspices  of  a  kind  and  overruling 
Providence,  be  led  to  expect  from  (lie  future  exertions  of 
Yoiir  Excellency,  tho  military  ^rdor  of  the  .Vuierican  troops, 
and  an  array  and  fleet  of  a  most  generous  and  magnnninious 
ally,  thirsting  for  glory,  and  eager  to  bleed  in  tho  cause  of 
liberty  and  rnankind." 

To  this  address  General  Washington  returned  an  appro- 
priate answer,  acknowledging,  "with  peculiar  satisfaction, 
the  expressions  of  esteem  and  attachment  that  had  mani- 
fested themselves  in  the  citizens  of  this  ancient  town." 
"My  hap]>ines8,"  he  said,  "is  complete  in  the  moment  that 
unites  the  expressions  of  their  sentiments  for  me  with  their 
sutfrages  in  favor  of  our  allies.  The  conduct  of  the  IVcnch 
army  and  fleet,  of  which  the  inhabitants  testify  so  grate- 
ful and  so  aflTectionate  a  sense,  at  tlie  same  time  that  it 
evinces  the  wisdom  of  the  commanders  and  the  discipline  of 
the  troops,  is  a  new  proof  of  the  magnanimity  cif  the  nation. 
It  is  a  further  demonstration  of  that  generous  zeal  and  cod- 
cem  for  the  happiness  of  America,  which  broiiglit  them  to 
our  assistance,  a  happy  presage  of  future  harmony— tt 
pleasing  evidence   that  an    intercourse   between    the  two 


^ 


366 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTIOy. 


nations  will  more  and  m<ire  cement  the  tmion  by  the  solid 
and  lasting  lies  of  mntnal  offcction." 

In  (ho  evening,  a  ball  was  given  at  Mrs.  Cowley's  Assem- 
bly Kuuni,  gracr<l  with  llio  prpseiu'c  of  the  most  fashionable 
fauiitica  of  the  town  and  of  many  of  the  gny  French  otficcre.* 
By  request,  M''nshinfrtoD  ojKncd  the  ball.  For  a  partner, 
he  selected  Miss  Margaret  Champlin,  nidinnt  with  the 
charms  of  beauty  and  of  culture. |  Keqnesting  her  to  select 
the  dance,  she  named  "A  successful  cumpnij^,"  a  popular 
dance  of  the  day.  In  this  selection  there  was  ii  signific^nee 
that  delighted  the  French  oflieei-s  present.  They  saw  in  it 
Misfl  Clmmplin's  success  in  fining,  amidst  an  assemblage  of 
Iveautiful  womeu,  the  first  choice  of  the  American  Chief, 
and  with  characteristic  euthusiasm  and  gidlantry  seized  the 
instruments  of  the  musicians  and  played  in  their  stead. 
The  sensation  of  the  occasion  did  not  pass  aMny  with  the 
hour.  It  made  a  permanent  impression  on  Newport  smji- 
ety,  and  while  n  multitude  of  interesting  incidents  has 
passed  into  oblivion,  the  story  of  the  stntely  minuet  led  ofl' 
by  Washington  and  Miss  Champlin  siimvos. 

Among  the  social  courtesies  accorded  to  the  General  was 
a  tea  party,  given  by  Mr.  Christopher  Ellery,  at  which  a 
nuntber  of  French  officers  and  proTainent  citizens  of  New- 
port was  present.  Mr.  Kllery  being  then  a  widower,  his 
daughter,  Miss  Hetsey,  a  young  woman  of  beauty  and  refine- 
ment, presided  at  the  table.  She  was  sutlering  from  a 
severe  cold,  and  could  8c«rt«Iy  speak  above  a  whisper.  The 
General,  noticing  her  condition,  said  to  her  that  he  was  fre- 
quently tmubled  with  a  sore  throiU,  and  applied  a  remedy 
which  he  foiuid  very  benelicial.  This  he  would  recommend 
to  her,  were  he  not  sure  she  would  decline  to  t^ke  it.      To 

•"HrK.UarjCowItj'UTrdunChurcbatrMit,  and  tlKm  kept  m  public  hatl.  In  whlcliw«t« 
h«til  lliow  ilvllgbirui  eewruUUDniti  lluii  mere  glTta  ikirlni  tin  tine  Ui«  French  wer*  db 
ttif  UlftDil.  w)i*n  WuliliiBlMt  ftnd  lEix-luiinliMii.  and  ths  jomg  FkiwH  oAmfti  danoed 
with  ilir  Jotrl/  glrla  Nnd  dMiw*  of  Nt-wjiort.  Whni  tho  Drhlab  trnv  llwrp.  tt  mu  eaUei 
tttt  •  Crswii  ivtltt  Hmuv."'—"JiuUne<:t,''  (h  Prorldne*  Journal,  ifarcA  Q,  188V. 


368 


RHODE  ISLAND  IX  THK  REVOLt'TION. 


sea.  It  has  cured  me  often."  The  remedy  was  t4ikeiu  and 
a  cure  was  effected.  Miss  Bet*ey  Ellen.'  became  the  wife  of 
Mr.  Samuel  Vernon,  iin  eminent  nierclmiit  of  Newport.* 
She  died  in  her  nntivc  town  a  few  days  hcfnro  the  ninety- 
third  anniversary  of  her  birth.  She  delighted  in  relating  to 
her  children  and  grandchildren  "the  trials  nf  the  patriotic 
sons  and  daughters  of  N'ewpoil,  who  were  exiles  during  the 
Drilish  occupation  r>f  the  town."f 

According  to  tradition,  Mr.  Mctejilf  lioMier,  a  wealthy 
Elflst  India  merchant,  gave  a  select  dinner  party  in  honor  of 
the  Cicnend.  Amoiiir  the  quests  M'ere  General  Koehambeau 
and  other  French  officers,  the  lion.  William  Kllcry,  the 
Kev.  Samuel  Hopkins,  D.  D.,  aod  the  Rev.  Ezra  Stilea, 
D.  I>.  Mr.  H<jwler  hiiJ  caused  lo  he  prepared  for  the  occa- 
sion a  doicen  bottles  of  cider  made  from  the  sunny-side  half 
of  mellow  Rhode  Island  Greenings,  which  he  labeled  "Eden 
Champagne."  This,  with  two  of  the  best  brands  of  French 
Champagne  he  placed  before  his  gxiest?,  i-eqiiesting  their 
opinion  of  the  nient-s  of  each.  The  palm  wsis  accorded  lo 
the  "Eden  Champagne."  When  the  fact  came  to  be 
revealed,  that  Ihe  delicious  bevemgc.  which  the  French 
gentlemen  declared  "  could  be  no  other  llian  the  fabled 
nectar  of  the  gods,"  was  simply  Rhode  Island  Eden-green- 
ing cider.  Dr.  Hopkins  "was  heard  to  remark,  that  he  should 
always  henceforth  liavc  more  charity  for  Mother  Eve's 
unfortunate  slip  !"J 

In  the  war  with  France  and  Spain,  from  li.^Gto  17G3,Mr. 
Bowler  was  actively  engaged  with  the  Malboncs,  Wuntons 


•Ante,  pp.  J2ir,  207. 

rNcwporl  (.'orrvKpouJcDt  of  rravldcnm  Jounutl,  XovcrabtY  I,  leD.  The  imndiMkttl. 
nny  tittilr  — ■  nUc  of  iljr  Uri'tiltitlon  — at  vrlilrli  llie  tHatlngiiUhMl  cotrrtv  Ml,  WM  fffr 
iHiiiii»il  by  Sin.  ;Hlli'iy>  Vt>rnoii  lo  liir  loD,  Dr.  Thomai  Vamon,  trbd  lo  tntn  gare  It  lO  Ma 
■on,  Mr.  Jolin  W.  Vernon,  IM  prrirui  oimcf. 

tNFWtKirtMi.-iairy.Juiin2x.lh7V.  Ur.  Ilonli-T  rrprrKnlnd  .Vcitport  In  Ui«  KliMlfr  liluiil 
Gonvrat  AiiriDbtj,  niid  In  i;<H  wiu  •  rommlwlaiKir  lo  tho  Congroii  held  iu  Saw  Vork. 
lulTiShlwwu  Judfs  oftlir  MiptTRiv  Court,  and  ttlUrllio  iwacr,  ho  Kmornil  W  fnnl- 


OUE    FBENCn   ALLIES. 


3fi9 


and  V'ornons  in  privateering.  The  "  Vomon  House,"*  the 
hcfldqu alters  of  Roehambeau  and  of  Washington,  ia  under- 
stood to  liavti  been  biiill  by  liini.  Bolides  his  town  resi- 
dent*, be  owned  one  in  Porlsiuotilli,  which  ho  oeciipicd 
during  the  summer  months,  and  where  he  dti^pensed  a 
princely  hospitality.  His  grounds  were  extensive,  and  were 
beautified  witli  exotics  from  all  purts  of  the  world. 

Waghingtoii  ivumined  in  Newport  until  March  13tli,  when, 
having  completed  his  business  with  General  HQehnmbpau.hc 
act  out  on  his  return  to  New  Windsor.  The  town  was  early 
jistir  to  lender  parting  respects,  and  from  the  French  army, 
drawn  up  in  line,  he  received,  ns  he  passed,  the  highest  mil- 
itary honors,  including  a  salute  of  thirteen  guns  fmm  the 
artillery.  General  Kot-hnmboiui  accompanied  him  ti  short 
distance  out  of  the  town.wljlle  the  American  General  Howe, 
Count  DunniH,  ami  other  French  ofGccrs  of  distinction, 
attended  him  to  Providence.  Middletnwn,  Portsmouth. 
and  the  hamlets  along  the  roiid  turned  out  their  populations 
to  gaze  upon  the  noble  form  and  features  of  one  who,  ciuhl 
years  later,  became,  by  the  uuMnJmous  suiriage*  of  his  coun- 
trymen, the  tiuprcme  ruler  of  tlie  nalion  wliieli  his  patriotism 
had  ao  largely  aided  in  08t:ihli.shing.  It  was  to  them  a  "red 
letter  day,"  and  the  memory  of  it,  tlu-ongli  after  life,  was 
held  as  one  of  their  most  cherished  recotlut'tions. 

At  Bristol,  the  Geuf^ral  received  an  enthusiastic  welcome, 
A  cavalcade  of  citizens  met  him  at  the  ferry  and  escorted 
him  into  the  village,  where  be  was  further  honored  with  a 
salute  of  cannon.  "  When,"  sa}**  the  author  of  the  ".Vnnnis 
of  Bristol,"  "  he  pussed  Hradfoi'd  str<!et,  the  inhatiitants,  clad 
in  their  best  apparel,  .stood  upon  cither  siile  of  the  street, 
being  divided  according  to  their  sv\,  and  tin  he  passed, 
showed  Iheir  respect  for  him  by  strewing  hifi  palh  with  flow- 
ers, evergreens,  etc.,  accompanied  with  highest  marks  of 
civility.     When  Washington  reached  the  bridge,  he  turned 


•Jt-Qic,  II.  zisi^ 


47 


370 


RnOPE  ISI^ND    IK    THE    KKVOLUTION. 


to  the  inhabitants  and  fuldresgod  them  in  a  brief  but  ctu- 
(jiiunL  ttmnner,  i-etiirning  tlianks  for  the  kindiiciuiimd  civility 
which  had  been  shown  him."  According  to  the  same  writer, 
the  widow  of  the  Uev.  Joha  Binl,  pastor  of  tho  CongregA- 
tional  church  in  Bristol  from  1741  to  1775,  wisliing  to 
impress  upon  tho  oiiuds  of  the  pupils  of  her  school  the 
orcnt  hero  described}  i-cquired  them  to  commit  to  memory 
the  following  linea : 

"In  Kveuleen  hundred  and  eiglily-OD«, 
I  8«iT  GcDi-nil  WiwUliigtop." 

Slowly  the  dititinguished  party  pursued  its  wny,  recoiving 
nt  Warren  and  along  the  entire  route  grstifying  cxpreRsiona 
of  respect.  It  was  night  bofoi-c  the  Cieiieral  reached  Provi- 
dence. Hero  ho  found  the  entire  population  assembled  to 
greet  him.  He  was  met  at  the  lower  feny  by  a  number  of  the 
leading  citizens  of  the  town,  and  was  escorted  to  the  houso 
of  the  Hon.  Jabez  Bowen.  Children  partook  of  the  spirit 
of  the  occasion.  Crowds  of  them,  bearing  toi-ches,  g:ithere<l 
around  htm,  reiterating  the  acclamations  of  the  citizens. 
All  were  eager  to  approach  htm,  and  so  close  was  the  pi-ess, 
that  for  a  tinto  hia  advance  was  impeded.  The  General  ivas 
much  afToeted  by  this  enthu.siastic  demonstration  of  regard, 
iiud,  turning  to  Count  Dumas,  who  rode  by  his  side,  lie  said, 
with  strong  emotion,  "  We  ma^  be  bentcTi  bv  llie  English ; 
it  is  the  chance  of  war ;  but  here  is  an  army  they  can  never 
conquer."  A  aalnto  of  thirteen  guns  was  fired  by  the  {mrk 
of  continental  iirtillery  and  by  the  shipping  in  the  harlwr. 
During  the  evening  the  town  was  brilliantly  illimiiaated. 

On  the  day  following  the  (ionorarK  arrival,  a  compIimcTi- 
tiiry  dinner  was  given  him  at  the  State  Ilouae,  which  was 
attended  by  hini,  by  his  military  conipaiuons,  and  by  other 
distinguished  guests.  Thirteen  toasts  were  drunk  under  the 
discharge  of  cannon.  In  the  coni-se  of  the  day  an  address, 
signed  by  Kx-(iovernor  Nicholas  Cooke,  Deputy-<iovemor 
Jabez  Dowen,  John.  Innis  Clarke,  Jonathan  Arnold,  Nichthj 


—         —         OCR  FRKXCn   ALLIES. 

las  Ilrnwn  nnd  John  Rpown,  was  prosontcd  to  tho  General  in 
liehair  of  the  citizens  of  the  town,  expressive  of  iheir  sonBc 
of  his  ^Tiiat  Diilitjiry  abilities,  hiu  uiujiitiitlionaMc  patriotistn, 
and  the  [lorfcct  confidence  reposed  in  him  by  &  free  people. 
"We  beg  leave  to  assui-e  Your  Excellency,"  lliey  said,  ''that 
we  M'ill  nmnifest  our  attnchincnt  to  Your  Kxccllency.  and  the 
jrreal  cnnsc  in  which  wo  are  eng^agod,  hy  cxprting  our  utmost 
aliilities  it)  e[ilistin<r  and  supporting  nuch  a  force,  as,  with 
the  aid  of  our  generous  allied,  will  lie  sufficient  la  bring  the 
WHT  to  a  h»ppy  is8U6." 

In  reply,  the  General  said,  "Tani  happy  in  the  opportu- 
nity which  your  address  atlbrds  nie,  of  testifying  to  you 
how  deeply  I  am  penetrated  with  those  demonstrations  of 
attnchment  which  1  have  experienced  from  the  inhabitants  of 
thi«  town.  Conscious,"  he  added,  "of  a  sincere  desire  to 
promote  that  great  object,  (the  securing  of  [>eace,)  however 
short  of  my  wishes  the  success  of  my  endeavors  may  fall,  I 
console  myself  with  a  persuasion  that  the  goodness  of  roy 
intentions  in  some  nieajiurc  justifies  your  approbation.  Tho 
determination  you  are  pleaded  to  express,  of  making  every 
eflbi-t  for  giving  vigor  to  our  military  operations,  is  conso- 
nflnt  with  llio  spirit  that  has  uniformly  actuated  this  State. 
It  is  by  this  dispo»ition  nlono,  we  can  hope,  under  the  pro- 
t«ction  of  heaven,  to  secure  the  important  blessings  for 
which  we  contend." 

The  festivities  of  the  day  were  closed  with  a  splendid  mil- 
itary ball,  (probably  at  "  Hacker's  llull,"  *)  which  was  hon- 
ored by  tho  presence  of  Washington,  bis  stuff,  (icncral 
Howe,  Count  Dumas  and  other  prominent  personages. 
Early  tlic  next  moniing,  General  WiLshlnglon  and  bis  suite 
continued  their  return  journey.  They  were  escorted  a  few 
miles  from  the  town  Iiy  General  Howe,  and  a  cavalcnde  com- 
posed of  military  and  civilian  gentlemen.  Tho  stay  of 
Washington  in  Pi-ovidence,  though  short,  was  a  season  of 


■Aki»,  p.  239. 


372 


RHODE  ISL-OTD  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


iiniistml  pleasure  to  the  people  of  the  town,  who  were 
delighted  with  tlie  opportunity  to  sh*>vr  him  honor.  To 
their  eminent  fzncst  it  wa-s  nn  Ich^  iirrrceable,  iis  tlie  demon- 
8tratluns  of  the  three  dnys  uiiide  ck'ar  ii  gjalifying  nttauh- 
metit  to  his  person,  and  gave  asaomnce  that  the  fire  of  putn- 
oti^Di  woB  still  burning  H8  brightly  here  an  when  tUc  jMitriots 
of  Providence  were  called  to  the  field  by  the  rattle  of  mus- 
ketry at  Lexington  and  Concord  and  by  the  booming  of 
cannon  itt  Hunker's  Hill. 

The  impression  made  by  Wabliintjlon  upon  the  French 
ollit-ers  appeal's  to  have  been  iinifnriuly  fiivoniblu.  AH  were 
stmck  with  his  towering  stature,  his  dignified  manners,  his 
ulltiblc  conversntion,  Ills  eonrtcotis  attentions  to  giicste,  thnt 
pluct'd  them  at  ease  in  his  presence,  and  with  his  wisdom, 
prudence  and  piitriotic  devotion  as  a  military  commander. 
Siiys  Count  Dnmas,  who  met  him  Hrst  at  Newport:  "Hie 
dignified  addrc*'*,  his  simplicity  of  ninnners  and  mild  gravity 
surpassed  our  expectation,  ami  non  every  heart." 

"His  physiognomy,"  says  Commisanry  Bhmchnrd,  "has 
something  gravo  and  serious,  but  it  is  never  stern,  and,  on 
tlie  contrary,  bectimeH  softened  ]>y  the  most  gnicious  and 
amiable  amile^.  He  is  albilile,  and  i-onverses  witJi  his  ntfiecrs 
familiarly  und  gayly." 

Tlio  Prinee  <!«  Hro;^lie,  who  had  eai-cfully  studied  the 
chanurtoii  sties  nf  the  gi-cat  chief,  is  eqnally  empbatic :  "In 
his  private  conduct  he  preserves  that  polite  and  attentive 
good  breeding  whieli  satisfiea  everybody  nnd  otTends  no  one. 
He  is  a  foe  to  ostentation  and  to  vain-glory." 

TIio  Ahir^piis  do  Chjistclliix,  In  the  exuberance  of  hia 
adndrntion,  exclaims:  "The  continent  of  North  America, 
from  Boston  to  Charleston,  is  a  gi*eat  volume,  every  page  of 

which  presents  tiis  etilogium It  is  not  my 

intention  to  exaggentte.  I  wish  only  lo  express  the  impres- 
sion General  Washington  has  left  on  ray  mind.  Brave  with- 
out temerity,  laborious  without  ambition,  generous  witlmiit 
pi-odigality,  noble  without  pride,  virtuous  wittiout  severity, 


OUE  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


378 


he  seems  nlwnyft  to  huve  contined  himself  within  those  lim- 
its, where  the  virtues,  Ity  eltithiii;^  themselves  in  more  lively 
hut  more  changeable  untl  doulnfiil  colors,  may  be  iiiistiikeii 

lor  {units It  win  he  sjiid  of  him,  at  the  f-nd  of 

a  long:  civil  war,  he  hiid  nothing  with  which  he  could  reproach 
him.«lf." 


WAS  WASHINGTON  A  MARSHAL  OF  FRANCE? 

tS  of  lute  yciu-8  has  heou  ii  d«Li«t»'d  question.  Krom 
the  year  1780  until  the  "Life  nnd  Wi-ilinga  of  Wash- 
ington," by  Jtircd  Sparks,  were  jHibht^hetl,  it  ajipoars  to 
have  been  the  universal  undorstan<liniEj  that  (he  great  leader 
of  the  American  armies  held  the  posilion  of  a  Marshal  of 
Franco.  Stedomn,  in  his  "  History  of  the  War  in  America," 
who  served  in  the  British  army  under  Gcnernls  Howe  and 
Clinton,  and  «"ho  had  large  opportunities  for  ohttiininj^ 
infortuiifion,  give*  him  this  (;luiracler.  (iordnn,  in  his  "His- 
tory of  the  American  Revolution,"*  says,  "That  propriety 
might  exist  in  referent^e  to  i\w  inlendi>d  aid  fn)m  France, 
when  arrived,  General  Washington  ha.s  been  ap|iointed 
Lieutenant-Cieneral  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty's  troops 
in  America,  and  Vice  Admiral  of  the  White  Flag."  llarnes' 
"Centenary  History  "t  says,  when  Lafayette  retumcd,  to 
America  from  Fnuicc,  "he  lirouglit  the  t!ommaruler-in-Chief 
A  commiitsion  as  Tjieutenant-Gcneral  of  the  army  of  France, 
and  Vice  Admiral  of  its  navy."  When,  iil  a  dinner  party 
given  by  Captain  I)e  la  louche,  on  bojird  the  "Hcrmione," 
in  Boston  harbor,  in  April,  1780,  the  name  of  W.-tshington 
was  toasted,  a  salute  of  seventeen  cannons  was  lired,  "the 


•Voi.  ui..  p.  aa 


t  i'a«r  xa. 


374 


ICnOOE  ISLAND  IN  TIfE  BEVOLUTION. 


Bumber,"  says  tho  acooimt,  "givon  to  n  Marshal  of  Fninue." 
At  Newport,  "in  consequence  of  orders  received  from  the 
Court  of  Fmnc<s"  Wushing'ton  "receivo<l  all  the  honors 
ever  paid  to  tho  Princes  Koyal  or  si  Marshal  of  France, 
greater  than  which  cAn  bo  rendered  only  to  the  King;"* 
HnJ  Count  Deus-Ponts,  in  reference  to  the  same  occjwion, 
says,  "  Gi'iicnd  \V;L-thinnrton  ariived  nt  Newporl,  Jiiid  was 
received  with  all  the  lionoi-s  duo  to  u  Mai-ebal  of  France."  t 

Geoi"ge  Wusliingtun  Ciistia,  the  adopted  son  of  Washing- 
ton, says  lie  was  a  i^Iurshal  of  Fmnce ;  tbat  the  apiwint- 
ment  was  procured  hy  Colonel  Laurens  when  he  went  to 
Paris  as  a  spooinl  iimlnbisador,  and  that  a  friend  of  his 
(Ciistis)  had  Iietii-d  him  so  spoken  of  at  the  siege  of  York- 
town.  Mr.  CiiHtis  ftn-llicr  Hayn  :  "In  regard  to  Washington 
as  a  Marshal  of  France,  I  have  in  this  house  'proof  strong 
a»  holy  writ,'  in  an  engraving  of  Najiier  of  Merchistown,  the 
celebrated  inventor  of  the  Lognritlitiis,  which  was  presented 
to  M'fl>=hitigton  liy  the  Ewrl  of  Buch»n,  si  relative  of  the  pbi- 
losoi)lier,  with  the  indorsement  in  the  liand-wriling  of  the 
Karl :  *To  Marshal  General  Washington,  with  the  respects 
of  Buchnn.'  Now  Riiclian  lived  in  tho  age  of  the  Uevolu- 
tion,  and  was  tho  associate  of  eonrts,  and  certainly  would 
not  havo  addressed  to  one  he  »o  loved  and  admired,  as  he 
did  to  tho  Chief,  a  title  to  which  the  Chief  had  no  claim. 
Lord  Xapicr  on  a  visit  to  the  Arlington  House,  was  greatly 
gratified  by  a  sight  of  a  rcmintsconce  of  his  ancestoi-s 
among  the  relics  of  Washington."  Mr.  Custis  then  goes  on 
to  describe  tlie  origin  of  the  title  : 

■'Tho  history  of  the  IJtlo.  'A  Marslial  of  France,' Is  simply  iIjIs;  Itt 
1781,  irhen  rolonel  iJinrcnn  W€iit  in  Prnnco  as  imperial  smtiawiiidor,  a  dlf- 
flculty  Arose  bctwcco  lilm  mid  the  French  Minister  as  to  tliii>  commiinri  of 
the  combined,  amikfl  lit  Aiiierlcii.  Our  heroic  Ijiurena  saicl :  'Our  chief 
raiist  commaud;  II  is  qht  cause,  snii  th«  bsltl«  Is  on  our  aoU.'  '  CTrat 
{mpomSl^ct'  exclaimed  the  FreDchwaa,  "by  the  etlqaetUt  of  the  Fretich 


■  rrovltlMiw  (iurrtr,  UkTOh  t7,  IW. 


t  -  Hj  Vtmpalgn*,  p.  U>U 


OUR   FRENCH   ALU  KB. 


375 


service,  Lhc  Couut  rle  Koehamlieau  being  an  old  I.lcutenanl-GvneHl.  can 
only  be  oomntancleiil  by  the  King  In  p«r«on,  or  n  .Vnrr-jtcJinl  df  Frtmet,' 
'  Then.'  pxrInlmiHt  Lniiretis.  ■  make  our  Wjutliinfrton  n  M'irr*rh.il  -U  Franee,' 
II  >vii«  lioiic.  A  ftitnil  of  inltie  tieanl  \VH!>liiii;;l(iii  hpokiii  of  n»  Mon^^ttr 
te  MtirrMrJi'it  uC  Uiu  »l»j;(^  <»f  Vorktowii.  Uiir  LKelwvcd  \Va»liliiii;(r>U  never 
cureLcd  or  duslrvd  rank  or  tUlo;  but  Lt  Is  beyond  a  donbt  tbiit.  From  Lhe 
tbrco  of  cLrcuiQstaiices  Juat  related,  tlie  rank  and  tiat-  of  Mtinxhat  de 
Francf  wu8  courumid  upon  tbn  QoncraUlu-Cblor  of  tlic  uouiblnwl  armies 
'of  America  and  Franre." 

A  writer  in  tlio  "Historical  Magnzino'**  points  out  an  error 
in  the  stalcment  of  Mr.  Ciistis  by  the  fact  that  ('olonel  Lau- 
rens did  not  sail  for  Fmnee  until  the  i:iUi  of  February, 
1781,  whrrr'as  RochjiniUoau  arrived  in  Hhode  Island  on  the 
10th  or  lath  of  Jnl.v.  17«0.  "Slill,"  bu  adds,  "  his  commu- 
nieation  atlbrthj  evidence,  similar  to  much  tuiiiid  eUewhero, 
that  the  belief  was  very  general  nt  the  time,  among  well 
informed  [jci-sonii,  that  Washington  did  reeeive  some  mili- 
tary upjiointaicnt  from  the  Frcneh  Court :  which  belief  the 
fact  of  his  commanding'  liocbamboau,  does  not  i^ccm  suffi- 
ciently to  i!xiihiin  away  as  a»  error.  And  Gordon,  whose 
activity  and  perseverance  in  gnthcving  and  storing  up  the 
facts  of  the  KevoUition,  as  thoy  occurred,  render  him  invalu- 
able contcmporur}'  authority,  enters  thia  as  an  undisputed 
fact  under  iti*  date,  and  after  a  lapae  of  eight  years  afibrdal 
htm  for  rnvii^al,and  during  the  life-time  of  all  the  prominent 
nctore  in  it,  lie  deliberately  prints  it,  withont  gainsay-  from 
them." 

According  to  (he  statement  of  "an  eye  witne86"t  Wash- 
ington, at  his  militaiy  reception  in  Nowi>ort,  wore  the  insig- 
nia of  a  Marshal  of  France.  Mugs,  pitchers  and  howls  of 
Re\'olulionary  date,  bearing  the  cHigy  of  Washington  stand- 
ing or  on  horseback,  with  liio  legend  beneath,  "George 
Washitigton,  Ksq.,  Genenil-in-C'hief  of  the  ('tiilcd  Slates 
army,  and  Marshal  of  France,"  were  common  and  are  still 
occasionally  to  be  seen.  These  comuieuiorate^l  a  i<up|>ost!d 
fiict.     It  seems  extraordinary  that  the  French  allies,  wiUi- 


*V«).  UUp.  U7,  IBM, 


tADW,  p.  303. 


.^76 


RnonE  IR1.AN]}  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


out  authority,  ebould  bestow  ujioii  Waebington  honors  which 
only  n  Mnrtihal  of  Fmnrc  c^nhl  clHim ;  iind  It  is  scarcely 
less  II  cansp  fin-  ivonder  thnt  he  shouhl  have  acoeptod  the 
honors,  und  on  public  oucusiuns  Imvc  M'orn  tlie  insignia  of  uu 
iinbestowed  office. 

In  refutation  of  the  statements  made  by  Gordon,  Stedmnn 
and  others,  two  fatts  are  rejit-d  upon.  Fii-st.  tbiit  Mr.  Sparks 
did  nut  find  among  AVsisIiingtnii's  piipers  u  commii^ion  or 
other  official  document  showing  tliiit  the  French  King  had 
cunferred  upon  tdm  the  oflicu  here  being  considered  ;  and 
Beeond,  AVashington'jj  letter  addressed  to  Mr.  Lemnnt,  in 
1785,  throe  years  after  Kochumbeau's  army  left  the  counlrj'. 
Mr.  Ijcmont  ha<l  <ledic4i1cd  to  him  u  vohime  of  poems.  In 
thHt  dedication  he  ntyled  him  a  Mnrehal  of  France.  Wash- 
ingtuii,  in  acknowledging  the  courtosy,  said,  "I  am  not  a 
Marshal  of  Francp,  nor  do  I  hold  any  eDuimission  or  fill  any 
office  under  that  government."  This,  at  llie  time,  wastnie, 
and  there  may  have  been  political,  as  well  as  other  reasons, 
for  making  this  rliselaimer;  but  it  does  not  necessarily  mili- 
tate against  the  common  belief  of  tlic  day.  It  would  seem 
from  the  statement  of  fiwrdun,  in  regiird  tti  tlie  iitKces  of 
Mar&hnl  and  Admiral,  "that  these  appointment.'?,  if  received 
by  Washington,  were,  so  far  as  the  French  government  was 
concerned,  pui-ely  titles  of  eoiirt«sy,  conferred  for  the  pur- 
pose of  satisfying  the  laws  of  military  etiquette  and  military 
precedence,  then  most  imperious  at  the  Couit  of  Fmnce. 
The  rank  and  powers  which  the}*  im])licd,  though  only  nom- 
inal, were  also  apparently  limited  in  their  application  to  the 
French  forces  in  America.  In  this  case,  tlie  mere  departiiro 
of  those  forees,  after  the  war  was  over,  would  put  an  end  to 
thorn  without  further  act.  This  view  of  (he  question  in 
tinlia  consistent  with  Washington's  assertion  in  the  letter  of 
178j,  that  he  then  held  no  commission  under  the  French 
government.  It  also,  perhaps,  accounts  for  the  fact  that  no 
record  of  such  commission,  if  previousl}'  held,  can  be  found 


OUR   PRENCH   ALLIES. 


377 


in  the  archhes  of  Fninee."  •  In  rcgjird  to  thti  part  ascrilicd 
to  Lafayette  in  the  mutter,  "  might  he  not  have  procured  for 
Washin^'Ion  the  lille  uf  Miirvhal,  ur  llioso  of  Lientenaiit- 
(ieiK-nil  iiiui  Adminil,  jtrovt'itiounUt/,  lo  be  pnmmlgiitol  and 
u»ed  only  in  case  of  necessity  ?  Ko  such  necessity,  it  is  well 
known,  ever  occurred.  It  is  possible  that  the  uiipnblisbed 
manuscripts,  stiil  iu  possession  of  his  fiimily,  might  furnish 
the  nnsM-er  to  this  qHe3lton."t 

Thiit  Mr.  Sparks  did  not  fuid  among  Wa^hiugtons  papers 
evidenre  of  his  linving  been  commissioned  a  Mnrwhnl  of 
France,  is  at  most  a  negiilivo  testimony  against  the  belief 
that  fur  uioro  than  seventy  years  jiruvitiled  umjueetiuned. 
In  cxiimining  this  subject,  two  facts  appear.  First,  that 
Wiishington  could  not.  without  viobiting  a  law  of  Fnmce. 
have  subordinated  Kocjiiunbcau  to  his  command,  nidcss  in 
some  way  milUorized  so  lo  do.  Second,  that  Wasliington 
did  commniid  both  llio  .\nicricran  nnd  the  Frnnrh  troops, 
and  that  IJofhnmheau  never  undertook  im  enterprise  with 
his  forces  witliont  iho  approval  of  the  former.  From  whence 
did  this  8nj>erior 'authority  comoV  By  whom  and  how  was 
it  c<mferi'cd?  By  reference  to  the  instructions  of  Ijouis 
X.V1.  to  liochimibeau,  thiit  (lencral  was  always,  and  in  all 
cases,  "lo  be  under  the  command  of  Ooncnd  Washington  ;" 
that  "all  projects  and  plans  for  the  campaign  or  private 
expeditions  should  be  decided  by  the  American  General ; 
that  the  French  troops  l>cing  only  auxiliaries,  should,  iis  was 
done  in  Germany,  in  the  campaign  of  17^7,  yield  prece- 
dence and  the  right  to  the  AnK-ricnn  troops;  that  "  in  con- 
sequence of  the  above  aiticle,  the  American  ofiicera  with 
equal  rank  and  the  same  date  of  commissions,  shall  have  tho 
command,  and  in  all  cases  the  American  troops  shall  talcc 
tho  right.  In  alt  aiilllary  acts  and  capitulations,  the  Ameri- 
can General  and  troops  sluill  be  reckoned  first,  and  will  sign 
first,  flshns  always  been  the  custom,  and  in  accordance  with 


•  UbI.  Ua(.,  ai.,  April.  IHW,  p.  ISO. 


t/Mtf.».i2r. 


378 


RHODE  ISLAND  IK  THE  BEVOI-UTION. 


the  principles  laid  down  with  rcgnrd  to  nuxilinry  tmopa;' 
and  tiiinlly,  that  "it  is  His  Sfiyesty'a  exfiectiitifm  nrid  ver>' 
positive  order  to  Count  de  lioctiAinbeaii,  thrtt  ho  will  sefi  to 
the  oxuct  und  litem)  execution  of  the  above  lour  urtlclcH." 
Tho  reservation  in  liehnlf  of  the  French  troops  was  that  they 
should  not  l)e  dispersed,  but  "collected  together  id  one 
corps."  and  "act  in  one  body  under  French  (lenemls."  The 
nnlers  of  the  Kin<;  were  com mun lent cd  by  Kochnmbeiiu  to 
Wfl8hingt<?n,  nnd  he  writes,  "We  are  now,  sir,  under  yonr 
(ronimand."  • 

Tho  (tfficial  information  thus  communicated  to  Washing- 
tun,  iiIlbon<rh  not  a  comini<«»^ion  in  the  usual  form,  was  a 
practical  equivalent,  and  may  explain  why,  at  Newport,  he 
wore  the  iuai^nia  of  n  Marshal  of  France,  and  why  he  wns 
recognized  by  tiio  Fitinch  officers  find  eoldioi-s  as  the  Gener- 
aiisaimo  of  the  two  armies.  But  on  this  subject  tho  reader 
will  fonii  his  awn  conclusions,  unbiased  by  the  opinions  of 
the  author. 


BOUNTY  JUMPERS. 

A  WANT  StTPPUED— MnNEY  ANO  TROOPS  ABttlVE  FHOM 
FUANrE.  — NOTICES  OF  COLONEI-  BOCllAMBEAU  AND  M. 
Dk  BABRAS. 

[OUNTY"  jumpinfT  «its  practised  with  success  during  the 
Revolution,  nnd  the  French  officers  were  often  made 
victims  of  tho  sharp  practice.  Nfen  would  enlist  into  the 
French  aruiy,  obtiiin  clothing  and  ndvancc  pay*  Kiil  then 
desert,  and  enlist  again  in  the  continental  service.  When 
cflnght,  they,  escaped   under  a  clause  of  the  constitution 


■Anlr.|>p.3U-llfi. 


OUR    FRBKCH   ALI.IK8. 


379 


wbii-li  forbiidc  .soldiers  serving  in  any  other  bntfalions  tbac 
thoir  own,  unless  Ibo  State  to  which  they  belonged  had  com- 
pleted its  full  quota.  Tim  the  "junipers"  were  eai-efiil  to 
iiseertaii)  before  cnlisting^.  lu  February,  17^1,  the  Cheva- 
lier Dii  Uoiichct,  "  Deputy-  r\  /tt  4  S 
Adjulant-Goueral  of  the  ^,^W^^«7^<^^/ 
Army  of  IIIa  Most  Cbristinn 

Mdjesl^',"  liaving  represented  to  the  General  Assembly  thai 
ceiluin  duserlcr»  hnit  enlisted  into  thit^  Stale's  continental 
luttalions,  Chri.st<i[tber  EHery  and  William  Tii*rgart,  Ksqs., 
were  nppoinletl  ti  committee  to  wuit  upon  ibe  Chevalier  and 
inform  hint  ihal  the  men  mentioned  in  his  cduinnmieation 
were  Americans,  and  for  the  rcassons  jiist  mentioned  could 
not  be  i-otnrnod.  But  willing  to  "do  everything  to  con- 
tribnte  to  the  scrviee  of  Hiw  Most  Chi-istian  Miijettiy  and  his 
army,"  the  Chevulier  was  assured  that  the  persons  who 
engaged  the  aforesaid  soldiers  for  the  continental  ser^'ice 
should  lmniedintely  pay  back  the  balance  due  for  money 
advanced,  clothing,  or  other  things  received  by  the  said 
descrtei-s. 

Hut  while  the  State  was  careful  to  prevent  imiKJsitions  of 
this  chanuter,  the  olhcers  of  the  allien  were  not  always  as 
fortunate,  when  in  the  hands  of  anny  officials,  with  whom 
they  had  financial  tmn.«actinn9.  One  of  them,  in  settling 
with  a  continental  commissary,  braugbt  a  bag  of  gold,  and 
bavjag  cotuiled  <iut  most  of  it  in  payment  of  an  exorbitant 
bill,  said  with  a  slight  tone  of  displeasure  :  "  You  mny  a« 
well  take  do  whole.  Voti  shargo  for  de  handle  of  de  bruom  ; 
don  you  shai-ge  f<ir  de  bru^h  ;  den  you  shurgc  for  de  twine 
dat  ties  it ;  and  deu,  by  gar,  you  itbarge  for  de  broom !  " 

A   WANT    gUTPLIRD. 


In  April,  1781,  Count  Dumas  having  solicited  needed 
quarters  in  Providence  for  the  officers  and  lliu  aruiy  of  Hi» 
Most  Christian  Majesly,  Captain  Paul  Allen,  Colonel  Wil- 


380  BHODE  ISLAKO  IN  TOK  REVOLUTION. 

liftm  Wall  niid  Edwaitl  Tburl>cr,  Eaqs.;  were  nppointed  ft 
committofi  "  immcdintoly  (o  pnicure  such  rooms  aa  sbuU  bo 
requUitf'  for  iho  snid  offioors,  and  that  the  «iid  commitleo 
Rgrce  to  pny  (u  thu  owners  uf  the  rooni»  »ui*h  rent  therefor 
HS  liuid  committee  shall  judge  rensiinnhle,  to  [>e  |mid  out  of 
the  town  treasury ;  and  in  case  that  it  shall  he  necessary, 
Ihnt  the  said  committee  be  empowered  to  n.«si^  the  neces- 
sary qnurters  notwithstanding  llicy  cannot  ugriic  with  the 
owners. 

"Anil  HS  Major  T>iimns  hath  also  requested  that  the  upper 
pan  of  ike  Market  House,  and  such  piut  of  the  lower  room 
thereof  as  can  lie  spared,  niiiy  be  a)ipropriiited  for  fatoring 
the  hngj»an;«>  of  the  snid  aimy,  it  is  resolved,  that  one-lmlf 
of  ibo  iliirkct  House  Building,  now  improved  for  the  innr- 
kot,  MJth  all  the  upper  part  lber*.-of,  he  apprupi-i:iti-d  as 
aforesaid,  to  be  divided  off  by  a  partition  in  such  place  as 
shall  Ijc  <Iirected  by  Mr.  Eleazcr  Harding,  James  Lovot  and 
Welcome  Arnold,  Esqs.** 

UONEV   AND   TROOPS  IRRIVR   FROM   FRANCE. 

It  was  agreed  at  the  conference  at  Elartford  that  Colonel 
Rochambcaii,  son  of  the  General,  should  carry  the  rei^uUa 
thereof  to  the  Alinistcrs  at  Pari«,  and  also  like  ivqiiisilions 
for  men,  ships  and  money.  Tlie  hitter  was  particularly 
important,  as  the  necessary  means  for  liquidating  tlie 
advances  due  to  the  soldiei's  could  be  obtained  only  by 
onciY>us  loans.*  Colonel  liochumbcau  comuiilted  the  con- 
tents of  the  despatrhcH  to  memury,  so  thai  he  might  i-epcat 
them  verbally  to  the  Jlinisteis,  in  case  hu  should  be  eap- 
tiii-cd  hyKhglisb  cruisers, and  Ih>  sent  home  on  [wirole  ;  design- 
ing in  the  former  event  to  throw  them  ovcrlroard.  M.  dc  La 
Pirousc  was  charged  with  all  the  despatches  of  Admirul  Do 

•JoM-pti  Mtirtc,  VlMimlc^r  Rochnnitimiu.  AldrHtr-ranip  to  tiUlklhvr.  atnl  Cvluiirl  of* 
tT|;[n)riii,  n  ■(•  an  nlB««  of  nipcrlor  nml(.  He  M-rvml  In  llip  WmI  Imlk'*,  lul:r<  ^>- 
tViiiInC",  nr'-l  i'|.r«lii'r\'.  llr  WM  mftde  aGi-iHTal.anil  Wai  kUlrd  at  lUc  IhiiiIt  at  l^lfakt 
'MMber  m,  lhi.%  AgMl  tiHtf-llircc  jtart. 


^ 


k 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


381 


Ternny,  anJ  with  conveying  id  bis  frignlo  C'ohinel  Rocham- 
b«ati  to  Frunce.  TbU  At>l«  officer  took  hie  departure  from 
Newport  on  lUo  28th  of  Ootolicr,  in  a  violent  pule,  which 
Bcnttercd  Ihc  English  hloc-kttding  squndron.  lie  jMisscd 
through  thiti,  nueoiupunicd  \>y  two  fiigutcs  bound  on  a  mission 
to  UoHlon.  The  vessels  were  discovered,  and  were  closely 
pursued  l>y  the  enemy's  cruisers.  Tl»e  frigntp  of  T^a  Pt^rouse 
was  dif-niuiiled,  but  furtiiniifely  she  hud  nlrcudy  so  fur  out- 
reached  her  pursuers,  thnt  the  chase  was  ubamloned. 

On  the  Otb  of  May,  1781.  Col- 
onel Um-haniheau  arrivetl  in  Boston 
on  hi**  return  vnynge  from  France, 
in  the  frigjite  "  Concorde,"  accom- 
panied by  M.  dn  Harms,  who  cnme  to 
aaeunie  the  coniumnd  of  Ibc  French 
squadron,  made  vacant  by  the  death 
of  Adniind  l>t>  Ternny.*  They 
brou;^ht  tlie  intclhgence  thalu  pow- 
erful fleet  had  saihul  from  Itrcst, 
under  Count  do  Grn^se,  a.  part  of 
which   was    destined    to    re-enforce  «- 

the  French  naval  annttmcnt  in  the  ^  tcfg  dC^ 

West  Indiea,  and  the  residue  to  go 

to  tlui  C:ipo  of  Good  Hope.  After  gottinfj^  to  the  south  of 
the  A7.4ire!<,  dc  Ornsac  \vn<t  to  detach  i«ix  hundred  troops 
under  the  convoy  of  the  "SagitlMire,"  to  join  the  forces  in 
Americji,  twing  tho  only  succor  in  men  that  could  then  be 
sent.  The  pr*'soncc  of  a  numerous  Knglifih  fleet  off  Brest 
had  prevented  tlio  sailing,  during  the  )>rccuding  year,  of  the 
Becond  division  of  the  nriuy,  as  was  originally  contcmplHtcd; 
and  the  King,  to  make  good  the  loss  of  such  a  va1uabl« 


■  l.«ulf,  CODiil  M  Uarm*  hiilol  LinrrDtwna  Lorn  In  rrovrncr.  BOd  %»vt^  wlili  (lUllncllvn 
In  IIh-  Trrnrh  tiiivr,  Mr  wu<  ■  (nxrllriilnr  Arlniil  iif  l>n-  Ctliint  Il'KilBtn};.  and  cnnimnndnl 
hi*  «■■■  Ka'f'i  wIm-u  \w  i>itli>r*il  Ni'Hpon  IwrlMr.  H"  wm  Ihtii  iiboul  ilxly  yttiT*  td  ijt*. 
Aair  r^iptpWIni  «(rh  Cniitit  dc  (iruiW',  At  ilic  sUji*  or  Vorklowu,  lie  tnok  part  in  wi 
ntfK|^-ini-iil  nttb  Ailiiilnl  ■■•■oil.  n-tii»«'  flivl  iini-liiin-il  iiiirlvr  (lip  uvu*  of  81.  C1t>lt(nph«ir, 
Juuari  '.'ft,  Mfi.  Oil  Hid  rmiKBuUatlun  gf  Itic  ii»>7,  la  Uw  mmw  j ear,  be  wu  onwlc 
riMAtolnl.    tiedkditwiUIKB. 


382 


KUODE  I8I.AXD  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


auxilinry,  and  to  lessen  tlio  disHppointuaent  occitsioned  by 
JU  aoii-iirriviil,  had  ossi^od  six  millions  of  tivustirc,  to  be 
devolfd  lo  tho  needs  of  the  Ameriean  army.  For  Iho 
gr««ter  aocui'ity  of  trausmisBiou,  tUe  money  eont  over  was 
divided  ht'tweeri  the  "SagitUiiro"  and  the  "('oncorde." 

From  ft  financiiil  stand-point,  the  "six  millionii  of  trea»- 
iire," — in  rei.1cral  current-y  $1,200,(H.I0, —  must  have  been  to 
Washington  a  gloiiin  of  light  breaking  tJie  cloud  that  had 
but  recently  enveloped  bim,  while  the  six  hnndrod  troops, 
tlioiigli  a  pour  substitute  for  the  six  tUoiisiind  Ion;;  proiuiaed 
nnd  cxpeclLut,  were  a  welcome  addition  to  the  strength  of 
the  allies.  la  surveying  the  prospect  before  hini,  however, 
he  felt  the  necessity  of  urging  upon  the  States  a  speedy 
augment  lit  ton  of  his  forces,  and  of  earnestly  snllciling  the 
influence  of  the  Freridi  Mini»lor.  M.  do  Luzerne,  in  secur- 
ing the  close  co-oporation  of  the  licet  of  Count  do  Grasse, 
then  serving  in  the  West  Indies. 


DEATH   OF  rOlONEl   CTIRISTOPItER  tIREKNE. 

-Uj'lIE  i:ith  day  of  May,  1781,  sent  arrows  of  tiorrow  to 
^h  nitniy  hearts  in  Rhode  Island.  On  the  night  of  that 
day,  Cctlonel  Christopher  Greene,  who,  with  his  Imtlalion, 
had  lieeu  withdrawn  fn)m  Newport,  nnd  placed  on  duty  near 
Crotun  liridge,  New  York,  wna  barbarously  murdered  by  an 
assnuliiiig  pai-ty,  under  Colonel  Delancey,  numbering  over 
two  Innidred  men.  The  attack  was  a  surprise,  (-oloncl 
Greene  was  overpowered  and  eiit  down  in  his  quarter*  by 
a  band  of  assailants,  several  of  whom  fell  beneath  hie 
defensive  sword.  HJa  left  arm  was  cnt  oif,  bin  right  aim 
waa  wounded  to  the  bone  in  tivo  wide  gashes,  his  loft  shoul- 
der was   terribly  mulilaled,  bis  slomaeh  waa  pierced  by  a 


01;B  FRENCH  AIASKB. 


383 


sword,  bi8  right  side  was  shockingly  lacerated  hy  a  bayo- 
net, nnd  bi^  head  v/aa  hndly  mangled.  Id  tbi:i  condition  be 
was  drugged  to  n  wood  ahoiit  a  mile  distanl,  nnd  thui-o  left. 
Major  i'^Iiigg,  his  next  in  cornuiaod,  was  uUo  bi-ntnlly 
killed,  and  Imib  were  Irnried  in  the  itbiirch-ynrd  at  Cruiu- 
pond. 

CoIohpI  Chiistopher  Greene  was  a  son  of  the  Honorable 
l*bilip  (.ireone,  a  Judge  of  the  Superior  t'enirt  of  Khode 
Island,  and  was  l>om  in  Ibat  part  of  Warwick  called  Occu- 
passutlouxet.  His  natuntl  endowmpnls  wore  of  a  sujjcrior 
ordor,  nnd  his  mental  powers  wei-c  improved  by  ethieation 
and  relined  Kocial  intercmirsc.  At  an  enrly  age.  be  was 
elected  to  represent  bis  native  town  in  the  State  legislature. 
When  the  rights  of  the  Colonies  were  Invaded,  he  took  a 
hold  stand  against  the  King  and  the  Parliament.  After  the 
"Kentish  (Juai-df;"  were  organized,  in  1774,  he  was  ebosen 
Lientenant.  In  May,  1775,  he  was  appointed  Major  in  the 
army  created  for  the  defence  of  the  State.  He  marched  to 
Cambridge,  anrl  was  made  IJotitenant-C'oIonol  of  the  first 
luittalion  foniied  for  Arnold's  expedition  against  Quebec. 
Ho  underwent  all  the  fatigues  ami  privations  of  the  extraor- 
dinary niarrh  thi-ough  the  wiklernoss  of  Maine  and  that  of 
Canada ;  bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  unsucccssfid  assault 
upon  tjuobee,  and  after  three  hours  of  bard  tighting  was 
compelled  to  surrender.  For  eighteen  months  he  experi- 
enced the  discoiuforts  of  prison  life,  an<i  after  being 
cxclianged,  in  177Zi  received  a  commission  of  ('olonel. 
He  fought  with  great  braveiy  and  success  at  Red  Hank, 
where  Count  Donop,  the  ennmiandcr  of  twelve  bimdred 
Hessian  assailants,  was  mortally  wounded  and  taken  pris- 
oner. In  this  tierce  and  desperate  tight,  the  Hessians  wore 
driven  back  and  defeated,  with  heavy  loss.  Colonel  Greene 
caused  t'ount  Donop  to  be  buried  with  all  the  honors  of  war. 
The  late  Dr.  Peter  Turner,  of  Newport,  who  was  in  this 
battle,  used  (o  narrate  the  efTccl  that  this  act  of  courtesy 
had  upon  the  surgeon  of  the  German  brigade.     He  was  a 


384 


nnODB  ISLAND  IS  THE  REVOLUTION. 


Frciichmuii,  and  as  he  beheld  tho  American  troops  follow- 
in*;' the  car|>se  of  hie  beloved  cotnmjinder,  and  depositing  it 
with  every  lunnifet'tutinn  of  rettpeii  in 
Iho  ^ive,  he  sprung  up,  ond  slrikin^^  his 
feet  together,  exclaimed,  with  the  vivao- 
itj-  of  bis  countrymen,  "  He  Gnr,  if  dey 
bur}'  me  ho,  I  die  dis  moment."* 

From  i~4iy  to  ITWl,  Colonel  Greene's 
military  scrviccii  wore  confined  to  Khodc 
Island.  How  henrtily  he  entered  into 
the  plans  of  Gcncni]  Sullivan,  and  how 
nohly  he  led  his  colored  hattnlion  in  the 
cunipHipi  on  Rhode  Island,  preceding 
pitjrcs  show.f  liis  deiilh  wan  an  occa- 
sion of  deep  sorrow  to  Wfishington  and 
to  Hnchanibeaii,  both  of  whom  apprevi- 
Dted  his  worth  ns  n  man,  and  na  ti  skill- 
ful,  nicritorioiis  officer. 

For  hits  jjallnnt  defence  of  Fort  Slercer. 
at  Red  Hank,  ('ongroas  voted  him  an  ele- 
gant sword.  The  Colonel  did  not  live  to 
receive  it,  and  it  was  foruanled  to  Job 
Greene,  Ksiq.,  the  son  and  Icgiil  reprc- 


>  Kmii  C«.  AllM.    It.  I.  IIIM.  S«e.  Coll.,  vL,  M. 

t  III  r*TfntMf  to  llir  falnivllctii  oT  lli^  lAnrtt  taHatei  fn  Cul* 
oacl  <iii<i'iii-'ii  ballBllon,  (^iitr,  jt.  fiiT.]  (kiTrmor  Ormtn 
wrlin  10  Hl'^'i^r*.  Harrlmiil  anil  CQllln»:  "I  riickiir  rou  Ike 
crrlilitatpurunc  <it  r1i<-  miiiii>lltr,<  whu  vnli)r4  llir  alnvi-ii  Ihiil 
rivw  bi-liMiK  lo  Cnloufl  GriM-iir't  ii>|(ltiiciil.  n*tlhrt  of  whlrii 
arr  tiriiMl  Bt  more  lliau  tlOO,  s  txiDtldtralloD  b;  no  mtwiu 
■dopiBlr  to  llic  bpncUl  1I117  Hnr  Ii>  Ilii^  I'u)|p<l  ^iBlr*.  a*  tkqf 
/irt  ginitl  tPtdier*.  auiJ  i^rvu  iliirliig  llii'  <*iir,  witliu'til  Biiy  uthtr 
allowsucri  than  whBt  jn  psid  tlirni  t>y  the  unlinrnl,  when 
Ihp  utlirri.  doliifl  (lie  (Bmc  ilul.v  wllli  llirln,  arc  >l|i-M«l  wlial 
UCflllrd  iUbcUlcDM  tnoUFf,  llic  uniuuol  oT  wlikli  \m*  been 
■nun-  In  one  yi-iir  lliao  rllbrr  of  Ihrni  were  lalucd  Bl.  Ai 
Coiift^m*  lia*  i*coiBEnf>adBi[  lo  lli>  *oii limn  Statu  lontb*  B 
numbtr  of  bladu  In  Uic  Mtn*  war,  n>r  irtitob  (ti«  «WMn  of 
Ihf-in  wrr*  Id  iMsllanol  91,000,  Ibvrv  »iit<rar*  1 1>  br>  lh«  M«p 
n-Muii  ttiBI  tliQ  Qitnvn  of  ihoav  nStA  In  ilila  .Stalt>  ilioulil  ba 
•Hotrcd  llM  *na»  Brtct.'-R.  I.  JVW.  CW/.,  rt.,  p. »«. 


^ 


OUR  FRENCH  AIXIE8.  385 

sentative  of  the  deceased.  It  ia  now  in  the  possession  of 
one  of  the  grandchildren  of  Colonel  Greene,  Simon  Henry 
Greene,  Esq.,  of  River  Point,  K.  I.  Its  sheath  is  of  rattle- 
snake skin,  the  blade  a  polished  rapier,  and  its  principal 
decorations  are  of  silver  and  gold.  By  kind  permission,  an 
engraved  copy  of  the  sword  is  here  presented. 

At  the  time  of  his  death.  Colonel  Greene  had  entered 
upon  his  forty-fifth  year.*  In  1758,  he  married  Miss  Anne 
Lippitt,  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Jeremiah  Lippitt,  of  Warwick. 
He  left  three  sons  and  four  daughters.  His  height  was 
about  five  tx-et  ten  inches.  His  round,  capacious  cheat, 
upright  form  and  muscular  limbs  indicated  the  enjoyment  of 
perfect  phvfiical  vigor.  A  portrait  of  him,  copied  from  an 
original  owned  by  Simon  Henry  Greene,  Esq.,  was  pre- 
sented by  that  gentleman  to  Brown  Uuivei-sity,  and  may  be 
seen  in  its  attractive  gallery  of  eminent  Rhode  Island  men. 

Colonel  Greene  died  at  an  age  when  his  military  experi- 
ence, maturity  of  judgment,  and  energy  of  character  gave 
pmmise  of  rapid  promotion.  Had  he  lived  to  the  close  of 
the  war,  his  lank,  probably,  would  have  been  second  only 
to  that  of  his  distinguished  kinsman,  Gcnenil  Nathanael 
Greene.  I 

•He  was  born  May  12,  1737. 
fThc  author.  In  Vol.  vi,  R.  I  Hlat.  Soc.  CoU. 

4U 


386 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  TU£  REVOLUTION. 


ARRIVAL   OF  M.   I)K   BARRAS  AT   NEWPORT. 

COMMUNICATKS  WITH  \VASHIN«TON.-HIS  REPLY.— CONPEB- 
ENCE  AT  ■WETHKRSKlKt.D.-IlltlTIHH  FLEET  OKF  BLOCK 
ISLAND.— PL.VNS  KOR  rUTl'ItE  OPKKATIONS— THE  ALUES 
PREPAKK  TO  LEAVE  UtlonE  ISLAND.- TI IK  KLKKT  TO  RE- 
MAIN AT  NKWJ'OKT.-THOOPS  DETACHED  TO  PROTECT  THE 
FLEET  AND  THE  ISLAND.-ATl'EMPTED  MURDER  OF  M.  LA 
BOROLI ERE.- FAREWELL  DINNER-ROCHAMBEAU  ISSUES  A 
PASS  TO  JOHN  BEVERLY— SKETCH  OF  THE  LATTER. 


WXhE  Coufit  do  B«rr:i8  iirrived  at  Newport  May  10th, 
(^y  and  the  next  day  nddrpssed  n  letter  to  Wiishiiiglon 
tntbrnihi^  him  of  tbe  fuct.  IIu  aUo  Jtiforuied  hiiu  that  the 
King  hiul  iijipoirilcd  hitii  "tu  llio  (-uruniand  ol'  h\»  squiidran 
in  these  sens";  that  both  himself  ttnd  Gcneml  Roc-hum  beau 
were  iin.xiniis  fur  a  eonforenco  with  Iho  AiiieiiiMii  Chief;  and 
ndded  :  "  1  iim  vo.vy  im]iaf:ienl  to  have  the  Iioiior  of  making 
an  ncf|H;ihit!iiice  with  yuu,  uiid  to  iisstiro  you  that  I  liave 
nnthinu;  so  imieh  at  heaii  us  to  render  niyHelf  8er\'iecuble  to 
the  King  and  to  the  I'nitcil  Slates." 

In  reply,  \Vashin;^toii  said:  "Give  me  leave  to  congratu- 
late you  on  your  aafo  arrival,  and  your  appointment  lo  the 
command  of  Ilts  Most  Chi-I?ttiiin  Majealy's  fleet  snd  sen 
forees  upon  these  eoasts.  It  :ilford«  mo  no  nmall  de;>:rce  of 
pleasure  to  find  the  eonimjuid  devolves  upon  an  officer  of 
Your  Exeelleney'a  dislinjfuished  cbanicler." 

To  meet  the  wishes  of  Coinit  ile  lijirnis  and  Count  de 
Kochambeau,  as  well  a*  his  own,  U'a.'ihinglon  .-ippointcd  a 
confereuee  at  Wetherafieltl,  to  be  liuld  May  21.  Wasliing- 
tori  was  aceoinp:niied  by  Genenils  Knox  and  Duporlail ; 
Roch.iiTibeau  was  attended  by  the  Chevalier  do  Cha»tcllux. 
Oq  thu  eve  of  departure,  the  lirltibh   fleet  under  Admiral 


OCR  FREXCH  ALLIES. 


387 


Arbitlhnot,  appeared  ofl'BIot-k  TsliirKl,  threatening  Newport. 
For  this  cfliise,  M.  de  Barras,  who  deemed  it  pnident  to 
roitinin  und  wntch  the  movements  of  tlH>  enemy,  did  nut 
jitleml.  The  pinna  fur  the  future  were  deltUerately  disienssed 
and  decided.  It  was  settled  to  operate  flgaiiiwt  New  York  in 
prefei-enco  to  mnhing  further  detachments  to  tlie  soutbwnnl. 
"The  weakness  of  the  ffarrison  at  Mew  York,  tlio  t'entnil 
position  for  drawing  together  men  and  supplies,  and  the  spur 
which  any  attempt  against  that  pfaco  would  give  to  every 
exertion,  were  ummig  the  rensonr*  which  prompted  to  that 
undertaking,  and  promised  (he  fairest  pmnpert  of  success, 
unless  the  enemy  fihnnid  recall  a  consiileruhlc  part  of  their 
force  from  the  soiilhwurd."  * 

It  having  heen  decideil  that  tn  tho  next  campaign  New 
York  wiis  to  he  thr  firsl-  ol>jecliv«t  point,  pre[tai"iit!ons  for  the 
departure  of  the  French  idlies  from  Khode  It>land  were  at 
once  commenced.  For  sevenil  weeks  great  activity  pre- 
railed  in  Newport  and  in  Pi^ividcnce.  Siege  guns  and 
magazines  were  brought  up  from  the  former  to  the  latter 
town,  for  greater  safety,  to  \w  forwarded  when  required, 
and  Providence  temporarily  became  »  grand  d6p:*>t  of  mili- 
tary stores.  Teums  for  the  transportation  of  commissary 
stores  and  forage  were,  ns  rapidly  as  possible,  secured.  It 
WU9  decided  in  council,  uRer  dnc  considenitiou,  that  M.  de 
Ikirrati  mhuuld  remain  al  Neuport,  rather  than  go  wtth  his 
fleet  to  lioston.  In  consequence  of  this  decision,  five  hiin- 
dre<l  French  troops  were  detached  from  the  main  army,  to 
which  wci-e  iidded  one  thousand  American  militia,  all  jiliiircd 
under  the  command  of  M,  de  Cholsy,  **  Brigadier  of  the 
forces,"  to  remain  for  the  protection  of  the  fleet  nnd  of  the 
inland. 

On  the  night  of  May  2«th-29th,  an  Attempt  ivas  made  in 
Newport  to  assasj^iniite  M.  la  Itorrfllcre,  an  othcer  of  artil- 
lery.    The  officer,  although  having  received  several  sabre 


•  Wuhincton  to  iron.  John  stdUivn,  Hay  S9,  irfl. 


J^OV5  ,   /£.4.V  -  BAPTISTE  -  DONATTEN 
DEVIMEUR,  CT£.D£ROCHAMB£AU, 

^iiufiaMt/<  f     rn      %j\.auni{f<im  ,     tatmmMii^Ht    tun      C«Im    it^ 


^fi'sm^*^ 


A 


•^^  jU-jr^:^- 


^  g^Q  ^f^c^tc^*"-^*** 


Fjni  yC^^ >1^««6.^^  .yi-i-^^/* 


7Jtii  MoHi 


PaM  IHVXn    HT    BuCtlAMMKAC    TO    JOUK   UBVBBLT. 


OUR  FOEKCH  AT.LIES. 


U9 


wounds,  survived.  The  wonld-Iw  a^sflssin,  a  sergeant  in  his 
conipnuy,  cndeiLvoreil  In  dmwn  him^ctf,  but  M'as  drawn  out 
of  llio  waliT,  tried  wilhout  delay,  condemned,  and  after 
having'  his  hand  cut  off  he  wm  hung. 

On  the  7th  of  June  a  grand  farewell  dinner  was  given  by 
M.  dc  Runns  on  hoard  (he  "l>ue  de  Boiirw-ogne."  Sixty 
giicftts  were  present,  several  of  them  being  ladies  from  New- 
port and  the  vicinity.  The  quarter  deek  was  iiiTanged  with 
sails,  and  nmdc  a  very  handsome  hall.  On  the  same  day  a 
council  of  iidaiiiuBtnitioii,  ontnposcd  of  ofKcors  of  the  land 
and  sea  services,  was  lu-ld.* 

During  all  the  weeks  of  preparation,  and  up  to  the  hour 
of  his  dupiii'ture,  Genenil  l{i>clianibcau  Wits  busily  oeeupiod. 
One  of  the  last  uses  he  made  of  his  pen  was  to  iittach  his 
signature  to  a  pa^ss  given  to  .John  lieverly,  Ksq.,  High 
SheriiV  of  Providence  county.  A  slightly  reduced  fac-simile 
copy  of  this  document  is  given  on  the  preceding  page.f 


•artndittrd. 

t  John  lie<iirr\j,  Rm).,  wu  Iwra  In  VJf^l^atl.  Haw.,  Jmiuij  til.  1730.  am)  Jleil  In  Prarl. 
ikDOT,  Itity  )V,  1H11.  In  llir  >c\vnty-(lilnl  yvar  urhbic*.  Be  WlUiwrd  lo  Jnlinilvn,  whcrv 
ti*  marnril  Annr  Slir|jlui>.  wliii  nt^i  hririi  .Iiiihibt7I1i  17*0, kn4  rlliNt  In  I'nnldrnon,  i^tp- 
trmln't  i"-,  V7,  In  lli*  fnil|'.»i||lilli  yviu  of  lii't  njiF.  In  1770,  Mr.  Hi'vi-ilr  wm  clrcl«!  a 
lifpair  from  JolicihlDii  iotli«  Oiicisl  Arrpmttly.  Tlir  ibil^  of  ljl«  r^movitl  Into  l'ro*i<tvnc(> 
dut*  iiol  ii|>prAr.  Ill  inn.  !■«'  «M  ii|ip>)lnlcd  »  r«enH<1n|{  affit4-r.  "  tn  rr<!ruill  iiioi  In  iltl  ib|i 
ih*  b«llal!i>ii  raUInu  wllhlii  llin  Stotv."  tn  ITW,  hr  was  vl*«ltH|  bf  tl'^  (ii'iniul  Auwiiihlj- 
niflh  .■ilicrlir  tor  I'rvvlilo.w  coiiiiiy,  ami  In  thai  yi-wr  rcotiicd  rtvfli  lliv  |)iiblle  irfoaurr 
£ftM  "fur  ri|H'iitn  lii  uiiiirt'hrnilhif;  liunelni"."  Hi^  li^M  llic  ofBi-r  of  ShrrilT  for  •rvvrai 
fpan,  •ml  Aiilliriilly  illuliuficwl  III*  rlmln.  In  puliiln  >i»  «a«  of  (hv  J#flirT*«n  aohaol,  aiMl 
uHr^ly  adi-itoBii'd  ttir  i>rlu<:lpk>4of  MtjMi^j.  T)i«ljaiw  ofhla  niarriaira  wu  Aire ohUdreBi 
TJa  :  HtcphcD.  Uirii  Harelip.  17Ct\  and  •llnl  July  4.  ISK:  Uarr.  b«rti  Oclobn-ll.  inUiaiHl 
dted  A|>rll  '.■!,  IMM ;  Anna,  tiuni  Dnvnilirr  3,  1707,  anil  <Mvd  Srplpinbn  7!,  Umt:  Sarah, 
born  >lA(dt  -Ji),  ir?^,  n&d  dlci]  i  tctulifr  K  irvi :  Ulubrih,  born  Januair  iv.  KM),  wba  waa 
tnati[rd  to  ■lotiB  ilnlalrn  (Invar,  tlii^  falhcr  of  (hr  late  Judge  Albert  (iorlon  (irernc  Slia 
(l<(d  htliruary  17.  I^M.  The  rvtaatun  of  Hr  Jnlin  Defcrlf,  and  llioac  itt  liU  hoill}',  lt«  tn 
llirNnrili  lliirlal  (irtiuiiil.  'Hir  rpfiiiij  oa  hi*  gratr.ttODr,  l>,  Ibat  l>«  mu"  n  klnil,  fiiiliil- 
getit  liunhaiMl  uMil  Aiili4T,  an  abH|[lnj(  nrlghlior.  nml  fl-1rni)ly  tn  all  nipn."  Of  hli  roiuort  It 
If  r^onli'il  ibar,  "  »hr  iroi » irToicd  wifp,  4taur>itrr,  alMrT  aud  ftlrn<l ;  n  Ktittna*,  armpa* 
IbtilnK.  uT)»iilriiriil!oui  alni»>|[Ivrr ;  n  (nrrk,  mnflillng.  Ilbrcvl  clrrlillnn.  Kuck  the  waa  Id 
llfi.'  aixl  III  'li-ntli.'* 


390 


RHODB  ISLAND    IS    THE    HEVOI.UTtON. 


THE  ARMY  ON  THE  MOVE. 


PRBLIMINAKY  MOVKMFXTS.  — TROOPS  LEAVE  NKWPOKT.  — 
KNCAMP  IN  I'tMJVlUKNUE.  — MAJICH  TO  OOBBB'  KERRY.— 
CAMPAKiN  AGAINST  NEW  YORK  ABANnOSEI).- MARCH  TO 
PHILADELPHIA.  —  RECEPTION  THKBE.  ~  MARCH  TO  YORK- 
TOWN. 

^7%  S  the  day  of  departure  of  the  troops  drew  nigli,  M. 
d^^  Blanchard  aud  Count  iHinms  were  sent  forwai*d  on 
the  de»>i<;tHi(cd  route  of  raureti,  to  nmrk  out  u  piiecession  of 
cncnmpmonts,  and  by  anticipation  to  provide  for  the  imme- 
diate wants  of  tJio  army.  M.  lUnndiard,  with  two  sei-vants 
and  three  horses,  left.  Vrovidonee  .hinc  Ifith.  He  dined  iit 
Waterman's  Tavern,  fiOeen  miles  from  the  town.  A  dinner 
for  the  three,  and  forage  for  the  hw-scs,  cost  Iiim  nine  livres 
—  by  no  mcanft  an  extravagant  charge.  The  nij^bt  was 
l>889ed  at  Plainfield,  at  a  cost  of  eijrliteen  Hvres.  At  Bolton 
be  Uy  fiiek  "  atler  a  fatiguing  uiart-h,"  and  »t  Hmlfmil  ho 
spent  several  days  in  estaMtshing^  a  Hospital,  and  where,  ho 
says,  ■'!  was,  by  way  of  parenthesis,  compelled  to  lifHit,  in 
the  presence  \^  a  great  number  of  Anierteans,  witli  three 
nnrscs  who  mtitinipd."  Pursuing  his  journe}',  he  re-ai'hed 
theAmeriuun  nrmy.lunc  211th.  On  tlio  29th  he  dined  under 
a  tent  with  Washington.  Twenty-five  covere  were  Initl  for 
officers  of  the  array.  "The  table  was  served  in  the  Ameri- 
can atylc,  and  pretty  abundantly:  vcgetablos,  roast  beef, 
kmh,  chickenit,  salad  dressed  with  nothing  hut  vinegar, 
grui>n  peus,  puddingif  and  some  pie.u  kind  of  tart  greatly  in 
iwe  in  Kngland  and  among  the  Anioriciins.  TTicy  gave  n8 
ofl  the  sumo  plate,  beef,  green  peiu,  lamb,  etc.  At  the  cod 
of  the  dinner  the  cloth  was  removed  and  some  ^ladeira  wine 
was  brought,  whieh  was  passed  aroiindt  whilst  drinking  dif- 


OITB  FREXCH  ALLI£3. 


391 


fercnt  heiilths,  to  the  King  of  Fniiico,  the  French  army, 
etc."*  Of  the  eeatiments  given  at  the  table,  one  waa  in 
honor  of  Count  de  Grnsse. 


FAREWELL  TO  NF.W  POUT, 

On  the  morning  (]f  June  KUh,  at  5  uVlock,  (he  French 
camps  that  for  eleven  months  hnd  been  iiinintiiined  in  New- 
port and  vicinity,  wore  bioken  up,  aud  the  hrigadcp  of  llour- 
bonnois  and  of  Soissonnois  took  their  departure  for  Provi- 
dence. Anxious,  lut  the  offieers  hud  often  expressed  thcm- 
Bclvcft,  to  cxeliMnge  the  Kt'Jice  of  g»icty,  to  which  they  had 
Lirgcly  contrihuicd,  for  the  fiehl  of  Man*,  the  hour  of  sepa- 
ration front  families  in  which  th^y  hitd  fonnd  welcome 
bonu^,  viiis  liiiged  with  madness.  These  scenes  were  never 
to  he  repeated,  and  adieus  were  uttered  in  lone*  of  affco- 
tionate  regret. 

Tlie  liijops  were  conveyed  to  Providence  In  boat«,  and 
reitclted  tlic  town  at  nine  oVlotk  in  the  evening.  It  wii# 
then  loo  hitc  to  luy  out  a  camii,  pitch  the  tents,  and  obtain 
the  necessary  straw  and  wood.  The  Baron  Viomesnil 
obtained  permi^sioti  frnni  the  town  authorities  to  occupy 
8CVond  large  empty  houses,  and  there  the  siddicrs  lodged 
for  the  night.  The  next  day  cnmp-s  were  formed  on  the 
plain  adjacent  to  the  "  West  IJurial  Ground,"  where  the 
troo])«  remained  one  week. 

Under  the  nnthority  of  the  General  Assemldy,  George 
Irish,  Ksq.,  impressed  in  Newport  county  a  sufficient  num- 
ber of  teams  to  tniusport  Ihe  hnggjige  and  stores  of  Ihe 
army  from  Newport  to  Uriptol  Feiry ;  and  Nathaniel  Fate*, 
Esq.,  was  empowered  to  make  a  similar  impressment  within 
the  county  of  Uristol,  to  convey  the  baggage  and  stores 
from  Bristol  Ferry  to  Providence.  On  the  13lh  of  June, 
Gcneml  lioi-hambeau  bade  adieu  to  his  memorable  head- 
quarters, and  to  hi.s  numerous  Newport  friends.  The  same 
day  ho  arrived  in  Providence. 

■BlKixtiBnl.  |>.lie. 


OUR  FHENCH  ALLIES, 


393 


*  A  Ran  hotly  of  men  n-m  n^ver  In  arms,  nod  no  «nny  wns  erer  b*lUT 
niniUboU  ultli  cvcryihlns  neceswio'  for  n  Mii)p.il^n.  The  fxacl  dti^ciplliw 
uf  ibv  troops,  aiid  Uk-  atlcnthiii  or  tlie  omi-erii  to  pn>r«>iit  *ay  Injury  to 
liulivlOuuKs,  liavt-  mnil*;  iht  morch  of  thia  nrmy  lliroii^li  lli«  cooniry  very 
a^reeablf  to  the  InlmltltJtnts;  iinil  li  Is  vrith  ^irciit  jjUa>*irf  nc  nasurc  oor 
mricrs,  not  a  9lii;;l(>  dUngrci-ablc  uircumaUiiicc*  li:ii>  tiiki-ii  place." 

On  llicir  nuirLh  thi-oii*;;!!  Connccliciit,  tliK  French  troops 
ivere  everywhere  rceciv<^<l  witli  nuirked  lUteiiliou.  Iii  IM.tin- 
fietd,  WiiiiUiaiii  niitl  llullon,  in  Newlown  ami  Wootllmry.  in 
Miihllclowii,  UiillingfDrd,  North  Stratford,  nnd  Hartford, 


;iijiniiii|iiiiilTj  [iiiinmiii    Imitii  iiuiiiTi  iiiiiiiiiililiiiiiuHniiiiiuilmiMnL 


TUK  CnijuiKi.  Samviu.  B.  Wiuib  Itavnic,  WirruKMiu'iKLUk  CO!)3i.* 


*iDihUli«UP,n'iutiliiinonaf]d  KoqlmiubcKU  held  llM-lr  «iaror«^cr. and  dcddtl  uvon 

till-  |>lkti  vT  ■niiituii;ri  nsiiiml  \fir  Vork,  iAnlti  p.  SSJi  )  I'nloiirl  f^HniHrl  II.  Wriili  Kit' 
turn  III  Wi-llivnli-lil,  t>n.'pinl«.-r    Ifl,  I7.i1.     I>ut[ii|[  tlip  ltpii>Iutl(iiiiir'|r  Win,  lir  wnn  lurrM- 

tlvHy  a  niembrr  al  llii'  mllliikry  fninDict  uf  GMiurnlN  rmniiin  uiitl  W**litDjt1on.  Ht  mflcr- 
wardacominntidiil  D  rrplnirnl  »f  c»ntIui-i>liU  troii]ii,  and  In  ITO  um  inmli'  lln-vi'i.llHpi- 
tlkT-Grnrtml.  Hv  "n* nii  Drlh'luul  mrnilwr  u(  iln-  "ijrW)  nl  ilu- i'hul>iii«M  llt-aaKikp 
Mlirr  nl  <ii-tir'rnl  .Intxt-i  Wb<«)d  VTtbli.  lor  niMi:i'  jfttrt  llir  IiiHui'iiIIbI  nlJiur  of  «  Hvvi 
Yorll  dallj  jiiiiM'r,  nml  oT  (ipiicral  AlrX>oi1rr  S.  Wrljli,  kIio  ilUiiii^ultlird  liliiiH'ir  liir  (nl- 
Iftiit  NTvlct't  ax  ail  urilllrry  vmcr  in  t\w  (a<c  "  War  «f  llti-  IEfIii-IIIhii."  Pip  *Dlijt-r(  nt  tltl« 
IitIbT  iinlkr  iru  iiulnl  fur  a  gL-iicrdiir  Iiu>;iI|bI1I}'.    llr  dlnl  ul  t']ii>rracki  7i.  Y  .  Ii<>tcnibct 

SO 


3»2 


KlIOPE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLCTION. 


THE   MARCH    COMMENXBIV. 


Oa  the  ISth  of  June,  "tlie  spArklmjj  regiment  of  IJour- 
honnois,"  oil  tlie  VJtii  Ihe  regiment  of  Itoyal  L>LMix-Potits, 
un  the  SO(h  tlic  n-giincnt  of  Soissonnois,  iind  on  the  3l8t 
tlie  regiment  of  S«iiitonge,  left  successively  the  cuntps  at 
Providence,  keeping  iilwiiys  between  each  other  the  distnneo 


TiiK  RxnoT  Vhwrniii- 


of  a  d»y*8  march.      Cnfwds  were   present  tu  witness  the 
departure. 

On  the  21th,  the  GenerHl,  with  the  first  division  of  his 
army,  ruiiched  Hartford.  The  thi-ee  other  divjiiioiis  arrived 
on  the  thrcn  following  cinya.  The  finit  division  left  on  the 
25th,  and  the  others  followed  in  the  order  of  their  iirrivul. 
The  troop.i  niiulc  ii  very  fuvurahlc  iiuprcstjion.  A  Hartford 
paper,  under  dutc  of  July  3,  says : 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


393 


'  A  fliicr  body  of  mun  was  sever  In  ariDB.  and  no  army  was  ever  better 
nirnKhcdwIili  every ililns  necMfiary  fjr  n  caiiipiilj^n.  Tliecxacultsclpllue 
of  the  l]u()[j^.  mill  tin*  Htt(;iiiri>ii  of  llic  ofllrcrs  lo  prevent  niiy  li\iiiry  to 
]ii<li<'ltlual»,  lm»i'  nciile  lliu  inanti  nf  ttils  nrnty  llimn^li  llm  cinimrjr  very 
ngreenlilv  to  Ihr  liiliiil)<ctitit«t ;  imkI  II  l»  wUli  ureal  pli-nMire  w>;  iLt^nre  our 
readers,  not  il  ■^liiKle  dtsiigrcenljlc  c1rcum»t:ince  biia  ukeu  place." 

On  their  marrli  thmiigh  Connecticut,  the  I'rencli  Irnops 
vscK  everywhere  i-eccived  with  ni.-irkcd  udeiitiun.  In  Pliiin- 
lietd,  Wiinlhuiii  iiiul  Hcillon,  in  NcM'town  imU  ^VncMllmry,  iu 
Miiltilulowii,  Walliiigt'ortl,  North  Stratford,  nnd  Hurttortl, 


iMiiiimliTiinniiJ  iiiiiiiiiinl    !ii[ni|triiijii|i}!ii|iiii|  iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiuiit  iiHiiim 


TliK  Cni^XNt.  (UuuBL  U.  n  itan  IIousr,  n  eTii£BHriBi.P.  t'ONH.* 


*  III  Itjlr  liiiniw,  WH^htiiKTan  and  Rorhambpnii  hrlil  rMr  nuiTrtv-ner,  nnA  drddrJ  iipun 
Ihu  iilan  at  a  iraiii|Hit<ii  anaiiiFt  New  Yorli,  lAitIf  p.  .?SJ.>  l'nloai-1  Mitiiucl  B.  Wrbli  wn* 
Iioru  iu  MVilnTillrlil,  Urci'inlwr  Ifl.  17KI.  Iliirliiji  thi-  Ki-tnliiilmtafv  Wu/,  hi-  mis  »u«e«- 
ttvvtj  m  incintipr  »f  ii>c  wlllinrj  (ainifimvt  iivtirrni*  riiiiintii  hihI  U'a'hiiiginn.  Ilfsfler- 
WMila  Minmandril  •  rrKlni'-nt  tif  ctitlutninl  iruop),  ami  iii  t;M  n'n>  nin4i'  Ureri-rllrtn- 
Arr-G>iirrRt.  It*  vnui  lui  nrl^iinil  ntpitiLiTr  uC  Ilit'  SucIftv  ul  itir  Citxliiiiiili  Hr  ■■■  llir 
flilhrr  «4  IJmrmI  .lim>r*  n'uituii  Webb.  Inr  mnii}'  }rura  Tliv  liiniU'iillal  mlltnr  of  ■  NVw 
York  dally  |iii|>>-r.  uiiil  iif  rii-iirral  AliKiibtlcr  M,  Wrbh,  who  dlflln^ iil'liisl  liEmtrK  n>r  aal- 
Uii4  ■rnim  »  «ii  Mt-rllli-rt  oIRcit  Id  iIip  Uie  "War  uf  ilw  Iti-U-lllmi  "  Tliir  (iimrcl  of  IliU 
lirk*  eoliec  wu  n»w<l  for  >  ccnrrou*  booplulHr.  He  <lk«l  at  Clnvtrack,  S-  V  ,  Kmrmtwr 
3.1X0?. 

N 


VM 


RHODE   ISLAND   Ut   THE   KEVOLUTIOX. 


the  inhaliitdnts  ric<l  with  tUc  ruml  population  nioiig  ihc 
routes  pursued  by  the  suvvnil  divisions  of  Iho  uiiuy  in  fur- 
nishing refreshments,  and  in  rendering  other  services  lo 
relieve  the  miiivh  from  tedium. 

Burniek-niuKten;.  appointed  by  Governor  Truiiibull  and 
bin  counei^  ivnitrd  tipon  the  nllics  at  every  im|K)rljint  sta- 
tion. Some  of  theto  mnslcrs,  Uy  espwini  direction  of  the 
Governor,  aeconijmnied  them  on  their  uitin.-h  —  ns  did'par- 
tieulnrly  Dr.  Joshua  Khlerkin,  of  Windhnni,  with  great  ant- 
isfaction  to  Rochantheau,  all  the  wny  from  the  point  where 
the  troopj*  iirst  louehed  C'onneetieiit  tin  ihe  eiisL  to  their 
encumpnieiit  on  the  green  meadows  of  Ilartfoi'd.  Fresh 
hoi-see  and  oxen  from  farms  by  the  way  were  also  freely 
loaned,  to  linsten  «p  the  tent  etjuipagcs  delayed  by  slow  ox 
teaini*,  weaiied  by  h  long  <\uy'^  nmrch  Ix-ncath  u  broiling  «un, 
wliilc  a  hospitable  weleinne  was  given  in  private  dwellinga 
to  many  wojiry  otfieoix.* 

While  halting  for  a  niglit  at  Woodbury-  where  iheir 
eneampment  extended  "a  diiitnnee  of  nearly  throe  miles," 
they  wore  regaled  hy  David  Sbennan  with  a  libcnd  sn|>iily 
of  iipples  and  "seven  or  eight  Iwirrele  of  new  ei<ler,"  the 
product  of  hi»  mill.  'I'lie  evening  Imure  were  enlivened 
with  a  dance,  "in  which  some  of  the  Woodbury  damsels 
jfjjiied."  t 

Oil  the  id  of  -Tuly,  Ctcnend  I<iiicoh)  wilh  a  detachment  of 
eight  hundred  men,  iirtciniitetl  (he  sui-prise  of  Ihe  enemy's 
posts  upon  the  north  end  of  York  island.  The  enterprise 
proved  uusuet^estiful.  On  the  ()th.  General  Itochanibcau 
with  his  army  formed  n  jnoL-tion  with  General  Washington, 
nejir  "l>oldts'  Ferry,"  on  the  Hudson.  'ihe  Americans 
enciimped  in  two  fines,  with  their  right  rej^ting  on  that  river. 
The  French  occupied  the  le(^,  iu  a  single  line  extending 
to  (lie  river  Hnmx.^ 


I.UV)  orOov,  .IiMMUiuiiyumbutl.ii.UI. 

ISjurta. 


t  nbi.  WM>ibDr>.  p.  so. 


OUIt  FRENCn  ALLIES. 


399 


Iinmcdiiilcly  after  tho  arrival  of  the  Freiuh  nllics,  Wasb- 
inr^un  ismicil  tlit;  fdllowing  order  of  ihaiiks  : 

"The  Coitaiiani!er-ln-Cltler  witli  plwiiHure  omhniccii  the  cnrllest  public 
oppnrtmiliy  of  cxprcostitx  his  timuks  to  UN  EscWIcncy  thr  Connt  ilo 
linit-liaiiiWiLU  fttr  tliu  uiireniUtlns  leol  Mith  ulilcli  lu-  \ias  prosecuteil  lils 
n^HiTli  hi  onlci-  to  ilirm  llw:  Ii>ri^-ni»ht.-(l  Tor  Jtmcllon  ln-Hvi-vn  llic  Freuch 
and  Aimrlc.-iii  fDrros,  nn  cvitit  wlilcli  most  hIToiyI  the  lii;*lH*st  ilcgrvc  of 
pk'tLHiii-i;  to  fvcry  rrii-i«l  of  his  roinKry.  nml  froia  wIiUli  Hit-  Impplcst  con- 
fiei|tii-iii't*«  arc  u*  he  rxpcrtcil,  TItc  Oi-neral  cntrcfllK  His  Kx*cllciicy.  the 
rmml.  tn  CiiiUfV  to  the  otllii'io  niiil  Bolilk-i-n  umler  U\f  lmt»n-di;ilc  coni- 
iiiiiiiit  Uio  grnli-nil  »'rn»c  lie  ciitrrtaitiK  of  llio  chcerfiiliuMi**  w  illi  h  lik-h  tliwy 
pr-rfoi'iiivil  so  long  ncd  Inhoriouv  a  itmrcli  nt  ilils  extrvmc  Wt  smson.  Th« 
reeimciiL  of  Siiliit  An;:e  i^i  t-niltli-d  to  p<.'rii1iar  nckitnivlnlsinetiLi  Tor  tb<! 
Kpli'll  ivUli  ivbicb  lUcy  coullnuvd  nmi  supportMl  lli(7tr  inarcli  without  one 
day's  respite."  • 

'I'lie  luiilrd  forced  liiy  here  pncnmpod  durinjr  six  wpt'k:*. 
«nd  (djins  for  a  j^enenil  sittack  on  tlio  erioniy  were  formed, 
Ijiit.itsnnn  Iii^rninc  a]r|)Hn>nt,  tlmt  n'itltoiil  a  siiprnor  nnvat 
fiirce,  it  would  be  <li(h't*ult  to  PiiiTy  tlicac  out.  General 
Ko(.-Ii:imhe)iu  liiiJ  eonx'sjjonded  willi  Cotitit  de  Oraasc  in  ivf- 
iiiTiuo  lo  opurjitiiig  upon  ihc  soiillK'iri  ooasl,  prtiscniiiig  "a 
picture  of  the  distresses  of  tlic  southern  .Stnt««,  and,  above 
nil,  of  \irpiiiia,  which  had  nothing  tn  oppose  tllP^nrofffls  of' 
Lord  t'ormvallis  hut  a  small  body  of  troops  under  Lafayetle." 
While  he;^itatin;f  U>  make  the  ''enoi-aj  attack  above  men- 
Honed,  there  was  received  at  Newport,  from  Count  de 
<;rassp,  a  letter,  stalin;?  that  he  shoidd  soon  sail  from  St. 
Domingo  with  bi.s  entire  fleet,  having:  on  hoard  tliree  ihon- 
sond  tvrv  hnndrcd  land  troops,  to  1>e  employed  in  the  Chesa- 
penke.  TIiIfi  letter  M-as  forwarded  tn  (.Jencrnl  Washington. 
The  time  lliat  (he  Connt  had  prescribed  for  tliiis  o]>cration 
was  between  llio  middle  of  Angnst  anti  the  middle  of  Oeto- 
l»r.  Snch  intelligronce  led  at  once  to  a  change  in  tho  plan 
of  operation.  I-'niiher  imniedialc  altcmpt  upon  New  York 
was  almiitloned,  and  the  two  (jcnends  decided  upon  a  cam- 
paign in  Virginia,  to  act  against  Comvvallis.      Yorktown, 

•  WulilngiOB*! Orderlr  Dwik«,  Am.  tlttb  Hrc,  ill.,  Wt. 


OUK   FRENCH   ALMSS. 


397 


bor.  A  Fn-nch  bakery  was  nho  cslnhllshcd  al  cTniiham,  ax  a  blind  to  tlie 
tfucmy,  which  shnnld  i*trengthrn  ihc  opinion  Unit  opcrntlnns  wfrn  Inlcmk-d 
III  that  qonrtcr.  (JoiiiTnlWn.vh  lite  ton  rcmninca  ivlth  the  nrniy  llll  Ihe 
HOD).  U'hcii  Ik-  mid  Count  dc  Kirjcbnmtiean  !it-t  olT  fur  rhlliicIolpMa,  and 
ftrrlv«l  tht-re  llie  next  (Jriy.  Ilv  )iiuii<-(liHti-ly  »[>plUil  liUiicelf  to  provltlc 
vcsseU  aiiU  uthvr  niriius  of  iniDHporthig  tlie  nmi}',  tMij|(}cn||ic,  atid  stores 
ftOTn  Trvnton  to  the  beati  oTtbc  Elk.  So  ftw  vessels  coiitd  be  ftniml,  that 
on«  reeiment  only  wriit  by  wnUir.  with  tbti  8tori-8,  dovrii  the  Delaware 
unci  ap  Chrltttlun:)  crerh.  All  the  remaliitng  trnop.i  miirclictl  by  InuJ,  nod 
reitclH-it  I'lilludelphta  S<-ptcml}er1th  "* 

KECEPTION   AT  PHILADELI'lllA. 

"ThearrlvBl  of  the  French  army  nt  Pblladclpbla  trns  more  liken  tri- 
iimpli  ihim  4lmpt>'  n  pM^iag  thron;;)!  ihc  pluco.  Thr  troops  iiiiidc  a  halt 
nbofit  A  (lO  trier  of  a  leagiK-  (rnui  tin-  elly.  iiiiil  In  au  liLslaiit  wcrcdr»»»ciliw 
flcfjaiiLjy  ii.i  rvct  tht;  »n!iikT>i  or  a  yftrrlxDii  vrm  on  a  ilny  of  review. 
Tbcy  thi-ti  niarclivd  Ihrau^b  Ibe  Utwii  wlili  the  roilllary  njuhlc  plnying 
before  (hom,  which  \s  nlnnjs  pHrdculnrly  ptca»1ii)(  lo  Ibe  Ainerlcnns. 
The  nrvctx  tTvrc  rmttikvl  wHb  peiiple,  and  Ibe  la<IU-fi  apprared  nl  the 
ifluduwfi  In  tbtlr  moot  ftplendlO  attire.  All  Plillnilftpbln.  naii  HBtonlshcM 
tu  sotf  ppnpitt,  who  bad  «iKltir<-(|  the  ratlgiics  of  ti  lung  Joiiriioy.  so  ruddy 
and  bundsorne.  and  even  woni1erc<t  that  tljerc  could  possibly  bo  French* 
men  of  so  jietitn-l  an  apiicunmrr. 

"Thv  trortppt  next  tnnrched  In  single  (lie  Iiefore  the  Congrrs«  anil  M.  le 
L'hevalivr  ili-  )u  Luzeruv,  Minister  from  Ua-  Court  «f  i'ruoce,  and  after- 
wan]i4  ciicampod  Iji  a  lar^c  plain  cmiLljfUoiiH  to  tli«  rtvcr  Schuylkill.  Tho 
am  day  xTtrJ  our  arrival,  the  rrglmnil  of  .Sol!t»onnol9  went  ibroiiKh  ibe 
oserclae  of  Qro-arin.4.  .\t  lea.it  twenty  thoosand  peraonii.  anil  A  vahI  num- 
ber of  earrlaf!e«,  remnrkntilo  for  ttielr  llglitnesa  and  elegance,  added  lo 
the  liixln-  of  this  exhibition,  which  v«a»  Htlll  bHghU-ned  by  tho  pleasanl- 
ueas  of  the  alttintlon  and  Ibe  remarkable  sprenlty  of  tho  day.  The  rapidity 
of  the  iiiilttary  evolut1ou9,  the  s'lldivrly  tippcarance  of  Iho  troops  In  gen- 
<>ral  ami  Ibe  exactness  of  Ilielr  motions,  surprised  and  curaptured  the 
lieholders. 

"We  were  a  good  deal  amused  with  n  mifltake  of  Home  of  tbe  common 
people,  who  took  for  a  Renei-nl  one  of  thoae  alert  fellows,  whom  oar  com- 
manding oftU'crs  commonly  hiire  in  tbelr  rvtlnu**,  lo  run  np  and  dotrn  to 
carry  tbclr  writtvit  orders.  IIIh  ^hort,  tlght-bodted  coat,  hta  rich  walat- 
coBt  trilh  o  silver  fringe,  bU  ro»«-colorcd  »boi-»,  his  cap.-*  adorned  wUb 
A  coiit-or-arni.s.  and  bis  cane,  with  nn  mormous  bend, —  all  appeared  to 
ihC'in  »o  iniiny  tokens  of  extniordin.iry  dignity.  Tboufib  he  approached 
his  master,  the  Culoncl  CouinifindAut.  jiK-rcly  to  reoeirc  and  piihll.sh  bla 
ordem,  the)  inia^ilni'd  that  he  gavcr  thi>Mi  iif  his  owu  accord,  and  dlrectMl 
the  moremeiits  of  the  troops,  Independently  of  any  mipertor. 


•Spwk*. 


OUR  FRENCH   ALLIES.  399 

"  TliB  ninn<BiHTC«  of  our  triiop*  mWcd  ilie  niosi  flnltcrinf:  «x|tM:iolinii« 
In  ihii  ni\m\s  nT  tlic  Pppcintora,  niid  ihoy  did  not  lic!*lUin;  lo  rttcltirt?  lliat 
mich sulititTH  tvpiv  invln<-|l)le  TtiU  ilny  was  ilvMltiLit  for  Diviimbjv niiiiiiH. 
M.  It;  CtievitliiT  ilr  In  Liixcriic  *vha>  on  tliis  nrcnnlofi  rwplvcd  liU  i-umilry- 
^Willi  iIk;  dignity  Jiiitl  gtiicr.>»liy  nf  ibt  rcprtM-iitnllve  of  a  ffvfat 
Ch.  mill  tlif  rnnikm-JtJi  and  coinluillty  of  nn  liiilivkliiiil.  nflcr  llic 
Inriiwil  nil  tlip  iilTlc-crB  t'»  dint'  willi  liiiii.  Hanlly  were  we  nealeil 
nt  UiD  tnMu  whfM)  nn  exprees  arrived;  n  dlM)iil<-tiii|t  i>I1icritc-r  hiimrdialvljr 
9«lit«d  every  yiicul.  Our  vji-x  vwre  (iSi.f\  na  (lit*  OlicrnlkT  de  In  Luierne, 
evrry  i>ijg  trtnU'avtii'lD^  to  ^ic)>h  \tti:it  itic  iiiii<«iiui*  ivtmld  lurti  vai  to  be. 
•  Tldrly  six  hlilps  flf  tlip  llni",'  snld  lie.  ■  ronitniiiiilcci  by  Monsiwur  In  Cunil« 
(]c  (ini^-ii^,  nw  nrilM'il  in  C'tit^niK-Jikr  Uny,  miil  ilirt'c  rhniisAihrl  men  l):ivc 
l.iiidcil  nnd  tipuncd  a  roitininnliaiixii  uilli  ilic  MiirquU  dc  la  Fnycttr!' 
Joy  n»d  jiood  liiunor  hiiniidliildy  rvntiitK-il  Ilitir  [,>lm;v  on  tvory  coiiiite- 
iinnce.  Our  liiii>ink'i)t  k-ndor^i  huenn  toconni  llif  days,  and  rtckuu  liuti; 
Ion;:  It  ivoiild  he  Ik'Totc  lhi;y  <M>iiId  bftvi!  It  In  tlitlr  piiwnr  to  face  the 
t'Htmy.  mtd  ihi'lr  kciied  Imngldnilona  inadt^  ll  much  shorter  tlinn  It  after* 
imnli*  proved  in  Ik-  llcnllhs  vri-rr  ticxl  dniiilc,  and  llittl  uT  tli«  MliihU-r 
uf  llic  Miirin"  nt  KraTifp  wns  not.  forpijl.trn,  wUnso  aclivllj  ami  great  abil- 
ity ti&vc  patcd  tlie  tvtiy  lu  the  Hn."^^  l>rilll«[it  stiwo-i-ies  or  our  fleet;  ihe 
prv^Fticv  uf  his  ooii,  M-  Ic  CoiniL-  dv  CliHrliiic.  i^<.'L't)iid  Colurii?!  uf  iIk-  rviicf* 
iiiont  of  Salutunirc,  luldwl  htill  inoro  lo  our  plcnxiirc  mid  salisAtcttuii. 

"Anion;;  otlifr-.  t'h/iilirs  Thunipsoii,  Tlic  Secretary  nf  ('ongress.  tlio 
.'*riiii  or  lliiil  political  body,  ciuiiL-  nlso  to  [-cci-Up  mid  prcsrnt  blif  conipll* 
uiPDt-t.  I  IN  nii-n^re  n;:nr(Miiid  fVirruwcilcomiU-iiniicc,  tiis  hollovr.sparklln]; 
vyv«.  Ms.  wbllc,  ntrKlulil  liiilr,  lliat  dlO  not  hang  quite  »o  low  as  Ills  i^ura, 
flxcd  our  lliiiroiiuli  fiuvntloti,  oiid  filled  us  nUli  mirprUc  ami  nd miration. 

"Tlic  lni[iiiriaiit  news  uf  the  arrival  of  lh«  Couul  dc  Grusso  was  xwa 
spread  tlirou^fhont  ihc  city,  and  cchot-t*  of  Joy  wert  liwiril  from  fvcry 
ijiiartLT.  iconic  htcrry  ft'lki\r»,  motinU.-<j  on  scaffolds  nnd  statri-a,  pro- 
iiotiiicc<l  fiinvral  orations  for  Cornwallls,  aid  niten-d  lameiU-illous  on  Ibe 
prief  and  di>lip»*  of  lh«  Inrirs.  Tlic  prij|d«  ran  In  crowd"  to  Ihw  rrxl- 
drace  of  the  Minister  at  France,  and  '  JMng  live  ImuIi  liie  tflzteendt  *  was 
thw  B«Deral  cry, 

"Ttiiis  yuii  see  tlie  people  an.'  unlvcrt^idly  pen^unOcd  of  ihe  succei'it  of 
this  expcdiliui).  <:ould  those  flatterlns  hopes  lie  realised,  llicy  would 
hasten  a  pcafe,  whlrli  tii  oiir^llLmlloii.  and  niidcr  the  nhv  nn<t  bciicvolcTit 
prlnco  tliiit  ^fovcrn^  dh,  would  place  France  In  n  point  of  view  that  liaa 
been  wtiully  iiiiknotrii  slncL-  tlie  existence  of  ber  niuiiareliy,"  • 

Tht"  Frencb  troops,  on  tlicir  mnn-h  fixnn  the  Hudson  to 
Pliilmlclpliiii,  nliseiTcd  tbc  Biimc  exact  discipline,  nud  the 
eame  freedom  from  trespass  lliat  distiuguishud  their  umrcfa 


•ClMildliix**  New  TntTd*,  p|h  »-lL 


-100 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  TUB  BKVOLUTION. 


Trom  Providence  to  Dobbs*  Feiry.*  From  Providence  to 
Kentown  lliey  mardied  by  regiments,  and  tlionce  by  bri- 
giitloH.  A  tublo  of  tho  scvenil  encampmcnU,  with  dis- 
tances, is  here  given.  It  U  copied  from  ouc  prepared  by  the 
Abbii  Kobiii,  a  Freneli  chitpliiiii  wbo  came  to  America  wJlU 
the  Count  do  Rarras,  nnd  joined  the  Solssonnois  at  Newport. 
It  is  prili((Hl  in  ht^  "  youvmtu  Vnifa{te  dans  L' Amnrufut  Sep- 
fenirinitiilc,  en  VAnnfe.  1781."  A  BJmihir  t»blo  Ja  lo  he 
seen  in  tho  Journal  of  Count  WJIIiiim  Denx-Ponts,  entitled 
" -Vy  Ciimpaiifnn  in  America  "  ii  work  Hdmirably  translated 
by  the  Honorable  Samuel  A.  Gi-een,  M.  D.,  Mnyor  of  Bos- 
ton. 

UOBTE  Er  CAMPS 
qv'n  fnttn  rarmit  da  Comtc  dn  ItocAamt/ta",  liiru  U  court  d*  la  eamf^ya* 

de  J  781. 


DATCS. 

CAllPfl. 

DUTAKCRS. 

Juin^ 

De  Xeirport  dtm  HJitide  Maud, 

»liHm  Aaft. 

11. 

k  Providence. 

SO 

II  nil  80. 

SfMinr, 

HI. 

a  WaU-rmnii, 

IS 

Zl. 

A  I'tniitlli-ld, 

18 

29. 

K  Windlianii 

la 

S5. 

a  noluju. 

i« 

:!4. 

k  EiisUarfunl, 

121 

Su  ftud  2l>. 

.VJtiur, 

K. 

i,  Furmlngton, 

iH 

Z8. 

It  Bnroii's-Tavcrn, 

18 

SS. 

a.  Breakiii^ck, 

IS 

•0. 

i  Nvwton, 

15 

■  Ihi  Po/ietM  Mj^  "  tbr  M-mir  iiT  Itiirlianibmu,  in  lt>  nmrrb  fnlm  Nnrpurt  lo  Yarfciawn. 
JKB»  w  IhuiQiiilil)'  wpll  oiHidu0t(<il.  Iliat  tlirrv  icki  nv(  vtvii  a  (IiikIv  ln>>Anci*nranii  of  ih* 
Hldietf  Ittklns  an  npplr  or  BpcacJi  ftom  a.a  otclmrtl  witlicut  IcArr  IuiyIox  brt'D  tHvvliiailr 
oltlxiiiPil."  A  nilur  mt'li.  Mi  ■  notr  tnnii  lliu  Du  I'unri'aii  iiin>iutr(i|!lt.  Ilit-nr  wot>I>  '  **  It 
KB*  glipn  uul  111  iti-iiprsl  vnl«r>,  Ibvt  ir  «  Fnticltmait  ilioulil  l>ati>  ■  <lU|iute  •wllti  mi  Antpr- 
lean,  thr  KrtiicIiniaD  thDulit  b>- pcinlitlicd,  vrliHIirr  )»■  has  Sn  thr  riiclit  or  in  th«  (rront,  hikI 
thli  rule  wa«  itrldly  RiIlH-rrd  lu.  I  ticlkip  ilicn^  f«  no  rximplc  of  unftliiuf  tlinlliir  In  bl>. 
ti>rr-"—l'"'"-  fif"!/  1  lli*t.  oBil  Bhff.,  U,  ,\i\  I,  IS7S, 

IVter  Mtphrn  Ouiioni.'t'au  vaj  bunx  iu  iIip  Iilr  of  itiif,  FVancp.  Jun^S.  ITM.    Il«  cant 

to  Ainnlru  wllli  itiirun  ^Irubm,  aiiil  atllilpd  him  In  pri-psriiig  Ilia  lyitoii)  uT  nrmjr  itltrl. 

p]lni>.  Ilr  «iu  (iinilw  tw^ictCapUIn,  vimt  ^cvr^larf  Iw  K.  K-  I.UInRtton,  iM")  lirttil  at  tof- 
el^  affhira.  lie  iiudleil  law.  aiiJ  tircumi  I'liiiiiini  In  llii' prAfi-taloD,  Tuminit  itltaiien- 
IktD  lu  lltL-ralure  ami  iclptm,  luc  Kllalueil  wurlU  wlJr  dldtuctlum  ■■  a  |>hllukigbt.  Ho  dlral 
In  1-blUiMplil*.  April  -J,  lOH. 


OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


401 


UATE8. 

camfs. 

I>I8TA^'C■8. 

Jvilht. 

1  er 

Sijour, 

2. 

k  Rldt^ebnry, 

19 

3. 

k  Nortlicastle, 

20 

i  and  5. 

SSjour, 

6. 

k  PhlUsbnry," 

as 

Aoit. 

20. 

k  NorthcnstI«, 

22 

21. 

a  Cranipnn, 

U 

23. 

a  Kliig»-Ferrj, 

18 

23  and  2*. 

Sejour, 

2o. 

a  Stony-Point, 

6 

2f5. 

k  Sufifcrency.t 

16 

27. 

a  Pompton, 

U 

28. 

a  Wlpeny.t 

16 

29. 

Sejour, 

30. 

k  Bullious'-Tavern, 

16 

31. 

k  Soiiiinvrsfet, 

17 

S'pttnitbre. 

I  er 

a  Prince  Town, 

IS 

2. 

a  TrtiiUin, 

13 

3. 

&  Llon'8-Tavem, 

IS 

4. 

k  PlitlaUelphie, 

15 

6. 

Stjoitr, 

a, 

k  Chester, 

16 

7. 

a  Newport, 

IS 

6. 

a  UeaU-Ofulke, 

18 

0. 

k  Suttqulneah-Ferry, 

16 

■    10. 

h  Bark-Tavern, 

U 

11. 

a  White  March, 

15 

1L». 

a  BHltlmore, 

12 

13.  Unud  13. 

SSjour, 

IG. 

'    k  Spire  H 

IS 

17. 

a  Coatb.§ 

16 

18. 

a  AimapolU, 
Sejovr  iusqae  au  21  uii  on 
a  mia  k  la  voile  dans  la 
bale  de  Ch4aap^ack  pour 
arriver  a  James-Town. 

8 

•rUIIIIpebiirg. 

tSulTemi.                      J  IlBnover 

or  Whippanj. 

II  spurrier's  Tiivprr,  "  now  llip  Waterloo  Tavern.     It  w»i  buill  by  one  of  the  Spuirltn  ol 
Annapolis,  anil  kuon  ii  l>y  )ii»  imme."— iVofe  tj  "  ify  Cttmpaigni,"  p.  130. 

f  Scott'B  i'laDlalton. 


61 


403 


BBODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  UEVOLDTION. 


DATRS. 

C»MP». 

nWTxSGKM. 

Oetoltfe. 

29. 

A  Jnini'S-Tourn, 

ITS 

!«. 

i\  WIUlBDiBburKb, 

« 

S7. 

&->«)■, 

IB. 

dcvaiit  Vorck, 

11 

ToUI, 
qui  (tint, 

TSI  mllM: 

:^J3  IIODM, 

Tor* 

L  dca  comps, 

s> 

At  Philiidelphia,  the  orderly  conduct  of  the  French  sol- 
dioi'8  sustninui]  tlio  good  reputation  Ihc^'  hiul  ae(|iitretl  ou 
ihoir  march.  Among  the  niimermis  noted  complinienlnry 
addresses  [>rei^nted  to  Genuralliuchamljuiiu,  (lie  luosL  uiiii|ue 
III'  tUt^'in  WH5  ()ii(!  froui  u  depiitatiuu  of  Frieiuk  in  that  city. 
Approaching  him  in  the  simplicity  of  their  dress  and  man- 
ners, the  eldu&t  said : 

"  Ocncrnl.  it  Is  not  for  Iliy  nillltai^  qiiAlitit^s  tbnt  ffc  comr  to  mnkc  thcc 
tlii»  vbilt.  W<!  tiinkc  uu  account  uT  taletita  rVirnriir;  but  tbnu  nrl  tbu 
tc\t!m]  of  mail,  xikI  tli)'  tinnf  then  lu  pern>ct  orUer  aiKl  dliKlplliie.  It  l« 
till)  that  IctijH  Hit  lu  pAy  tliee  our  respuvUi  ** 


Having  c^mplelod  some  ai-ningomcnts  in  Piiiladelphia, 
Genenil  Watihiii^ton  tinii  Gencnil  Kuchiimbeiiu  set  out  for 
Mount  Vernon,  whifh  they  took  in  tlieir  way  to  tlio  future 
tield  of  action.  They  reached  Willianiahui-g,  the  head- 
(juai-tors  of  I^iifayotto,  September  lUh,  in  advance  of  the 
army. 

After  a  short  rest,  the  troops  i-csumcd  their  march.  On 
arriving  at  KIklon,  it  appeared  that  there  was  a  deticienry  in 
boats  for  the  tmnspni-tation  of  the  tnmp*;.  Those  jinivided 
could  convey  ouly  twelve  hniKlrod  men,  and  were  all  devoted 
to  the  use  of  the  grenadier«,  ehassonm  and  infantry  of  Laii- 
zun'a  legion.  The  main  Iiody  of  the  army,  tliercfope, 
niai-ched  to  H:dtimore,  wbei-o  it  arrived  September  12lh, 
and  atlcr  Imlting  there  until  the  IGth,  continued   ita  way  to 


OUR    PRENCH   ALLIES. 


ioa 


Annnpolis.  Hero  It  uiul>Hrkcd  on  l)otinI  tho  "Honoulua,"  tho 
frigntes  "  Gentille."  "Diligcntc."  "Ai^elte."  "Iri«,"  the 
"  Richmond,"  nrul  nine  tnmsportfi, —  in  nil,  fitlcen  ves8ol». 
Tho  gqimdroii  sel  sail  September  21tst,  :iiiiJ  the  next  <lay 
nnchoretl  in  L.vnn  Haven  Enj*.  The  diiy  fitllowing,  il  iict 
sail  a<^Lin,  nnd  entered  tho  JiitnoB  River.  On  the  24th,  it 
readied  Ildg's  Feny,  whci-e  the  troops  diacnilmrkcd,  aiu! 
mari:he<l  thence  to  WiUijimsbui;^,  ivhicU  pluce  they  ivached 
Dn  the  2rith,  and  there  oncamped. 

For  he!id«jiiartpi"s  at  Witlinmshiu'g,*  General  Washington 
Dceiipied  u  niantiiun  M-hicb  betuugcd  to  Ibe  Cuslid  finiiily, 
known  as  tho  "six-chimney  hou&o."  There  are  now  no 
romuins  of  the  hnihling  proper,  and  oven  ite  cxnct  position 
is  not  certainly  known.  Thp  ground  forms  a  portion  of  tho 
garden  connected  with  the  Eastem  Lnnutic  Ai^ylum,  hut  it 
still  retains  the  nnme  of  tho  "  six -chimney  lot."  There  is 
still  standing  a  small  brick  out-lioi]»)o,  irhich  yvns  u»cd  as  a 
kitchen  by  the  former  occupants  of  the  mansion.  There  is 
a  handsome  yew  tix>c,  (which  trnditioii  deelants  to  bavo  been 
planted  by  Mrs.  Washington's  own  hand),  that  is  snpposed 
to  have  stood  just  at  the  fmnt  of  tho  house.  There  are  also 
some  majestic  holly  nnd  cedar  trees,  forming  —  together 
with  the  remains  of  others — three  sides  of  an  oblong  rec- 
tangle. Within  this  close,  facing  tho  west,  once  stood  tho 
nohlo  old  mnnsion.l 

•WlLLIAVflMRii  131  in*t.— "  WiainnntutX,  IhoaglioHiiiiknlblp  M  lb*  Mptlkl  Of  Vtr* 
glRla,blD  iMlirr  n^fpnl*  ■  plncv  uf  IIKir  liiijinriKDc*.  It  ■■  >1luu»d  opoa  >  piiiln.  liiv*I 
piMc  of  land.  «Bd  tlir  main  (ttrri,  pa»lni[  ihrvuKli  tlii'  mlJiti  u(  II,  Il  moT*  than  our  huti- 

■Iml  ftrl  In  mdlh.  Al  one  of  Ihc  rilrpinllli-i,  oiiil  fro-ritlnji  tliF  sInTi  \»  til*  C*pllOl.  tit 
fititc  lluoK,  n  imalJ  tiil  r^iiuln'  bullillnit.  Al  tlic  ;>11itr  rnil  U  lli«  CWIrKf  [  Wllliun  ami 
Umrj.  i-K  lull  lb  hill  In  ilUi.]  minlJr  iif  Miiilalnlng  thref  liBiiiltnl  «(uiltnl«.  TUtn  la  > 
llbrar;  iH'kinfflng  lo  II  ofaljunl  iliiv«' Thouiandiulunini,  ani]  bii  apiiaraliu  (urvxiMTiiuratal 
I>liltu)oi)l>y,  lolmhiy  oomiilt'Ir.     ....     11)c  tunua  of  anuf  bw  <lri<«(i  IrtMit  l»«nm 

lliiMr  nliu  Ii»i1  Ibu  i:«tr  uf  tlirac  |itill(i«i>iililml  Inatruuirfil* Wt  MHlld  nVMl 

OBly  one  Military  iirofcMOf,  of  llalUu  rxinclVm WIIIUinatnitK  iluca  nut  con* 

Win  above  one  hnndrrt  and  Utj  Inwca.— CAtMbUaC*  .V«tf  TYoivto,  pp.  M,  J*. 

t  It  Dtaj  be  lntnr*lln«  lo  dale  In  U^a  euniiretioli  thftl  Uri>«fiit  Wanlilnftos't  bOHf- 
noon  waa  apsat  lo  |Im>  ■■■Ixdilninv}'  liouie."  <taiiir  jron  ago,  a  Inrxv  blark  bulllr  of 
UHIi|iM  *hBp«  waa  int«rthKl  orar  Ihc  Mtc  of  the  inat»lon.  uputi  «lili'l>ua»  an  raiboaaMl 
oral,  arlttila  wblcb  Iba  itani«  1 . 1'USTIS  wa»  blon  n  In  the  gift.  Tlie  bolllr  ua*  prcMTTfd 
aa4  pn«cnl«<l  by  tin.  M*rj  Hn-l  I«  ttif  law  Jama*  (.'uitla,  aiiO  U  lUI)  rctnnlua  10  tba  (Im- 
nr>-Lttler/fvm  B.  A.  Bnxt.  Stg.,  to  Ilk  mCkor,  StpUmbar  14,  l»T». 


404 


RHODE   ISLAND  IN  THE  KEVOLDTION. 


From  the  Btart,  a  rolitrtniiop  1o  mnrch  south  (luring  the 
hot  senson  hnd  hccn  noanifcuted  hy  the  northoiit  trtxips. 
Geooml  Wushintrton  saw  Ihis,  aiid  was  nnxioiis  to  allay  tho 
focling.  He  appwirs  to  h«vo  thought  tlmt  a  specie  pay- 
ment of  dues  might  answer  that  end.  He  therefore  wrote 
to  the  Snperintt-iHlent  of  Fiiinnee  : 

"  I  mnst  rntrrnt  you.  ir  posaiMc,  to  procure  one  niAiith'5  pKjr  In  upMlo 
for  the  (IclitchRicnt  undi-r  my  rommand.  I'art  of  Lbc  troops  have  not  litcn 
))alil  nnj'tliing  Tnr  a  lnii;j  tlitii'  ]>uMt.  nml  liiivi-  upon  iieverHl  <it-c)u>ionH 
Hlutwn  innrkv  or  jjirt-at  il!st'onti,'Dt.  Thu  scrvk'.'  tlicy  niv  U'litiy  ii|H>a  ix 
<lisaf;repn>>1c  to  ilie  nurtlicrn  ri'^linenls:  but  I  inukc  no  iloubi  )>ut  thnt  « 
tlmicfiif  itT  n  litlle  litnl  money  would  prit  them  hi  proper  lemp^r.  IT  ihc 
whole  sam  cnimot  be  obtoioeil,  a  pnri  of  It  will  he  bfiu-r  tliiiii  none,  5«  it 
may  be  dbtrlbntcf]  In  proportion  to  the  re)>p«cUrv  wnnts  and  clfllms  of  the 
men." 


By  n  temporiirj'lonn  frmn  CJencni!  Rochambeaii,  n  eonsitl- 
eniljlo  sum  in  hurd  money  wa»  obtained.  Commissar}* 
IManehnrd  1»c^an  hiti  duties  in  hchnlf  of  the  Mnrtjniii  dc  $t. 
Simon's  troops  tindor  deprcsjting  eircnni«;tamvs.  "  I  set  to 
work,"  he  says*,  "iilthonjrh  without  a  piece  of  paper,  or  fln 
tm)j>h]yL>,  or  a  hag  of  llonr  h(  my  disposal.  1  was  com- 
pletely overwhelmed I  caused  ovens  to  Iw 

constructed,  hut  I  was  in  want  of  tools,  and  I  had  to  run 
ahfHit  uiiiL-h  and  negotiate  to  obtain  even  a  hammer."  But 
a  brighter  hour  soon  broke  upon  him.  "  Our  Gonends."  be 
says,  "came  and  deposited  with  me  800,000  livrcs  in  piiiK- 
ters,  which  M.  de  (irasse  hn<l  brought  for  us."  This  money 
waa  placed  in  a  room  on  the  gi-ouiid  floor  of  liis  ijutirlers, 
imdcrncatb  which  was  n  collar.  The  ftoor  heing  weak,  in 
the  eonrsc  of  the  night  it  was  broken  through  by  the  weight 
of  the  silver,  and  both  ihe  tlva^nre  and  tho  »cn'anl  having  it 
in  charge  were  pi*ecipitnteil  intn  the  eelhir,  williont,  how- 
ever, any  loss  of  the  first  or  any  injury  to  the  hitter. 

It  does  not  como  within  the  design  of  lliis  namilive  to 
notice  in  detail  Ihc  operation.^  of  Wayne,  Stenbcn,  Lafayette, 
and  the  renegade,  Arnold,  in  Virginia ;  nor  to  describe  the 


OUn  FRENCH  AI.UES. 


405 


movements  of  fireoni!  nnd  Coriiwnllia  in  Soiilli  Curolinii, 
which  led  the  latter  lo  set  bi»  face  towawU  the  north.  Siif- 
Hco  it  tn  8n\",  that  befdiv.  the  combined  Aniericiiii  iirul  French 
forces  liad  conccntnitcd  nt  and  near  Willijirnsliurg,  the  Itrit- 
ish  Chief,  with  eight  thutisnad  men,  bad  tnken  possession  of 
Voi-btown  nnd  Gloueester  Point,  iis  strategic  iw^ts.     The 


L/(rt>^^i^ti^€^i^ 


"hoy,"  Lafnyette,  wilb  less  tban  three  thoiminid  mun,  be 
boliovcd  wiw  now  witbrii  his  graap.  "The  boy  cftimot  escape 
me,''  bo  wri>te  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  iind  with  his  i)ver- 
whclniing  force,  the  prediction  seemed  lo  be  well  founded. 
IJut  Comwallis,  though  im  oiBcer  of  superior  niilil4(ry  abil- 
ity, soon  found  in  the  "  boy  "  a  skilled  soldier,  evidently  hie 
match.  Lafayette  was  Udd,  yet  wary.  Now,  he  dashed 
impetuously  forward,  as  though  intending  to  ongiige  in  u 


OUB  FBEKCH  ALLIES. 


407 


rate  in  the  Chesapeake,  did  not  require  him  to  form  a  junc- 
tion with  the  West  India  squadron,  Init  left  him  at  liberty 
to  iindcrtiikc  any  other  enteriirtse  wlii<-h  he  might  think 
proper.  The  Count  was  disposed  to  make  nn  expedition 
against  NewfoliTidhnid,  hut  this  step  hoin^  tilrungly  diwp- 
pmved  hy  hoth  General  AVashington  and  tlio  Connt  do 
Rocbiimbeau,  it  was  given  up.  lie  then  resolved  to  proceed 
with  his  squadron  to  the  Chesapeake.  This  he  did.  He 
nrrived  there  September  10th,  bringing  with  him  tlie  French 
siege  artiliery,  and  the  hind  forces,  under  M.  De  Choisy. 

"  It  ia  prohnbic,  likewhe,  that  Aoni«  (Irgrre  or  [tomonAl  Teetln;;  had  Its 
III  (I  lie  II  i:p  (HI  thcrlthcs  nrrwiiit  iln  ItHrriM.  In  the  Council  oT  War,  which 
wns  lielcl  Bonie  time  liefore,  rv^pectlni;  the  roenoval  of  the  fleet  to  Boston, 
hTtvr  a  (Ivbiitc  Iiitlk-ntliiu  u  litlk'  wuniiiU  miioiiic  tliv  orHveni,  C«uat  de 
Kuclminbvau  rvprrHt-utii  M  <lc  BnrraH  as  nsing  ttio  rollowUitf  luagmigc- 
*  Nn  person  l.s  more  tnttirv-Hted  chnii  I  nm  in  tli<>  firrUnl  nf  M.  Dti  Grnsse  Id 
ihcse  »eM.  He  was  my  Jnntor;  he  lias  just  been  Appointed  Ltnoteannb- 
Gcnoral.  At  the  raomrnt  his  ajipmaclL  Is  made  hnowo,  T  sholl  set  sail  (o 
put  inynclf  uiidt-r  lil»  onlrDi,  I  irill  fliiinU  DiIm  miiipiil^ti ;  I  will  never 
make  Huotber'"* 

"  Hvncf  li  npppors,  tbat  tlio  two  navnl  comnian'feni  stood  In  »  delicate 
relation  (u  vach  DLlicr;  and  ll  may  be  prt'sumeil,  that  thix  vns  The  rctt^oD 
why  Codtit  de  Unisse  left  Ooiitn-de  Itiirrait  nl  Illieriy  to  Join  lilin  or  not,  ak 
he  should  be  iDcllncd ;  and  al»o  why  the  latter  preferred  n  ttepomtc  enter- 
prise" t 

On  the  31st  day  of  August,  Count  De  Grassc  arrived  in 
the  Chesapeake  with  ti  squadron  of  twenty-eight  ships  of  the 
line,  and  six  frigates,  having  oti  himnl  tlneo  tliousnnd  three 
hundre<I  hind  troops,  fonimandod  hy  tlio  Marquis  dc  Saint 
Siiui>n.{  With  the  aid  of  boiitN,  manned  hy  liftecn  hundred 
Bailors  from  the  squadron  of  De  Grusse,  they  wore  landed 
At  Jamestown  on  the  2d  of  September.  On  the  5th,  Admi- 
ral Gmve-s  upi}earcd  off  Chcsa|}oako  Bay.     The  Cbu[it  de 


*  ItAchoinbiair*  llmiiiiri,  I.,  p.  375.  t  Spiirk<> 

tChradc  Annr.  HhtijuIi  dp  Siiint  Simon,  wa<  n  SpnuUb  Omcral  of  lupcdur  nirritf,  anil 
<llipl«iMl*kl1tMulbravcrr  ni  Torklotrn.  l>Drlne  liU  tcnice*  In  Ea rope  aiitl  in  Anvrln 
be  MTU  (ctrral  linir*  naiimtii).  Mn'vrnlrrri)  Ihi^  tpiilce  of  Siwiii  oi  ft  Uarnelial'ilp't^aip. 
Ill  ino,ba  KM  iiu(li>rB|]|)iln4iriirrnl  t,aA  ■  (Ininilcv  of  jt|«lii.  Un  wai  born  «t  Che  CaMk 
•f  Ls  W»Tt.  Fntuec.  la  I7U.  tnd  <Unt  Jaaau>  .1,  IMtt. 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  RBVOLUTIOy. 


GiRSKO  iiiimediatuly  t-tit  his  cables,  went  nut  to  mct^i  hiin, 
gnvo  buttle,  aiul  gnincd  n  victoi^-,  prc^iging  n  grciiter  soon 
lo  l»c  obtained.*  In  Ibis  cngngcnicnt  the  British  ship 
"Terrible"  wus  soveroly  damiijrcd,  itiid  nniible  t«  Iw  kept 
adont,  was  sot  on  fire  and  deitrovcd. 

The  sciLsonnble  arrival  of  Count  de  Griuse  In  (he  ('besn- 
peuke,  and  his  sucvess  in  Inking  tno  friguie^,  iind  in  driving 
Adiiiir.il  Gnives  from  the  coast,  greatly  ptoiucd   General 


ftUXT  01  MUX* 


"VVashiugton.  Immediately  on  his  arrival  at  Williamsburg, 
be  uddresricd  aeongnifutatory  letter  tn  the  Adnnnd,  express- 
ing a  desire  fur  an  interview,  tliat  they  might  consult  in 


MRtDMMlInc  thr  IU4£chl,  I>ii]ii'  iI'Di'vuiiH,  l.h-iirciiHnI  of  ■  ■iiNii-iir-nar,  sad  Hajoi  ut  Ihn 
bluK  •'{luulraB ;  lUiiub,  Knalffn  of  ■  ■niin-or  wur,  a  Si»^k,  on  tlirCainn;  dv  laVlllnin.nn 
MXtllMrj  olll«wr on  I lir  lilxli-mr:  cticlitovn  oHlctr*  <'ttt  wduu<)|'<1,  iiml  iitiuul  tWuUuii<ln*l 
■CD  killed  autl  ■raunilra.''—:jiij>.  (l-ia.  ilr  ^ViMOt,  .Votwmhr  iO.  ITSt- 


OUB  FRENCH  A.UJES. 


409 


reference  to  the  sioge.      This  wns  delivered  by  Count  Fcr- 
aen.*      On  the   I7th  ot   September,   tbe  Geiierid,  accom- 
panied Ivy  Ornemls  Ko-     /tA^      jn 
cliHiiiiiwiu   and    Dupor-     ^tZ^  C4^  Dif-^^Jft^^^^ 
tjiil.f  wt'iit  for  Hint  imr^  ^  ^^^-""'^ 

pose  on  boiinl  tbe  "  Ville 

de  I'liris,"  (bo  Admii'ttl's  Hug-ship,  a  vessel  of  otio  hundred 
nnd  funr  inma. 


*T1)c  Coiinl  Jran  Axrl  di^  Frrt^n  wii«  born  ai  Stockholm,  S^ivlom'bi'r  'I,  iru,  nnd  Tt-ulvcil 

Ilia  intllliirT  nlucariuii  l'IvIpH}'  al  llic  AcHiti'iIiy  or  Turin.     I'l  llii^  nlnrlrciilli  fear  of  litu  Bg* 

hi-  •ijp'i'ori-il  itt  ilii-  Krniicli  i  ouri,  wlirfi'  lila  brMiirofprriDii  ulimoit-iliiiilvpTtul  Blivivilun, 
Il-r  wni  urndcmJj  n-rriiitl  by  lit*  KInjt  "ml  lit"'  (iuiwn,  •nd  t»im  tlic  tpnml  rjtvorltr  at  lli» 
lnltiT.     Ill'  tra-lTnJ  llir  commlHlnii  of  Ciiloliol  111  Ibe  SwrtlUh  ri'xfitictil  "f  biiil)-guurtl  \v- 

nil  Hnjr*!)'  lAuin  \VI.    In  n>n»'qi]rncc  of  ilir  drpoirnu'nl  of  tlie  yat^n  TonanU  tilm. 

-Ihc  IdiifFiiip  r>r  aranital  wni  uit  In  Iniptloii.  Canal  Vrrtt'it  »a>  Jlncn-i*!  abnip  b[<  yrsrii,  >□(! 
FliprlalilHK  *  Icii'lpr  rcffBid  for  K*r  Miijftlj't  irpuliillnn.  biiiI  fcurliijc  1  'lUI  In  Iiit  Toiilliful 
thi:iU(t  1^1 1 o •»!■««  tli4'  uiiithl  rxpiwi?  Iivrrrif  I»  fnrlliiT  udi'i-nc  nlltrlini,  hr  dii-ldail  to  no  in 
Anicilm  mIiIi  (li'iit-fal  Itocluiutwau.  Mr  ti>:>taiii»  a  tn»iiibrr  ordiu  tipiirriil''  iiilhlRr}  fam- 
ily, ami  \\\*  knowliHlft  Of  111*  Eii||Ili*1i  IJUimwRC  KMitrrtd  lilt  pcrTlcvi.  a*  nn  liiivrprtlrr, 
lilKlily  vntiiatiir.  HI*  irtlrn  aiMmunl  In  lila  raltier,  I>uip  Ni-wiMirl,  inilli/ulo  tlial  Ihr 
■iiir]it  oniUt-  aiilf  of  Amrrli'iD  rliarnvlrr  bad  nut  vtcapnl  liU  >lt«ntioii,  anil  h*>  ii|H4ik»  of 
tbr  pvuiile  u  ciovctous,  anft  In  itwlr  d»linKa  it«dii|t  the  >'Kncli  "wltlioul  comjieiMailun." 
"  Nul."  hi'  ni](lp,  "hut  what  tlipre  am  aomc  FaHmablv  pri^ie  amunf  llwiu ;  tliriv  are  inaoj 
who  arr  Kvblr  nnd  jtcurruui.'' 

The  raiinl  roaiclit  nt  tlir  fIriK  of  Vorktoirni  Knd  rccrlvnl  from  WMlilnittttn  the  badBc  of 
II  rSorIi>t/ of  tliw  <  inrliiiiali.  Trumbull  <nli<adiio»i]  hU|"iiiral:  Inio  lil>  |iiil(itlii)|  of  lh» 
•UfTvndrr  of  t'o-rnwiilKf.  •.>»  Mii  ri-tuni  lol'nrl.'.Uu  IdcnUllMl  MliuM'lf  iiii({ilii>«Lu*«  of  ihn 
BMirbwnr.  nnd  In  niillii);  IIil  allrniplrd  I'K-Hpriiif  llir  Kleijc  and  Hit  IJufcn  10  Vnn.'iiiirt, Im 
Mird  111  dit|:iil>p  a*  IlK-lr  (■rtai-hitiiin.  Had  It  nut  tx-l-u  fur  Ow  hi>|>ni'1riiii^  \<(  Ilir  Klii^,  at 
floe  tintr,  In  dMcMitlini:  from  ilie  carrljun'.  and  at  tnuihrr,  in  thuultiy  hlm^rlf  at  It* 
a-jndow.  hi*  plnn  for  »B»lnf  Ihpm  araiild  iindonlilrdly  l«w«  bwti  ■uFcaMtful.  In  l>r,  tli« 
C«unl  t:l«lipd  EiiglBDd.  Di'liiiC  Mill  In  Ihr  6*mllah  trrdiv,  thniigli  hoMhtg  a  iviiiimUiilon 
In  Ihc  xttIm  of  FrancT',  hr  rrturin^.  In  I7W,  to  M*  native  land,  nnd  na«  appolnlrd  llir 
*pcrrt  iiri-ril  i>r  Aii||ukIii*  to  Halch  mrr  lil>  Inlrroftt*  at  Ihr  Court  of  Vrrialllm.  Tlir 
(Uddi'D  (Jrnlh  uf  OirlMlttn  AiifUdat  awiilirEK^  Iho  ultfnd  tiiipkton  t)>ul  K<>r*rn  had  pol- 
•onral  him,  nnd  Jiin*-  10,  INIO.  wtilh>  «mI>I1ii|[  at  Vive  fimcnil  of  tlir  ^-oiing  hlnx.  hr  HM 
a«aaltcil  hjra  nicilt  and  rrurll;  Hiuril*n-'1.     T1i«<  CiiunI  Lrpl  ajiiuriiatrrutii  i:Kit»I7lll,Khkh 

nnfortiinnii'lr  wai  dciiroji'tl  hy  ili«  iriend  lo  irhot«  can;  It  wai  coofidrd,  on  the  «t«  of  lila 
f\f\A  \a  Varrnur* 

He  irai  on«  of  thnw  ■wtole  and  flilltinil  mrn  lo  if  hum  R>uld  br  applied,  tn  lt>  lUI  meii)- 
Id(,  thr  HI  111  to,  »i%nt  firur  il  <itiu  rr/mirA*.      A  ii  lnlrrr*llnn  rariuiilr  of  liloi,  prvpfttrd  bjr 
bla  tipphrw.  Daron  KIlaclcowMrUm,  vn*  publUhMl  a  few  jrari  oro. 
I  Cli*vnllrr  IjjuU  l.elHr)(iii'  DupjjMnU  wai  of  Krencli  birth.    Hr  rrcrlrcd  a  ntllLlnrr  wJu- 
allaa  In  Fnntt,  niid  brfnnip  an  aoaainplUhrd  i-nginivr.    Ur  ouiir  to  Aincrlc*  during  Ihc 
j  War  of  IndrpptidriHv.  and  In  1777  inu  nppflltilHl  a  BrlKadler'ncnvnU.    lU  wu  Comniaa- 
f'Aint  of  IliF  tvrfi  of  rii|liirrDat  the  (Irgnof  Vorktuwo,  nnd  rreclvrd  Ihr  ponkutar  eon- 
■nrodatlun  of  Urnrral  IViuhlnjtlon  far  Mln  skill  and  braterf.     In  rrcogEillInn  of  tili  Mr- 
*1m«,  Coii[tr<'»»  romtiilsilnned  hlin  a  MiO<i''C'*"i*nd'     f*"  •''•  "■'""'  I"  Frnncp,  h«  «•• 
i|B>d«  a  Slarr«liaJ-dr-('aiiip,  and  aflirTardi  >llnl(tvr  of  War.    iDthn  trocbloui  llmii  of 
llfIC,  hr  rrhimrd  !•>  Amrrli:*.  tmni  wrTirnrr  In-  irat  rr^allril  by  rvrnti  of  Itic  rlghlrrnCli 
Bracaalr*-    II*  dird  on  hU  [— f^j[-  hoict. 
51 


410 


UUOUE  ISLAND  IN  THB  BKVOLLTION. 


"On  Lhe  Amerlcnn  Chlof's  renctiins  tbc  quarter  deck,  tlic  Admlnil  flew 
to  cmhpace  hlin.  Imprinting  lhe  French  a«lule  D|iori  each  elieck.  Ilnggtng 
Ittm  ti)  bU  «riD9,  be  exrlidmu'il,  *  .Vy  lUar  Uttlr  j/fneral ."  Dl-  OrvvHW  wm  of 
lofty  stnture;  Iml  Ibi-  Irnii  pttit,  or  vmsll,  when  applktl  to  tbe  innjeBtlc 
ftud  £OiotnsiidlHg  pvrfton  of  Wubluston,  produced  ah  effvet  u|)od  the  rlsl- 


Mh^Zfy 


bic  faculties  of  all  present  not  to  be  described.  The  f  rencbinnn.  Kov- 
emed  b>  the  rlj^ld  eltigticlte  of  ttie  nnfifn  rtsfime,  cODtrolled  thvlr  mirth  ns 
l>est  Lhcy  could ;  but  onr  own  Jolly  Knox,  regnrdlvXH  of  all  nilcs,  l)inj(bcd. 
and  Ihfit  aloud,  till  hU  fnt  <>ldes  shook  nitHlu."  * 

The  fleet  of  Count  do  Grasse  comprised  the  rullowiiig  ve»- 


•  CmiU'i  ILmallnctlana,  p.  tW. 


OUR  FRENCH  AIXIES. 


411 


VES8KLS. 


KO.  GUNS. 


CAPTAINS. 


Vilic  de  Paris, 
A  ugaste,     , 

Langucctoc, 

Sceptre, 

Ralnt  Esprit;,    • 

C^sar, 

Destin, 

Vlctolre,     . 

Northumberland, 

Palmier, 

Pluton. 

Marsoillals, 

Bourgogne, 

mnicM,      . 

DladeiDG, 

Cnlon, 

CItoyen, 

Sclplon, 

Magnanlme, 

Hercule, 

Z^I6,     . 

Hector, 

SoureralD, 

Glorieux,     . 

Valllnnt, 

Solitaire,     . 

Triton, 

Experiment, 


104 
80 

80 

80 
80 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
7* 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
74 
70 
64 
64 
60 


/  De  Grasse,  Lleutenant-General. 
I.  Ue  Vautflrault,  Major  de  I'Armie. 
f  De  BougalDvlUe,  Chef  d'Escadre. 
\  Castellan. 

I  De  Montell,  Chef  d'Escadre. 
\  Duplessla  Parscau. 

De  Vaudreuil. 

De  Chnbert. 

Corlolls  d*E!iplnoQse. 

Diimaltz  de  Golmpy. 

D*Alberc  Saint- Hyppollte. 

De  BrlquevUle. 

D'Arros  d'Argelos. 

D'Albert  de  RIons. 

De  Castellanc  de  Hasjastre. 

De  Charltte. 

ClllartdeSuvIlle. 

De  Monteclerc. 

De  Framond. 

D'Ethy. 

De  Clavel. 

Le  B^gue. 

De  Turpin  de  Breuil. 

De  Grus  Priville. 

Renaud  d'Aleln.". 

De  Glnnedevf'S. 

D'Riicars. 

Chevalier  Bernard  de  Marlgny. 

De  CIci  Champion. 

Brun  de  Boades. 


The  fleet  (if  Admiral  do  Barrns  numbered  fourteen  vessels, 
— with  a  few  exceptions  the  same  that  M.  Destouches  had 
commanded  and  turned  over  to  him.     Among  these  waa  the 


JpTTfK/T'^**^ 


418 


RHODE   ISLAND   IN   THB   RBVOLCTIOK. 


"  Ilenutoue,"  CaptBin  Do  la  Toucho,  which  had  gained  on 
honorable  repiiUiion. 

The  appix»ach  of  Washington  imd  Rochambeau  to  Wil- 
liainf<bu)-;Lr*  and  the  i-cception  given  them  on  their  arrival,  uro 
tims  related  hy  Colonel  Kichard  Butler: 

"i;8i. 

"St'jilemlwr  nth.  Ahont  S  o'clock  an  txprcu  nrrlr«I.  annpnnrlnc  Hie 
nppronch  of  our  urcnt  nuil  gottd  roiuii>itii(ler-la<Chlvr.  Oeiicnil  Wastiitij;- 
tOB,  nU()  tlir  Cotmt  de  Itcmliniiilit'itu,  tlio  cotnntniiiWr  oT  (Ik-  nUK'il  jirfiil«« 
or  Fniiiri',  iioir  JiilniriK.  Al  i  I'.  51.,  llie  {{tins  flrwd  n  royal  saliitu-,  »%  Uie 
GfinTnl  ii|ip<rc)iiche(l  the  ciiiip,  on  which  the  iwo  urmlvB  turiicU  union 
thvlr  hatuilloii  iinmdex.  Ills  HsL-i-Ilfiify  and  the  Count  tie  lEorliiiiuliean, 
wllh  their  .-tiilLos,  BttonilL'd  by  the  MArciiiU  dc  Laffiyettc.  Miijor-Orncrnl 
and  conimnmlor  or  the  AiiktIchci,  ami  Miijor-ticm-ral  MitrqiiK  dc  Si. 
Billion,  riiitiiniindvr  ortltv  atliect  army,  (latolTDrrii-«d,}  and  nil  tlH-ir  Millr*. 
vljillfd  llie  allied  army  flr»l,  and  th*-ii  tht  Anierk'nii  army,  and  wen?  unluled 
ocGordlii;;  to  ciihIoiii.  Thcsf  cL-rciiiunics  flnlshud,  Uiu  w'l]ol«  of  the  offi- 
cers ur  till'  Fri'iich  army  attended  at  Lhe  MartiiiLf  de  St.  SImoti'K  quartcr», 
and  were  liiliM<lnc4^d  to  the  llhiMtrioim  Hern.  The  Ilcltl  olTlcrrs  or  the 
Aineriran  army  nil  attended  to  bid  him  and  the  other  Uoiierah  welcome. 
These  corcmonh-s  ovpr.  an  eli-fmnt  «ii|>|ii'r  \\&x  wrvcd  up,  ftiid  the  rullowlDg 
^u-at  pcrmiiiM^i-s  Hiitipcd  IfigL-llKT,  ill  tht.'  nlmoHt  tinniioiiy  tiitil  h!i[t|iiM<'Ba, 
vIr.  :  lli.4  Exci-lk-ncy  Ihe  Count  de  Roehamhenii,  comiiiaiuler  ul  the  allied 
army;  M^iorOvucral  Mnnjuls  dt-  LaRtyt-Uo.  couuimndrr  of  Ihu  nrmy  la 
Vlm^lulti;  MnJor-OeiiLTal  MarqtilH  dc  St.  Shnon.  conunaiider  of  the  Hilled 
aniiy  In  Vir::lnla;  Major-ricnornl  Ilnron  de  Su-iilien,  Inditcctor-Ufnernl  of 
the  Anii.Ti<-«iii  iinny:  OoiiniUumaA,  <,an  ufflcer  of  distinction  In  the  Kreiicta 
Quards.  aiu)  ttnc  of  llie  aldo.<i  of  rCoclntTnhrnu) ;  Cuunl  ili:  Damds,  another 
of  JiSst  iiIili-.-i;  Coiiiil  ,  aide  to  Mnrxjiild  de   St,   Simon;    Itri^iullcr* 

General  HhiiilI  Adjiitant-Gen?nil  of  the  Amei  lean  army ;  (,'iili>iiel«  Uotler 
oud  Stewart,  uf  l*enu«ylvuulii:  Coloml  Trumbull,  His  ExcllL-iicy's  Sec- 
retary; nuloncl  C»hh,  one  of  his  aides;  Mtiitenatit-ColDiiel  Smith, 
another  of  IiIk  nidesi  with  a  number  of  other  ofBcers;  slito  Colonel 
i  commanding  the  Kt-Klmcut  Catlnais.  and  many  oUier  Colniiels  and 

IJeiilt!nnni-('<iIiitt(-lsi,  and  other  olticer*  of  the  allied  xrniy.  To  add  to  the 
liiippliiGss  of  the  cteut  unci  cveiilns,  uu  ele;;aQt  band  of  luuxle  pinyed  an 
liiLroducihe  part  of  ii  French  opt-m.  Fi;;iii0.ln2  the  hnppl»«.*ii  of  ihc  ftm- 
lly,  whim  IdeKMvl  vrllh  Lhu  presence  of  their  fitthtT,  and  ibelr  lErnnt  di-p<-nil- 
enee  (jpnin  liliii.  About  l(i  o'clock  the  company  rose  np,  and  nlti-r  mulnal 
oongratnlation*  and  the  greaiMt  expreiMlon  of  Joy,  they  M-pArated."* 

■Uutl>r'(  Jniirtinl,  Colond  ftlelianl  lluilrr.  «iic  eommandrd  ■  rrna>rltinla  r^ilinnt 
brfarc  Vorkt'JKll,  unit  C'»1"i»-1  SirrHarl,  al>i>  at  IVliR>)liantN,  m-rc  llic  11  nl  Ewn  Aliirrltan 
ofllcira  dint  rrwlvril  "  and  took  tlii>  HKn|iilt  ilv  Si.  Simon  and  all  at  hUofllem  bj  iha 
tuuid,  M  tb«7  landed  at  Colonel  UurrHr*  on  tlw  OoacU." 


OUR    FBENCH   ALLIES. 


418 


With  no  less  wnrmth  thnn  that  shuwii  by  General  Wash- 
ington <iid  the  patriotic  Governor  of  Virginia,  Thomas  Nel- 
son, Jr.,  weluoniB  llie  Count  dc  (irosse*  unit  the  hiiul  rc-on- 
faroemcnts  hn)nght  by  him.  While  ihc  troujis  were  Iwing 
landed  at  Jamestown,  ho  addros^ed  a  letter  to  the  Count, 
conpntulating  him  on  his  ettfo  arrival,  and  acknoM-leOging 
"  tliis  signal  pi-oof  of  the  attention  of  our  great  and  gener- 
ous ally."     He  said  : 

"An  arinimAntflo  powerruland  oompcUMii  lo  cv«ry  porpns*.  will  not 
only  give  n  rurltitinlc  turn  lo  our  lulMury  operations,  but  will  convince 
tliv  iucrvOuloiJiii  autl  <llKaflc-oti.-d  nlio  may  Mill  hirk  iiu)Oii;:?>l  tis,  (tint  Ills 
Musi  Christian  Muji'^ity  U  both  slnrerdy  ilcU.'riiiloL^I,  and  I^lty  ut>le.  to 


•  rnincl*  -lo^rpii  i'buI  iIp  lira***-  Itoutillc.  I'lmrn  (l«  Gmwc  M>niul*  ilo  Tilly,  -m  of 
ynSfObltptirmMr-ltoUTltli-,  MnfinU  ilr  LitA«M.  >  r»ptnlii  in  the  Nrnir.  WM  tivftt  la  t7A 
Ha  ralMMl  ihii  Krvnrh  iii»»r.  »'"1  In  '^'l  win  <  •pUin  uf  lit*  ■'  lt»)iiia[v,  :t"  in  wtilrh  tc«. 
tvl  li*  I<i0k  pftrt  In  llw  Fnmitetavnt  olT  tPiiFBtaiil  lb  Jnlri  ir>.  Id  I7rv,  h«  wn*  Comiuo- 
Jorr  of  fdur  »lil|n  cif  titr  Itnc  In  ii^tlic  miiIcv.  II«  wm  nlili  D'^BlaSng  1 1  iiv  nmiMiiPi 
■BBlnat  i;fvll«i1iiiiii>l  In  tlir  ttrgriyf  ftiyanmi^t.  iTr  nRprwiinii  'liillii|(ulilii->l  li.i>ii.riri«  llw 
H'mi  !•(])»,  (ITM);.  Tbi-  hiuf  raliM  lilni  lo  rliP  rank  itf  Adnltnl,  aiKt  JT*  u  btin  :ljr  ooa- 
mitnil  of  tlir  Writ  IucIIk  Ri-pt.  wlilrli  luid  t>Fi>ii  under  irKalilnfi  and  tiitkiicn. —  itn  ncI  llwt 
BwnkrimI  ilLfrrlliig  lowitnU  lilm  In  mniir  nnvnl  vmrcr*.  (.>■)•'  «C(x>Linl  ■■;>,  r^iBt  iin 
ftblalliMl  tlili  romnuiiicl  "  bf  h\i  tnlilKUi*  d1  c>niil,"  «rBilli-  aunihrr  i>t*Ir«,  lliul  tic  rvlDt- 
Ijuiltj  «cri7ittHl  It,  miii  >1!>1  miiimIji  wlit-n  "lln-  Klii(j  <t»l>1>->l  fu  lii-iiijj  nix-yMl."  AftiT  ll» 
Mpiun'  of  Yorltiowfi,  tie  (inivt  ww  cninunl  In  twIou*  nnvat  oprrvilani  unlit  cnjiiurcd 
hj  Ailiiiiral  IIiKlnv^,  April  U.  ]7fi.  Pivta  liiU  time  hv  Tr\]  tuto  Aittarin  wilii  llw  hin|c, 
Mild  lliiiiij;)i  fK  nil  (in  I  I'll  from  l>liinic  (tor  llic  rvtull*  uf  tlmi  action,  In*  iwivr  oitalii  i-iiipiKVil 
In  utWv  Knln-.  Ilr  i1lnl  Janunir  H,  ]7(K  A  [^rrvch  nuiriilmc  liiiiorliui  (Guirln)  nun 
ur  Itlm,  "  UmTr  and  rihhI  s>  n  Caiilahi  of  n  ■lilp,  the  Tuunt  dp  (inn'c  iirai  an  rmkairraaa. 
iBf  ComniwlDrT.  and  a  ullli  morv  lll-Mamd  A<lnilnil."  WMlilaRiap,  la  a  teiiiiT  to  Ooani 
do  Koetuuiitiraii, 'praliii  uf  hln  ki<'niir  gallant  rnarijnlor  In  Ihoplnrv  of  t'amiralUa," 
and  aionc  nliow  luiniK  "«rtU  br  king  di-wnnilj  drar  la  ilili  oountrf.  on  »ocaunt  of  hla 
*uc«M-Hrutrotl|>rralinn  In  Ut*  Itanni-r  0(n|>aiKn  of  IX.** 

Count  Av  linLur  wa»  nurrli^  tlin«  llni*-*.  ilf  liU  Ur*!  wirr,  li«  hod  lix  clilldrcn,  who, 
iluitl^  tin'  Kn-nrli  ItrrnJiitbia.cnnH-  an  pxIIi-*  la  iV  I'nllcd  SibIm.  Of  tbeihufrtitcn,  wbo 
lUrti  fur  B  tlRir  In  ^Hltin,  Xapr.,  (he  laic  Kvt.  Wtlilniu  l:Ifnlliri',  It.  U.,  taulor  uf  lli«  Ka*t 
Ciiuroli  in  Dial  luwn.  made  In  lilt  diary  Ihr  fullnwinR  n-riird : 

"inu,  Ki-b-'.'l.  Wr(itpaovrlUI«il»rurtlii'(liuijtlii(-rkarCounlili>Gr*Nv,iuuiH<l  Amclta 
tlaxtina  ItiMnlla  UnuM,  .luMlna  Adt-liili'  11iixlin&  (iinMr,  U^lAaliia  Vrronlra  Maxima 
Unuw.  Sjhia  Alruinilritia  MbkIhib  (innHp.  Tli<>y  iirHvnl  IWhh  Kraiioc  il  UmUiu  ■litly  7. 
I>t.  unit  liuvuditccllKHlal  llilaTuwti,  ciikllv  >"  K-'brniun'ii,  ami  lulvlyal  Col.  lickman'a 
llaiiic  udJululDji  to  hii  uiaiMJAn.    llirg'  linvi-  hrtiavrd  vHI.' 

Hbrlded  *od,  AlrxaniliT  PrNn^i*  Annate  Hum  illi-,C'iiun(  dp  CtraMf.Mariinl*  dr  Tlllf , 
ma  BMW,  by  Out  g^itmmfin,  KnirlriM'r  of  (jf^jriEln  and  liitr  Carolina*,  wtillv  u[i»ii  til*  lU- 
Irra  wa*  Mtlird  a  pmslun  of  •Io.^m)  a  )i-ar,"a  filliiia  reinm  la  ih«  ihoiUy  uf  om  Who 
■wngnfpd  lilt  prliBlv  «TBir>  lo  enablv  hlai  In  carry  lu  Wadilni^an  tli«  muiwjr  hmsM  tor 
lb*  vmv.''—tiilrtMluetion  to  (JontrenctMrCi  Jcurtial.p-  X3. 

T1ir  VMiinjii^t  iltlrr,  S^lrla.  <tb*  niarrlrd  lo  M.  FranirU  i1«  I'uu,  and  dk<l  In  Near  Yott, 
Janoarj  i,  MU,  ajtDilvlKtiljtlirtortwr^  laaTlnKtwaaoni  bikI  l)i«  dniigtitcr*. 


414 


Bnone  islani*  in  tiie  ukvolltion. 


ttupport  the  American  Tnlted  States  tn  vlndlcRtlag  their  righu  onA  nala- 
talnlng  tbclr  Indi^prnrtc-ncc.  Iiwill  he  my  grcntcut  happiness  to  coiitribHi* 
erory  Uiiiig  in  nty  poiwr  low»Ms  tlic  upcidy  ntiO  Hucci-s^fijl  nfr«impllsli- 
lucot  of  till:  olijccl  we  have  In  view,  nud  to  ivnder  Idc  itcrvice  lu  thtft 
Rtale  ngrpmblc  to  Uie  oUJccru  tiiii]  ineu  of  Uln  Most  Chrfatllaii  M^cstjr'* 
Rtfot  snd  itnny.'** 

Both  before  and  after  the  arrival  of  the  continental  and 
French  tru»ps  under  U'lishinglon  and  Iiochuut)M>aii,  gi'^at 
diiliculty  was  cxporiciit-od  in  procuring  pivjvisions  in  suffi- 
cient quantities  lo  suppi}'  the  diiil,v  ueeds  of  so  large  a  Iwily 
of  nken.  Tiii»  is  shown  by  letters  written  Iiy  the  Governor 
to  vurtniis  officials,  urging  them  to  exert  themselves  to  the 
iitniogt,  *■  to  provide  forage  or  provisions  for  the  nrniy."  In 
aid  of  this  ol»ject,  be  issued  a  proeliinmtion,  "laying  an 
emliiirgo  on  provisions,  vijt. :  on  all  heef,  |>ork,  Ixicon,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  pensc,  or  oilier  grain,  or  Hour,  or  meal,  made 
of  the  same,"  and  prohibiting  "all  mariners,  masters  and 
commanders  of  veoseU,  and  all  i>ersons  whatsoever  within 
this  Htatef  from  loading  on  bojiitl  any  vessel  for  exporta- 
tion, and  I'ntm  eX|K>rting  nil  or  any  of  the  above  sjn'L-Jes  of 
pi'ovitiioni!,  by  hind  or  hy  water,"  under  penalties,  until  lh« 
aforesaid  shouhl  he  repealed.} 

Under  date  of  ''Williamsburg,  September  14,  17HI,  0 
o'clock,  P.  M.,"tho  Governor  wrote  to  thy  Honorable  D. 
Jameson : 

■*  His  Excellency  Ct«ncRLl  WaHhlugtoii  nrtived  licro  nlioDt  twu  bouni  »go. 
The  Hrst  (IIvIhIoii  of  IiIk  amy  \it  coming  (\owa  the  hay,  and  may  bo 
expected  cvcty  moment.  A  very  little  time  will  now  tlctiTniiiic  Iho  Me 
or  Vork,  ami  willt  U  pruhobly  IbaL  of  the  routliietit.  Bui  ivliat  exertions 
will  It  reijitirv  In  MHt»lHt  jiroperly  mi  f^rriit  iiii  nriiiy?  I  rt'i-l  the  uLuiust 
anxiety  on  llils  account,  aud  cuiinol  forbesir,  thougli  I  rid  perBinulvd  It  b 
needless,  pres'lng  you  to  ur{;e  ltj«  ^'reatvxt  and  most  iiiiretiilttcd  activity 
aud  liidualryuu  every  ollluoru'htiiti  your  rvucb,  wliusv  bu&Liii-sH  It  h  lopro* 


•  •'In  nil  humui  probBlf[IK3',l^rd  CornwaMi*  hu  ncorly  llnlilied  liis  emitft,  and  WtU 

(hurt  If  rFiTltr  lila  rwird." — ytlton  lo  Garrr^irr  Lte. 

"XliL*  mo'i'viueut,  in  all  human  tirgbafrlJIlri  «ufurv«  a*  luoecM  In  llib  laartcr."— .VtiMN 
fo  fimerai  Qrttml. 
t  VIrtlula.  1  l*Bb.  Va.  nirt.  Boe.,  Kew  Soriea,  Ko.  I,  t87t, p.  If. 


OUE  FRENCH  AI.UE8. 


415 


vide  fomge  or  provlfttoDa  for  the  army.  Bct-f,  flour,  com.  and  the  means 
or  trnnHportntkjii,  iiliiitiltl  be  the  prlm^lpal  objects  of  Kttontiun  and  th^ 
country  cnnnut  '.-i^iiMurv  any  fiicouritjjatiieiit  ntiicb  Im  yivep  tu  those  wN> 
will  lend  ttiolr  aid  ou  tbis  occtLslon. " 

To  several  othom  ho  wrote  with  great  earnestness : 

"  Tlie  very  largie  supply  oT  provisions  iit'ci.-8sarj  fttr  llie  anunraenl  lAl«1jr 
arrived,  and  Cor  the  troops  expected  (Voni  the  northward,  require  llic  mott 
vijCoroiiK  and  u»rL>iiilltiii({  exertlonn." 

'*  I  lic'ii  llial  yon  wDl  have  nil  tlio  Hour  you  can  procure  «t  Port  RoyBll, 
or  In  any  part  olCarnline  or  tite  adjiinent  country,  sent  In  veesols  rDDod 
tnlo  I'l^tnkatnnk  wIlli  all  possiltk'  (tcspatch." 

"The  great  want  of  floiir  imd  men)  In  the  army  require*  that  every  pos- 
sible iiietU'UTv  bu  adopted  lo  pt'ocure  HuppUvs,  autl  ibat  perions  of  Influ- 
ence aud  acllvHy  enKa);c  hi  tliiN  bu^tiieas." 

"I  arrlveil  yesl«r(lBy  In  camp,  mid  round  the  greatest  tllfltreas  prwull- 
Ing  for  want  of  Aonr  and  meal." 

The  Atlniit'ul  evinced  a  disposition  to  eo-o]>erut«  to  the 
extent  of  his  power.  It  appeara,  however,  that  from  nuval 
considerations,  he  suhstc-tniently  proposed  to  leave  six  ves- 
sels in  siipport  of  the  hind  forres,  and  to  eniphiy  tlic  rest  of 
hm  fleet  at  sea*  where  be  might  meet  the  enemy's  naval 
aiiuanient  at  more  advantage  in  any  attempt  on  his  part  to 
force  an  entrance  oi'the  paaBUja;o,to  succor  Coniwallis.  The 
intelligence  that  the  Briti^sh  Ailmiral  Dighy  had  just  arrived 
at  New  York,  with  six  ships,  rendered  tbis  movement,  in  the 
judgment  of  Washington  and  Kochanihcau.  unwise  ;  and 
through  the  intervention  of  I^rfifayotte,  it  was  atiandoncd  by 
the  French  Admiral,  who  "agreed  fo  remain  within  the 
Capes,  and  hlockado  the  Bay  during  the  siege."* 


•  OpomtiMi  of  tbc  inCMili  lloel,  pp.  tiC-lt«. 


416 


KHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


YOBKTOffiN. 


^[S'ORKTOWN  is  pleasantly  siUiale.1  o»  a  high  blutT  of 
^"y  storie  marl,  on  the  south  siiie  of  York  Itivcr,  iibtHit 
twelve  niilc'8  from  its  entnmco  iuto  the  Chesapeake  I}ay,an<l 
is  llie  bJiiro  town  of  York  county.  It  is  twelve  miles  from 
WillinmslMirg,  thirty-throe  from  Norfolk,  and  seventy  froDi 
Richmond.  The  toxvn  wiis  settled  in  1705,  and  as  o  [*ort  of 
entry,  it  was  for  many  years  a  place  of  husinosa  inijrartance. 
A  Ctistotn  Hoiide  U  still  maintained  here,  but  for  want  of 
&ci3itJos  for  communicating  with  the  interior  coimtry,  busi- 
•ne.s8  has  mostly  been  withdniwn  to  ports  more  favorably  eit- 
tiated.  The  principal  street  of  the  town  is  alwiit  one  fourth 
of  a  milo  in  length.  Conspieiious  amonsr  the  bnildings  is 
the  briirk  mansion,  onec  the  home  of  Governor  Thomas  Nel- 
son, Jr.  lie  was  a  large  land-boldor.  The  mnns>iou  is  in 
the  Engli»h  atylc  of  171.3,  with  eornera  of  hewn  stone.  It  has 
four  rooms  on  a  floor,  with  bnge  halls  between.  The  ndjaceni 
oiit-buildings,  ocenpied  by  servants,  must  have  given  to  the 
premises,  in  their  best  days,  a  decidedly  aristocratic  appear- 
ance. Another  relic-  of  interest  is  the  priglual  brick  Custom 
Ilonse  biiildin*^,  at  present  occupied  as  n  grocery  store.  Its 
unique  arehiteetuiv  will  at  once  attract  the  eye  of  a  stranger, 
but  to  what  order  it  b«K»ngs,  he  may  lind  it  difficult  to  deter- 
mine. Two  other  buildings  worthy  of  note  are  a  brick 
Court  Ilouse,  and  a  smnll  EpiMropal  Church,  built,  in  1«48, 
on  the  site  of  the  original  house  of  worship,  creclwl  iu 
1705."     It  stands  upon  a  high  bluff,  and  within  an  enclosed 

**niU  l»  llw  jIbIp  Kifpii  by  ■  credible  autliorily.  8t»Tim«'  "  Torktawn  Cealpunliil  lT«nd- 
book  "  Mj**,  the  ohuirli  viui  crvcied  In  VVt.  l'h«  taniD  aDtliarltT  mt*  It  *■•  burvfl  In 
IHt^.  sn>)  rebuilt  In  1M!<.  "[HirliiK  tlir  Uirtiarjlir  flour  aixl  niof  wrrr  lOf n  upibul  owing 
to  Uw  dfitrla  of  Uf.  Aiplnvrall,  tUr  vhunili  hu  burn  r^pklred." 


1 


OUR  FREXCn  ALLIES. 


417 


"God's  acre,"  from  which  an  extensive  and  h  picturesque  pros- 
pect is  (>lil]<inc<l.  In  this  ground  are  Ihe  tumbs  of  several 
IKTsons  once  eminent  rtn<l  influential  in  local  iind  State 
affairs.  Here,  ulso,  are  llic  tombs  of  Tliunms  Nelson,  Sec- 
rotary  of  tJie  ancient  Virginia  Council,  and  of  his  son  Wil- 
liam, President  of  the  same  Itody.  The  Nelson  totuba  are 
olnl)« lately  ornamenlcd,  one  ivitb  the  family  arms  in  /!«#- 
ntiff'.  TImt  of  Sccretai-y  Nelson  Iieai-s  a  Ltitin  inscription. 
Xear  by,  in  an  uimiarked  g-ruve,  lie  (he  remains  of  (seneml 
[Oovernor]  Thomas  Nelson,  Jr.,  of  whom  mention  has 
ulrciuly  been  made,  and  concerning  nbom  more  uill  hore- 
al\cr  be  said. 

When  I  visited  this  spot,  in  1881,  the  sevei-al  tombs  and 
graves  within  the  enclosure  tliowcd  j>igiis  of  previuus  neg- 
lect, ot  the  etjecls  tif  wiir,  and  of  the  viiiidalisni  of  relic 
hunters. 

The  plnteau  on  which  VorktoMii  stands  is  hemmed  in  by 
deep  ravines,  with  Worniley  Creek  on  the  east.  «nd  on  the 
west  byan  inlet,  intowhicli  Hows  a  small  stream.  Beyond  the 
ravines  and  the  swnnipy  land,  which  take  n  eemi-circrnlar  form, 
lbs  the  "Temple  Farm,"  receiving  its  name  from  a  temple 
for  worship,  anciently  built  iii)Oii  it,  of  w]\\vh  few  relics 
remain.  The  farm  consists  of  tive  hundred  u;;res.  The 
land  is  level,  and  the  soil  is  light.  On  its  northcni  boi*der, 
not  far  from  the  Vurk  river,  stands  the  historic  ".Moore 
House," — n  neat  cottage,  with  donuer  windows. 

In  1781,  Yorktown  contained  nbont  sixty  dwellings,  with  a 
population  not  exceeding  four  Imndred.  In  18J*I,  the  houses 
numbered  about  fort3*,and  the  inhabitants  were  estimated  to 
bo  not  far  from  three  hundred.  A  recent  plan  for  opening 
niilroiid  connections  wiih  liichniond,  ami  with  other  parts  of 
the  State,  will  sen-e,  it  Is  thought,  if  can-ied  into  effect,  to 
revive  trade,  and  to  attract  euluqtrisc  and  capital  within  its 
precincts. 


68 


418 


RHODE  ISLAM)    IN   THE    BEVOLCTION. 


THE  SIEGE. 

CORNWALLIS  OCCUPIES  YORKTOWN  ASD  GLODCESTER.— 
WASnnfGTON  AT  WILUAMSnt'ItG— TIIF.  AMERICAS  AND 
FIlKNXn  ARMIES  INVEST  YtJRKTtJWN.  —  SriiJTARY  TALKST 
VLAN  or  THE  SIEGE.-SIEGE  OPENED.-THE  NELSON  MAS- 
BIOS  BHEI,LED.-CORSWAI.LlS  DRIVEN  FROM  HIS  gi:  \R- 
TER5.  -  THE  C0RN\VALLI8  CAVE.  -  WASHINGTON'S  FIRST 
NIOUT  AT  THE  KUONT.—HOSriTALS.-SORTlE.  — ANECDOTE 
OF  STEUHEN.-UEDIU'BTS  STuRMElt.- SKETCH  OF  GENERAL 
NELSON.— ASSAULT  OF  THE  ENEMYS  >VORKS. - CAITAIS 
OLNEV    WOUNI)Ei>. 

HEN  Cornuallis  evacuated  Portftmoiilh,  on  the 
24th  of  September,  1781,  to  occupy  Yoiktown, 
as  a  more  tcnnhlr  position,  ho  auticipalcd  nn  cnrly  iissaiilt 
upon  bis  pojit,  and  commenced  nl  once  to  fortifv  it."  "His 
line  of  works,  wliich  conipletel}'  siirroundcd  ilie  villii^  of 
Ynrlilown,  consistwl  of  seven  redonhts  and  six  lotteries 
on  the  land  side,  connected  l»y  entrenchments;  n  line  of 
batteries  on  the  river  bunk,  L-ouimunding  the  channel ;  seven 
redotilits  on  the  ontworks,  and  some  tield  works  at  a  com* 
municalhig  distance  to  iniiicde  the  approach  of  the  enemy. 
A  line  of  hitrcnchniciits  was  also  extended  across  the  pcniu- 
8»la  in  the  rear  of  Gloucester."  It  was  a  striking  coinci- 
dence, that,  in  the  "Great  Rolwllioii"  of  18Ul-()5,  eighty-ono 
years  after,  Genersl  Nriigrndcr,  regarding  Yorktown  as  an 
iuii)urtanL  strsite^^ic  point,  should  have  fortified  it  in  a  similar 
manner ;  In  some  instances  rchuildinr;  the  remains  of  tlie 
defences  thrown  nj)  hy  Comwallis.  Uut,  as  in  the  case  of 
the  British  (.'onmiinulor-in-Cliief,  he  was  imahlo  fiucccssfully 
to  hold  the  positions  against  the  forces  of  besiegers. 

•Anlf.  l>.  itA- 


\ 


OUtt  FUBNCIl    ALLIES. 


419 


Whon  General  Greouo  liiid  been  iiiformetl  of  the  Hituation 
of  lib  LonL^iiip,  iit  Voiklown,  lie  wrate  )n  Rnroii  g(eiil>en : 
"  Xotliin*^  f«n  save  CornivalIi>i  hnt  a  iiipi<l  retreat  Ihifuigh 
Nortli  Ciiroliuu  to  ClmrluKtuii."  Coniwallis  was  evkit-utly 
sensible  of  his  prcmriniiK  c{niilitioii,)ind  wrote  to  Sir  Henry 
Clinton:  "If  I  had  no  hopes  (if  relief,  I  would  rather  risk 
nn  HCtion,  timii  clefciul  U),v  lialf-lMii!>]icd  works,  lint  ns  you 
soy  Ailniind  l>i^l>>'  is  liiiurli,'  expeetetl,  nnd  liitve  piouiised 
exertions  to  assist  mo,  I  do  not  think  myself  ju»lifiaUe  In 
putting  (liu  fate  of  the  war  upon  so  dcspernto  an  iLltunipt." 

The  Pliiliidclphia  Ftvcma-ion's  Journal  of  Octoher  11, 
1781,  pnMi»hc<l  the  followiug  amusing  veisilication  of  the 
supposed  contents  of  His  Lordsliip';*  cuutinunicalion  to  Sir 
Hcni'y*  under  the  title  of 

"Ah  ErisTLK  fmcx  Lonu  Cor^wallu  to  Sm  HRitRr  Cuxrox," 


"  From  <'lniMl«  oT  urtuikp.  ami  niirrie»  IbBt  roiiinl  mo  gluw, 
To  j'uti.  dear  ('lliilon,  I  dUclose  my  woe; 
Here  ciiiinnn^  flHt>h,  humbs  Klnace,  nad  bullets  fly ; 
Nul  ^iiliia'fi  Bvlt  I'Uilurcs  such  iniHcry, 
WxH  I  rorf-dooinfd.lllie  Koriih,  to  oxpiro, 
Ilnrrri  to  prnlltion  hi  a  bliizc  oT  flrf? 
Willi  Kifsc  Itlue  Oninps  enu  mortal  mnn  conU-nd? 
Whnt  nriri!i  r.iiii  *U\  iiif!,  or  nli:it  tvntl.t  ilrfl-iid? 
Evni  U>  Itit^sv  gaitf*  Inxt  niglit  n  iilintiUim  »tro<l«. 
Ami  tnitk-d  mv,  ti'cinljliii^,  to  Ills  i\ni\  aUo^le; 
Asliust  I  st-iod,  Biruck  iiiutluuk-ss  niid  dirttib, 
Sel2vd  with  Ihe  linrruni  at  ibu  wurlil  to  cotuc. 
yVrrtt  but  Hiy  power  as  mJality  as  iny  raav. 
Ffir  dttfcrint  buttles  would  CotbwiiIIIb  wngc! 
Beiaatli  liU  svvonl  yon  thrcnlcnlng  ho^ts  should  groan, 
Tlir  r>tTtti  -should  quHku  with  llitiiidifDi  all  bin  own  ; 
O  crotinJik-:  tiud  t  iliy  flinty  hldo, 
SwiinU  ut  ik'fy,  mid  ;:lniicc-  tby  balN  nsktv. 
By  my  own  puwci's  would  I  roiit  Itiu  (of. 
With  my  own  Javelin  wniild  I  work  tlwlr  won; 
But  futo  a  ovcrft«.  And  hcavfto's  itnp''*''!'^  dcrree 
Ilclt'-t  Acrpeiit  furtucd  more  excc.-ll«iil  limn  mc. 
llitH  hc'Bieii  Id  »t<en;t,  I'or  HOiiie  vrhue   dct-rct'd, 
TliRt  I  :<!i'>iild  outTpr* nuU  my  soUllvm  hic-ed!' 
Or  b  It  bj  the  Jealuu»  akles  couc«ttk'd, 


430 


BHODE  ISLAND  IN  TBE    REVOLVTIOS. 


TliHt  I  uiDAt  bend,  and  tttey  Igimbly  yivUl? 

Ah!  no.— thr  lliuuulit  o'urtkbelinii  my  noul  vvltlt  grkf,- 

Couic,  boltl  Sir  Uarr)'i  comu  lu  my  r^-tler; 

Ctmiv  Lhou,  briLVu  man,  whom  rubvl's  loij)b»loiii»*  rn]l 

Hut  Brltori*s  grovus,— cuinu  l)l^iiy>  OevH  and  all; 

Come  rrlonilly  Wlllliim.  with  thjr  putviii  ild, 

Can  Ocorsr's  blooil  hy  Freiirlimcn  Iw  cIlRmaycd? 

From  «  Klii^'ii  brolhrr  ouce  Scwla  i-chcls  mil. 

And  sli.tll  not  t)ii^<^  l>K  muted  bj  a  aun  j* 

Cuine  vviili  your  !>blp«  to  tliU  dinniitroua  tthore, 

Come,  or  I  sink,  -  nnd  altik  to  rbc  do  moru ; 

It/  every  inutivu  ihut  truti  i<iviiy  the  bnive, 

Hiiiilc,  nnil  my  rui.4ile,  ruliitln;;  army  Hnve-. 

Coiu«,  Hiid  lost  emiilfo  nVr  lUc  fliH'ii  rcjjaln, ' 

Cliosllne  these  up»tiirCs  tliat  n^urp  llio  muIi); 

1  sev  llieir  tlrtl  ruie»  to  ttiv  dim;;?  advance, 

I  Mc  lo-it  Iri^  tvuarti  lliu  na^a  uf  Fniiiuc; 

TlR're  a  strict  ink  ilii'^  wftki-rul  Frwncliman  kcepH: 

There,  uudistnrbcd  hy  do»<),  Lurd  llaiTdon  »ile«p»I 

Tir'«l  wtLli  Lnnft  nctln;!  i»i  tliia  blocnly  iila;;c, 

Sick  oT  tb«  rulllp*.  of  a  »  mngllii};  agi',— 

Come  ultli  yourtleel.  and  help  mo  to  ivtlre 

Tu  BrUiilii'fi  L-oiut.  (lie  luiiil  uf  uiy  de^lro, — 

For  nit-  thf  foe  tht-lr  rcrlJiIn  captive  ilvcui. 

And  every  «chonl-hoy  tnkt's  ine  for  bl.t  Itiemi*, — 

Long,  much  too  long.  Iih<<  tlils  bard  sL-rvlcc  trycd, 

Iti-i^piitlitrtMl  nliti,  bodi-vil'i)  nnd  Ih-I/M, 

IVitb  tliv  flnt  L-hniice  lUnt  rarorlnx  ruiiiin«  sends 

VU  fly,  converteit,  from  this  land  of  l)end«; 

Tlivu,  llkv  Durdfoyiic.  a«  roi-tunuti-  at  kiLtl. 

Slip  on  tbti  eurpllce,  and  be  diihhctl  a  priest.** 


Buran  Sleiiben  wrote :  "CornwuIIis  U  furLifyinj;  hiine^ulf 
like  a  Imivc  General  who  must  fiill ;  but  T  think  he  tvill  fHll 
with  honor." 

Tlio  Brilti^h  Gunenil  whlidfcw  fi-otu  bia  outer-works,  and 
retircil  within  the  (own.  This  was  thought  to  be  an  indica- 
tion ol"  hi.s  intention  to  itbHndun  Vorktown,  «ntl  to  cscnpe 
hy  the  way  of  West  Point.  But  wliatever  n\ay  hjivc  been 
his  ulterior  desigD,  he  was  rut>tralncd  from  tuuktug  the 
iittuinpt  by  the  exjicftntion  oF  cai'Iy  snccor.  In  thiit  expec- 
tation ho  wild  (loomcU  to  di  imp  point  ment.  The  hoped  for 
supports  tailed  to  reach  him. 


OVR  FRENCH  ALUES. 


421 


When  Washington  nnivcd  at  Williamsburg,  he  wna 
received  (no  doiilit  with  wiirmth)  liy  I-iifayettc  iit  liis  head- 
qiiai-lers.  IIci-c  SI.  HIanchiird  foiiniJ  him,  with  the  Cht'valicr 
dc  Chustc-llux,  and  Guiieriil  Korbnmbeau.  all  of  ii'honi  had 
ichcd  tho  town  in  iidvance  of  thtt  nmiy.  According  to 
the  anthni'ity  of  K.  A.  Urock,  Ksq.,  who  has  carefully  itives- 
tif^attid  the  subject,  Wnshint^ton's  headquarters  were  in  the 
"six-chimney  house,"  now  Ihc  site  of  tho  KaKtcm  Lunatic 
Asyhun.*  The  "  Yoiklown  Centenniiil  Hiindliook"  assigns 
"tho  Wythe  house."  Btiinding  on  the  Pahice  Given,  as  his 
fjuarterji.t  The  two  statcniontu  may  he  i-eronvilod  on  the 
suppositiott,  that  Lwfiiyette  nmde  the  \^'ythe  house  his  head- 
qunrtci-8,  iitid  there  roKcived  Waahinj^on ;  and  tliat  aflei- 
■wanls,  Washington  went  to  tho  six-chimney  house,  and 
remained  there  until  his  iirmy  moved. 

Two  days  at  Williamsbiirg,  for  rest,  stiffircd  the  American 
and  French  troops.  On  the  27lh  of  September.  Wm-hing- 
ton  issued  an  order  of  battle,  and  on  the  28th.  the  entire 
combined  army  was  put  in  motion,  to  test  iU  slrcnglh  with 
Comwiillis,  at  Yoiklown, — Washington  being  in  supreme 
command.  Tlie  troops.  15,000  or  1(),000  in  number,  were 
in  good  heart,  while  in  their  commanders  whs  cout'ontratcd 
BD  array  of  military  talent  never  before  seen  in  Araeiica,  and 
in  un  army  of  similar  nnml>ers,  never  mum  excelled.  Prom- 
inent among  ihc  French  allies,  under  Generut  Itochamhonu, 
were  tho  brothers  Viomesnil,  the  brothers  Dcux-PonU,  the 
Duke  dc  Luuznn,  the  Chevalier  de  la  Aleth,  the  Jlanjuis 
de  Custine,J  the  Chevalier  de  Chastellux,  Count  Dillon, 

■AntP,  p.  »<n.  1  naixllKwk.  p.  VS. 

:  .\ilaiii  I'hilli)',  (.'mini  dc  Oitllnr,  wii*  bom  lii  Mtii.  Krbrunry  i,  ITM.  Hi-  riHrrnl  Iho 
VtoQcli  Hrniy,  anil  uhminoi]  ilkTtnvrloii  In  ili«  M'vvii  Vrun'  Whj',  Hf  ««in«  lo  America 
wllti  KuehaiiilinLii,  In  oiminiind  or  I  lie  rpfliueul  of  iiftlnton^'-  He  terv^d  Willi  liooor  In 
llir  tUff  iif  \i>riiti>nii,  ■ml  n'lilriiiiiK  t»  Kriuri',  In  ITW,  recvlvcil  til*  ii)i[K)tuliupnl  uf 
Mur<H'lial<'lr  riiii>|i.  ThonKli  uf  nublv  l>lrtlj.  Iii.'  JuIdpJ  Ibc  revoluilvuurr  puny,  ami  vm 
iippolDlf^l  lioviTOiir  of  TouliMi,aU(l  iJ>ifwa(tl*i-li'«lr(l  lii-["<l)  t"  ■'■''  StalcB.lirurral  bjr  rb« 
niiMIII;  oT  Ifiimtiic.  Knim  Id.  rrlnti'iiia  W  llili  clut*.  Iir  bvcaiun  ■»  ulrjecl  oriuaplclun  U 
tlir  lti-pu|jlkiiii  hhhh.'*.  liv  irw,  tic  wua  tiwdn  4:oiniiiiuidcr-lD<<:bl«r  ortbc  Frvacli ■rnijr OS 
Iho  iiOiipr  tthhii-,  ami  mitiMriiuruilx  luul  uuninwiKl  af  llic  iiarllicm  atmy.  Nonllfliy  ti>  him 
wm>  »lrr|>lrt!.  iitxl  aiTUsi-d  uf  liriuoii.  lir  wa*  nmOirtiuml  lo  ilpnlli,  and  ,\iif[u>l  M,  iruS, 
W«*|tulUi>lliirj),  iti-<.-lHrliix<t>  llieliirl  liii  lojklcy  Id  IIic  (iriudplc*  b«  BippUMMl.— [.Vtw  Am. 
Cmty.  The  Encg.  Amerieanti  JUft  Iht  tlrtapUatUiit  »n  tKt  S7lk  Aitg.]  A  few  mgnlba 
Mncr,  hb  aoa  expcricucBiI  ■  •imUar  Jmiui. 


422 


ItnODE  I8LAKD  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


Coimt  Fensen,  CoiiDt  Dunins.  M.  tie  C'lioiiiy.  General 
Wecdoii.  Cftiint  Diiuihs,  Miirquia  de  St.  Miitinc,  Visiwunt 
do  Xoiiillos,  M.  DesandrouiiiJ*,  tlie  ^fmriiMs  ile  I^iivnl  Mont- 
luoretic-i,  tlic  Muniuiti  de  St.  Simon,  .M.  Fleiiry,  Vihcoiiut 
Clmrhis,  M.  De  KeviHe,  M.  Bertbicr,  M.  d'AIioville,  M.  do 
Qiieienet,  Itarim  de  Closen,  and  a  score  of  o(bei'«  not  less 
dibtin<;i]i^hcd. 

Ill  the  American  iirmy,  commanded  by  Wiwhington,  wore 
Lafiiyctte,  Lint-oln,  Steuben,  Clinton,  Knox,  Hamilton,  Wil- 
liiims,  iMulilciibur^.  Ciuveniar  Nelsun,  liniid,  DcHrbum, 
Himtinjrton,  Wnyne.  Gimat,  M.  Dtiportail,  Trumlnill,  Giis- 
kiDB,  Oist,  I'lcktriu^.  .Stewart,  Scamniell,  (murdered  l>y  tbc 
eueniy,)  b"it*h,  Gtilvim,  Alexander,  Tilglinian,('obb,  Dabney, 
Gibbs,  Lamb,  Lfliircns,  Adania,  Itoxburgh,  Stevens,  llnzni, 
Hinn]>lirey!^.  Licutenaut-C.'olQncl  OIncy,  uiid  many  others 
ecjtiidly  IiniVB  and  competent. 

The  comliined  forces  commenced  their  m.irch  in  single 
colunm.  They  advanced  to  withiu  about  four  mUes  of 
Yorktown,  wheru  the  mad  divided,  each  brunch  leading  to 
the  ^ceue  of  future  action.  Here  the  two  armies  separated, 
the  American  Inking  the  right,  and  the  French  the  left.  On 
the  nijibi  of  the  .^(Hh  of  September,  Yorktown  was  com- 
pletely invested.  The  line  extended  in  a  semi-circle  to  the 
distance  of  two  miles  from  the  enemy's  works,  each  wing 
resting  upon  the  York  river.  The  disposition  of  the  troops 
was  as  fuJIowe  : 

i<',ft.— Ou  the  French  excreme  left  were  Ihe  rvKirni-nbi  of  Ontlnol", 
Tournlnu  mul  .ts^iiob,  coiniiritfiiig  nbout  3.S00  oDIcent  buci  nii-n,  iiiidcr  tbe 
}[nri|iilN  ik  Sl  Simon  Ntst,  on  the  right  of  thm«.  i_lr/t  efmrf.)  wore  ibe 
rcgimcntH  nr  83liiton;;c  ami  .Snlttftonmil:*.  undrr  VlcomU  VioiiH'tJiiil;  iL&d 
ilio^o  of  Ufux-Poma  And  BourbonnoU,  Qiidor  tb«  Unrun  Vlamcflnlli  tu 
nil,  about  2.UU0  olDcen  and  men. 

C'tutre.—ln  the  rear  of  nil  llio  otliur  troops  w*re  th«  I'rcnch  ■rlUlciy, 
under  AdjilUfit'OeiHTid,  llic  Count  de  Dem-l'oiils.  and  the  Amrrirtin 
Artillery,  inidur  Geiicrtil  Knox,  conshtiug  of  atjunl  'J<)0  men.     In  the  rc^r 


OUD   FRENCH   AU.IB3. 


433 


of  tJM»e  ircr«  the  headquarters  of  R»i:UiitulMaa  ami  W&kljlugton,  tbe  fof' 
meritll^liUjr  advauccd. 

Itt'jhl  C'flfm-  Tlie  (Irsti  JUliiItm  o(  llic  c<MilinculaI  nrin.v,  niidor  Gvnoral 
Baron  Siwiibun,  composed  ot  the  rirsl  brigade,  Geui-ral  Wayne,  coiiipris- 
tng  two  PuiiiiNyU'aiila  anri  two  Marylancl  regltneuts,  aitd  odd  regiment 
frnm  Vlpghiln,  Hvc  in  nil, 

Jtight.—hi^ti  lnr:tiitry  corps,  kDown  »a  the  nccoati  (liviNlon,  nnder  Gen- 
eral tiiiriivotif.  Thl-  vixt  itiaik'  u|i  nfGvii«rtil  Mnhk-iittt>rK'!>  bri;;ntl«,  tom- 
IiHaIiij;  ;i  Mii««ticlui>>ett«  batlnli'iii,  under  Colvnrl  Vw»e,  ii  liutUlioii  utulcr 
LicnU'tinnt-rnluiml  Qliuai,  aud  a  New  Jersej-  biiitalloit,  uiidur  Lieutenant- 
ColitnL']  Iliirbcr;  tliu  M*c»i]d  brif^Oe,  Geiierjil  lliizvii,  corii)iri>lnK  a  Con- 
iiertk'Ot  ttiitlnllon.  under  Ooloiifl  lluuiiLiifUiii.  a  New  Voik  bnltallon,  nndcr 
LleiiU'iintil-Oiiliiix-t  tlaiDiltnn,  a  South  L'nrolhiu.  li.ilUilinii.  iitider  I.Uuten- 
aiiUCittiiiiL'l  Lnurt'n*,  ami  Hnwn**  olt)  Canadinn  regiment. 

/Xri-wr  /?iy'i(.— Tlic  lliird  OIvUl'iii,  under  Gviieral  Lincoln.  cninprbinB 
New  Yurk  suid  Rhudu  Island  reglnii.'utj',  two  Nuw  Jcrsi'j'  lnLtlalluun,  aud 
Vfi-tnltih  niHItla. 

Bin  lli«  plan'  on  page  424,  with  nccaiupunying  explana- 
tions, M'ill  perhiipfl  pive  the  reader  a  cleiirer  understniKling  of 
ihc  exact  position  of  ihe  troopa. 


■Thl*  plan  U  •  nnliicnl  rupjr  oT  tKir  origliml,  racilalunl  Id  a  oullrdkin  af  loap*,  rncrart^ 
hj  fraanit  SlioIIii*.  ai>'l  piiblMir.!  In  l*till»iti-l]i)tln  [n  Dxi?,  I7  C.  V.  W»yii»,  Ici  Horompan/ 
"  Miir>tiairt  Lire  or  Wpublnnton. "  ismral  oiliir  plan«  oT  tlic  ticK<',  AmnlniD,  ttFiieh, 
and  hDfli'li.liiitt-  bren  pobnabnl.ull  urnlilcli  nfm-  In  llii-  poillitinii  iimI|^f<I  to  lli«  Amrr- 
Icsnunil  Ki>-Tic1i  trvoj  >.  The  mod  plalicintlo  of  ihrH'.  fu  nrlUrlp  tuUli,  U  nn*  prfjidrMl 
from  loiual  turveT'i  <>  'cw  A»f  adrr  Ihit  niim-nilrT,  hj  Knjar  KcbairiliLii  Duuoian,  at  Colo- 
ni-l  Lu-mii't  New  York  »>cnnil  r*Klini-iit  ot  ■nlllvrjr.  Improciiliiiu  from  ihc  oH)(inal  jilAtF 
aremiv.  oiiv  Iiprrifrvcd  In  thf  wIlMilani  »rtM  Xtw  Enflaad  HUiot1».i.ipin«k'ttl»'«l 
^ufU-lT.  Thr  Nvw  Voil  ani]  l>pnn«>lrHiilii  lli«torlralS«dHlMM«ll  pOHCM  a  cop}-.  The 
Hiigiulnr  of  Anirrlf«n  Itittor),  (V>r  Octulirr,  IMI,  rnniiilna  a  plan  nf  "  Tbo  ^Ir|;p  of  Turk- 
(dwii.  IP>),  comvUt^  fron*  >■"  t'adcti,  1  LDtiilon,  ]:t^l,;  and  ilie  KtRBDll,  (Amrrlcnn,  i;bI,) 
map',  by  l.lmlrnaiil  L.  V.  Culan-.  iccunJ  miIIIit)-.  Ir^l."  HrunallV  (ilnn  <iin«  ItiKribi-d 
to  Lafuyriir,  tUiinian'*  wa*  ilrdtviilt-il  10  WailiinKtoii.  Tlie  fojiiiM  w«»  rvMcutlj  cum- 
pljnjrroinilirlaittr. 

Ill  Itie  Maitairhir  or  Amprlmi  lllitory  Tor  JutiP.  l^tC,  U |iub1i>li«I  a  urnlljr  ilrann  "  I'lau 
d'York  rn  V'l/iiuvr,  b»pc  ti-n  nlloqurt  k  leu  4'>iuprm«ii«  Art  {"unuve,  CaiiiMniv  dp  I'mncp 
It  (le  I'AmiTlijiH."  Il  ia  an  lUuilrolinn  of  an  atumrimnii  manuacritA  "  iHary  ot  a  Kn-cich 
Uncor."  liptltvcil  lu  Iw  tile  naroii  CroEiioi  ilu  Ilourg.  The  innnitactliit.  nu  fuuiitl  lii  I'liil*. 
aiKl  (iiirrliaH-.l  br  lliv  lute  (..  >'ukc  llarn*.  K*q.,  t>t  I'rovMcBcr.  R.  1.  Mr.  tfarrla  «oune- 
iiu>ly  Kranl'il  iii  llir  iiutliir  llirrn-ruicor  Ibb  aianti*orl|rt. 

•  111  IT^I,  Wllllnm  F#deD  publlkhad  In  l^nilon  a  plan  or  Ih*  Milnmoe  at  ChrMlpe»k*  Bajr. 
wrltb  Jaini-t  and  \\<Tt  rt»w«.  drawa  by  "  an  orBwr."  (probably  I^ncb,}  ibowloc  the  pwl- 
lion  of  Ihc  llrllUlt  Torcca  at  Ynrklaon  aiiil  liliiuivXi-r,  llir  poittlan  of  tlw  Aaifrlcan  anil 
Frtneli  tat\H  under  Omvnl  Waahlnjteui  and  Ui«  pgdlloii  of  Iba  French  dect  aitdrr 
L'OUIM  6d  Ura«ft. 


^^^^^^^V^4?4                  RHODE  ISLAXD  IN  THE  REVOI.nTIOV.                 ^^^^H 

W     Giouocrrctt. 

1 

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r  '  1           nE                               y     f^^kJS  "i             /    \  / 

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tof.A^/  R^  /          >-fr  *^/^^^ir 

j^ 

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^\^\      JBr     /""^i-^  C  y  /^     'vf^  •l«rt»m  • 

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\  \«pV  ^  S^^?^^\      /%>i'*    *■ ' 

k 

:"  )/^p^:^^-(  yv^^x 

Vjl.'HIAjf                  ^                             ^      A^        ^tJI.                                                           >k 

wuiismiH 

=«.,f^Jy    ^ttT'lSbii*'-        ^6.C 

.  Swiilf  VU*! 

\4t«**-                ^s^ 

TB"^ —    •44       U«       dU 

*^^5liV    ■«•«.     \ 

tXl-LASATtOXa. 

^^^^^1                             H.~Mnoi*'i  llvuM. 

R.  r,— ItojisI  Di-iiK-1'oiil*.        Ij.— l^alionrory.                          ^^^| 

^^^^H                                           b.-Frrncli  Ih-pDt. 

Ui.— Bmir)iiinni>U.                   Hm.— 11  aflMl  m  -                            ^^^| 

^^^^^H                          r.  ij.— riji-uii  t^uunw. 

B.  V.--Diitun  Vlumrniid.          U.  S.— (IpimtiI  Kiinx-                      ^^^H 

^^^^H                                                            ll^llKTOD 

F.  r.-KlcId  vrtien  BrlUrh       ti.  Ni-.-litiirol  N*l*on-                  ^^H 

^^^^H                             G.  (1.— GrMiMl  tiuftfd. 

laid  (ton II  llii-lr  ornk.            R.  I.-KlKxlr  I-IawI.                      ^^H 

^^^^^H                            T>. — Tounilni>. 

F.  A.-Ffpncli  ATllUrry.            N.  J  — Nrn  Jtrirj.                            ^^H 

^^^^H 

A.  U— A41utuitti<aMTKl.        III.  v.— »w  Viirk.                    *      ^^M 

^^^^^1                             A*.— A|t>}tioli. 

Va.— rinlnln.                             G.  L.—litnrral  l.ln«uln.                    ^^H 

^^^^^1                                N-ft—itl.  Simon. 

»<it.-Mar>liii»I-                          A.  H— Aai<-rinii  llMpllal.            ^^H 

^^^^^1                                i;.— (jiutnl. 

rfl.-i>i'Dii»>i<»iii.              r.  ii--rrPDei>ii<»piiBt.            ^^H 

^^^^^M                               Sk.— tliaiDliMiXP. 

A.'A.—ADiprlcmti  AHllU-rj'.      <j.  U.— (|u«rl«'iiMk*<t«>Gta*            ^^H 

^^^^^H                                 So — !*ol*)Miniiob. 

Ar— ArtllkvT*-)                                     oral.                                           ^^^| 

OUB  FREKCH  ALLIES. 


435 


The  siege  was  conducted  with  g-ieat  vigor  nnd  precision. 
Tbo  onlers  of  Barcm  Sfeiilicn,*  issued  to  Ike  Amenoin 
troops,  were  promptly  obeyed.  Tlie  French  forces  wore 
equally  energetic.  Both  Americans  and  .illies  ivere  inccR- 
(tntit  in  the  work  of  openin<;  entrcnehmcnttj,  while  redoubt:) 
were  quickly  hntit,  and  parallels  were  rapidly  adviinceil. 
Under  the  cover  of  night,  the  men,  with  pickaxes  and 
spndea,  mai-chcd  noificlessly  to  the  posts  of  lalior,  and  in 
the  moming,  as  if  by  mngic,  there  appeared  to  the  anxioiiH 
eye  of  the  British  Conimunder-lu-Chiof,  and  to  the  aston- 
ished gOKC  of  hia  siibordinatcfi,  a  now  cvidonec  of  power  and 
skill. 

On  the  fith  of  October,  trenches  were  opened,  and  the 
first  parallel  was  cstublishcd  within  six  hutidred  ymvls  of  the 
enemy's  works,  witb  tbo  loss  of  one  officer  of  the  French 
artillery  wounded,  and  of  sixteen  privates,  killed  orwounded. 
On  the  Htb  of  October,  the  second  pmallel  was  opened 
within  three  hundred  yards  of  tlie  enemy's  works.  In  this 
inovciueut,  on«  man  was  killed  and  three  or  four  men  were 
wounded. 


•  KrcilprJck  WUllain,  Unron  de  Slculitii,  wii»  b-jra  nt  3ln|r4ct)urv,  I'rimlu,  >o»cnilicf  i\ 
1730.  Al  lliir  rurl}'  »ci:  ur  ftiurteirii  }i-ari>.  Iif  ciitiTrd  liic  arnij  as  n  v«luii(i-<-r  ijiKlcr  111* 
lkth«r.  nn  i)fll«.-t  ur  rrvilrrtpk  Ilir  Orrul,  l(e  Ihw«iii«  an  ■Idr-ili-^iuiii)  "t  lUat  Knnarcli, 
■uJ  bvld  llie  nnli  of  [.kui«nanl  Cicni-niJ.  At  ftxrvM  aaollltcor  iimioii  unilnnolnniciir*. 
ptornt  am}  prut|vctt«r.  iu  tlic  I'muUii  am\j,  \ir  chdii',  In  ^T77,  to  Aiiirtin.  anil  ulTi-trJ 
Itt*  wrvln-f  ■«  n  iwluulrrr  lit  tlic  Amvrkan  cniup.  In  1~»,  ti«  wmt  appuliiti-J  by  Cuntnim* 
]n«pci!tor'fiirapra1  trt  thp  army,  with  lliri-  funk  ot  Mi^or.Hrnoali  and  ri-nilr-i«)  an  Invalu- 
able (crvlcc  hy  Ihp  prrjKtrallon  nnil  Inlmdiirrliin  uf  thp  I'ruulaii  aynlrm  of  inlllUirjtartlci, 
lAntf,p.  mil).  Uf  WHi  with  WulilnKion  at  Vtithy  t'ofBc.  nnd  ToiikIiI  In  liir  bnlllr  vt 
MnnnioiiUi.  Ur  di'lilitj'i-il  limvttii  nnd  'kllJ  M  tin-  ^iriti'  of  Vaittivwii.  Il<'  oiut  pnnrlll- 
tou*  111  [hv  ntiti>rvHiiii>  ar  ■■lilllari  |im|iripiim,  iiml  )ilaln  In  lliv  cKpiFMlon  of  hU  oplnlona 
and  ftdlnitiwlivn  niidiTFXcitt-iDtQi,  Indcorlut  at  ijidm  fMriuedn  Kern  exterior,  he  poa- 
acnaml  K  iTCidrr  anil  grneniiiii  licurl.  Tli<?  Ilanili,  In  cwmnHiu  xllh  othtT  ufflccn.  ■uflem) 
maeh  prltalluu  Iu  cuqi«<|1Ipiicv  uf  llir  dt-prcvlalcd  ralncorconUncfiCixlcurrvuvjr.BExlKt  ttii 
aloccaftticnitr,  lie  trn  tin- itrinif  (ini^r.  IIUnillllaiT'atnldraiTcrC'AppiTcialril.  Aiid  |irorta1(Hl 
wu  iiuuli'  (fix  lili  ruiura.  Tba  Matr  nT  S'«w  .IprHiy  |pit-o  him  n  umall  fuai,  tlic  li-Kl>tniure 
or  New  YurkprcMnic-l  him  \Tiil)  alNli-on  ttiouund  utm  or  vUi]  land  Iu  tinolda  enunly, 
and  t'nngrrii  giunlril  liliil  an  aiiiiiTitj' i>r  (IVVIO.  HvaHllvOnn  hln  wIM  laiid,  ami  iu"(t  m 
ti>ntli  |Hui  lo  liU  all]*,  Niirlli,  l'(i|iliaiii  mti)  WaJkcr,  aoit  to  bU  •vrianii.  II*  |uuxv11rd  aut 
the  FMt  to  twenty  or  thirty  ii-uaiiii.  lie  died  at  lib  hotar  in  t^ i mutton vlllr,  >'.  T..  Novriib 
l)n  'M,  17M.  A  Life  of  the  Haion,  k;  F.  Uowmi.  *m  puljltxiii'i)  In  H|iarh*'  Atticrlran  Btog. 
ntpky.  Anollicr  Life,  by  ¥t1r4rt6L  Kmpp,  mu  pvblliilwd  In  K*«  Yurie.  In  IfW.  Id  Dr. 
Jaioe*  Tlialclipf'a  Mllltitry  Jmirnal  ma/br  *r«rla  aa  tOtrrMllng  tlirt«b  oTthe  BarocmrplaW 
with  characiBilitlc  ancvdolei  of  lilni. 

54 


OUn  PRKNCH  ALUK8. 


cause  to  hit  that  house,  I  will  give  you  five  guiiiens.""    This 
statement  I  received  as  authentic,  while  1  was  in  Yorktown 


■Thamu  NetioD,  .rr.,  wu  Iho  e1ilr*t  •on  »(  nf  "  I'tvildrul "  Wltllam  NcImk,  uiil  w«a 
horn  tt  Yurkloirti.  DfrriDbrr  Ifi,  IT»  Aftir  hnrltiK  bn>a  ikuUt  llir  tulUa«  oT  the  Ker. 
WLMluiii  YotM,  of  GloucMirr.  ■n«ni-ar(U  I'rctJdctit  of  William  ■□<!  M«ry  ColJr j^.  li«  w*» 
Miiti  at  tbe  age  at  faurlrrn,  lo  KaglaiHl,  to  Diildi  (lU  *<(liii-klinu.  rriiialiilnit  K^rn  yriu*. 

Tliuniu  WM  fln*  m  lh«  Mbaul  nt  Dr.  A'ew'Min*^  at  Ha^kpti}',  ilim  ai  Kron ;  KivduaifiiK 
whli'llxlIaciKn  at  Trinliy  Calif-K*.  (^unbrUK>-.  ao4  reioniinfl  to  Vlrclnlaln  bit  Knciily- 

fit«Oiiil  )rar.     Wliilal  oa  tli>TU>ag*,  bt  mpMl  to  liU  falbrr,  lipttai  rlrrli-il  ■   iQrmlwf  of 

UicIIouinufBurgMnei.  Hr  umrrll^dt  In  lltK.  Lucy  tirriiw».<lngBlil"of  riilll|>  aiid  Uai; 
(JOodolpl)}  GlTID«>,»r  Uuldl<->ia.  lie  wa*  aiuirlBttd  In  buainru  with  hU  Utbn.tnm 
ffhom  at  Iho  dwath  of  Ihr  Uiln  Iv  rporkiHl  a  [lorlloa  of  Jt40,0M 

II*  WM  a  member  of  lli«  vuclnla  (odtcqiIodi  of  1771  and  JTTa.  and  dltplayrd  rxinonlU 
n$rj bttlAuptm  Id  rrtUlliiK  ItitlMi  tjranny.  Hr  na*  clrcFfd  by  tlin  4 'nnicnlian  in  Julf, 
ITli,  Colonel  of  tli«  .SMond  VlriclaU  Itririnipni,  which  poit  bf  rvtlKDcd  on  b4-ln(  cl««t«d  to 
the  Contlnrnlal  l.'itn^rrM  ttip  iwuic  irar.  Ili-  mn  a  roaijilouvu*  ttH-mhirr  or  thr  CoBTMl- 
UoD  oT  lITil,  wliMi  rmiiJLHj  Ihr  CodiiUiiUvu  uf  Virginia.  Ilv  wa*  a  rurnilirr  of  Ihe  Com- 
BilltM  on  Anicl«s  of  t'onfeclrrallon,  and  Jul;  t.  irrn.  dcncd  Iht  IttcUraik-o  of  ludrp^o't- 
tllM.  Ib'i'ik-M  fur  uftlvF  ■rnW  In  the  ArM.  he  mljin*''  hia  **at  in  CuDgirm,  Slaj,  1777, 
and  in  Anoint  rullonliig  wm  n[>)>oli>m1  I'omniniidvr-In't'hkr  of  tli»  HIale  Con**  nf  Vlf. 
(lala.  llr  <ooii  aHrr  nilMtl  n  tn'i>|>  I'f  ca«alt)  tilth  mhlch  lir  n-pMlird  to  Phlladrljfhla. 
Kp*iimii))(  Ml  duttri  In  ilii>  Vlrjitcila  t>-£ts1aiurr.  Iiv  ttrunglj  ujiptnpd  llie  prapoaltlon  td 
•r>|iiiMlra<e  Urltloh  pTO|>«rtT,  vii  tlit  gtuund  that  It  w«)ild  Ik  an  uiiJuM  rrlallallaii  at  iiatlte 
Hraofca  an  prlvair  toitli i>lu>I«.  H(  «ai  nsahi  clMird  lu  Oiincvix  In  KcbrMrr.  ITTVk  liut 
t>aa  obliged  bf  liull>;H>itlloti  <>)  n->t|iii  lil*  M-al.  In  Ha*,  ti*  wan  cailtJ  uiion  to  orfADlta 
Uw  8iatf  mllltla.  a&il  rrpcl  an  lutadlnr  F3E|>iHii]laii  of  tiw  eevmr.  A  loan  of  |3,n«\c«0 
b«lDl  caU«d  for  bj  VlrgJuLa,  in  Junr,  ITeii.  mid  lii  Ikal  prr1o4  af  ctc*|H>ntkii«r  ifd  dUtruat 
brluf  dlfluull  l»  ubrain,  <'i(-n«taJ  Ni-lion,  bf  itnououi  i-iiitrHviir*  and  an  liU  own  jirriunal 
•MDJlijr,  mlM-d  a  largr  purtlan  of  11m  ninnuiit.  Hr  oliw  adiaiii^d  foaiiej'  to  i>ar  mo  Vlr- 
f  InUt  regliDcnU  onlwrrd  lo  ^e  iWiiTti,  whlnli  r«nMrd  to  luank  nntU  atrraragM  due  tUtm 
ware  palij. 

[n  (be  Ilim  crilfo^  hipivl  at  alTnlr*.  u|ion  lliR  mleiiatlua  uT  Goreniior  Jrffvrron,  a  milt- 
larx  CKFCOilTi-  bt-li>£  ilntnL-d  ■  nPrriiHiF,  GcTirnl  Nclauii  was.  June  IS.  ITS],  rltCtrd  to  lUC 
(wtl  Ilim,  oppiMliitf  tn  fn-t*ou  trilh  wlial  liiUltla  br  cunid  «<aiiiii>nnd.  wKh  tIrvplFM  TtgllaDca 
and  untiring  <^cTg7.  Ibo  rnrinj  wlio  wrrv  rat ucliiff  ilir  f  latr :  nnlldpalinK  tb*  wanlt  of 
llu-  •Enrlcv  with  aluguhu  coni[v*liTU>l>'p  fDr*r»il  nnd  u  ^imrltlan  wandrrful.  in  vii^w  nf  Iha 
didkulilM  vhkti  btvtt  bitu-  H«  KpulMtl.  ai  Harafll'a  t'mj,  Cw  Iraliar  Anudd,  on  itlJ 
Banaitliignpolittou  auilgair  hlaipurauil. 

TIm  waecrtt  at  Gonriiar  NrlMin  In  fiPgniiJiluK,  niiilpiilnji  nud  provliliiif  wa«  Iwc^li' 
AuthercU  bytbo  abllltr«tii1  ataJ  of  (.'uJwdvI  >«'llUiiai  L>atlri,  ^a  aoDoT  tlip  |i1ati>!iainual 
Davk*.  known  a*  » tlir  Ariu*llr  ut  VtttbjtninxtUai  In  Vltghila,->  who  Oiled  tlie  olB»  of 
"Coianiti>ioB«r  or  Vfnt "  fur  I'lr  .«Iai*,  «  jwix  wlilcb  Mmblnvd  a  pruvloM  and  loopc  of 
duUei  anal^DOiu  to  tlio«u  uT  a  Si.'irc(iti7or  tVir  andof  ICav)'  Mvt-rallr- 

UcDrnl>'clM)naldi-iI  lu  thr  ri'iliirtl'iii  nf  Vorkliiwn.  wtn-n'  lir  MB*  In  commiuid  of  i/AU 
nlUlIa,  nUcd  lu  ihe  Wwr  vottuMvt.  llu  ii-r<i«-*  w«tv  liigUXy  eciiniR»nit«d  by  General 
Vaakb^tan  In  Kcat-ml  unlm  ilaicd  tK't  jIht  -.v.  irgJ.  His  tinii  »»  Uavmor  cxpbvd  bjr 
provtaloD (Don  after.— In Xoirmlwr.  nclnftbiokm  In  licwiib.  heltirn  ralirrd  IKini putdle 
•crrlcv.  rpcudlng  Ul>  iwinnluliiji  itaj*  ■(  hi*  K-ai.  Offlvr,  In  JIanoi'cr  vutiCFty-  U«t«  h«  wa* 
tlitlrd  b;  thv  Uaniiili  tW  C'lia^lttln^L,  wli«  tL-wi IWi  Tlw  midi-ucr  aa  a  Muall  woodM  bnlld- 
tog,  and  <Kpmu«d  hJiUM-lf  ai  chwrmpd  wiili  tt>p  itinpia  plMr,  puilly,  and  Tefluruirnt  uf  it* 
hioDy  elr«l«.  Ucn,  lou,  Gvutral  .^rlwl)  brtatlicd  hb  tail,  January  t.  I7w.leatliig  aa  a 
kxoicy  to  bli  family  uNU)(lit  btil  au  llliiildoot  rt-ri>rd.  fur  III'  iirruidiui  advaiiCL-a  lor  Xht 
(State  had  Iniiiurcrlalinl  Iiiia,  aiut  lh«  rlalnit  uf  til*  rvmainluK  I'lvdlior*  Ilti-mlly  brggan-d 
IbcB.     lu  Ihl*  frgard.  Ooucial  Nelauu  tuiknl  With  TUitwrl  Slurtli,  Ik*  |>«lrluUi-  and  tvit 


43H 


RHODE  ISLAND   IK  THE  KE\'OLCT10S. 


in  1881,  from  n  dcsccncliint  of  Govt-riioi-  Nelson.  Another 
version  of  tlie  story  wilislitutcs  Liila^ell©  f<ir  Wiislitngton, 
nnA  oniils  thi*  promise  of  roniponsulinn  to  the  gunner.  The 
house  wns  sevenil  times  strnelt,  niul  to  this  Jiiy  it  beiira 
niiirks  of  the  iDvi^^h  truiiliiiuiit  it  ix'<;t.>iv(*d. 
Thiit  tirtjt  tire  was  seriouts  in  iU  ofl'ecU,     "A  party  of  ofH- 


\'t<t 


■S^^ 


Tut  iJuVHBMuK  X'iii.eoN  ltoi;iix,  Vouktowx,  Viiioima.* 


tmci\ne]Bg  llnmiclw  of  Iho  lU^wliiilttii.  and  <m  liav*  no  urldpowi  lli«l  hU  •«r*i«i»  were 
pvrr  wchnowlcdsnl,  [wcluIaHIt.  by  vltbiT  Vlr|inlN  nr  (hr  crnent  KATcnunml.  bjr  lud 
xniiit  urpviinlud. 

A  run  riu<]|  M  l^ultxillr.  Kcninrkri  In  l^tl,  wa«  uiEiifH]  fori  yniton.  In  lionor  or  Uvn* 
wml  \rl*»n.  lilt  ilatur  III  broiiic  la  oue  of  lliv  Mx  whlHi  ailurn  tlir  WKiblngtuk  nuuu' 
mtat  In  the  putilli!  di'inrp  n1  RIi^IiitiuihI.  Vlr^nla. 

Tlir  Miily  {lortrall  of  Jtlni  fur  irlikli  hr  ervt  ait  U  pmu-rvrd  In  tilt  SI«lr  Lilirarj  of  Vir- 
jttnla.  li  uiu  jiiiliilpd  by  {'tminbc-ilBln  In  Ijiiidoo,  irM.wlillil  iliu  ■iibjpci  wj»  s  iiudcnl  ■! 
Kluii.  11  rf'iirpcpnl*  lilin  a*  n  liaiidtomir,  ruddj  clirvktd.  brown-hnlrrfl  yauili.  wttli  oral 
ooutuiJT  at  facn  uiid  •  iiiimI  riiiEHxtiix  cN)irviiiion  uf  couiitciiiirjiv.  'I'hU  |i<irtnill  w«t  plto- 
luKra-pliMl,  Mid  ■  «np7  furntobcd  ma,  Uront  wbUk  Ibv  cngnvlng  •hvivD  on  giaji*  m  I* 
rcprcxlimd. 

11ii-riuiil1j  arm*  nrc  a>  rfllicin:  tVr  pulrar.Niid  m.  (Lrliri.  briir.  Ilirrdlr-un'dollteonn. 
ler-riiKi  ifcil .  C>««t~A  drurdflla.  Acc^nnhng  in  Bnrli*  (Gnm-rnl  Arntour)'}  ituMa  MraiH 
RK  of  LoBdon,  n>Dnly  Wllif ,  inrt  (irimtion.  Yorkrhlre. 

.  TtiU  nottn-  nr  (ivrirral  Nrl*nn  U  iirriinrFd  rmiii  •  akrlrh  cuuTteoiidy  fkirnUhvd  ou  t^  S. 
A-  Hrw^,  Kill-,  at  Klrlinioui],  Vn. 

■  Front  ■  ptiDtvpapl)  louw^  tUe  uiOxQt  by  Ml»*  Kiito  SttKta.  or  Voiktoirii,  ■  itowiiilMil 
of  Uottxtuit  Nelton. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  «i* 

(^Pi-s  WHS  then  at  dinner.  The  Mritisli  Comtnissary  Perkins 
mis  with  them.  One  of  (he  officers  was  aa  old  Scotch  Liouton- 
uiil,  who,  when  the  allios  first  invested  the  place,  vam  heard 
(o  soliloquize,  na  ho  buckled  on  his  sword:  'Conic  on, 
Mrtibter  \^'a»biiiglou,  I'm  unco  -jlad  to  soo  you.  I've  been 
offered  money  for  my  coiuniissionf  but  I  could  na  thiuk  of 
gangin'  home  without  a  sight  of  you.  Come  on.'  Poor  fel- 
low !  \\*ashinf^ou  fell  upon  him  in  u  way  tliat  was  qtiito 
unoxpcctod,  for  (hat  tirst  hull  struck  nud  wounded  him  ter- 
ribly. It  also  wounded  the  (iuartermaster  and  the  .\djuliiut 
of  thy  seventy-sixth,  and  killed  the  Commis-sary-Geufral."* 
The  hcadquartera  of  Cornwallis  were  the  elegant  mansion 
of  Secretary  Thnnnaa  Xelnon.  This  was  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  ohjeots  in  the  town.  Kctircd  from  public  life, 
advanced  in  years,  aHlictcd  with  gout,  uud  in  spirit  a  non- 
combfitiuil,  Mr.  Nelson  contiiitiod  to  reside  in  Yorktown 
unmolested,  and  in  friendly  i*eIations  with  the  British  Gea- 
eml,  until  after  the  siege  commenced,  A  shot  having  killed 
one  of  his  negroes,  and  the  accuracy  of  the  American  gunners 
threatening  the  destruction  of  Lis  dwelling,  he  was  permitted 
to  pass  out  of  the  Ri-itish  lines,  and  to  carry  with  him  such 
of  his  persona]  effeits  as  he  could  convey.  In  this  way,  by 
the  assifitaucu  of  his  negro,  Louis,  the  family  plate  was 
saved. 

Cornwallis,  finding  it  imprudent  to  remain  longer  in  a 
place  that  had  become  a  target  for  the  besiegers'  artillery, 
'  took  new  quarters  out  of  range  of  its  lire.  Where  these 
were  located,  does  not  appear  to  be  known.  The  story  of 
his  retreating  for  shelter  to  a  cavern  on  the  river  bank  in 
the  rear  of  his  defences, — although  often  repeated, —  is  to 
be  received  as  apocryphal.  Tmo,  there  is  a  cave  of  consid* 
orablo  size  under  the  bluff,  near  the  centre  of  the  town, 
which  is  known  as  "  Coniwallis'  Cave,"  but  there  is  no  evi- 
dence that  he  ever  occupied  it  as  a  place  of  safety.     Mo  vraa 


*"YoH(ta»n  CMiipiilgci,'*  b)'  Ucnrr  P.  JobnttOBi  p.  IS).   TliUUmvklBBbt«work,  aodla 
MtdlAlly  rttcmuitnibNl  to  axj  rt*ikr». 


430 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  TUB  RKVOLUTION. 


too  brarn  a  soldier,  and  too  wiso  a  G»iiora1,  to  hnro  set  such 
an  example  to  liis  army.  This  eavc  is  thought  to  have  been 
made  l>y  thu  iiihaliitJint^  of  Yorktovvti,  at>  it  place  \n  which  to 
tec^rcte  their  valuablcd.  It  is  Huid,  ihut  thoro  was  another 
cave,  ItDed  ivith  green  twiize,  in  which  CornvsHlli^  met  with 
bis  officers  for  consultation  ;  but  no  traces  of  it  rciuaiu. 


EXTEUrORIZED   lIKAIHtCAIITRRS. 


Wash 


logton 


spent  his  first  night  before  Yorkt< 


lis  brst  night  hetore  l  orktown  in  an 
open  field,  sheltered  by  the  out-spreading  branches  of  a 
mulberry  tree.  Around  him  lay  an  army  in  which  he  con- 
fided for  the  success  of  a  vitid  movomcut.  fiefore  him, 
entrenched,  was  an  army  to  be  conquered,  com[>08ed  of  vet- 
eran troops,  commanded  by  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  British 
Cionerals.  The  advanta^  of  numbers,  on  the  one  sidct  waa 
offset,  on  the  other,  by  large  experierjiie,  by  the  prestij^  of 
southern  victories,  by  a  well  supplied  magazine,  and  by  the 
cheering  expectation  of  an  early  re-euforccmcnt  from  Now 
York.  In  the  Amoricftn  wing  of  his  command,  there  was 
but  one  general  officer  (Steuben)  who  had  a  practical 
acquaintance  with  the  work  of  a  siege,  while  (he  British 
commander  and  his  subordinates,  were  at  home  in  the  sci- 
ence of  defence,  la  the  few  days  of  the  future  was  wrapped 
failure  or  triumph.  Which  of  these  would  those  days  dis- 
close? What  would  be  the  pha^e  of  to-morrow?  Of  the 
next  day?  And  of  the  next?  The  anxieties  of  that  night 
must  have  been  intense,  ami  tbcy  must  have  prevented,  to 
some  extent,  the  re[)osu  invited  hy  the  friendly  shade.  The 
spot  chosen  for  these  extemiioi-ized  headquarters  should  be 
marked  and  held  sacred,  in  the  name  of  Liberty,  tbrough 
all  future  time.  I'erliuently  has  a  distiuguished  orator 
recently  said : 

"  Yon  wtll  ajreo  with  me  my  n-lcDds,  tliAt  if  thnt  lire  which  overshad- 
owed WnsblDgton  sli-cping  Id  th&  open  air  ou  bla  wsjr  to  Yorktown  were 
•tutdiDg  today  — If  It  had  escaiwd  U)«  uecoNbitlttM  and  CMualUes  of  ttto 


OUB  FRENCH  ALUES. 


431 


•legv^  ud  were  ool  cat  dowa  for  tbc  abntls  of  a  rrdoubt,  or  far  eamp-flrM 
tad  caoldiif>Bret,  lonff  ttn<t — ir  it  could  any  bow  be  fouiid  nnd  Idcntlfled 
lDywia«rB«»eh  Wood,  orl-ocnst  Grovt,  or  Cw8U«  OroTc.— no  Welling- 
ton BMch,  or  ICapoIeon  Willow,  no  MIkon  or  even  Sliakcftijcnre  Mulberry. 
DO  Oak  of  WllllBiH  iTiB  Coiii)HtTor  nl  Windsor,  or  of  Henri  IV.  nt  Fon- 
tslnblt-au,  nor  even  ibosc  lilstoric  trceH  wlilcli  guvc  r<:fU];«  to  ibc  fugitive 
rUarlcs  II.,  or  fbrnlslved  n  hiding  plocf!  Tor  the  charti'r  which  ho  granted 
to  Connvcticuc  on  fats  rMtorution,  would  Ik  so  prrclous  and  so  hallowed 
lu  nil  Americiu  eyes  and  hearU  to  the  latest  gciicratloo."  * 

HOSPITALS. 

The  Americiin  wing  of  tho  anny  hn<l  ii  Hospital  on  the 
tield,  in  the  re.nr  of  Ocncrnl  Lafayette's  headqnnrtors,  the 
chief  Physitiiau  and  Snrgf^on  being  Dr.  Jnmea  Craik.| 
Among  clher  aurgcon.s  were  Dr.  .James  Thatcher,  to  whom 
reference  has  jicveral  times  been  mad'C  in  these  pflges,  and  his 
assistant.  Dr.  .I'^lneas  Mnti^m. 

Tlic  French  wing'  also  Imd  a  Ilnspitnl  on  tho  field.  Phys- 
Jcian-in-Chief,  M.  de  Coste  ;  Surgeou-iu-Chiuf,  M.  Robillard ; 
Superintendent  of  JIuspitals,  'Si.  de  Msirs.  The  Kospitala 
on  the  field  appear  to  have  been  used  for  immediate  necessi- 
ties. A  Hospital  was  established  at  Williamsburg,  to  which 
the  wounded  were  conveyed  in  ambulnnce-s.  .Mahiriul  sick- 
ness extensively  prevailed  among  tlio  American  and  French 
troops,  and  on  the  T4th  cif  October,  there  were  npwards  of 
five  hundred  patients  Jn  this  Hospital,  including  twenty  offi- 
cers. Every  thing  possible  was  done  for  the  comfort  of 
both  thti  sick  and  the  wounded. 


rREXCIl    EXTnUBIASU. 

"  This  French,  In  this  sivge,  seemed  to  become  rivals  to  each  other,  and 
eacli  offlcer  curled  Hid  lot  of  him  who  vaa  sent  upon  attempU  of  tbo 
greatest  danger;  tliey  liurrlcd  axtiiy,  wUb  tbi;  i-urloslty  which  I  c&onot  but 
call  nuthncHs  and  madnffss,  tn  eramino  lh(>  works  of  tbe  ejiemj,  and  hasten 
the  pfot;resB  of  our  own,  Kven  the  ob«ciire  commnn  soldier,  whose  life 
aad  dutb  arc  cqu&lly  cooalgned  to  obllvlou,  strove  to  oDt-do  his  rcnowacd 

«Bdi>.  KolMnC.  Wlnilirup,  ACTorklown  CvdivdhInI,  Ool.  It,  IMI. 
r  AUt,  p.  190. 


•132 


BBOra  1BLAKD  IK  THE  KEVOUmoy. 


officers  1b  these  daring  cuicrpriS4:«.  uhJ  went  up  la  detlaiice  of  tiie  eoeiny 
ID  llic  yvTj  edges  of  their  lntrcnchm«nts.  The  inlDcr  with  hL^  ixe  In  bts 
baiul.  sdvancnl  with  ft  delfmlncd  sKft  thron^h  n  «thower  ntgnpe  shot  to 
cat  dofvn  the  ir«e  it  his  letture,  which  perhaps  shielded  him  Ttam  destruc- 
tion. The  corps  of  ftrtlller;  so  dlt>tlngiiUb»d  by  ihe  sbliilies  sod  Intrt- 
pldlty  of  their  olBcvrs,  were  uo  lew  so  by  tlie  scliTltjr,  tipirit  and  courage 
or  their  soldierf.  GencraJ  Wttsblngtoo  blmsdr  beheld  ib«  vflrcu  of  this 
dsrlng  spirit  with  utonlshineDt ;  a  bomh  or  a  ballet,  rortaoalel}  puinted, 
excited  in  then  the  lively  emotions  of  an  ea^ut  haDlanua,  who  tonpog  the 
point  or  seizins  bU  prey. 

"A  pinner,  at  one  ot  the  embrasures,  bad  his  foot  carried  away  by  a 
bullet.  I  tried  to  cooiole  the  uohsppy  man  in  the  flr»t  motnenta  of  bis 
on^ilsh.  when  he  uptve  me  for  an  answer,  *  I  am  Ie«s  altltcied  for  the  loss 
of  laj-  foot,  titan  for  being  so  uofonuuste  as  not  to  bare  had  time,  before 
It  happened,  to  discharge  the  cannon  I  bad  pointed  with  ao  much  care.* 
B«  sooD  after  died  of  bfs  wonod,  and  never  ceased  to  complain  Ull  the 
last,  of  the  (Ulnre  lie  luid  made  In  <lrinj(  hia  piece."* 

Both  Wasbiagtoa  aad  Rocbniubenu  made  careful  recon- 
noisaances  of  the  enemy's  defcoces,  aometiiues  running'  sen- 
OII3  risks.  Once,  to  settle  o  question  of  importance, 
UocbaniI)emi  left  the  trenches,  descended  slowly  into  the 
ravine,  taking  a  circuitous  path ;  and  (hen  aseetidiii^  the 
opposite  escarpment.  approache<1  the  encmy'si  redoubt,  np 
to  the  abatis  that  surrounded  it.  Aflor  havinj;  I'arefully 
observed  it,  he  rcliiracd  to  the  iHittery,  not  intemiptcd  by 
a  single  ^hot. 

"Well,"  said  he,  "the  abatis  and  the  palisades  are  alill 
entire.  We  must  redouble  our  fire  to  break  them  and  lo 
level  the  para|iet.  To-morrow  we  shall  see  if  the  i>ear  is 
ripe."f 

IKOIDENTS. 

One  day,  while  Washington  and  the  Itev.  T^fr.  Kvans,  a 
Ctaplain,  were  standing  together,  a  shot  struck  the  ground 
so  near  them  as  to  cover  the  hat  of  the  latter  with  sand. 
The  reverend  gentleman,  considerably  agitated,  took  oil'  bis 
hftt.  and  said,  "See  here.  General."     The  General  e«m- 


: 


•  CkMitllux. 


tDmiMM. 


& 


OCR  FRESCH  ALLIES. 


pospdly  replied,  "Mr.  Evans,  you  ha<l  better  cirry  that 
home,  and  show  il  to  your  wife  and  uhihiren." 
.  Of  General  Bai*on  .^tcuhcn,  this  incident  is  relnted. 
While  un  cinly  in  thu  Lronchcii,  iti  company  with  General 
W'liyno,*  jjoreoiving  liiniself  in  dun^er  from  ti  shell  thmwn 
by  the  enemy,  he  suddenly  threw  himself  into  the  trench. 
General  \\'ii3-ne,  in  tlie  junimrdy  and  hurry  of  the  nioiuunt, 
fell  on  him.  The  Ittuon,  turning  his  eyes,  Knw  that  it  was 
his  Brigadier.  "I  always  knew  you  were  brave.  General," 
sairl  lie  ;  "Imt  I  did  not  know  you  were  so  peifeet  in  every 
|K)int  of  duty.  You  cover  your  GoncraPii  retreat  in  the 
l>e£t  manner  jK>tit?it>Ie.**  f 

From  the  lieginning  of  the  siege,  the  enemy  oe<'Upiod  two 
redoiilils  about  three  hundred  yartU  in  advanee  of  hii*  prin- 
eipid  works,  wliieh  enfiladed  the  entivni-hmenl  of  the 
hesie-gers,  and  impodc<l  their  approaches.  These  redoubts 
Mere  known  art  "\o.  !l  "  and  "Xo.  ID," — the  latter  Iwing 
al&ii  called  " Knck  Redoubt."  Upon  eonsuKaiion,  it  was 
decided  that  they  should  be  taken  by  Htorin.  To  this  end, 
the  red(uibt — "  Xo.  10" — on  tlie  left  of  the  Jtritisli  gaiTison, 


*li»iirral  Anilmiiy  Wajmr,  (vnur  tMior  It'iiyiii-,  an  ulBnT  In  thr  IihIUti  W»t*,  waj  bom 
InClH^rrroaiily.  IViinaylranla,  .liiniiHrr  i-  i;ifl.an<l  «m  rdDr«lr4  >l  mi  acaJcmr  In  I'MI- 
MdvlpililB.  IIf  rojjjr  rnjatri]  thf  IVtinilililp  of  I>r.  I'mikllii.  hIio  inuml  fur  him  au 
M|i|)iilii1nii-DI  M  Iniial  npnit  !li  Ntivm  ttculls.  At  tlic  mliimcUCTinrHl  ut  llir  M<-v»IUIl>'u,  hr 
t'Dli-ml  thv  kmiy.  In  irrv  rhii  cuinnilMlimeil  •  *  iiIoih-I,  auil  In  1777,  m  Hrt|[ii<lkf-(>i-QmI. 
Ur  wncd  ii.iiili-r  Hi)iiriiiiiui-r<  In  (kimmIii,  iiiul  «>•  Hntuiilnl  bi  Tml>  miirn-*.  Ui' km 
with  Oiilf"  at  1'l<s»n1j'r.')pi,  aii'l  <a>*lnxuliilK-il  IiliiiH'lr  uExh-f  Wtt^MnKtun  "t  liraiulywlnp, 

liiTiiianlonii  aiiij  M iioiiiti      }\r  vrvt.1  iiiiilct  tMttytli:  <n  Vlrciriia.  •»il  ratiini*ii<lnl  • 

<liil>iuti  Hi  YorVlowii,  >"«ir  WNlUinititiri:  lir  «■>  iirciili-iilalli  ttiiiiiiiliil  liii  itnr  of  hit 
trntliifljt.  Hit  luUBi  puptilitr  it(i1nrl(-l:r  wii«  aelilcirJ  In  Munulnn  ^I'Miy  I'oEut.  In  llil* 
nllack  br  ma*  Kaiiiulnl  in  llw  1ii«i].  Cuii;^ir*<.  In  rrmpiiliuu  ot  >i1r  H-rvlrc*,  ].iR<»i?nt('>1 
Itliii  wKli  ■  ruip  u(  tUauku  hihI  h  ituM  nictlal.  IIU  i-iit-riO'  In  iiHIuii,  mill  l)nr*U  itf  ffFlliii 
wlii-n  ilronglr  rxi-ltrit.  rmx-un-il  for  lilni  llif  *i>l«ii|iivl  <il  "  Hail  Anllmiiy." 

An»T  Ihr  fall  nf  Yorkloviii.  r.itiicrni  Wjijiir  Jnlnvd  Upiipral  (•nrim  Id  llir  ftonth.  diilbMad 

roliiiKl  ItroiTiic  III  iii>orvia,  Hitj  V.  17^3.  unit  lipwinb^r  I4(li.  tli*-  *niih'  jrnr.  Inok  ikhbf*- 
tlim  iiT  rlinrloloii.  t'li  Ifn  ■•'kitruiitliin  lii  ITVi,  iif  »iit«TOlnl  <iri>i-ral  hi  (.'lair  lli  Ui» 
Notlti  >t>*T.  eaiiipil  II  tli-lur^  uriFf  Itii-  liiillaiiJi  mt  thr  Mauin»*  I(ii|i1>lt,  bihI  cwiii[v1U-(I  Um-ih 
ID  aitt  Air  |>n>n.-. 

tn  t7H-&,  lip  ■prvcil  111  ilw  IViiuiTltaiiiii  AivrinUf.  ami  in  IW  C'linifnllon  Ikal  nttUlMl 
Ihv  I  mini  )>lam  ■  viHaialUiii.  Ur  itlH  at  t're*i|iip  InU-',  t>TCvml>«t  1.\  I7t>%  "iMvltv 
In-lilnit  l>liu  llir  rr|nititl lui>  uT  inn-  uf  llii'  tuail  iliaTluj^nlillnl  *tHl  liwriturUM*  dBlMta  ft  llir 
Rrvolullon." 

t  I1wieli«r 


IIIIIOAI>IKJI-<iKXHlI.   AXTIIOXr   WatXII. 


*"rolanM  AlpSBtiilcr  llanilltun  l«il  on  llir  Amcrlouu.  with  cni|>tr  inuikHi  aad  tac4 
tuiro"!''''  ^Vlii'ii  III-  nrrli'L'il  at  Iliu  right  nalmibl,  wlili-la  lie  wat  lu  allMk,  be  nudr  ft  (bort 
bill  i-l(M|iiriil  iutdn-».  nhUil  trla  illitl»rli>  lirard  VyUir  olli-ut  htil  cbrpl;  Inlm-itUd wtUwM 
[WMMnRtonl  In  llic  firBml  t-allrn'.    '  l>l(I  }»ii  tirr  hear  lurli  ■  'iirrch? '  r^mu^Ml  UmiL 

l>.  lit  l»r>  H     '  ^v  (III  tiiTU  D  aprtTJi  I  cvuli]  ituimi .*    6hor(ly  after  ilx'  KrMicta  oltaer 

arriinl  *llli  III  Ml  It  It)  mi  brrun  lliv  ullirr  nuLiubl,  Hrhen  hr  waa  eliaiJtiifiiil  bjr  tlM>  aeiitlMl. 

•■.'i«ift»i»^.— '  WhoconiM  lliirri'?* 

•■  FV^ac*  OJIixr.— '  Kiviieli.' 

*'>imf(nW-— Uliialui  II  for  'IHruil."  and  axnln  dcmaiiib,  'Who  cohipj  tlwf*?' 

"  yttneh  Qfeer.-'Frrnih  (irvamllcn  nod  (.'huHun,  t^^-r  g-t!  »>H>A-|~0-|1I 
S-H-A-H-U-KMl- 

••tliv  wtinl  ■ctisrgi'' wuilrawliMlaut  <rlt)i  m  niiieh dollbvraltna,  bikI  wllh  aueh  U^Mv 
fMt  prtuiuuolBiloii,  ■•  !□  rxclic  lirftrtj-laucliicrnxiiai  Ute  wltncMM  !■  llw  KT^ad tatlNT." 
— l>r,  Umttum't  Kttrrativt, 

TKa/vuL'bMfln  l>a  lIuUK  VliMiiroiU  nai  t>oil>  In  l^j^  Bl  rancuDonirt,  L«iTalH«.  B% 
%nui  ■  Imp)  mitltar;  rapcrttAoc  Ui  Europe,  aud  ilUUnguiibMl  bluKlf  uudcr  HTTtiiMhiM. 


OUR   mKSCn  ALLUS3. 


485 


Count  William  Dcux-Fonta*  to  lead  the  stormin;z  party. 
That  enthiisiaatic  officer,  long  eager  for  the  ojccitemcnt  of  bat- 
tle and  for  llie  j:l«ry  of  successful  adveiitiiu!,  was  now  in  his 
element.     A.s  his  Jetuc^bment  moved  out  uf  the  line^,  tbouo 


y 


^M.. 


C'lti.ti    Wii.UAu   tHSdx-I'o.oTa. 


«t  Torktovn.  In  ]7f>t,  he  <»«■  marirTJvub-iiani.GMvml,  and  rv(»lv>d.  In  ITK,  thegniid 
vro«*  ar!>l.  Louis,  lie  wmi  ilic  wnrm  Mrii'l  of  I.oufv  XVt„aiiil  m  dnrvnilliiir  blm  nI  \^v 
attack  a)ion  tlie  'Dilkiki.  Aujimt  1U.  VPtt,  In  «■■  mdflall)'  wouiidi.il.  *ihI  >Ur<l  Noveiitber 
V,  follawlDg. 

Tli«lbuit)iil«Cliark.'*  Joipjih  njsclntlta  )>a  Hoas  dc  TlametoU  wa»  tern  in  IT3I.  Ilia 
inailarr  tidanu  trarv  hlfUjr  airpraelalfiil.  AfliTt  wnloB  In  America  at  a  lln)iiT.Unntfal 
iinJcr  UiiolMiinbWHl.  hr  WM  ■ppOlBlcd  (.■iTcrnor  of  Martlnliuc.  lu  IkiiI,  h4>  wai  mndc  a 
lUnhAl  or  Finnic,  and  In  INI7,  a  Manfnl*.    Hr  <llr(1  In  VmU.  Slarali  .'k  \<*S. 

*Cuum  da  ForbMh,  Marqub  ilm  I M>ii  1-1*0111*.  (t'lirUiiaii.)  wai  bom  si  ]>ihx-I'adI«, 
Cwlobcr  W.  \'j-i.    Ilv  oomninnilcil  itit  n-riniDDt  IwarlnK  I>1>  niuM.  awl  rluUDtcuiihud  hlm- 

irir  Ol  VoifclirHII. 

roitnl  WlllUm  ila  limjil'iinl*,  aulhcv  of  "My  CuiupaiBnit  in  Ainprlm,"  va*  (Kirn  al 
l>nai('fonli,  Jun«  !•),  I'M.  Itr  wait  Ureili-iuuit-rirloiirl  ID  Ihr  mctmrnt  eomtnaiHltd  by 
Ula  lirullict.  lti*bratri7Bll1ir  d^iir  uf  Yorktown.  lunMcJi  lir  nai  trirunilril,  vnunarmlr 
wmroendMl  by  lh<!  Baran  VluaiMuII.  I'ur  hl>  fallantrr  on  Ibla  oonailan  lie  «•*  niadtt  a 
CteTBlUr  of  the  Kmiary  Urdrr  of  St.  UuIh. 

A  flill  bihI  an  Inkrnlliifr  acminil  uf  llic  l^nillt  of  llviix-r'inli.wrlllrii  li/  (tir  lluliunllilt 
SbmuvI  a.  tirnn,  M.  U..  will  bv  fvuml  In  tliv  InlrviJuL'tiuii  lu  liia  trantlallon  of  ■*  Uj  t  am- 
polciii  111  Anirrlcii."  lu  wliliili  Ihc  reader  It  rixTcrrvtl. 


436 


niTODE  I8I-AND  IN  TirE  TIEVOI-UTION. 


remnining  behind  wisbctl  him  "success  and  glory."  "That 
moniont."  he  records  in  his  journal,  "seemed  to  me  very 
sftcct,  and  WHS  very  elevating  to  the  soul  and  animutin*^  to 
the  cotiru^e.''  At  tiio  signal  of  six  shells  hred,  he  advanced 
in  perfect  silence  to  the  assault,  and  was  hailed  by  a  Ilcs- 
ifinn  sentinel  on  the  parapet,  who  cried  out  "  Wfr  da,"— "who 
goes  there?"  Js'o  answer  licin«r  given,  the  enemy  ojjeneJ 
tire,  and  the  contest  iwon  liceamo  sharp  and  decisive.  With 
the  shout  of  "  Vive  le  Hoi!  "  the  enemy  was  driven  from  the 
rcdmiht,  nnd  victory  crowned  the  bravery  of  the  assailants. 
Ill  this  assault,  the  French  lost  nearly  one  hundred  men, 
in  killed  and  wounded.  Of  the  former  wuh  Captain  M.  de 
Barthclot.  Of  the  latter  were  Captain  M.  do  Sircuil,  who 
had  his  leg  hroken  :  Lieutenant  M.  de  Sillegiie,  shot  through 
his  ihigh  ;  (he  i?ijevalier  de  Lameth,  who  received  ft  musket 
ImiII  in  each  knee  ;*  and  Count  Deux-Ponts,  who  was  struck 
in  the  face  hy  sand  mid  gravel  thrown  up  l)y  a  ball  wliich 
ricochettcd  in  tlic  parapet.  The  loss  of  the  eueuiy  waa 
eighteen  men  killed,  and  one  Captain,  two  subalterns  and 
forty-two  rank  and  tile  captured. 

Of  this  allair,  Count  Kochambeau  relates  the  following 
incident : 

"  I  iniiBt  hpro  mAke  mention  of  b  ctrcnmstAncfi  vrMcb  chamctcrixfis  ibe 
conrAZf  or  Hip  Kronch  grrtindlcrs.  Ttio  grenrifik'rs  of  Iho  ri-etnient  at 
Unllnais,  ivhk-li  had  bcou  formwl  «iil  of  Ihnl  of  Ativprsnc.  wore  lo  l*i«l 
the  atUM^k.  '\'\w.  monicnt  U  wa«  [l»:i<tc<]  I  ".lid  In  thvni,  '  i\x  fik-uds,  If  I 
xluHild  want  you  this  nlgtit,  1  Iiope  ymi  have  not  forgoltciL  thiit.  wr  hnv« 
Herveil  together  In  tlint  brnv«  rcuiinviit  of  AuvcriEne  "i'U"*  fm-Ac,"  an  Ihhh 
orubk'  uituic  wbk'b  it  has  ildH-Tvcd  (>ver!)tnrc  \is  crcullun  '  Tbvy  aimwercd 
that  If  I  would  promUe  tn  have  their  nititie  re-itonrd  to  Uictn,  they  would 
»iinVr  th4>m»«Ivtit  to  be  killed, —  ever  lo  tlic  liuit  man.  Tbr-y  k^i't  tlivir 
words,  charsed  like  lions,  and  hwl  oite'lblrd  of  tlieir  number. 


*"  llitlla  |ni»i-il  llirauflli  hiMi  of  111*  kiin-,,  Kiul  Iip  frit  lulu  llii-  iHlrli.  As  unok  a«  I 
InfiiriniHl  or  liU  wnnnit.  I  hiutviioil  in  my  frkii'1,  wlio  va*  cudvi^iihI  tn  thpflolil  liaii|iluJ. 
Till'  Sur|if>»n)  Itoil  Ju't  ilcclitrvi]  ilini  111"  \\(v  coulil  no)  im  mivpi]  wlilioiit  Ilip  miiiiwIhIIdii  of 
linlli  lliljili*.  'Ill''  l■^^^•l  fiurjti-nii.  II,  llnlillliiril.  rarlirr  I^tiiii  ri"1iir<^  M  I'limii  iiflliTf  wWi  |rii<i! 
(uc-li  vt''H\  li'i||><^  lo  «uch  B  iti-filiiiaMi'  i>ui>-,  n-lii»il  In  [irrfiinii  l)i<-  u|H'tull'<n,  aii'l  tiiiiiiivil 
to  tnjtt  l<i  tiklurv  tor  llii-  I'urr  or  midi  d&UKrmur  nouucU.  Tlii-  liipio'  rriult  AiIUIImI  hit 
•^IKciaUuiu  mnA  uut  liopc*."— ZJvmiu. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


437 


The  King,  on  the  rf>port  which  1  ninde  of  thii  airair,  signed  the  ordinance 
which  restorwl  to  Lhh  rcslnieiil  Uie  name  of  Hi'ifate  Aurfrijue."  "  /'nn 
jjfiMi-  f!ufffilF  Aurtrrtjnir"  wuit  Illtt  Mnj«?»ty'(i  ctitlontvinvnl  ujion  Hochnm- 
besH'«  pptillon. 

Before  the  Americnn  stoi-niiiig  party  moved,  Washington 
made  a  brief  addrt'sw,  adiuotiitihiiL^  the  lueu  to  act  the  part 
of  linii  ami  hnive  soldiers.  Hamilton,  who  led,  and  (iimnt, 
Laurens,  Unrl^or,  and  othci-s,  nho  lollowed,  showed  them- 
selved  equal  to  the  positions  assigned  them,  utid  l>y  Iheir  gal- 
lant conduct  drew  from  Washington  nnd  Lufayelie  strong 
oxpi-easions  of  approlmtiou.  The  awsiiult  made  ut  the  point 
of  the  bayonet  was  impetuous  nnd  of  short  duration.  The 
enemy  yielded  to  the  prowess  of  the  Americans,  and  ia  a 
few  minutes  llie  redoubt  was  in  (lietr  possession.  CoUmel 
(,'iinipbell,  the  British  commander,  wns  wounded  and  taken 
prisoner,  together  with  about  thirty  of  his  men.  The 
remiiinder  made  their  eseapc.  The  Americana  had  eight 
men  killed  and  thirty  wounded.  Among  the  latter  were 
Colonel  Gimat.  shot  in  the  foot,  Major  Oibbs,  and  three 
other  officers.* 

In  ]>ushiiig  thi!>  dangerous  work,  a  friendly  rivalry  appMra 
to  have  esiated  between  (Tenoral  Lafayette  and  the  Baron 
Viomesnil.as  to  which  should  aoonestwin  the  prize.  Imme- 
diately upon  the  triumph  of  the  former,  he  sent  his  aide. 
.Major  Harbour,  to  inforui  the  latter,  that  he  was  in  his 
redoubt,  and  to  aak  the  Baton  wliere  he  was.  The  Major 
found  him  at  the  abatis,  wailing  for  it  to  be  clcai-ed  away, — 
n  delay  that  was  the  oeca^ion  of  his  heavy  toss  in  killed  and 
wounded. 

In  reply  to  the  message  delivered  by  tho  Slajor,  the  Baron 
said,  "Tell  the  Manpiis  I  am  not  in  mine,  but  will  l>e  in  five 
liiinutes."     He  kept  bis  word. 


•Uonunil  l.inroln'a  iliiUlon.  trvm  wlikh  the  ^mfrlmit  "fcwiom  bopf*  "it**  dratm, 
c»iul>utl  of  the  Urol  rrKlinrnl  New  Tork,  Culnnrl  Goom  Vnn  ^ell«lck,  .iJS  miia;  mcomI 
frgiinrnl  ^rw  ^  orll,  i'lilijiii^l  rhll[|)  ^'Br)  CortlNlld.  3Xl  inrn:  HrM  »iiil  Mnmil  Tin*  Jvmif 
TvxIniifuU,  (iinltn],;)  Cvlonvl  Mathlai  (>plrn,  MO  mciil  vconcl  Kliod*  Idaiid  rvKlnwaO 
Lkauui  lit  <  Colour  I  Jrmmluli  Olnry,  tM  mea. 


438 


RHOnE   ISI-AND  IN  THE   IIBVOMITIOW. 


M'n»hin<^tou  was  so  deeply*  iiitorcsted  in  the  issue  of  these 
assHiiIts  that  he  could  not  ftirhenr  ownpring  ii  ])osition  where 
ho  could  witness  tliem.  At«;onipnni(*(l  hy  (lenomls  Knox, 
Lincohi,*  nnd  the'tr  iiidcs,  ho  st>leftu<i  n  spot  Utr  that  pur- 
pose, nnd  the  party  dismoiinted.  (.'oloiiel  (_'nbh,  nnxiotis  for 
the  safety  of  his  Gonernl,  said  to  him,  "  Sir,  yon  nre  too 
much  cxpnsoil  here,  had  you  not  hotter  stop  a  liltlo  bock?" 
"Colonel  Cohb,"  i-cplicd  His  Kxcellcncy,  ''if  you  tire  afraid, 
you  tiare  liherty  lo  step  back." 


UXJ(KI!AI.    brhK.IAlllS     Ll.\<.UI.!t. 


'Genoral  n»i^Binlii  I.lnniln  wa«  iKitn  In  HlnKtivDi  Sfai*-,  January  21,  inA,  kdJ  lM>ranH) 
il]*t1njritrti«d  In  ■HlimrTllfc  In&nonjtaxi-rnciil  In  Itt:  ht  rrdctTccln  (orvr*  wuond.rruni 
llianniM!l*ar«)1jli;l)  lir  unirr  rcc»vcrMl.  Wlillv  Iti  couinitiiiil  «K.'l>arlr<|i)i>,  In  anibnikp^ 
b^HMiltwIor  fbi«cuu(lur)*lrUtHT;4  lliituiii  null  li;  u  »lruii8  tvrt  iiikIit  AdnilntlArhulhiMM, 
MU)  WM  Minpell^d  lo  cftp'l'i'oi'^-  ''■''  ''***  '■"'  nlloMPit  tlie  flill  honon  or  wur.  An«r  l)rli( 
exchanged,  Iw  JuIupiI  Witnlilngtux.ainl  *1iar«tl  In  ilw  hcnion  i^f  Varkl»wu.  tlf  livM  i»i|M(r> 
mnt  d*U  vflhet,  t>«liii;  i^i-crdarr  of  U'nr  iimlvr  ^^'niblnffion,  Liruicnwit-t.im'iTkur  of  llw 
SUU  of  MuMdiusi-lT).  uiil  ri<llr«lnr  nf  [l>r  ]»irl  iiT  Hoito«.  lUnuil  UDiTcrflly  ooD- 
IVrrMl  upon  lilm  ilic  liiiiiariiry  ilrfrm  of  A.  W.  Vrnni  irUiu  Mair  W.  I;iti>,  tli«  ilat*  ot  hi* 
dcalli,  tic  ytut  I'rciMi'Ut  of  the  Ma>>a<:liii>cll>  ^tmrlcfr  of  Hie  Clnclniiutl.  He  «ai  an  r*ttT 
iiirmljcr  of  Itir  AmsriMn  AcBilcmjr  af  Aria  uiwl  Sdrncra.  and  Alio  a  mumbrr  afUic  MmM- 
rhii««ll>  lllitnrl«al  Moelety.  A  aiMnoIr  at  litnin»\  {.IiKtoln,  |iabllah«d  In  tli*  itihttl  rahune^ 
m^cooJ  ircrl^«,  of  f he  SeelMr't  colleellonf.  tnf*:  "  JnUcavnil  Lln(!oln*]<  vhaniiMiT.  alnngtb 


0T7R  FRENCH  AtXIEa. 


439 


"  ^Vhilc  the  nttackirfls  pi-ogrcssing,"  says  Dr.  Miinson,  "a 
musket  ball  rolled  along  n  cuniion,  nml  full  ai  Uie  feet  of 
Wa.«hiiifrtoii.  Gom'nil  Kiitix"  seized  him  liy  the  arm,  and 
exclaimed;  *My  dear  General,  n'e  can't  spare  you  yet  I' 
WaiiUin^ton  replied,  'It  is  a  spent  l»all,  and  no  harm  is 
done.'  When  it  was  all  over,  and  tlio  redouUts  were  in  the 
possession  of  the  two  parlies,  A\'aj*hington  turned  to  Knox  and 
said,  'The  work  U  done,  nnd  irtll  tlonf^*  and  then  exclaimed 
to  his  servant,  '  William,  hand  tnc  my  horse.'" 

With  the  capture  of  these  rudoul>t#,  wliieli  Mere  ut  once 
turned  npoii  the  enemy,  Washington  expi-essed  his  satisfac- 
tion in  a  congratulatory  order,  commendiug  in  waim  terms 
the  coudurl  of  the  Fretich  and  American  detachments. 

In  reenrtling  the  story  of  these  imporfant  achievements,  it 
should  not  be  forgotten  that  Uhode  Island  tins  an  unquestion- 
able right  to  share  with  the  French  allies  and  with  the  States 
of  Ma*9achiiseH.i,  Connecticut,  Xow  York  and  Penn«ylvauia, 
the  honors  of  the  memorable  14th  of  October,  17H1.  During 
the  entire  siege,  the  second  Khode  Island  continental  regt- 
ment,— the  old  regi- 
ment of  the  hravc 
Colonel  Israel  Angull, 

commanded    by    the    _  _^ 

no    less  hrave    Lieu-  yy^ 

teii»nt-Culoael    Jere- 
miah Oluey,  shared  with  these  regiment*!,  and  with  the  gal- 


W^ 


ftn<l  wniM'M,  tti»ir*tfniablc  aiiij  tliMimiiibl«quiillik>«wi>r<ibkt)pllyl)lrn(l(!d.  ...  He 
WM  nn»  In  h\*  \i  lirbllnii]  fnltli,  H-rlau>  iind  itrrnAtoBMe  bt  hi*  plrty,  «Uli<iut  «il]wnttll«li, 
IhaUlobnuT  imitrrlly.  lie  stom  (roni  tftriT  ;«•(•  n oooiuiiuilruit,  aud  (at  agrrat  fv\  of 
kit  UA.  a  deacon,  or  llir  i^lMirr.li." 

*0«uiral  llerirv  Knux.  ton  of  Wllllatnaud  5ta^  •'iiti<|ilirll  Knox,  itiu  Iwrn  In  DotWo. 
Ubm.,  July  *\  t:M  111-  irsiBblLJlirO  lilniNlr  »  n  bookwll«-  In  lil»  uarlve  towu,  auJ  .luoc 
W  irrj,  martini  hutj  ^'tiuLi-r.  Wf  ii(^i>in|ilbhr<l  .i-eoml  ilnLijtlilfr  of  Uit  Il4tnur«l>l« 
TboiMW  PlackFr.  Srvn-larriir  iIixCra liter  of  Mk»ur.litiwili>.  He  «»  ■■■  mlAt  iniliUry 
enilMtr  ind  urillkry  'iiBnT,  and  wiic  titKlilr  e'lceniwl  hy  WaMiliigtwi,  «lih  whom  Iw  »«• 
dlatrlf  lYinnitlfliliulnfitH-  Knoluliuu.  AiaOfm-ral  cirarllllcn.  tti-Mrviilat  Yotktown 
Wltli  g,r**X  ullltlriirf .  CuD|[n>«*  t>p)KiluU'd  tiioi  Swr»-I»r)r  <vl  Wur,  uiiiJ  aflM  rcltrlilf  ttam 
pulille  llCc,  >i^  ti-ill^d  on  a  UrK^  lamlinl  retail-  in  Jlatiits  wbi'rc  t)«  dlrci  uctobrr  'i:^,  IMM, 

tll^liljr  r*tc«itw<l  Flit  til,  liilt-llmrluiO  riiitoq ni''nt*,  lili  wrlal  iiUHllllr-t,  Bi»l  Ills  |i4ttl(>lle  M>r- 

tImi.  Ail  inicr«(tlt>g  Divinoir  or  (ivucrat  hiHtx,  nrlllrn  b;  rnuci*  ■■*■  Druke,  wa*  puli- 
Ualtnt  III  ItoilOK,  III  l^^l,- ■  doalraUii  boA  fur  aluilrnta  uf  Ibt-  AiMrtoaM  iUTOlnUoo. 


440 


ItHODE   TSTJtXD   IX  TIIE  REVOLCTIOS. 


lont  rcgimeiit:B  of  Virginiu,  Jfarylnnd  and  New  .lorscy.  Iho 
fHtigiios  and  chmgcrs  of  the  combined  iiriuy.  Wliou  tho 
Hssttiilt  upon  Iho  enemy's  redoubts,  N«s.  H  Jind  lit,  was 
duleriniDod  upon,  and  uji.-ii  ruliiilflt?  for  ihe  work  were  callfMl 
for»  Colonel  OIney  contributed  from  his  regiment  a  eom- 


IMiny,  vommnnded  by  Captnio  Stopbeii  Obiey,«n  nfficer  whoj 
]iad  arqiiired  un  honorable  reputation  for  bnivery  and  mil 
tary  a'^'Iity.  This  compimy  was  placed  in  the  van  of  the 
assaulling  piu-lVf  nn  part  of  a  battalion  led  by  ColoneKrimat. 
The  stoiy  of  its  servico  is  best  tub!  in  Capuin  Olney's  oi 
words: 


OUR    t^ttKNUH    AL1.IBS. 


•Ul 


"An«r  forming  otir  parallel  wlililn  ciiuuoii  nUot,  II  wa<i  ihou^hl  ni-cca- 
sarjrto  get  pns.<t«sitlOH  ot  tiro  of  tbc  tfiitmjr'tt  rtitonbU,  which  pmjcct«d 
rrom  T.lielr  mnin  work!*,  unci  were  slluatcd  vvli«re  It  wu  tliou'^ht  proper  to 
erect  our  »tcood  pamllul,  hi  nrdnr  to  \e\vl  the  war,  cut  i>lf  j>nU«>iHk-H,  and 
beat  down  nih'tr  ubsiructirms.  Our  BrliUcry  iva» briskly  Brrvnl  ihf  i;(tli  wf 
OctDbL-r:  on  die  lltlj  the  Marijiils  liuil  ortlcrs  to  xturm  ihe  redoubt  on  our 
rlifllt.  coinmaitded  byn  Brlllnh  .Majur,  whtlc  llic  Krviiuh  troupsntuclfvd  Llint 
oil  our  kit,  wlilch  was  of  pn-nier  force,  anil  Ui  tbi-ir  from.  Uiir  regiment 
of  light  tnfliiiLnr,  roirtitaiiited  b;  Ci>lon<;i  Ulntnt,  n  holct  rrenrhmnn,  was 
aelected  for  tbe  iis-.ikult.  and  >vu»  (laradcd  ju^t  anir  dajlif-ht,  in  front  of 
our  works.  GeiiernI  Wnxhinjitoii  iiiadi-  ii  iiburt  mldre*ii  or  liaranniie, 
ndiiioiiUhtnjt  iit>  to  act  the  pnrt  of-flnii  uiid  brave  i>utd1eni,  hUowId^  the 
itec'v»sUy  of  accuiiipllshltiK  the  oL>jcvl,  an  the  attack  uu  both  redoubts 
depended  on  mir  !<ii('ce9s.  1  tboui-ht^beii.  that  llin  Eicellvncy'^  knees 
rather  sbook.  but  i  Imve  miikl-  doubted  nbelher  It  was  not  DlIlH-. 

"The  cuttitiii)  nNircited  iii  HJ]cti(,-i',  uiUi  ^iiiia  iiidoadeO,  and  In  good 
order.  Muny,  tio  duubt,  tbliiklng  that  Iom  than  one  i|Uarter  of  ii  mile 
would  finish  llie  Journey  of  llf«  vrlih  tlieni-  On  the  niarcli  I  bad  a  chance 
lo  whitiper  to  set-cnl  of  my  iiicu,  (wlicitn  I  dunbled.)  'ihi)  tvld  them  that  I 
h'td  fail  CMiijitt'-nev  rh-it  thi"j  fniilil  nft  Ihf.  yitrl  ff  Vrwre  avMten,  Irt  nhal 
t'uulfl  ri>nir:  and  If  their  guii»  »boiild  Iw  shut  nway.  not  to  retri^t.  bat 
take  tbc  lirst  niun's  giin  that  lulgbi  be  hilled.  Wbeii  we  hud  got  utKiiil 
tuilf  way  to  the  retloubt  we  were  onlered  tu  halt,  and  deCBCli  one  man 
tram  each  toinpuuy  for  the  forlorn  Iiupi-,  My  men  nil  firemrd  n»dy  U>  go. 
The  orlmnij  then  moved  on;  six  or  eight  piuuvurs  in  front,  U9  many  of  tbe 
forl<jj-n  hupe  next,  then  Coloiiid  GImut,  wIlIi  aw  ur  bix  lolunlvviB  by  Ills 
Hide.  Ibcii  my  |jUitiH>ri,  being  the  front  of  the  cidiimn.  VVIieii  we  came 
near  thu  frant  of  tbe  abatb.  the  enemy  flred  u  HjII  volley  ormu-Hkctry.  At 
thISt  oiirmeii  bruke  !>HetK-i' mid  bn/./.Aed;  nnd  as  the  order  for  silence 
acemct)  brokm  by  every  one,  1  huxtaed  w  )th  nil  my  power,  xaylng.  !iee  how 
frtglitened  tbey  *ire,  they  (Ire  rltjlil  Into  tbe  tiir.  Tlir  pioncei-»  Iw-giin  to 
cut  off  the  abiuU.  which  "cre  the  triinhji  uf  trees  with  the  trunk  part 
Axed  iu  (tie  i^ronml.  the  ItmbM  inndc  shnrp  utiil  [loinled  <uwutd»  us.  This 
BocinctI  tedloiH  work.  In  thctliirk.  within  three  miU  of  theent^mr;  and  I 
ran  to  the  rlL;bt  tu  look  fur  a  place  to  crawl  through,  but  retiime^l  In  a 
hnrry,  without  MUeceHs.  fearing  llie  men  Would  get  through  tlr»t;  an  It  bap- 
peiietl,  I  made  out  to  get  through  about  tbe  Rrst.  and  entered  tbe  ditch,  and 
when  I  found  my  men  lu  the  ntJinber  of  ten  or  twelve  had  arrived.  1  «tepp«d 
(brongli  Let  neon  two  pnlhiidev,  i,oii(!  having  been  »bot  off  to  make  room,) 
on  to  the  parapet,  and  culled  nut  tn  a  tnne  oh  if  there  was  no  danger,  Cap- 
Uln  OIncy'H  company,  form  here :  On  this  1  hud  not  \cjiA  than  alx  or  eight 
bajoncta  pushed  at  me;  I  paiHed  ilh  ivell  ait  I  could  with  Diy  eapontOOD, 
but  they  broke  nil'  the  blade  part,  nud  their  hnyoneUi  olid  along  the  handle 
of  my  espoiilouu  and  svuled  my  lingers;  one  bayonet  pit-rced  my  thigh, 
another  bubhed  me  In  the  ubtlonu-n  Ju»l  above  the  hlp-bune.  Otie  fi;llvw 
dred  at  me,  unU  I  tliotigbl  the  bull  look  ell^ct  In  my  arm ;   by  the  light  of 


Ui 


RHODE  ISLASP  DC  THE  REVOLrTIOK. 


Ills  gua  I  made  a  tliruitt  wUli  lli«  remnlna  ot  my  espotoou,  ia  order  \o 
ii^urc  the  flight  of  bf«  vyw ;  btit  um  II  haplieiiH),  I  only  msdv  a  bnrd  alroke 
)ii  Ills  forobesd.  At  thU  Instant  two  or  mv  men,  John  Stmogv  and  Ben* 
Jnmlu  Bennett,  who  bad  loaded  lliuir  a^ti*  ntiUc  tJicy  were  ia  the  dltcb. 
cauic  up  nnd  flrad  upon  ti\p  ouemj-,  who  part  ran  away  and  aomt  aurren- 
dcrt'd:  sn  that  we  entered  ilii^  rfdonbt  wlthoot  nirther  oppoAlUon. 

"  My  scr^i-AQt.  EdMard  Ituttcrick,  to  whom  I  vtaa  mnch  Indebted  fttr 
hi*  bravery,  Itfl(K--d  iin>  nearly  all  IIiU  affray ;  ami  revolved  a  prick  of  the 
cnt-mj'N  b.-iyunpt.  In  4iU  »cumnch.  }*crt(vnnt  Ilroivn  was  iiIbo  In  lime,  bat 
attempting;  to  load  his  sun,  received  a  bayonet  wound  In  his  band.  Colo* 
ncl  Uimnt  wan  wuundi-d  with  u  musket  ball  in  thv  fboL,  about  the  drst  On 
of  ibi;  ciiomy ;  nnd  I  HUpposo  It  toott  all  the  vnluotcerB  to  carry  hlin  off,  as 
I  never  saw  any  of  Itiem  afterwards.  When  moot  of  the  regiment  had 
Itfit  Ititii  ihe  redoubt,  I  directed  them  to  form  In  order.  Miyor  WllUa'a 
poxt  buiiig  111  the  n^ar,  I  supposi-  be  xoi  Iti  about  the  time  I  was  carried 
away  wUli  [he  wuuudvil. 

■'.My  company,  which  coniilHteil  of  about  forty,  suffered  Ibe  most, 
(luast,  prohabtyj  ah  they  had  only  n?e  or  ilx  wounded,  al]  sItRhtly.  except 
Peter  BarrowK.  who  had  a  ball  pouit  through  the  niidcr  jnw;  I  hellere  we 
hnd  none  killed. 

"  The  French  ftuffered  moch  more  tlinn  we  <11d.  I  was  Informed  they 
hid  olghtven  kilU-d,  ami  wen;  halfiin  hour  before  they  look  the  redoubt, 
waititiK  with  the  cnluniu  exposed,  until  the  pioneers  completely  clfured 
awiiy  the  obstructions.  We  made  ont  to  crawl  through,  or  get  over  (^the 
abatis)  and  ttom  the  encmy'H  llr.il  tin-,  until  we  got  pottCMkW  of  Ui» 
redoubt,  I  think  did  not  exceed  ten  nilniitea. 

"  When  my  vvimnda  came  to  be  examined,  next  day.  thai  on  my  left  arm. 
which  gave  ine  most  pain  when  Inflicted,  was  turned  black  all  around, 
three  or  fiiur  inctiCM  in  tmgth ;  neither  tikin  nor  coat  broken.  The  stab  Id 
my  tliigli  WHS  tdight.  that  In  front,  near  my  hip.  was  judged  to  he  mortal, 
by  the  aorgeons.  as  a  III  lie  part  of  ibe  caul  protruded.  1  was  carried  to 
Ihv  liu^'pltal  at  WlUiaiasburg.  twelve  luUcf-,  Hud  In  about  three  weeks  tny 
wounds  h[?ak(l  and  I  joined  th<!  reElmenl.  The  man  who  drctl  on  me  was 
fir<>u(;hl  lo  the  Ii0(*pltnl;  I  examined  the  wound  I  had  Inflicted  with  the 
handle  of  my  cspontoon;  tt  had  not  Injured  h1>  ey«s.  biit  only  made  a 
deep  rVirrow  in  hi«  forehead;  I  >uki-<l  liirn  liow  It  happened  they contloned 
to  flght  at  the  place  I  entered,  when  most  of  them  on  thi-  right  had  run 
away.  This  1  hnd  discovered  by  the  lleht  of  his  Are.  He  said  be  tbougbt 
tliey  were  nil  nt  their  po^ls.  I  brliovo  they  were  alt  half  drunk;  In  this 
condition  the  British  qoldlers  generally  flght  We  hnd  not  been  In  the 
redotjbt  morp  than  Bve  minate*,  when  Ohiirlt*  M'.MTcrty,  an  Irishman,  and 
preleiided  Free  Mason,  got  out  a  bottle  of  wlue,  and  Invited  me  to  drink. 
Who  but  an  IrUh  or  an  CnclUliman  n-ouUi  have  tlicngKhl  of  huch  a  thing? 
It  reinlnde  uk  of  an  cxprcM^Ion  of  Shakeftpeai-e,  '  Uud  you  yuch  leUure  lo 
the  panzs  of  death?  * 
"  That  part  of  ihc  British  troops  who  ran  ont  of  the  redoubt  first,  niuat 


OUR  FRKNCH    ALLIES. 


443 


have  dlscQVcriHl  a  party  of  niira  on  Uielr  right;  1  priBuine  tint  1«1  by  Col- 
onel QlmaL  What  hpcamc  or  Ihem  I  rlid  not  know,  as  I  dlaeovcrod  Donr 
but  onr  pAHy  wlicu  I  fnrnicd  the  regiment  A  few  diiy*  oftiT.  I  Inquired 
of  <■  Holdicr  boH  It  ltai>peuMl  they  <)!il  tiot  g«t  int«>  tbe  rctloubt.  lie  said, 
'the  enemy  pricket!  tliem  olT  wllli  tlieir  boycnKfl».'  ThU  was  tbc  nost 
haKanlouH  cnlurpilse  that  ever  fell  to  my  lot.* 

'•  The  Dexi  day  after  sCornilug  the  reiloiibl,  Uie  >rnr»|Uls  Lal^yctto  com- 
pUiuentcd  the  n-gtinout  for  their  bruvery.  miO  »a^il  bv  vsaa  a^yrty  for  the 
ijiliirurtone  of  CaplAiiis  limit  mul  Olncy.  Caplntn  Hunt  wns  tii;xi  iu  raok 
to  ine,  and  brou^Eit  u[>  tbc  rear,  and  liApjicued  Ui  bit  liia  ankle  against  a 
bayonet  flxc<3  to  a  gun  lyliiR  on  tbe  (cround.  Some  of  my  brother  ofllcerfl 
informed  int-  of  this  urtlvr.  anil  tho  plncln;;  nT  oitr  tiatni^  contrnry  to  tbe 
uutfornt  csLablUhtd  prncltce,  anil  as  I  had  suSvred  flroni  tb«?  coviny's  ((niM 
In  front  of  battle,  they  consl(lcre<1  it  us  an  imposition.  I  was  iylnt;  Iu  niy 
t«n[,  very  Korc  and  lame,  but  tbl.«  lntelllf;enc«  Dc-arly  ctcprived  mi>  of  thu 
senac  of  piiiii.  I  ivnjlc  to  Ibr  M>ir[|uli>  to  know  how  it  liappenctl  he  men- 
Iluiwd  tbf  vvonntlfd  oillci^rB  In  that  order.  Hw,  by  tftter,  InfoniMsl  tnr-  he 
mentioned  them  in  the  order  tht;  AdJiitniU  had  slvcii  them  to  him." 

I.Ar«VKTTK    111    CaFTjIIV    OI.NRV, 

"My  Dr*k  Sir:  — I  vras  moch  employed  ycAtcrdny  iu  rccclvlni^  l-hti 
British  army,  ami  am  no  mnch  «n  at.  tliix  lime  in  writing  dt^npatches  for 
Friinci\  that  I  am  prevented  fi'oni  writing  you  n  long  letter.  I  mentioned 
the  names  of  the  wounded  olllcein  In  the  division  orders  as  ibey  were 
liiveii  lo  HIP  by  the  Rpl;:ndlt;r.  In  my  report  to  tbe  Gcuernl.  Iu  parllcnUr 
1  mentioned  your  nuin>;.  and  I  make  no  dotibt  but  It  will  he  lucnlloned  Ut 
Congress  In  the  hlght.-.st  ternifl.  I  have  the  highest  regard  for  your  gal- 
lantry on  the  ucL'iwlon,  and  tiliall  be  alwuyM  happy  to  render  yon  my  Bcr- 
vICM,  and  a  testimony  to  tb«  merit  you  are  so  Justly  entltlixl  to. 
'*  I  have  tbe  honor  to  be 

"  Your  most  obt  humble  servt., 


'*  Head-Qnarters.  Vorktown, 

"Oclobvr  18,  178]. 

Cuptniu  Oloey  i>roceed3 : 

■*  I  Inquired  of  the  Adjuiaiit,  who  was  a  Lifutcnant   In  Captain  ilnnt'-i 


■"CaplalnUiDoy,  mtImi  oomiuanittMl  tt)^  flrH  plnluou  uf  GlnuU'a  IwtUIloa,  li  Tnltllcd  Iu 
peeutlkr  apiitRuw.'.     He  t«l  hb  placuuii  Into  ibc  nurk  wlUi  cscmpJarf  tntnplilllj,  and 


444 


RHOPR  ISLAND  IN  TBJ:  BEVOI.UTIOX. 


company.     Mr  OrnU-«t  niiNplnciiiij  our  nnittCH,  bill  I  ulinll  nlwvys  tMak.  lie 
did,  either  bj  miittake  or  dcHl^i. 

"A  ditroi' tvrA  niter,  Colont'l  tSlmBl  tojd  me  the  Marcjiila  WMverysony 
A>r  the  mlsUtke.  nnd  directed  liini  to  liirorm  mi*  bo  wonld  hmio  nny  Ardcr 
I  might  thinic  proper,  to  ffive  NUtlHrnetUm.  1  could  onljr  sMy,  lel  It  go.  the 
day  ix  pfuiL" 


Cnptaii)  Oliiuy's  cuiiipiLnv,  in  177ii,  wits  h  part  uf  the 
originul  ui-gutiization  uf  tlie  t<ecan(l  Khodc  Ishind  regimont. 
The  comiMiny  then  ajiiipriseci  thirty-three  men,  exclusive  of 


'^^ 


Thk  Olxicv  Homkdtrao,  XtMini  Proviokuck.* 


commissioned  ottH-ci-s.     The  entire  number  in  the  compiny 

engaged  in  the  siege  tuunot,  with  fiIi[*<i]uto  rertiiinty,  !)e 
stated,  ait  the  nuititet'  roll  apjieitrs  to  hnve  liccn  Wt ;  but  the 
following  (Jiirty-nine  n»ino!>  wre  jircsorved,  signed  to  5 
receipt  for  pnymcnt  of  dcprooiation  in  then*  wngcs,  onc- 
(jiiitrlvr  pHrl  of  whieh  they  ncknonledge  to  liiiv<^  roccived. 
The  i-ecpipt  i»  Hated  at  Mnlvcrn  Hill.  Va.,  .luty  M,  17Hl.f 


■Tlie  liouw  rcfrru^iilrtl  bv  llil*  ■'nRrarliiii  Mt  Urttg  »go\nloiie<!»f,  and  wiw  tnkcn  down. 
II  fyoialMl  Ihe  aoiitli.  and  lind  i>  iu gc.  ttaat  dilninrjr  am  llir  wrst  rtid. 
f  Lint  of  CUplatn  SIrithefi  Olnvf.  hj  Mr*.  tVtlmrliir  II.  WIHIbmi*,  pp.  1S».  IW. 


OUR   FRENCH  ALLIES.  '  445 


List  of  Namkh  in  Captain  Stri'Hks  Olnky's  CoMrAxy, 

B   L.  Peckham,  Lieutenant,  (\v)  Edward  Butterick,  Sergeant, 

Joseph  Wheatou,  Lieiifenant.  Hosca  Crsndall,  Sergeant, 

Thomas  T.  Brown,  Serijfanl.  (w)  Bcnjamta  Bickford,  Sergeant, 

Arthur  ClosHcn,  CoriHjraL  Nathan  West,  Fifer. 

I'rtvalea. 

Edward  Chuniplahi,         John  Saunders,  .Joshua  Smith, 

Joseph  roniidori,  John  Thomas,  Itenjamin  Bluncliard, 

.lohn  Rhodes,  Jolham  Beniil.i,  John  Chilson, 

Sylvester  U'oodman,       John  Chadwlck,  Wllltam  Bennet, 

Southcote  Langworthy,  Fniinln  Dye,  David  Edwards, 

Zebuloii  Screvens,  (w)    Durfoy  Springer,  (,'harlea  M'Afferty, 

Samuel  Tliompson,  John  Kiitidall,  Bcujiimin  Jackson, 

Abraliam  Rosu,  of  N.  II.  Peter  Barrows,  Benjamin  Bennet, 

Jaines  Ogg,  Franklin  Tenant,  Mathew  Hart, 

jHines  I'oliard,  Uriah  Jones,  Sftmuel  Gear. 

John  Strange, 
Total,  ;il). 

N.  B. — Those  with  a  (w)  xct  ngaiuMt  tlielr  names  were  wounded  at 
Yorktowii,  October  14,  17«l. 

Atlcst  to  the  above, 

B.  L.  Pkckham,  Lii-iUenanf. 

Of  the  orij^inal  coiiii)aiiy,  enlisted  in  177!l,  only  five  of  the 
men  wei-e  witli  Ciiptain  Olncy  jit  Yorktown,  viz.,  Edward 
IJuttei'it'k,  John  Chilson,  Edward  Champhiin,  Soiithcote 
Lan^worthy  mid  Charles  .M'Affert^'. 

To  stop  here  wcmld  leave  the  story  of  the  regiment,  so 
nobly  represented  hy  Captain  Oljiey  and  his  "forlorn  hope," 
incomplete.  Identified  as  the  services  of  the  regiment  at 
the  siege  were  with  the  skill  and  bravery  of  its  commander, 
authorizes  the  following  brief 

SKETrn     OF    COLONEL   JEnEMIAH    OI.XEV. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  .leremiah  ( )lney,  commander  of  the 
Second  Khode  Island  Continental  Regiment,  son  of  Joseph* 

■Mr.  JuacpliOlncy  wait  dpM-cndeil  from  Tlioiiik^Olnej'.one  ot  the  Ckrlj  irltleri  of  Provl- 
drnce.     EIi»(li-i<CGDI  \»  tliroiigli  the  line  of  KptnettttOliic]',  axraTidH'iii  of  Tliomat.    Joh^Ii 


44  ({ 


RHODE   ISLAND  IS  THE  REVOLUTIOX. 


and  Elizabeth  Mawney  OIncy,  uaa  born  in  Providence,  R.  I., 
XovemUer  26th,  old  style,  or  Decemfwr  7th,  new  style, 
174U.  Of  his  early  life,  but  few  trudltions  have  been  pre- 
servod.  Kis  ethicntion  Hppears  to  have  i-eceived  careful 
attention,  and  sncl^  .iilvitntjif^cs  for  intcllecuirtl  onlture  ns  iho 
sehoolt)  of  Ihe  town  then  iit!nrdcd,  seem  to  have  been  secured 
for  him.  lie  evidently  possessed  an  enerjretie  niitiire  Jind 
an  independent  spitit.  AVheu  he  i-eaehed  his  majority,  the 
signs  of  an  uppionching'  stnigj^rle  with  the  mother  country 
were  visilde,  and  be  did  not  hesitate  a  moment  to  cast  in 
his  lot  with  the  "pons  a(  liberty,"  to  vvi^ht  tyranny,  and  to 
throw  otr  the  y{iku  of  bondago.  lie  must  soon  have  Ijtkcri 
rank  with  influential  contempi>raneH,  a«,  in  1774,  at  ibe  age 
of  twenty-five  yciiiv,  he  was  appointed  by  the  tJenenil 
Assembly  one  of  the  mnniigcrs  of  n  lottery  ^mnted  tn  .Icrc- 
miah  HtJpkins,  of  Coventry,  for  the  piirjiose  of  mitiinp  two 
hundred  dollai's  to  enable  him  to  procure  "  tools  and  insthi- 
ntents  "  necessary  to  earry  on  the  manufnctui'e  of  fii"e-!inns. 
On  the  tirst  overt  art  of  the  liritit^h,  at  Lexington  and 
Concord,  the  patriotic  blnod  of  Mr.  OInoy  nise  to  fever 
heat,  and  in  May,  I77j,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as 
Captain  of  a  company  in  Colonel  Daniel  iliteheock's  regi- 
ment of  the  "Army  of  Observation,"  Levi  Tower  \yemg  Inn 
Lieutetmnt,  and  Xiithaniel  Field,  his  Knsign.  In  March, 
177(1,  liis  company  tTomprlsed  seventy-six  oliicers,  non-com- 
missioned otficcTs  and  privates.  The  names  are  here  given 
as  worthy  to  be  associated  in  memory  with  the  Kentish 
Guards,  and  with  others  who  promptly  obeyed  their  coun- 
try's call. 


wu  A  Mg\\tj  mpeefKtiW  clIli^D  of  Proiiilciicr,  and  lirfit,  an  OlnfT  iireet,  Mftr  2C«lll 
KhIii  (Irevt.K  iMpulur  hoLitr  i>r  (iilrrtalnniPiii.  Thehouicwa*  Ion  atiiiMiHl slid iB  DM' 
tona  of  m  I..  Id  ihc  nortiicMl  oorni-r  of  ihc  ^artl  flood  Mi«lmira«,  of  luaimiaKBt  pra- 
patli-ana.  in  Ibv  branohM  of  itlikli  ititi-  |ilnn->t  irabi  ■iiDldcnl  (a  ar,:.iiiiiiio>lnlc  Irn  or 
ttrclvr  pcnoiH.  Thi>>«  nvrc  rracliHl  by  ■  lltHhl  of  *I*]M.  H»n>,  pT<>liilii>-n[  Kml)mi»ii  at 
the  t«wn  rrviiirntir  M*c«ibl«^  to  illteua  public  niniin.  sdiI  hcIaIIj  ti>  rrfM>«li  Ihi'iiitclTw 
wlltj  Ihelr  hvorile  liercra^e—  punch.  Tliln  Itrr  •»•  (teillntml.  In  KiW,  iriili  intfiirMKi- 
carrmnnW,  In  ttberty  hj  Hid  ■■  mhii  at  MbprCy,"  on  wtalcb  OmmIdd  k  pairtiitic  aralloii  <■•* 
dttllvcivd  rrvgn  ii*  blffti  plUftmn  Xty  Him*  l>awii«r.  Tli«  araitoa  tru  priaicil.  Tlunccfor- 
ward  tbc  Ircr  WM  knotm  u  "  Tlit  l.lbt-rfy  yrce-"  , 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


447 


List  of  CArTAiN  Jkhrmiaii  Oi.ney's  Comp.isy,  March,  1776. 


Jeremiah  Olney,  Captain, 
Jno.  Wyman,  lit  IJeutemmt. 
William  Blodget,  2d  LieuteniHl, 
.loliu  Arnistroii;;,  Knxi'jn, 
Oliver  Jenclts,  Sergmnt, 
SaiDUei  Armstrong,  Strgeanf, 
John  Harris,  Seryeunt, 


Jededluh  Busa,  Sergeant, 
Beojamln  Fensc,  Corporal, 
Stakely  Thornton,  Corpdral, 
Joseph  Mesury,  Corporal, 
John  Porter,  Corporal, 
Francis  Haynea,  Ih'umm^, 
William  Blyth,  Fifer, 


Jno.  Booth, 
.Toseph  Angell, 
George  King, 
Icbabod  Richmond, 
Obadiah  Bridges, 
Edward  Bennett, 
Nathan  White,- 
Samuel  Eldridge, 
WiHium  Jeffers, 
Oliver  Tew, 
Phillip  Morris, 
Edward  Tew, 
Ebenezcr  Moore», 
Joseph  Bosworth, 
Joseph  Bilker, 
William  King, 
Eleazer  Clarke, 
James  White, 


PritateBi 


John  VIbert, 
Benjamin  Eptom, 
Ichabod  Comstock, 
Jonathan  Cooke, 
Nath'l  Hearthan, 
John  Townsend, 
George  Richardson, 
Ketlre  Whlttemore, 
Samnel  Oakman, 
James  Hall, 
Joseph  West, 
John  Pierce, 
John  Barrett, 
I>anlel  Fry, 
William  Vibert, 
John  Bishop, 
Daniel  Williams, 
Daniel  Delano, 


BeDj'n  Webb, 
John  Young, 
John  Foot, 
■Toseph  Gardner, 
James  Lepthom, 
Thomas  Tlllem, 
Samnel  Coiley, 
John  Melzard, 
Manuel  Knight, 
John  English, 
Thomas  Melzard, 
Hoses  Marsy, 
Asa  Farrar, 
Samuel  Ayers, 
David  Morse, 
George  Pike, 
Richard  Pettlduck, 


In  October,  1776,  he  was  chosen  by  the  General  Assem- 
bly Captain  to  serve  in  the  second  continental  battalion, 
raised  by  the  State,  agreeably  to  the  requisition  of  Con- 
gress. In  February,  1777,  he  was  chosen  Lieutenant-Colo- 
nel of  the  same.  Of  this  battalion  Israel  Angcll  was  chosen 
Colonel ;  Simeon  Thayer,  Major ;  David  Dexter,  Christo- 
pher Dyer,  Stephen  Olney,  William  Allen  and  William  Pot- 
ter, Captains. 

Congress,  in  the  beginning  of  the  year  (January  5th) 
1778  uonfencd  upon  him  the  commission  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  in  the  Kliode  Island  regiment,  commanded  by  Col- 


448 


KHOUE  ISLAND   IN   THE   ItEVOLUTION. 


ooel  Israel  Angell.  wUieh  was  "  niised  for  the  defeuce  of 
Attierimn  Lilierty,"  the  rauk  (luting  hnck  to  January  13, 
1777.  The  other  (.oimDissiuiiCil  ofticera  of  the  i-egimcnt 
were  Simeon  Thayer,  .Major;  SnmiK'l  Teiiiioy,  Surgeon; 
Elias  Conielius,  Sui-geon's  Mute;  ^Vllliiim  Tew,  <_'og^»)ha]l 
Olney,  StvpUeii  Oltiey,  WJIliaui  Allen,  TIiuiiiub  lliiglie^  aud 
William  I[iin>pUroy,  (']i|>l]iiriN  ;  Willlaiii  I,ittli>tield,  Cupluin- 
Licutenant ;  Tliomiiit  Wiucnniin,  Adjuliini  luid  Lioiileiiunt; 
Dutee  'lernidd.  K))eiie/.er  MiK-uiiil)er,  l>Bvid  Snyks,  Benja- 
min I..  I'ecklimii,  niivcr  JeiK-keB,  John  lluljiwrl  and  Jo-^ph 
AVheatoii,  LiL'Ulunaiilt :  .lolin  Morley  (iieene,  Joseph  Mas- 
ury,  John  Kogei-K,  Williuui  I'mtt  and  .Jei-umitth  Greeumaiii 
Ensigns. 

In  the  same  year,  n»7S,)  Li«iUeiuiiit -Colonel  Olney  was 
engaged  wilU  (_'olonel  Chii^topher  tJi-eenc  and  JIujor  Elwii- 
ezcr  FIdgg,  in  rccntititig  men  to  complete  the  Ithi^de  Island 
<|Uota.  A  result  uf  thoir  ellurU  ivas  the  formation  of  the 
somewhat  celebratt'd  hiittnlion  (fiituiotimo!*  chIIc<1  rogimcnt) 
of  hlatk.-",  of  which  he  was  made  second  in  command  imder 
Cotonel  Greene. 

In  his  military  career  Lieutenant-Colonel  Olney  is  first 
found  aj)  Captain  of  n^'ompauy,  at  Froitpect  Hill,  near  Cam- 
bridge, Mnti!).,  and  sU  Hunker's  Hill,  where  Putnam,  Pres- 
cott  and  Warren,  with  their  brave  rank  and  file,  gsive  the 
British  so  warm  u  roecpliuu.  Subsequently  he  is  seen  at 
Harlem  HeighU,  at  White  Plains,  at  'rrontori,  at  Princeton, 
where  he  assisted  in  rallying  a  demora-Iized  body  of  Penn- 
sylvania mililia,  at  Brandyw*ine,  at  Kcd  Itunk,  where  he  dis- 
played unflinirhing  bravcrj',  and  made  the  memorable  x*eply 
to  the  Briticih  oflicer  mIio,  Ihrealuning  to  give  no  quarters, 
demanded  a  surrender, — '*We  shall  not  ask  for,  nor  oxjiect 
any  quarter,  but  we  mean  to  defend  this  fort  to  the  last 
extremity," — at  Monmouth,  at  Khude  Ishind,  (in  August, 
1778,)  at  Springfield,  where  forty  out  of  one  hundre<l  and 
sixty  men  whom  he  led  into  the  battle,  were  either  killed  or 


UHOI>E   ISLAND  IS  THE  KEVOI.rTION. 

Tooke ;  but  this  new  <l(>nie«itic  relntiou  did  uot  clvUin  \%\m 
long  fmui  Iii'k  miltljiry  diilies.  In  May,  17x1.  he  was  with 
his  regiment  near  the  Croton  livc-r.  After  the  murder  of 
Colonel  Christopher  Greene  and  of  Major  Flafj;ji:  he  becamt', 
by  fommisRinn,  LiiMiten:u:it-Co1one1  ( 'oiiiinandHnt  of  the 
rc^mcnt.  These  dcatlui  rendered  Mveral  promotions  neces- 
sary, and  ()ti  ItiK  ret'ornnicndution  to  Oo^emor  (ii^ecne,  the 
General  AsHcnilily,  at  its  Aii^rust  session,  voted,  after  fniit> 
Icsa  objections  by  Commodore  EUek  Hopkins  and  others, 
"that  t 'ojipofihall  Olney  he  first  Major;  John  S.  Dexter, 
hccnnd  Major;  Daiiit'l  S.  Dexter  and  DnteeJeran  Id,  Captains  ; 
and  rlereiniah  (treenmnn  atxl  >Vtlliani  Pratt,  Lieutenants,  to 
take  rank  from  the  I4th  of  May;  and  ihnt  Kcu(*cn  ,Iohn»on 
lie  Knsign  of  the  .Hiitne  ImttalioD.  to  take  rank  I'rom  his 
uppoiutinent."" 

While  still  in  eainp  in  the  State  of  New  Vork  he  received 
the  following  letter  fi-oni  Lieutenant-Governor  tlaliej:  Boweo  ; 

"  I'HUViiiKNrK,  ,foly  Irt,  ITSl- 
**  1>KAU  Km  -.—By  itie  henrer  jOD  will  recolve  the  tenbi  tbr  your  regl- 
Btoatitutl  liu[K'  thvy  will  prnrc  to  ynnr  llkliiK-  An  the  nrtuy  mtiiti  bv  short 
of  crcry'thlDg.  Khonld  thlitk  It  t)e.sL  to  renerrc  »  ntimbef  of  tlie  best  of  tfac 
oil]  i«iiM,  whtcli.  logtrihcr  n-iib  the  new  ones,  msy  tu^  «iiincl«ai  to  Kccoin- 
niodate  yotir  mou,  ai)ri  deliver  the  reiiialndnr  of  the  oUI  ancn  fo  thv  Qo&r- 
tcrtnnNtfr-Gtnii-rnl. 

'•  Viti]  will  nlHo  r«c«lvc  a  Itognlieait  of  tr>o«l  Went  India  ruin,  tor  the  tuc 
of  tlie  unT<:er«  of  the  n-tfinicot,  vrlitrit  yon  mIII  dlfltribiiic  a»  *1iaU  l>e 
thoujtbt  hcr.1.  Stiall  he  ctad  uf  ii  lino,  rnmi  ilniu  lo  tlinv.  Ictilotc  m  know 
the  stale  of  thu  n-glm<Mit,  nml  cIk'  things  that  majr  ha  nace^xtiTy  to  make 
yoa  comfbrtablc.  Vou  will  alio  give  mo  a  hUtorlcAl  Account  of  the  move- 
oie&u  of  ihc  amiy,  should  jruu  harv  luUuru, 

"  H'lnhlDg  yon  and  all  thi'  oOlccra  health  ami  ag^torlouti  cumpnlgn,  I 
remain,  Dear  Sir, 

"  Voiir  tVlend  and  moxt  hamblc  ••I'rvant, 


•it.i.('tti.UM'.,ix.,in>. 


OUR   PRENl'n  ALLIES. 


451 


la  January,  1J«2,  he  received  from  llie  Stflto  ti-easiiry 
£1,1)39  1'iM  i)il  "for  one  month's  pay  of  bis  Imttnlion,"  nml 
in  June  of  the  same  your  £7  3x  itl  for  expe^sc^  im-uri'c<)  in 
arrestinjr  ilcsertcrs.  In  Xovcmlicr  he  iniiili-  n  re|)<iit  lo  tho 
Genei'tt]  Assembly  rchilivp  to  the  (Icprci-iiitioii  inoney  liiiP  tn 
thirteen  noii-coiuiiii»siunt'<l  otKuei-etiuU  privates  of  the  Hhode 
Island  conthioiitnl  rt'jrinn-nt,  shftwinj:  ihtit  £472  K«  Sif  were 
due  them:  whereii[>oii  ihc-  Goncnd  Assemhly  H|i|j<iiiited  a 
L-ommitlee  to  Hut  oil'  timl  a^si^^n  lu  the  »Hi<t  perKon^  eome  con- 
tiseatcd  entittc.  equal  in  viiliie  to  the  sum  <hie  thoni.  Other 
opportunities  uere  impnived  hy  him  to  iiid  those  who  had 
BJicriliced  mut-h  and  received  liUh*. 

When  r^it'Utcniinl-C'olonel  OIncy  suwceded  to  tho  com- 
mand of  the  reg^imont  whieh  he  led  to  Vorktown,  it  i»  «flid 
that  he  declined  to  reeeive  ii  commission  as  Colonol.  on  the 
gToiiiid  (li:il,  in  ihe  event  of  hi*  being  tnken  prisoner,  ho 
could  not  so  easily  obtain  an  early  oxdiangro.*  This  pnicti- 
cal  view  vviis  held  lo  he  valid,  and  was  not  peruiillod  to 
interfere  »ilh  liis  exen-tse  of  the  hij^host  regimental  author- 
ity. The  winter  following  the  fall  of  Yorktown  he  Mpcnt  in 
Rlifxte  Is1an<l,  niising  men,  and  in  June,  I7S3,  he  iva.«  again 
in  the  field,  lie  uiareho<!  hi*,  rejriiiioni  lo  SaniUipi,  where 
it  (iitssed  Ihe  winter  of  17.Si?-,S.  While  here,  tlio  nej^nws  in 
his  command  were  dvl-ailed  lo  join  the  expedition  under 
General  Sullivan  against  Oewegfl — nn  expedition  that 
eaused  them-  ^nn(■ll  surterinif.  Ry  tl"*  ordei-  of  Mnjor-ticu- 
eral  Lord  Stirlinj;.  a  L-ouipnny  ]>laeed  under  the  t-ommnnd  of 
Oiptain  Klienezer  Mtteomher  was  detached  from  the  ri'giment 
and  sent  to  the  "New  llampehire  Grants,"  f<n-  (he  pnrpoM- 
of  arresting  two  eitixens  i-harged  with  holding  nidiiwful  eor- 
respnndenoe  with  the  enenu'.  The  expedition  failed  of  siie- 
cess,  118  the  men  had  esf:i|)e<l  iHjforo  its  airival. 


■ARrr  llir  dratli  of  I'olourl  ClirivtoplH-r  Um-nr,  llir  llrri  Hiid  w«<Mid  IChiulc  IsImkI  tnMU 
nrnlBl  rvfloiunia  wrro  caiiaollilnlnl.  Till*  led  l»  tti*  idlrainDnl  of  rolanpl  Imrl  A(is*lt. 
wlio.  In  dile  Of  com  miff  Ion.  wat  Junior  lu  1  olotu'l  <iTr«>iip,  anrl  LlMtinititl-roloiii'l  niiiry 
MiMvnM  thr  latt«T  In  iiii»i>iaiid,— ^nJf.  j>,  tSti. 


45S 


RHODE  ISLAKD  IN  THE  REVOLUTIOy. 


TLe  regiment  reuinined  nt  Saratoga  until  June  13,  1783, 
when,  no  fiirthor  Ki^rvire  being'  rc()uireil,  it  wa8  disbnndcd, 
nnd  Lion  Ion  ant-('oI  one]  OIney  retiinK^d  t<»  Providence,  and 
laying  aside  the  sword  he  bud  carried  with  honor,  ho  once 
mnrt^  liecnme  »  private  i-itizeii.  In  pjirling  with  the  men  hfi 
had  led  on  hflrd-foughl  Held*,  he  issued  an  order  commend- 
ing "their  vHhir  and  good  trondiict  displayed  on  every  ocai- 
eion  when  rtilied  to  face  the  enemv  in  the  Held,"  and  "their 
prompt  obedience  to  order  and  discipline  through  every 
stage  of  seiTice."  He  assured  the  officers  and  men  that  it 
gave  him  pniu  to  see  thoiu  "retire  from  the  Held  without 
receiving  any  pay.  or  even  their  aceounfjj  sellled  and  the  bal- 
nnces  due  ascertained,'*  btit  exj>reMcd  a  hope  that  "  Congress 
Or  the  State  would  make  provision  shortly  for  paying  some 
money  on  account,  and  give  good  aeciiritios  on  interest  for 
the  balance*  dno  each  individual."  After  having  proffered 
his  scrvic<>s,  whi^ntrvcr  in  the  future  ho  could  he  useful  to 
them,  he  closed  with  a  few  kindly  words  to  those  officers  and 
men  who  had  »  longer  time  to  ntrvt  in  the  field.  Four 
months  after  his  retirement  to  private  life.  October  10, 1783, 
he  Wits  brevctted  a  Colonel  in  the  :iTmy  of  the  United 
States,  and  four  months  later,  February  10.  1784,  there  was 
conferred  on  him  the  rank  of  Colonel  in  the  army  of  the 
Uniled  States,  hi  command  of  the  Khode  Island  regiment, 
to  take  eflect  from  May  14.  17N1.  Both  of  those  honors 
were  gratifying  recognitions  of  nioritorinus  iwrviccs. 

The  two  standards  of  the  consolidated  first  and  second 
Rhodelslarid  eontinontnl  reginientii  were  presei-vcd  by  <  'olonel 
OIney,  and  on  the  ?8th  of  Febnniry,  17^4,  were  surrendered 
by  him  to  the  Uencral  Assembly,  in  behalf  of  the  officei'sof  the 
line,  "upon  exchanging  their  rnililnry  employ  meiil  fur  I  he  rank 
of  citizeni*."  Governoi'  )\'illiam  (ireene  and  Sjieaker  Wil- 
liam Itradford  were  apjiointed  lr>  return,  in  the  name  of  the 
General  Assembly,  a  suitable  answer  to  the  coraniunication 
received  t'rum  the  Colonel.  Thi»  they  did.  assuring  him  and 
his  associates  that  they  were  happy  in  receiving  the  stand- 


orn  FRExcn  allies. 


45S 


ards,  nncl  ihal  they  wfiuld  "cnrefiilly  preserve  the  same,  (o 
commemorate  the  ncliiovements  of  so  brave  a  corps."  Both 
of  thcBo  Rtandnrds  niiiy  now  bo  seen  in  tho  State  Senate 
Chjimlior  in  Pntviclent-e.  wliere  tliey  nre  grouped  with  tho 
Rhodft  Isliind  regimental  fliigj*  nf  the  war  of  lJ50i-G5,  in  a 
case  protected  by  gliias  doors,  thcrts  to  rcmnin  "under  tho 
immedtiito  ejire  of  His  ExccIIcnfy  the  Governor  for  the  time 
being."  The  stjimiard  that  beloiifred  lo  the  regiment  of 
Colonel  Israel  .■\n<fid],"  ttcfore  tho  consolidation,  bears  a 
legend,  as  appears  in  the  accompanying  engraving. 


SEi 


K' 


.01^1 


% 


tG\ 


[SLA  VD 


i^^w 


Considering  the  hard  usage  which  Ihey  experienced,  oa 
the  march  and  on  tho  6cld,  and  the  effects  of  the  atmosphere 


*Colonel  linirl  Anjcvlt,  K>u  ot  01l>Fr  anil  NaumB  f^Billli)  AukfU.  irai  boin  in  NuTt}i 
rro*l>lFiir«,  R.  1.,  AuKiuI  -M,  1>  lu,  auil  dli-U  In  Jobntluo.  U.  I .  M«}-  i.  IM^  at  ib«  tut  «r 
atM\j  nliirij-.aiiF  yi-ard,  lie  ■>«■  lhrr«'  lltar*  martlrd,  und  km  llii*  nilhcf  af  im-iilrrn 
elilldrva.  ]|e  FsHr  enlPivd  llic  »«);  of  llv  Roioluiloa,  and  ■prvrilwlth  gtfBl  rfflclrtiFy 
until  bU  n'Klnirin  wo*  «•uto|ldal^(l  trlih  ihr  rrrltnent  comtDMidcd  tj  c;o)oii<I  Clirt>ru|iber 
OMvnr,  wlirn,  on  arcnunt  of  Ii1>  Jtinlnr  poiltiun,  lip  wn*  ■MMvvMrllf  rrllrrd.  Hi*  gal'lant 
eondiiei  at  Si>rUijifl<'1'l.  .Tiinr  Z\,  I7m»,  iLr^n  fH>iil  WMlilngioD  liiv  viMririval  approbailDn.  Ilk 
rMojtnlllonoriilii  braver*  &□<)  niUJiarr  ttrrlwA  ti6  n-M-U'cd  iwu  fxAC  owKlali,— on*  ftotn 

Wii*)iliigr>in  (tiiil  llir  olhi't  traut  Ijifafctlc. 


4.U 


RHODE  ISLAND   IN   THE  REVOI.CTION. 


upim  them  for  b  hundred  years,  (bey  &ve  in  a  better  state  of 
proeervstion  tbau  could  have  IreoD  expected.  With  the  core 
Ihoy  will  horenfli'i-  rei-eivc  an  invaluable  rfVivn  nf  the  war  of 
the  Ucvohitiou,  llien-  Mppeni-s  no  it'!i(*on  why  they  niay  not 
gladden  the  eyes  and  inttptri!  thv  bviirts  uf  patriots  in   19S0. 

On  the  ITlh  of  Doeenibor,  I't^H,  the  Hliodc  Island  i!!k>ci- 
cty  nf  ilie  Cint^innati  was  iirfrani»cil  at  the  State  floudc  in 
rixjvideiicts  with  .Major-Genenil  Xiilhanai'l  (irt-ene  aa  its 
President.  Its  principal  fibjoots  were  the  pi-esorviition  of 
"those  exalted  rights  and  liberties "  for  which  the  members 
had  foui^lit  and  tiled;  the  protuotiuii  of  uniuti  and  national 
honor  in  the  reepec-tive  Staie>;  the  maintcnanuo  of  the  cor- 
dial affection  subgihtin^  ainon<;  the  officers  ;  and  the  relief  of 
"those  officers  and  their  fnmilies  who  nnlbrtunalely  may  bo 
under  the  nereusity  of  rct-oiving  it."  Of  this  Sot-iety. 
Licutenant-C'olonel  CHney  was  a  founder-  lie  wa^  also  the 
first  Treasurer,  haviniir  Mnjor  John  S.  IVxter  for  an  assist- 
ant. He  continued  in  tlii*  oBice  until  17^1',  when  he  was 
elected  V'iee  President  of  (he  Soriely.  In  1H(K),  he  was 
chosen  President  of  the  Society,  a  position  which  he  filled 
twelve  [iuetrcssive  ^'eaii*.  until  his  decease.  Ilio  diploma  of 
his  memhership  in  the  Sociel}'  is  j>rc.scrve(I  in  the  family  of 
Mrs.  Anita  A.  Carr,  a  descendant,  now  livinjr  in  Providence. 

Tlie  ori^nal  membership  of  the  .Society  vonsisted  of  sev- 
enty-four eommissioned  otlicers,  "very  many  of  whom  occu- 
pied the  most  important  civil  stations  in  the  t.'oiumonwealth." 
For  more  than  forty  years,  the  Society  appears  to  have  been 
in  a  prosperous  I'onditifm,  luul  itft  annual  celebrations  on  the 
Fourth  of  July  were  .•icusuns  of  njuch  soc'ial  enjoyment  to  itfi 
members ;  but  iu  the  lapi^e  of  lime,  the  membership  l>ecame 
so  reduced  in  numbers,  that  a  vote  was  passed  suneudering 
its  charter  to  the  tc^islatin-e  of  (he  State,  and  making  pro- 
vision for  the  division  and  distribution  of  its  fund::).  In 
1877.  through  the  efibrts  of  hereditary  nieuilHtrs,  the  Soci- 
ety was  revived,  and,  in  1x78,  n  now  eliarter  from  the  Rhode 


OUE.  FRENCH  ALMES. 


455 


Jslnnd  Gcnernl  Assoiiilily  wiis  olitiiiiipd.  I'mU'r  (liis  cimrter, 
the  first  offiterawere  the  Iloiiornble  NathaiiHcl  Greene,  M.D., 
ofNewiJoil,  Presifioiil ;  the  Hnnonihle  Siumn  Henry  Greene, 
of  River  Point,  \'ke  l*ref*idont ;  Henry  K.  Tiinier,  M.  D., 
of  Newpoi-t,  Secretary;  .\»a  Bird  Gaixiner.  LL.  f).,  then  of 
West  Point,  AssistAnt  8ecretiiry ;  Snmnol  t'hnuc  Blodget, 
of  Pi-ovkleiioe,  TreiiAiirer :  Dtivid  King.  M.  D.,  of  Newport, 
Assistant  Trciisurer.  lu  this  new  i>r^iuizulion,  Colonel 
OIney,  as  ho  may  be  called  under  Iho  brecel  of  1783,  is 
reprcMnted  by  a  grcnt-^rmndson,  Mr.  Thomas  Vincent  Carr, 
of  Providence. 

Tn  1 78.'),  Cohmel  OIney  wns  elected  a  Deputy  to  represent 
Providence  in  the  GeoemI  AHsenibly.  His  associates  were 
John  Jencket^,  PtinI  Allen  nnd  (tmrles  Kccnc. 

Colonel  Olney  having  boon  notiticd  by  General  Knox, 
that  the  tneoniul  mooting  of  the  tinrhfy  of  t/ie  Cutcinn^ti 
was  to  bo  held  in  Phihulclphia,  on  the  first  Monday  in  May, 
1790,  ho  -wrote  April  2.^th,  in  reply; 

'-  It  niM  inr  iiit^-ntioii  to  lisvp  tlit^  boiior  of  aLtvndtns  ttilx  Tijvrtfttg,  but 
I  mn  prevented  by  an  t!X(r«ue  bad  colli,  wliicb  Iia»  for  some  Hiiiw  codBii«I 
nifi  tu  tbu  lioiisc  I'otuiicl  I't^ck  ur  Mnjvr  Lyman  will  ntttrnrl  as  n  delesK- 
tlun  fl-om  llUf)  SUtc  Koclciy.  Our  aiiniices  being  !«innlt  Iiks  Inttucod  tliv 
necessity  of  scnilliig  bat  one  d«li-sat«."* 


In  179*1,  President  ^Vat^lnngton  np)K>intcd  Colonel  OIney 
Colleetor  of  ('nstonis  fnr  the  port  and  district  of  Provi- 
deni-e.  He  took  the  oalh  of  office,  and  asMiiiied  itn  respon- 
Hiliilities,  Augost  14th,  his  surety,  in  the  sum  of  *2,"()n, 
being  Kuf'us  Hopkins,  of  Sciliuite,  R.  I.  The  witnesse.'*  to 
the  bontl  »vere  Daniel  Cooke  and  Ebenozrr  Thonijwoii.  The 
duties  of  his  oHiee  were  discharged  with  honor  to  himself 
and  to  the  cntli'e  satisfaction  of  the  government,  until  1809, 
uhcn  he  vulunlarily  i-esigncd,  partly  on  account  of  \\\& 
objection  lo'  llie  Act  cslitbllshing  iin  Kuibargo.  which  he 
considered  wrong  Id  principle,  and  uoder  which  he  wan 


456 


ItnODE  TBLAKD  IK  TUE  REVOLUTIOST. 


unwilling  to  contiime  in  office.  "Halving,"  he  snys,  in  his 
letlur  of  resig^Dutiun  utitlresscd  to  l*rcstcleiit  Jefferson,  "fought 
the  buttles  of  my  country  through  a  long  nnd  {>crilcms  war.  I 
cannot  now  become  instnioicutal  iu  assisting  to  rivet  upon 
my  countrymen  thoiu:  very  chains  and  fetters  which  I,  ou  a 
former  nnd  mcniomhle  occasion,  lent  my  feeble  and  zealous 
assistance  to  burst  aciunder." 

Up  to  1700,  the  MfUiption  of  the  Cnnjititution  of  the 
Unifcd  States  had  been  an  unsettled  f|nest)on  in  Rhode 
Island.  Anxioti.-*  that  the  State  !<houlcl  come  ut  once  into 
the  Fedenil  Union,  and  secure  iht^  bcTietitH  to  Iw  derived 
iherefi"om.  Colonel  Oltiey  united  with  other  prominent  citi- 
zens lliei-eof  In  cflbrtn  to  secure  this  ivsult.  Still  he  had 
strong  fears  that  the  opponents  of  the  meusurc  would  suc- 
ceed.    Writing  tu  Ilsnnilton,  ho  «ays  : 

"  1  am  tarry  to  Inrbrm  jrou  chnt  the  cotiveiillon  wlitch  Is  to  ni««L  In  this 
StAte.  on  the  first  Monday  iu  Mwrcli  iw-xt,  Tor  tin*  |nirpow  or  Ofcirtina  o'* 
tlie  new  CotittlUutiuii,  ha-s  iii>c  so  FedvrnI  a  com|>lex1ou  as  [  could  wisb. 
LnstMoudity  tvaslliuilfl}-  Tor  vIvcLiii^  dck'imntvs  Oirouubout  tlic  State.  We 
bavu  heard  Troni  nil  tbe  tonu-i,  and  llud  on  the  closest  calcalaliuu  tLat  wu 
cnn  reokon  only  112  Fc(l<i.  and  38  Antls.  Tills  miikcs  our  pro:<p<-ct  doubtful 
inde<;d.  However,  tlic  Fa-deral  Uit^rrMt  will  exert  crtsry  nerve  to  effect,  it 
pu'<«)b1i!,  the  ndopttoii  uT  Ihc  Connlilutioii,  rorwitlioiiL  it  poverty  «ikI  dts- 
tress  or  ever;  kind  will  be  our  tnvarlubie  lot." 

Fortuniitely  for  the  State  his  fear«  were  not  realized. 
After  a  Bpiritcd  niniirglc.  at  llio  May  .session  of  the  General 
Asaerably  in  Newjiort,  the  Coimtittition  was  adopted  by  the 
cloec  majority  of  two. 

By  the  appointment  of  Presitlcnt  Washington,  Colonel 
Olney  was  made  an  ulinoner  of  the  United  States,  to  dis- 
tribute among  the  invtdid  uoldiei-s  of  the  Khodo  Island  line 
the  monthly  moitios  of  the  annual  bounty  resj>ectively  due 
to  theni.  No  better  designation  could  have  been  made. 
He  had  shared  with  many  of  thcac  men  their  privations. 
He  had  been  an  eye  wituesit  of  their  patient,  patriotic 
endurance,  when  tshoeless,  clothed  in  rags,  and  on  shoil 


t)Vn    K«KNt;il    AI-tJKS. 


457 


nllowHnce  of  food  thoy  inarcUed  to  meet  the  enemy.  Muti- 
lated liinliH,  empty  sleeves  and  tlir  docrpjtit  gait  of  men  wlio 
dobcneil  well  nf  their  country,  nppcnicd  strongly  to  hts 
symiiatbetic  imtiirc,  and  liu  wns  liotli  glad  and  proud  of  fl» 
oj)poilMnity  to  intiko  good  the  assiinmre  given  in  Win  tHrc- 
well  order  at  Sai-atogw,  of  his  readine»«  to  serve  ihom  when- 
ever ojfptirtunity  should  opon.  The  gnitilirnttim  wiUi  whieh 
Colonel  Oiney  reeeivcd  this  expression  of  the  PiHii^idenlV 
confidence  is  clewly  manifested  in  his  letter  of  acknowledg- 
ment addressed  to  .Seeivtftry  of  the  Treaanry  Humiltun : 

"  Vou  may  be  lutsurctl.  8I1-.  ttiut  ll  ulTuiils  lut*  llir  iiiusi  singular  pk-Bdon? 
to  (lutl  ibnt  I  ntn  »o  much  In  the  rememhrjiucc  oT  thi:  l>rcsid«'»t  na  tu  bo 
livslgunted  by  him  Ut  exocnte  Uisl.  li-ui«t,  nu<1  my  rtellnes.  Sir,  mre  no  \us» 
KmtlHeit  In  tho  riMlccLloit  that  I  can,  in  nn.r  degree,  "be  MrvlCMbte  I0  that 
iinfoTtonatc  cIiibs.  of  mir  Wlow-rilijxnji."* 

The  miiiilier  on  this  list,  April  l.j,  17ilO,  wuk  forty-six. 
The  (unouiit  puid  these  pensioners,  as  tlieir  "  tirst  moiely,"  in 
sums  varying  from  flo,  the  lowest,  to  $120,  the  highest,  was 

$],i({i.  " 

I'uder  iiu  Act  of  the  General  Assembly  jtt  its  January 
session  in  IIW),  Colonel  Olney  was  appuiriteil  on  a  commit- 
tee with  Paul  Allen  and  John  S.  Dexter  to  examine  persons 
disjihled  in  the  service  of  tJie  I'tiited  .States  dnring  the  war, 
and  olittiin  evidence  of  Iheir  clnims  to  allowanee  for  siitfur- 
ings  while  In  the  service. 

In  17Sil.  Colonel  Olney  and  Thomas  ITnghes,  of  Free- 
town, Masj*.,  hail  herome  the  largest  j)roprictnr8  <»f  the 
"Anacjiiacket  farm"  in  Tiverton,  and  of  the  "Itanistor  lot" 
in  Newport,  estates  confiscated  and  "set  oft'  for  the  |>aynient 
of  the  halances  due  to  the  ofKi'crs  ami  soldiers  of  the  late 
regiment  conitnanded  liy  Colonel  Israel  Aiigoll."  Wishing 
to  sell  the  sanie,  I'ut  having  no  authority  to  give  good  and 
sufficient  deeds  to  purchasers,  they  iippMed  to  the  Oenenil 
Assemlily  for  themselves  and  the  oiher  proprietors,  to  ohlnin 


AH 


■UaiuiKi1|it  letter. 


4fl8 


RHODE  ISLAND  IS  TflE  REVOLUTION. 


such  [>ower,  which  was  granted,  they  accounting  to  the  afore- 
said proprietors  "  for  their  respecti^-c  proportions  of  th^ 
money  arising  from  the  sjile." 

In  1793,  Colimcl  Ohiey  was  siibjectod  to  eonsidenible 
extra  rare  and  Ulior  in  collecting  and  forwarding  to  West 
Poiot,  uii  the  lltidsun  river,  (l»y  the  direction  of  Secretary 
of  IVjir  Knox,)  the  or<lnonco,  military  stores,  etc.,  remain- 
ing at  thi"  close  of  the  war  in  Providence,  Newport,  Tiver- 
ton, Freetown,  and  elsewhere.  Of  these  ho  made  careful 
8chod«le.s,  which  wore  transmitted,  together  with  a  state- 
ment of  the  expenses  iiicmivd,  to  Secretary  ICnox.  In 
unswiT  to  tin  inquiry  concerning  two  bniss  field  pieces,  which 
by  periniaston  of  Geiiend  Sullivan,  had  been  assigned  to  the 
Providence  Coiupuny  of  Artillerj',  formed  at  the  comnionee- 
inent  of  the  war,  and  commanded  by  Colonel  Daniel  Tilling- 
hast,  he  says ; 

"  I  find  on  Inquiry  that  the  Itro  Held  piece*  were  jjellvcred  to  Cotond 
Tilltnghiuit'a  compniiy  of  urtlllerjr  al  tho  time  or  his  cxpcilUluii  on  RhcKle 
IkImdi]  in  ihe  j'ear  I7T9,  nntl  tbey  have  ever  btcn  In  their  possesMon.  Tlio 
CADiiou  urc  kept  hmiscd  mid  in  ^oail  onler.  Your  pcrtnEttiti)!  tliem.  Sir, 
to  remain  with  this  cotiipniiy  wiil  he  productive  of  miirh  gooO,  as  this 
compony  is  tlio  only  remnliiing  suimniiy  of  discipltne  la  thu  StAte,  and 
they  tnkc  B  pecallnr  prklc  on  till  public  nct^iiictEin  to  exhibit  a  niArtial 
iippeamnc«!,  nnil  (Mirtlculnrly  wheii  tliey  fprm  a  procpjision  in  coiijitncllou 
n-itli  t.he  CincUiniitl  of  Uils  Suitt;  at  tlie  aoniversary  oT  th«  Inilependence 
of  our  cuuotry  oa  tlic  4lli  t>f  July."  • 


It  is  not  known  that  these  guiia  were  ever  removed  from 
Rhode  Islaml. 

The  attachment  of  Colonel  Olnoy  toWashioglon  remained 
itnabuted  till  the  dose  of  life,  and  when  the  news  of  tlie 
death  of  "  the  Father  of  his  Couutiy  '"  shed  its  glcwm  upon 
the  hearts  of  the  citizen.-*  of  Providonro,  ho  was  a  member 
of  the  committee  appointed  by  the  town  to  uuikc  oiTangc- 
metits  for  a  funeix^iil  connnemoration  of  that  sad  event.  The 
7th   of  January,    ItfttU.   was   ihe  desigiuitcil   day.       In  tho 


Otm  FBESCH  ALLTRS. 


i5» 


mornirtor  n  tiiUhjiiuI  ualiito  whs  tired,  hiiiI  al  inti?rvuls  of  every 
half  hour,  while  the  proteMioii  was  moving,  «  ciiniinn  whs 
disuharfre*!.  The  iiroccssion,  funned  on  Broiul  street,  wns 
(■(imjiosod  of  civil  nud  military  offii^'era,  most  of  the  inrorpi>- 
r:itcd  societies  in  the  town,  and  the  Mngonic  bi*elhren.  The 
escort  conBJstcd  nf  the  Light  Dmgijons,  Ihe  Independent 
Volunteers,  and  the  I'nitcd  Train  of  Artillery.  The  pi-o- 
cession  ptoeuoded  to  the  house  of  Colonel  Olney,  where  it 
received  the  hier,  and  thence  to  the  First  Baptist  Meeting- 
house, where  a  fnneral  oration  wan  delivere'l  hy  George  Bnr- 
rill,  Esq.  AlU'r  this  aervii'e,  the  proee«Hion  moved  to  St. 
John's  church,  liev.  Ahrahani  1...  Clnrk  delivered  ii  short 
addres!<,  while  the  liicr  wat«  set  doun,  niter  which  it  was 
depositeil  uniler  the  chtuvli."  The  jmll  henren*  on  tills  orca- 
sion  were  -lercmitdi  Olney,  Willinni  Allen,  Christopher  Olney, 
Ehcnczor  Muconibcr,  John  Spun*,  and  John  S.  Dexter,  all  of 
whom  had  been  otfioers  in  the  army. 

In  stature.  Colonel  Olney  wii»  above  niedinni  height,  of 
cooiniandiiig  aj>pe;u-nnee,  eonrtcous  in  luannevw,  and  without 
show  of  self-eon  scionsnefts.  Exact  In  the  peiformaneo  of 
official  business,  his  books  and  papers  were  always  in  readi- 
nesB  for  insjwctinn.  No  poHruit  of  hira  was  ever  painted. 
The  silhouette  presented  on  page  44Jt  gives  a  correct  protilo 
of  his  features.  This,  with  the  sword  he  wore  atYorktown, 
pictured  on  the  snmc  page,  an  original  impression  of  Biui- 
man's  plan  of  the  siege,  and  two  camp  chairs,  are  preaer^'ed 
hy  Mrs.  Carr,  oh  precious  niementus  of  her  patriotic  aocea- 
tor.  To  her  friendly  courtesy  I  am  indebted  for  ])ermission 
to  take  copies  of  the  silhouette  and  sword,  as  they  ap[>car 
in  this  vohime.  The  existence  of  a  fourth  copy  of  Bauman's 
rare  plan  of  the  i^iege  was  unknown  to  me  until  after  page 
■123  had  been  printed.  Possibly  others  may  horenfter  Ijc 
brought  to  light. 

An  interesting  souvenir,  picked  np  at  Yorklown  by  Colo- 


'Stiplri'  Aanalt  of  Provldeow,  373,  STt. 


460  RHODE  I8LA1TD  IN  THE   REVOLUTION. 

nel  Olney,  aod  preserved  by  Mrs.  Carr,  is  a  beaatiful  tor- 
toise-shell pocket  toilet-case,  inlaid  with  silver,  which 
belonged  to  a  British  officer.  A  miniature  perfumery  bot- 
tle, though  empty,  still  exh^es  the  fragrant  odor  of  the 
attar  of  roses. 

The  home  of  Colonel  Olney  was  in  a  house,  still  attractive 
in  appearance,  on  Olney  street,  near  the  site  of  the  old 
homestead  inn.  Here  he  died  November  10.  1812,  in  the 
sixty-third  year  of  his  age.  He  was  buried  in  the  North 
Burial  Ground.  The  slab  covering  his  grave  bears  the  fol- 
lowing inscription : 

Sacrkd  to  thr  Hkmort  oi^ 
Col.  JEREMIAH  OLNEY, 

A  I'utrlot  of  the  Revolntlon  —  lata  Collector 

of  the  Castoms  for  the  District 

of  Providence, 

aud  Presldeot  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati 

of  the  State  of  Rhode  Ittlond 

and  Providence  Plantations. 

He  closed  his  honorable  and  nseftil  Life, 

with  Christian  Serenity, 

on  the  10th  Day  of  November,  1812, 

In  the  63d  year  of  his  age. 

As  a  Citizen 

he  was  vlrtnous  and  public  spirited  — 

Hs  an  Offlcer 

he  was  ardent,  judicious  and  Intrepid  — 

The  unquallflcd  Approbation 

of  Washington,  his  Immortal  Chief, 

is  a  demonstration  of  his  Worth, 

which  will  transmit  his  Name, 

In  the  Anuals  of  his  Country, 

with  Reputation  to  Posterity. 

To  his  natural  Elevation  of  Koul 

were  signally  united 

the  Purest  Honour  and  Integrity, 

ft'oni  whleh  no  Intarest  could  swerve, 


OUR  FRENCH  AI.LIBB. 


no  ]>an|;«r  appnl  lilin  — 

lil«  Couacknce  wu  his  MoDltor  — 

TriUli  nil]  .Il)Mt)L■l^  wtrc:  Ills  GnMcs  — 

ilospitAllty  and  Bcnovnlonrc 

were  conspiiMioua  Tmits  \a  hifl  Chamrter, 

biid  hts  RelnUons  snrt  Friends 

will  cliertth  the  Remi^nihMDcc  at  Ms  Vlrtucti 

while  "  Memory  holds  a  Seat."  • 

S.  Tinplty  Se. 

Such  bt  oil  iui])oi-fect  sketcb  of  the  life  nnj  services  of  one 
who  served  hU  country  well  in  her  hour  of  need,  who  was 
fiiithfiil  lo  all  trusts  cuumiilted  to  him.  who  In  life  hpUl  nn 
honored  [iluce  in  the  respei^t  of  hiu  fellow-citizens,  nnd  in 
death  was  sincerely  mnumcd. 

THE    ACOOUS'T  or  THE    SIEOK    KESl'MRD. 

The  nan-ativc  of  the  «iogc,  interrupted  by  the  precwling 
Ijei-soniil  notice  of  Colonel  Olney,  is  rpsiimcd  with  the  rela- 
tion of  3in  incident  of  Colonel  Tarleton  and  the  Dukedc  I*nn- 
/,uii.  At  GlonccHtcr  Point  times  were  lively.  The  foive  of 
llrigailicr-General  M.  de  Choisy  con9i$te<l  of  almut  fifteen 
hnudred  niilitin  under  Genornl  U'eedon  ;  the  Duke  df  Lau- 
zun'^  Lej^ion  of  t*i\  hundred  cavalry  and  infantry  :  and  eight 
hundred  marines,  furnished  by  Count  de  Orasse.  The  for- 
aging [rarties  of  the  Dritiflh  commander  becnme  annoying, 
and  one  morning,  while  out  in  foi-ce.  to  check  "  n  gnuid  for- 
age," Laiwmi  wa^  infurnied  by  a  woiuau,  of  whom  lie 
inquired  concerning  the  enemy,  that  Colonel  Tailoton  had 
just  left  her  [ilnce,  expresi^ing  an  eager  wish  "to  shake  hand:* 
with  the  French  J^uke."     Liutzun  laughingly  replied,  that  he 


■Xttar  by  rv\iatm  the  rEiiMliit  ikf  111*  irirr.  Ilrt  nrBiiitliiiiP  Ix-ar*  IIh-  fi>lla«ili]C  iDxrip- 
lloii:  "  Td  iiii-D)i>r>  of  Mn.  liAMAH  Or  iiRT,  |  rallct  'if  I  ol.  .lirrKiiilali  Olnrf,  I  and  dttn^trr 
aCllwMa|tior.McliolM4'(K)kr.  I  Burn  Urc.  ;l.  17U.  |  blH<K<l.  W,  IMl.  |  «!«)■« t*mr<.- 
nWICvhwi-  Hlvrn  la  crrnoriiu*.  If  ahv  iHnd  lt>  ti*i:t.  alir  wmiM  hnir  Ih^-M  Ui  her  r1xlll>- 
plfhlhfnir;  ir  In  IM*f,ufoiin<l  In  MliffT  rwronl*.  tliaHOPld  kaT<>bn>p  In  livralfflilTarTnitl* 
yi-HT.  11)'  »nlr  ehlM  bora  to  Ci>lniM<l  *MiitT  mm  «  ilauirhUv,  Mary  Hmmltu  (*te«T.  wli« 
WM  lunrrli-d  tu  t!iiauivl  L'urr,  of  W«il«rtt.  H,  I.,  Htrefa  a^  lai. 


462 


RIIODR  T8I.AKD   IN  THE   KEVOLUTION. 


had  come  on  purpose  to  gratify  litm,  and  iiamcdintel^'  dnshod 
forward  in  pni'siiit.  Soon  the  l>nko  iind  Tiirlnton  nicti  iiud 
a  brisk  skirmish  nt  close  quarters  fciltowiid.  In  the  encoun- 
ter, Tarlcton'8  bnr&e  suddenly  plurijfed  and  fvLl,  ijeoring  his 
rider  to  the  ground,  and  but  for  the  timely  apiiearanoc  of 
the  main  body  of  the  British  cavalry,  the  Colonel  would 
have  been  taken  prisoner  —  a  method  of  "shaking  hands" 
for  which  he  had  no  inclinntion.  The  encounter  cost  the 
enemy  a  considerable  loss  of  men,  and  one  officer  killed. 
Upon  the  Held  of  Ihis  skirmish  Oenei^il  de  <"hoiay  estal>- 
lished  his  muiu  camp,  and  lixiug  strong  advanced  jH>sts 
nearer  to  Gloucester,  he  held  the  |X)sition  during  the  resi- 
due of  the  siege." 

In  thi8  encounter,  the  Duke  dc  Laii/iin  had  three  men 
killed  and  eleven  wounded.  Among  the  latter  was  Count 
Arthur  Dillon.  The  British  loss  was  fifty  men  killed  or 
wounded.     Of  the  foniier  was  LieiiliMiant  Moir. 

From  the  lOih  of  October  to  Iho  K'llli,  the  lH)mbardment 
WHS  incessant.  A  red  hot  shot  from  a  French  battery  set 
fire  to  the  "  Clmron,"  a  Hrittsh  forty-four-f^rti"  ship,  which, 
with  several  other  smaller  vessels,  at  anchor  off  the  town, 
was  consumed  in  the  night,  making  a  splentlid  ilbimiantiou. 
A  few  simiUir  shots  drove  the  "  Gauilaloupc,"  of  thirty-two 
guns,  from  her  station,  to  seek  safety  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  river,  t 

THE    SOKTIE. 

At  about  four  o'clock,  on  the  moroing  of  Octolier  Ifith, 

•  SJr  BntiMirv  Th/Mod  wm  Imm  In  I.ItwtkmiI,  Rii]r1ani1.  Aupi'l  31.  '--V*  He  wnrd  In 
AmericA  uudrr  CI Inlvn,  !!«<];«  aadl.'oroHalll*.  Jletra*  n  L>rn*e  Imc  Mnirulnsrr  vfflcer,  ■*<] 
(TM  nolpi]  Tnr  crualtjr.  In  .ImiitHry.  17'<1i  tic  n>«  ■lrft--atcd  b;  Gparrnl  Slutgan,  arar  tlM 
CowpriM,  S. '^.  AIYor  rvTumtnx  lo  KuRlati'l,  lio  na>  niiul*  ■  Cfncinl,  mid.  In  ITW.naa 
elKim  10  rnrltemrDt.  In  IMi<.  lie  titaimc  a  linToncl.  In  ITK.  ho  publUlMd  In  Loudun  m 
■'  Ulitiirj  iif  Oil'  C«iii|<*l)tiii  of  ]rv>-^1  "    Hr  ilieil  .laniiHrir  £\,  tXO. 

tAt  tti«  i-ouiiiicocvnii'iit  uf  lliu  >ir|iv,OmioallIi  ImO  IbCfUppurl  vt  tli«  fallow  Inn  ariamj 
TCMcU;  The  ChaMQ.U  gUM:  <>auil»lotipr,  a^i  Old  r.tWAjr,  i»;  Ilniieiu,  tltwp-oT-nr. 
U;  btig  Ueflkncc.  10;  brig  .^iiltllrr'.  I:!;  iloop  Fonnltlnlile,  10;  iloop  Rnmblrr.  10;  (loop 
SaHuma,  H:  Tnrktoii.  li;,  bvildci  tbcw.  iliicrc  wn*  m  Ur|cc  uiirab^r  of  •miUcr  vMwli, 
crn|ilo>ed  u  tnatporu,  •encniil  ar  nliicft  wrrc  Mink. 


J 


OUK  FRKNCn  ALLIES. 


46S 


Colonel  Robert  Ahei-eromUie,  ai  the  hend  of  four  hundred 
men,  made  a  iiortie  upon  two  unfinished  redoubts  occupied 
by  the  French.  The  impetuosity  of  the  iissnult  wjis,  for  the 
moment,  iri-eslstihle,  and  the  French  wore  driven  from  their 
works.  Seven  oinnon  in  the  redoubts  ivere  liiistily  spiked 
by  the  enemy,  with  the  points  of  bayonets ;  but  soon  sup- 
ports under  the  Count  do  Xoiullos  came  up.  nnd  shouting 
"Viveie  Hoi.'"  rushed  furioiuily  uiKtn  the  assailants,  com- 
pelling; them  to  reti-oat  with  a  losa  of  eight  men  killed,  and 
twelve  taken  prisoner?.  In  a  few  hours,  the  cnnnon  were 
unspiked  and  doing  deadly  service  against  the  enemy.  On 
the  following  dny.  the  17(h,  no  fewer  than  one  hundred 
pieces  of  heavy  ordnance,  (cannons  nnd  mortars, )  were  la 
position,  pourinjr  Ilieir  fiitat  missiles  upon  the  liesicged. 
Never  before  had  such  thunderings  been  heard  upon  the 
peninsula. 

••  October's  clear  and  naonda;  sun 
Palsd  la  tlie  tiroatli  smakc  uf  tbe  gnn, 
And  duwu  iiiuhCs  dwublc  blndiiKaii  fell, 
LU(6  ft  dropped  slar,  the  blazing  abell." 


A.N  ATTEMPT  TO  ESCAPE.— THE  CAPITULATION. 

"  From  YorktowTi's  rutiw,  ranked  and  sUU. 
Two  Uu4^  afreH'li  far  o'er  \'a]«  and  hill: 
Who  cttrlM  ]il<i  f-utnA  ni  licadof  one? 
Hark!  Llir  low  miirinitr:  \VM»hinf^i>n.! 
Who  bonds  lii»  kern  approaching  k'*^'^'^*' 
Whtrn  dfiWT)  the  gorRcoua  line  at  Franco 
ShlDi?  knlxliUy  MUr  ami  [iluiuv  of  sdow-7 
Thou  tou  AM  vic-tur,  Rwbaiiitir-aH!" 

Wmittih*. 


LlIE  end  drew  nigh.     The  "boy"  had  not  been  caught. 
Washington  was  proving  himself  more  than  a  match 
for  his  accomplished  adversary.     The  French  wing  under 


4fi4 


RHODE  ISLAND  IK  THE  REVOLUTION. 


ICu(-lt;iinlicati.  in  the  trenches  unci  on  the  Held,  gave  tlic 
enemy  do  rest.  Vay  l»y  day,  Lord  ComwalU*  felt  himself 
intreasinj^ly  pressed,  and  the  prospect  of  ifiK-llintr  the 
ttciticgers  jzrew  more  hopeless.  The  enrtliM'urks  of  llio 
liesicged  wore  no  lon^'er  reliable  defences.  The  ncciiriite 
gimnory  of  Knox  and  of  d*AI)oville  iniide  ffltal  any  nttenipl 
lo  strengthen  ihe  pohilion  hy  nhatis,  and  rendered  the  Ii}»ht 
f^aixing^<  of  nu  nt-eonnt.  'J'lie  hurbting  shelU  and  the  ricochet 
tiring  from  the  American  and  French  halleries  weru  alarm- 
ingly fatal.  Many  houses  in  the  town  were  greatly  dom- 
ngod ;  some  of  them  were  in  ruins ;  dead  men  and  horaes, 
lightly  covered  with  earth,  i-xliakd  rjHVnsive  odors,  and 
deepened  the  gloom  of  devastation.  The  wrtic,  from  which 
much  was  hoi>ed,  had  failed.  Sir  Henry  <'linton"H  pi-omise 
of  seasonable  re-en  force  men  Is  had  not  l»een  kept.  .Sickne&s 
was  coust4intly  diminishing  the  number  of  abte-liodicd  men. 
"The  strength  and  spirits  of  those  witliiri  the  works  were 
much  exhansted  by  the  fatigue  of  constant  watching  and 
iinreiuitting  duty."  Ammunition  for  the  heavy  ordnance 
was  growing  scarce,  and  for  protracting  the  defencts  the 
Uritish  connnander  of  artillery  was  re(hieed  to  the  use  of 
one  eight  inch  mortar,  "and  little  more  than  one  hundred 
eohorn  shells." 

Under  these  disheartening  circumstanoes,  hut  two  courses 
lay  oi>en.  First,  to  escape  across  the  river  to  Gloucester, 
and  retreat  thence  to  New  York — a  wild  and  an  impracticable 
idea  —  and  second,  to  suiTender.  On  the  night  of  the  lUlli 
uf  October,  the  tirst  plan  was  tried.  A  detachment  was  to 
be  left  to  capilulate  for  the  towns-people,  hikI  for  the  sick 
and  wounded  ;  on  whii;h  subject  a  letter  was  ready  to  h^ 
delivered  to  General  Washington.  With  the  tdmosl  secrecy. 
sixteen  large  boats  were  eniplnyed  in  ferrying  over  the 
troops,  but  the  work  was  arrested  by  a  violent  storm,  which 
compelled  their  return.  Now  came  the  second  plan  —  trj'- 
ing,  mollifying,  but  inipo.^siblc  to  •ihnn — surrender.  In 
the  uecesiiity  for  tUh  step  the  principal  otl^lcerii  of  the  aiiuy 


Uim  PRBNCll   ALLIES. 


465 


L'oiK'urnid,  tlion^li  Lu  .suiiii:  it  suciU'Cil  uiiticcoesary.  Ou 
the  17lh,  C'ui'nwalliii  Jiddresscd  it  nolo  to  Washington,  pro- 
[waing  a  cessation  of  botitilities  for  twenty-four  houi-s,  to 
settle  tornw  Tor  tho  stirifmJcr  of  Vorktowii  iind  Gloucuster. 
Tho  latter  gninte<l  a  cessation  fov  two  hours,  in  whit-b,  Iteforo 
tLe  meeting  of  coinniist»ionuns.  Lord  CornwuUif*  was  to  pre- 
pnreaml  Irniisniit  to  liini  llio  Ijiisin  of  Iiib  proposuU.  This 
was  done.  He  pi-oposcd  ibat  tlio  garrisons  of  Vorktowii 
iind  Gloucester  should  "he  prisoners  of  war,  with  the  cus- 
tomary honors,"  and  that  the  British  !>hoii]d  "  he  sent  to 
Britain,  and  the  GorciianA  ti>  ficrmany.  under  eiijfagement 
not  to  serve  against  France,  Anu'rirn,  or  their  iillies,  until 
released  or  regularly  exchanged." 

In  rnpJy,  Washin^'ton  olyccled  lo  this  Inst  proposition  as 
inadmissilile.  ^Vilh  regard  to  honors,  he  siud  tlie  surren- 
deriiig'  army  tiliould  receive  the  same  as  >vere  granted  to  the 
American  giirrisMin  Jit  Chnrlestun. 

Ifcforc  the  (wo  hours  expired,  CornwalIi:»  acceded  to  the 
basis  of  a  treaty  of  capitiihilion  indiciitcd  l»y  Washington, 
and  the  whole  subject  was  committed  to  commissioners,  wbii 
met  at  "ifoore'ft  House."  on  the  ItJth,  to  give  final  form  to 
the  articles.  The  comiuissioners  on  the  part  of  tlic  British 
were  I.ieutenimt-Colonel  Dundas  and  Major  Uoss.  The 
Fitfuch  and  Americans  were 
reprei^entetl  liy  the  Viscount  ^ 

de  Noailles  and  I,ieiucnant-  /^ ^^  ^Z.<i4^^C.^>^ 
Colonel  Laurens.  The  arti- 
cles, fourteen  in  nimihcr,  weiv  onrcfidly  drawn,  guaixllng  the 
rights  of  both  parties,  iiucording  to  the  rules  of  war.  The 
officers  were  to  retain  tlieir  xide  arms,  and  both  officers  and 
soldiers  were  to  keep  their  private  property,  without  being 
subjected  to  sean^Ei  or  inspection ;  the  mildiers  were  to  be 
kept  In  A'irginia,  Mjii-yland  and  Pennsylvania,  as  much  by 
regiments  as  possible,  and  a  Held  oihcer  and  other  officere  on 
j)ui-ole,  in  proporiitm  of  one  to  fifty  men,  were  lo  Iw  allowed 
to  reside  near  them,  and  to  be  witnesses  of  ibcir  tivatment ; 

89 


BIIUUB  IRhAND  IH  THE  RRVOLUTION. 


oflic'er«  were  to  be  iillowed  to  keep  soldiers  ns  jwrvants ; 
liDspitftls  wer»  to  he  ItimishcJ  for  the  sick  and  wounded ; 
llie  general,  shirt",  and  otb<T  officers  were  to  lie  peiiuitted  to 
go  on  piitxjle  to  Kurope  <ir  elsewhere ;  the  artillery,  gnus, 
a(x^o1ltrcmonts,  military  cheats,  and  public  stores  of  every 
donoinination' frere  to  be  dclirered  up  unimpaired;  and  tbe 


"MonilKN    nikDSB,"  YoUMTOWX,  VlXIIIXIA.* 


"  Boncttn,"  sloop-of-war,  was  to  he  placed  at  the  diaposal  of 
I/ord  Comwalli*,  to  carry  dejjpatdies  to  Sir  Henry  Cliitton, 
«aid  vessel  to  I>c  nfltenvards  ddivorod  (o  the  order  of  Count 


■"  M<Hirc'4  llouap,"  In  wlikll  IIip  Amrrlcaii.  FrpncS  anil  Billbli  CommlMlnnrri  nirl  In 
•PCtJp  th»  form*  of  mfilliilallou,  !•  (Iiiiolcil  on  thr  "Triniili?  I'arni."  alnm  onv  lalln  aBit  ■ 
lia]t  ritftot  Vorhiawn  •illncr.  and  uol  fur  froni  llir  York  river,  wlilclt  It  fVoiglt.  tu  insi.l 
lilmiJi  wn>  li'ilIC  utinii  llir  rrdr  iir  (lir  Iiuhm-.  ■Hbnllnp  a  |ili>«*anl  Miullu'rii  Ittuk  oul  himmi 
till-  I'KlriiiJ'f  I'luln,  OrlKliiatly  clii*  Imxiw  w'r>  Ilir  tvlilcpre  ortlot*fnor  Sfiiiil>wun4,  MhI 
i«itnciilli>'t  "  llir  Stiotl-viHiil  jilrvrv."  At  llrv  time  ur  Xhe  tvm  iik'r  il  wv  ownnl  ttaAoeeu- 
filnl  bjr  ■  Inily  fknilMarl)  It  nun  n  >•  "Aiinl  Moore."  :41ie  I'^nic  ajto  dpparlnl  l)i)>  lifi>>  l>iit  tb* 
liiiutr  iilll  ri-lHlii*  Ix-r  iiHic.  Tilt  Ixiuie  [■  to  yvniidi-il  will)  (he  tililnry  ul  (iir  ak'itn  and 
full  uf  Vnrktoitii,  tliut  It  wOl  ever  brkJi  object  uf  luicn-t  to  ii«rtoii«  vliltiua  it>c  baiilr- 
AMt  uf  VJrglula. 


OUR   FRENCH  ALLIES. 


4fi7 


de  Gi'asiiu.  Other  pravifions  were  nmde,  which  it  is  uut 
nccosssry  tu  mention  here. 

Tho  thinl  article  in  the  treaty  of  cfl[>itiilation  wns  tho 
most  trying;  to  tht)  prUb  df  <'ornwiillis.  It  prtivideil  thnl 
his  troo|w  should  innrch  to  (he  plnre  desifpiftted  for  hiyiti;; 
down  thoir  «rms,  "with  shouldered  urtiis,  tulors  cased,  lind 
drums  Ideating  "  British  or  a  Gcmuin  march."  To  this 
article  Hie  British  commissioners  objected,  and  endenvored 
in  viiin  tu  obluin  n  inodilicutioit.  "It  h  a  hui-eh  article," 
sttid  Mnjor  Koas  to  Colonel  I^urens.  "  Ves,  sir,"  rnplifid 
the  Colonel,  "it  ii*  a  hnrsh  nrtide."  "Then,"  inquired  tlio 
Miijor,  "  if  that  id  j'oiir  opinion,  why  is  it  here  V  "  In  reply. 
Colonel  Lanrcns,  who  served  under  Oenersl  I^incoln  iit 
('hiirlesloo,  and  wm  there  taken  prisoner,  reminded  the 
British  coramissioncr  that  these  were  preciecly  the  tertUH 
dictated  to  (he  Aniericsin  arm}-  and  enforced  hy  Sir  Henry 
Clinton  on  that  occasion.  He  closed  the  colloquy  by  saying, 
"This  i-eniaiiid  an  article,  or  I  cease  to  be  a  comniisaioner." 
The  article  stood.* 

The  terms  of  capitulation  were  prefaced  as  fullowa: 

"Akticijm  or  CAPiTt^wno!* 

nettliKl  bcttrocu  IIU  Kscollency  General  WoAliliiglon,  rotnmaudrr-in- 
CUicr  of  tlic  ctunblned  forcM  of  Aiiicr(c«  aiid  France;  His  Escellpucy  llie 
r'nuiiL  (le  Udchnintit'au,  LIciiteniiiil-deiieral  of  tlif  iirmii-m  of  th(-  Kin;;  tiT 
t'riiiK'c— (ircat  Crnss  of  lli«  Itoyiil  anil  Military  Onli^r  of  tft,.  Lrtuiit  — 
comniHlKlInK  Uu"  Jilxlllary  troo|i8  ofHin  Mnsl  riirUlliin  Majesty-  In  Aliier- 
Icn  — »iid  Ills  Kxcetlfiirv  the  Count  de  Oriisso.  LWiKviiunt-Gi-uvrnl  of  ibu 
uaral  urmlcs  o(  U\s  Must  Cbrlatlaii  Mnjrsty,  C'umninndvr  uf  the  Order  of 


•  •■  C'oiiiircinl  Mllli  (I>1(  tiuiiuwiiuii  ihi-rr  I*  »  >-iiiii;iirT»ucr  of  clrcunintuiirck  mi  pecii- 
tiarlr  itmnTlutl'l^,  th&i  I  <atjiii>i  uinlt  tu  tiutlrt'  tlipm  In  llili  plurv.    Mr.  He nr>'  I^urrnn, 

«rhu  nui  ilp|iiit(.il  1)1  I  ''>i)grci>  ai  iiur  iiiiifiiioHilur  In  lltillnnil,  uib<  ntjjIiiriHl  nnd  tnUTiin) 
lnli>  fltifilBiKl.  uml  rlu*Ply  miil  mutt  Hic'iMd't)'  cunniicit  In  Mtc  lower  of  |j,>uiltin,  LuM 
< 'nniwullia  lUBlaiu*  tlic  Dlhcr  i>r  I  unit n Mr  rn  iJir  fttHrr;  u-f  rourie  Hr.  I^unn*  i*  UU 
lirlnonar.  Thr  «iii,  ('oIomcI  Joliu  Liiurvuii.  •l<]>iilHtni  iltr  i-oii<ll(ftiii  uf  itip  lumtiidpr  of  liar 
4  oDiralili-,  who  bfconim  uur  prUontT,  wIiIIp  Mr.  l.aiir«iil.  Ihe  fHllirT.  mnnlix  cotillElvd  tu 
III*  towi']-.  B>  (irlHriitT  to  llii'  i-ai'ltin-il  CiJlitlHUc.  Cuiijirra  liwl  (i-n iiu  mil  tliBl  Mr,  l^iinii* 
ii)ii>iil(]  hr  nwrixHl  In  pxi'liniiit*- 1*"'  (ivtirr*!  Kiiripi^ur,  IhuI  |I»'  t^^<•|l<•■lll  wan  n>J*M»d  by  llti' 
jlrltl'li  ifnini nival.  Atlt-r  < Viriin alllt  wii*  nupliiri-il.  Uum-srr.  lir  vi^  ridtljly  rccriiMl  ID 
«xc)iKiijte  (or  Mr    Ijiiirvn*  "—Thutilirr. 


468  BHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BBTOLUTION. 

St.  Louts,  commaadlng  la  chief  the  uaval  army  of  Francu  In  the  Chesa- 
peake—on  the  one  part^and  the  Right  Honorable  Earl  Corowallls, 
Lleoteuant-General  of  Ula  Britannick  Hajeaty'a  forces,  conimandioif  the 
garrlsoiu  of  York  and  Gloucester;  and  Thomas  Symonds,  Gwi.,  com- 
manding His  Britannick  Mfl|)est;'s  uaval  fl>n.-ea  in  York  Rlrer,  In  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  other  part." 

.  Then  follows  tbo  several  articles  of  particulars,  closing 
with 

"Articlk  Htd. 

"  No  article  of  the  cnpltiilstion  to  be  Infringed  on  pretext  of  reprlital, 
aud  if  there  be  any  doubtrul  expressions  In  It,  tbey  arc  to  be  Interpreted 
according  to  the  cominou  meaulng  and  acceptation  of  the  words. 

"Done  at  York,  In  Vlrglula,  tlils  I'Jth  day  of  October,  I78I. 


"Done  111  the  trenches  before   York  Town,   In  Virginia,  October  19, 
1781. 


-«  A„.t.<_ 


7/f  ,h   UA 


en  mon  nom  &  celul  dc  Comte  de  Grassc. 

At    Gloucester,   the    enemy  surrciulcred  to   Geneml    de 
('hoisy  on  terms  similar  to  those  prescribed  for  the  IJritish 


OCR  rilE^-CII  ALLFES.  460 

army  in  Ynrklnwii.  Out-  of  his  rttloiilitrt  ivn-s  <it'liv<'ri'ii  lo 
n  (ielatfinicnt  of  Fi-eneli,  and  Ibe  other  to  »  tlctmhmcnt  of 
Atnericnn  troops. 

Whi'n  tlic  nt'frotiulioiis  L-umracncciI,  Bnron  Stfiiljon  was 
I'timmnndinp;  in  the  IfencUi-'S,  "licro  liu  insisted  tiii  rcmnin- 
iiig  itiitil  tUey  were  completed.     He  cliiimcd  that  this  was 


Coui.iui.  IlKKKv   t]iiAiiiM)nx,* 


iiL'L-ordin<;  to  Lho  otiinicUo  In  Kiimpo  :   thiit  t.Iio  ntfcr  of  (riiplt- 
iilfttion  had  hoen  made  during  bi»  guard,  iiud  thnt  it  was  a 


■roloiid  llriif/  l>rarlii>ni  at  Ilili  lUiii;  Win  \»l'tAiil  (|iinr1i-riiiA>l«T'lii'iii-r>l  in  t'nlnnd 
Tlinnllir  I'IrknIiiff-  Tu  lilm  wi»  aulviifl  thf  diilr  of  (<iill''i-tlii|i  iiiiil  Mriirlnx  ilia*  niltlliify 
ami  wilier  wlorc*  iiirr^n dentil  Bt  liloiiwiti^r  —  a  dllllaill  pnrt  tii  rvMUlf,  *iifrounilf4l  lU  h*' 
!»»»,  by  >  ImhI  itf  iillCirTrn.  I'<ir  llt>.<  wuiil  iif  mlHirk-iil  niiiltiirllv  nt  llr>l.iiiiil  In  lliu  almtacr 
of  nccwiMiry  iiuiniiiiii',  miii'li  i>f  llir  |>n)|H'riv,  [iii-liiiDnK  ni'Hrl}  all  tli«'  ti-nl*,  wk«  irnlon, 

(.liilontl  iitiuhora  vrm  a  Urnvi:  (ifllorr, fiixl  nliKri-il  El>pu|>)iri>h*il(ih  »f  WaihlnffTon.  ARrr 
IIh>  etiiti-  iif  llir  K(-i (iln  1  lun ,  lie  H-itlnl  In  Muiiiiuiulli.  Ur..  uiiil  n«*  a  ninribtT  of  Coiikcvm 
frniri  llmt  ilUlrivt.  Ilr  nm^  luiTL-rtLvcly  .Munlml  uf  >liilii<--,  I'l-'llL-clur  ot  llir  I'url  at  Boa- 
loii,  amt  iu  Ihr  war  of  i'-tt,  heM  ilir  roiiiiiiliilnii  nf  M-nior  lliiJrir.Cii-iii  tal  of  thr  Vultnl 
Slatri  aniiv.  In  )»>'*>,  lie  imi  nttpnlritctl  Snulttt-r  Iu  INirtiiSol'  Hi'  "■■  I><»ll  In  Varlli 
llaiiipluit,  N.  H.,  Icliniarjr  71,  t;:.l,  andillivl  ut  liU  fcnt  tii  Itoxtiur^,  Mhh,  Jiiiir  fl,  IKRi. 
tlL-|iul)li.-)Hrdnn  iiiTi^ciiini  >>f  Itii-  linttlrot  Itiniki-r't  Hill,  nliHt  xn-nllyilliircirbpil  the  frlrnilB 
«r  (iFiiFral  riilnBin,  niiO  wlikli  \t-'\  to  nii  rxtinilr.l  •|[>cii>-I»li  nf  Ilir  .|in-itloli,  ■'  Who  colu- 
maiHlfliit  Bunkrr^  Hltl.'-* 


470 


BBODE  I8r«V!n>  IK  THE  RErOLVTION. 


jKiint  of  honor  of  whioh  ho  would  not  deprive  bi«  troops,  (o 
remnin  in  Cli<)  trenches  till  the  cnpiliitation  was  ^igncd,  or  till 
linstilitieA  i-oeonimeiieed.  Lafayette,  who,  with  his  division, 
had  nppmaclied  to  relieve  the  Raron,  referred  the  suhjcet  t" 
W:iKhiii<^.oii ;  but  Steubt'n  rciniuned  iu  the  ti'enchcs  until 
the  British  flag  was  struck.* 

UEM:itllTIO.N    OF  TllK    SURKEMIEII. 

The  ctiptnrc  of  the  redoubts  in  whit-h,  us  h«s  Hiretidy  lieen 
seen,  Captuin  Stephen  OIney  porfoitned  a  conspicnoiis  jmrt, 
WHS  an  Important  preliminary  to  the  downfnil  of  Vorktown.t 

•  Kan.. 

t  SIpphoii  Olney  WM  (li!*opn<)«l  In  ih*  Onii  gi-ni-ritlltiii  from  ThORiM  Ohi^,  a  Jobil  |ir». 
|irii>li>r  Willi  Rufer  WlUloni*  lii  tlip  "frDtlilriH*  I'urcliBM"  MewiuilMifii  tn  \otiIi  Pnnl. 
'Ivncr.  It.  I.,  IJcJohM  It  ir.V>.  In  1~4,  hi')nini^l  ItiC-  N.irtli  l'ro*lil«nce  HBUjtcrt."  com- 
iiiniidi'rl  Ii;f  ('apiiilii  .lolin  \iigrll,  ami  of  kIiIcIi  Iii>  wa*  sp|<ollilL-il  t.liiign,  Tliii  cviii|iiin}' 
wHn  uhiicIkJ  [II  tho  rpsln)''''!  c«runi«ii<1<'il  hv  I'oloiirl  l>anl«l  HirrVurk,  aiul  uiarctDMl  w  lili 
llio  rrflradil  to  Kiixtiury,  Hliirrr  II  riinicn)><il.  |>[|>ir  to  I  hi-  hulllc  nf  Itnnkpr'i  Hill.  Mr. 
(tInPT  waa  *nIiM-i|ii«>nltr<iiiiii>iU*t(>iiHl  (*h|<Iii1ii  of  aTvruiiiitiir  In  ilia  bm»>i><  cuullneiila) 
n'KliDvnl,  ct;'i<iinan(l«1  byCuloiHrl  Ifmrt  Aiijril.  He  Km*  ID  Uw  iKtIiMK  nn  l^mg  lalMid, 
Wlillr  riiiin.i.  nii<l  hi  uiImt  jilim-a  ill  III)-  vlrinily  oT  Not  York.  Ilr  wm  alMln  tlir  batik* 
at  liraniliwIii-F,  n<-r<iianiijwTi,  !i|irln)rlli'|il.  wlicrr  In-  wafu-uunil*'!.  I'url  Mrron',  and  Man* 
niDalli.  and  wa>  liutlt-d  with  llir  nrmy  ■(  MorrlikiirD,  tn  Ilir  wjolrr  of  ITTs.  Hb  com|MUiy 
iTiu  dctnilnl  Imm  \U  n-glim-ni  and  uiiarliHl  to  (irnnnl  I«ni}oltc'B  rainniMiil  In  VIr(tlii)M. 
unlll  Ihviilfiiti  of  ViirklnwM,  hIipii  Ii  rp>otnc><I  \\'<t  nifiln  nTmT.  Hi*  na*  Ihe  tint  Amprknn 
hlfiDil  *hr4  Kllhiii  Ihr  mloiihl  hr  mi  huliflii  ■ivlril,  iinal  ilir  Mrnund  Mr  rt'oiUrcil  ill  liU  arm  at 
tliBI  liiiifi  tH'i-iiAii>>  *u  iriiiilflrtitiiii-  Lii  1x11  iu  Id  n-ijiilrn  iiiil]iiiliilinii. 

tVMlv  tilll  iirir  U^tticldwii.  Jii'it-  1,  i;w.  111.-  WM>tc  tlic  rullonlnjt  Irltur  t->  Hr.  Jvlin 
JrlJ«k«,  of  Nurlli  I'rmSik-ncT,  it-icaluijc  [hi>4  |ir!tnliiiiit  ami  iirrM'itl  iiniU: 

"  I  liavi'  tiiil  liuil  till-  [ili'iiiurc  In  lirar  ritiiit  you  •Iiirp  I  Irfl  Iiiihjp,  lltl  lij  IJoloiivl  Olnvj, 
will  nrrlro'llix-n  lust  fvriilBK.  and  jainlipmon  iinlrtmal  mtl-hicli'iii  to  ilir  T*«lttiriii 

t<Njwvllii|C  ■III'  itirprrdntloii  moni-y,  lhuii)(i]  •oiii-p  liLia)[lni-cl  Ihi-lr  iliir  nu  mum  >'»t  "Iwrli 
llia-y  n>iiti'l  till-  H-ltlniipiit  to  lir  inwli'  i^D  tli'-  ilTJrlPil  niIi->  ut  JU>(l<->'  wrri*  coiili-al. 

"  W'r  liiivi-  Uod  u  ti-mnrbalilr  lltiit-  d  dronilit  tliU  vitf ;  na  liin|[i-r  Ihnii  ou«  day  |Nu<t 
lliiTF  HU*  ilii' KTi'Nii-'t  ]iri»|ii-cl  111' H  raiiiliir   I   ■•ii>r  MW.  bill  tliir  blp>*«I  ilioileT  w*  llBil 

y«-*ti'!ri1i>T  miiik-  iiiiiiir*  mill'-  niiiilu. 

"  1  liii'lii*!'  yim  a  iii-wi>jii4|ir-r  talilcli  jcl<<->  I  In-  nioti  utilliintli-  im-iiiilll  1  kliuM'  Df  CAItMTU- 
iiiK  I'liaili-'i'inn,  llirn-  U  a  linintlilll  of  Kti iiii'lr>n'*  from  Ni-n-  Yiirk,  ulilrli  iu«ntlo«a 
riiuriiilunii  IhIiik  iHLi-n  llii-  U'lli  ol  Mtty.  fU  j^urral  ofllMr*  Hnd  Ave  ar  »lx  llWHMBd 
Irunja  BUirviKli-ml  ihi-inac'lti-ii  iiTlwiii'ti,  liMtlng'  Jiint  iiliir  liuiiilnHl  iticii  In  liir  tUgr. 
?«liic  Uoit'l  lidli'Tf  l)ili,n<  llir  i'i->»i,-l  Itial  brouclit  IIif  iitw>arrl<T>l  lli«iU;r*  tlti-r  llivlowii 
wiu  liikrn  mill  itid  nut  lirliic  I  In-  |uiiMriilaii>,  iiu*  Iniiiiiil  li>  llnlilax,  hiiiIhni  uliHevd  to  |iUt 
Into  Ki*w  '^urk  [o  Iran-  a  niiniluT  of  iirUniirr*  vliv  liail  iTiki-n  ••n  l>i-r  i«>sa}C<'.  wlik-b  nua 
luil  Hiiirr  llion  tell  ilayt.  Il»»i'<rtr,  I  (tar  Ilii-f*  \t  too  uiiieli  it»m>ii  Itrbctkiv  lltr  ttiilli  nT 
\l.  1 1  •r<-iii>  inHlli-ri  an-  i-oiiir  imr  In  ■  irltl'.iiiiil  iii.-tvr  »■«  llii-  ri--i  llim  nl  c-ii-r<~  liiill- 
liiluiil  iiinri-  iiii-ili'it  tlinii  III  tliit  liiiii':  In  uvl  aii  nrint  In  llii>  lii-lit  el  iiiirwipnt  iiitiiiiM-ra  <• 
ill  t;i-l><-i'n'  llioilcliT  iiul  an  riwy  i»iitl<-i.  liUt  iiiiltM  I  ill-  ri-Milm  iif  <  Oii^rrt*  H  Itll  rr*|wct  To 
■iippl] liig  llii-iu  are  luorr  lUlclI}  cuiiiplli-il  wltli.il  will  be  uivrv  illflli-iill  lu  Im-ji  Ihi-ni 


OUR   PitKNCfl   A1.I.1KS. 


471 


Of  the  snrrciHtor,  several  iiccoituts  have  heen  written  by 
hold  French  and  American  officers,  who  wilnessed  the  scene. 
These  genonill_v  Iinrmonizp,  hut  in  siinie  dctnils  the;^-  diiler. 
IVrUiips  the  ruosi  fomplete  iinrrntivc  of  the  event,  the  cor- 
reetnoas  of  which  Trunilnili's  ivhilion  tiiutiruis,  is  to  he  round 


tojp<ili»T.  Ttu-  ufinv  liiin  Ihui  nmch  fcuiilrr  oT  provldlon  tlil*  y<«r.on«i  t«l«f  hnr  bimI 
»»iiwlliii>'*  'Hill  list.*  nil. iw«i,n-  .LiTt  Tlif  ullnwimtv  now  !•  cfKlit  Minna  oT  JKiril. OT 
twi'Ui-  of  ln'i'l.^iir  ■liit,iiivl  /nil  ullt>»»n<M- uf  lnvtul,  «>  hai*  rM^'l^crt  nn  poy  ■Itii* 
ItPvrnilitT.  Ilir  iiioix-y  ruJuiul  iHiii'/  tinitinlil  ninii-  tirtf  liiiu-l}'.  Our  rritlniirnc  l>ni> 
trliftVnl  riin-iri-uTi}  vrrll  ■Imrp  jii  i1i[>  ■■■■]Mrlinpnl ;  liavt-  atuuit  a  tprf  (cttrrr  wliitrr  Willi 
ii«t  riiorv  iliiui  iiiM-  Mnnkrl  t«  ttiriT  mm,  na  niatiy  >litrt>.  Iiall  u*  mniiy  *liuc9,  lli«  i»ifv»r*»i 
nmiripr,  iiitil  ui  iimiijr  [ihIt*  nf  t>m'«-lir<;  all  llil>  ntltli  h«il  fm  mniiilaltiU;  not  m»aj  lMv» 
■  ilroTiiil  nr  tiTii  t>»ill>lK«l.  •o  milfti  bUliT  W«  Hfv  lictt;  lltflll  Ht  liOWC.  I  Imp"  our  »l1it» 
wIIIhihII  tli<-iDti'l<i»uir  IliUllniif  in  llic^ i-ur  lu  (irutiilc  llii' Itixiji*  villi  MaiiliTlii  whpB  111* 
IlillBbirniitii  ruTi  ipan*  tlivin,  If  nrf I  niii  bI  A  tu**  to  i1i-Ii;!tiii1i>i<  tvlial  I*  lUr 

rwKMiniiiir  Hnnt  U  ■<>  ]Kiorly  -nppliiNl;  univat  bdivvv  it  b  «w1dk  ulioicttlitr  in  tlif  pm- 

<"rlr  of  OUT  iWlinlry,  bnl  1"  (lie  iir^'livl  of  mime-  puliUt  iiHlaTu;  11  hitiiu  llirrr  'iiiitlil  10  1i' 
'■iiMi'  tipM  |>tHi>  aiiil  ti.Pi.1'  roniii'il  111  -iii'ijurl  lln'  ([I'lHoun  miiv  of  Aiiif-rlra.  Tin-  Kri»ii-nli 
I1«-t  ni«y  b*  loo  Intf.  ilitd  nr  ni>l  ixincu-il  Uit-in  In  (-oihiiili  uU  iiur  cnrml»  la»t  Tall  llii-n? 
Wnlllil  tiAvr  brrn  nciiiir  riiitlrr  |iiiiiJ>tnii  iiiu>1c  Tor  aniilliL-r  raliijialgii. 

"Hlnw  mliliifi  ihnalitiv*  \Uviv  l«  iiilHIijit-iiiv  (tuin  rlurlmowii  wliMi  mn  lie  dcpi-iMlnl 
niKio.  11  ('■ini'.i'  In  H  Itiit-r  fti*!!!  I'olctH'l  Launiu.  wUo  wiw  at  Wlirnliiffoo,  |o  one  nt  IIU 
^Ixn-lltnrv'ii  alili.  •Intnl  hI  tliul  I'lnct  Vtty  V:  ntiil  aurrlt  tlii'  plntv  »M  wfr  nn  Ihr  I'.lh. 
Tlw  piii'iuy  liiul  lakoi  Kurt  Mmillrlr  IUhI  (lay,  wlikli  i-a|iiliilul<Hl  iipiiii  laiiirabic  Irrlna, 
aflir  IiTlrr  Rti<il*<>ix  lli<?«iii~niy.  wtin  ai  la>i  rF.c-nrum'iI  m)  rtrunK  11  VinM  tliouitlit  Imi^nuiil- 
fiaMi-loki-rp  it  a»x  Iuiikit.  Tlitrr  Han  oKly  nliciui  ftlly  nuillm-iilnl  IrtHips  uud  ii  Tvn  uilll- 
ila  In  (lie  riiit'  liciirnLt  <  ilaluii'*  brigade  or  Vorkrr*,  nian-livila  r<twda;»  jta^l  [«r.\)tHinj'. 
vrtikli  iiliirr  it  U  miIiI.  IIiv  IndlHiiB  nnil  riitrinir,  tu  llic  nuinlii-r  Of  nine  liiindml,  tiatv  vnl 
w  lllilii  tlilrly-iLliir  mfW  of. 

"  It  I*  a  p'ni-ml  tini«  of  liMkltd  iliroiixi'uut  ili<-'  army.  I  wtinM  ^c  miKli  ob1J|ti>il  [o  yuu 
r<jr  a  r<-vr  iiiir'a  llir  lini  opiinrlunity  nrvunlntinic  int  wSlh  your  onii  «l»1  fninlly'i  wrirnrr. 
Make  my  nimi  rv>|>Mtful  i:iiiii|i1iniriila  tn  >ti>,  j.aii'l  KraiiilinnlliM  JeNcbii,  IT  rhuy  a/p  »rt 
iitlTi<,  wlileh  liiHl  irninr.    My  lnve  to  IJMiiiH,  Itufiiti  uad  all  tlit'  tllvnAs." 

.\ni-T  Ihv  tli'iir.  In  wtilcli  \\r  hail  l>n*»  luinoratity  ii>n>ptcuon«,  Itr,  al  Ilir  ajtc  oT  ivrc&ty. 
>DT>>ii  y»an>,  tr^tjiiinl  liia  oomnilMiuii, ai>il  n-iuinnl  Ui  IW  palrrnal  liuini-tii'ml.  In  nbkli  lir 
WH«  liort), and  ocfupicil  hlmutf  In  nira]  )nii-*ulM.  Hii  ira*  biBliiy  p>ii>ri[ici|  1orU\tpntri' 
allc  verrlci-i'.  and  for  nclglilinrly  rjuiillllci.  Fur  b1i»uI  Inriilv  year*  b*  N'prrMntt-il  III* 
nailni  ivwii  In  (tiv  Ovni-rnl  A«Fml>)y.  tli?  wa*  ali>i>f»r  iiiany  t*a»  I'rptlili'iit  nf  lh.i>  Town 
Council,  anil  hrld  allit-t  ar'poinlmpiiii  rrom  llic  town  and  tht!  titnti-  will)  abllllr  and  h«Dor- 
llr  itlEtl  NoTi-iubrr  ^1,  IkI?,  In  itiL'  iBVpnlj-clffhlli  ymr  uf  lili  ia|;v.  Hi»  runtral  laah  pla<« 
«li  lloiKlny.  .\iiTi'mli«r  ai'lli.  Ihc  Ittv.  rnximtk  A.  Fnrky,  uT  rroi'id«i««.  c«>ndu«ilnf(  Hn; 
M-rTliv.  Tlir  Rliiiir  maiklnji  lil^nTavr  hranalonianilniiprDiiriairlnKTipttoB.  "IIIa  luiniii' 
1* XalhrrtFiJ  l«  idic  lionoNd  trMWury  nf  Aincrtran  drad." 

Tha  rncnilahlp f«nntd  bf  t'Biiinln  iiliii«y  for  ■•r-jif.-rat  lAfajHir,  whUa  trr'\ag  uudtr  Mm, 
wanchrrliliril  by  biin  withniit  ulmltiiiriil  uitlll  Ihc- clostof  lir<r.  Tbc  rn»frlTix  Ofth*  lira  tu 
rmttitnnn-,  nhi'ii  l.afuo'tK- ■  lollrct  ill*  lown.  on  lili  lour  tlinmjtli  [br  ITnllwl  Slillw,  In 
IKM,  l«  rrmfinWrr'l  iMhiKlily  ■ITt'Ctlni,  by  [irr*oaa  ■till  tl>lti|t.  hIio  wllni-atrd  It.    In  com. 

I'llinvnl  In  lilm.  ai  F'n-aiilrnt  of  ii  1 k,  lil>  [lUHiall  ntt)  rngravul  ami  mnilc  tlic  oiiuunrnl 

vl  llvlrnitullnr  anli't.      I  lie  ]iMr|nill  "f  ['nptnlnOlnoy.  Jirlnlnl  db  iHgir  A*Vvf  llili  (oIqiiip. 

U  B  Mpy  Of  an  t-nlariccd  phixonnipli  of  Dial  i-iixravlnff.    Taplaln  Uln«y  wiu  au  urlitlDul 

■HMkbrr  of  Tli'  Uliudr  IiIhioI  S-icrk-ty  uf  tin-  I'inrlnnull. 


172 


ftllOItF.  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


in  Dr.  Jatnes  TliHtelior's 
Revolution."     He  eiiys : 


Milit]ii-y  .loiimni  of  tlic  Americtiii 


"At  abonl  twelve  o'clork.  Uic  comliincrd  nrmy  was  arjiw^cd  and  druwii 
np  In  two  lium  more  tlioii  a  mile  Iti  loiigtii 

"The  Anicrlciins  were  ilriinn  up  In  n  llnp  on  thp  Ti;rliC  aide  of  the  road, 
aofl  the  Fruiii-li  ocL-u|ilc<l  llie  IffT.  At  iliu  Iji-ad  of  t!i«  former  Ibc  great 
Aincrlcim  (.'ijn:]t9iiii)i.k'r,  iituuiittfil  on  lii*  noble  cotirM-r,  took  IiIm  Niatlou. 
nitcmlvil  by  lils  nWes.  At  llic  bend  of  lIi*-  Inin-r  wjis  poslvd  tlio  exccll«it 
Coiiiit  K<M;tiaiiil>(Miu  and  lil^  xultu.  'I'lic  Frunuh  Lrooi>s,  to  C4inpl«tv  un)- 
runii,  dbplaj'i'd  ii  innrllul  and  nubli;  iipiioamnci-,  ihvlr  band  uf  music,  of 
whlvb  tlio  LInibrel  ronnrtl  a  part,  was  n  <lt'llf;hirui  uovcliy,  and  produced, 
wliilc  inarcliiiig  to  ilic  ground,  a  niuitl  ODLhantiug  cBitct.*  The  AB)erl< 
caiiN.  tliuti^fh  mil  »11  In  untfurni,  nur  tliu1rilr«^s  5u  ncitl,  ret  vxlitblled  a 
aoMk-rlj  air,  uiiO  viury  counu-iiiitici.'  bniui<.'d  nKli  ^itisfuctitiii  and  Jnf. 
Thu  coMccmr!*t;  of  spcctalnrB  from  the  Ktmiar^  iras  tiruill^lous.—  In  point 
of  niiinbcr-*,  wns  pr.tbHlily  oq'inl  to  [be  tiiilliar}',  but  uiilvi-rsul  silence  and 
order  prevailed.  It  was  abani  twi>o'i.1oek  when  the  captlTonriii}'.iih'anccd 
tUroii;;b  Ibc  line  fiiniieil  for  tbclr  rw-Lpllnn.  Every  eye  Mas  prepared  to 
gaxe  on  Lord  ('orruvnllls,  Ibr  object  of  pf-ciili»r  Ititerrst  and  mdlelliide; 
but  liu  dl^apitolntc'd  our  »jixloii<i  cxpectatlonA.  I'retendlng  IndiH position , 
1i«  made  OouL-ral  0*H)im  til'  ^nb^titutc  as  tlii>  leader  of  lili»  amiy.  Tbls 
oJDccr  vtis  followed  by  Lbc  eomiuercd  troops  lu  a  slow  ntul  solemn  step, 
Triili  slioiitdert^rl  arms,  coloni  ea-ied,  and  druinti  beallns  a  British  mnreli.t 
Ilavin:;  arrived  riL  the  hciid  of  the  HiiL-.tienrrnl  (>~tlBrA,ek-;;anlljr  mounted, 
adVHiiccrl  to  [li4  Kxct  lli-iirj' the  Connnaiidtr-bi-l'litcf,  takhi;;  otf  hi«  bat, 
andapologUccI  fortbe  iiou-appfoniiie«  of  Earl  Coniwilti*.  With  tils  u»iinl 
Oisolty  and  pullteiie»9,  in»  Exeullcnc)  pointed  lo  Major-Gvnerol  Llucoln 
for  Ulrccttous,  by  nboin  tbv  army  uaH  conducted  Into  a  NpncJuua  fidd, 
urlier?  It  van  Intended  Uiey  t^bunld  iiruund  tbelr  arms-I  Ttie  royal  iroopji, 
while  marching  thron^tb  tbi!  line  formed  by  Ibc  allied  nrtny,  exhibited  a 


•The  Frptii:li."iTliorornii'it  ilic  Hght  wl"g.  Iwil  •onii-Hnip*  rictily  drrwHl  ■  liclduck* '  (tknef 
irrrtuMt)  In  Ilirlr  auhi-,  wlio,  bp|ii|c  wry  tull  nnil  hHiidnrniFiDcii.  prcMTitnl  ■]i)Hi>  ailHtilltiK 
apptHmiicr  In  titrlr  icald  NDd  •llvrr-iaM-il  llvrtk*.  All  ttic  (''rcncti  (iinfrnli,— r*niil  dr 
ItoclMlnbrmi,  UsrqiiU  ilr  IjijCkif-lli',  ('Auni  di-  lliMix>i'niir*.  nnil  I'rinni  di*  Ijtmiin, — min> 
KlIlldrInK  ■tura  ■iil  b«ilj[r>  iir  mllltarr  orOi-rt. 

■■  On  thir  rlglil  wing  of  •■m-h  Fti'iiHi  Trulini-nl  ww  j|i<irici-"iii'lj'  tmniiknl  u  tlrli  ilHiuUnl  of 
Hlillc  ■Ilk.  iflrti  thm-  golilcri  jfrur-t  tit  fii  Viiiihmiili'n-il  iMi  ii,  KcTi^nd  iIm>(*  *IWHlard* 
•toQd  Ihn  driUDinrrt  and  iIIi-t<.  an<l  hi  Tronl  «f  [livni  itic  band,  which  |>lay«^  ilrtl^rli  I  flatly. 
It  niiial  be  ci]iifi->>rit  IIihi  llir  Fri'iuit  UtMijia.  iiltogi-ilir-r,  1-iukrd  trej  wpil;  llir;  wprc  at) 
tall,  handtotiif  nii>n.  Thi-j  all  mir*  wlillc  iialliTi :  a  part  <j1  lliein  inn  «)ad  In  rod,  Whm 
alM  Initr^cn;  moft  orilicDi.  tiowtriT.  Hcrc  In  nhllt:  rrjritn<-iilsU.  Tlic  Grnuau  or  Akaelou 
n-iciiiii'iilt  luad  liluu  rrfhiiciilalii."— D(nrj(<[f'.?t7i;«iii(  John  C»nrnit  IJothln,  f^um  An'imtA 
rfSflmw'- 

VTlic  VV»r]tl  Tumrd  I  pclO^  Unrn." 

t  Till-  llrld  fin  nrliidi  lliv  ItitlUti  Inid  di.mii  Itii-lr  urmx  t*  ntmnl  i>ur  inltr  and  a  lialf  rrom 
Yorliio«~ii,  and  llii  iiiulli  or  tlir  mad  li  nilliif  iu  ||iui>]rlali. 


OUR  FRENCH    ALMKS. 


473 


k 


(leccDt  nnd  neat  appcAmnM,  tu  respccta  arms  and  clotliing,  for  their  cotn- 
maiider  opened  Iil*  store,  uiid  riirrcted  «very  soldier  to  be  fUrnUihed  wiih  a 
new  »iilt  complete,  prior  Ui  Lite  LvipItuULlon.  But  In  tlieir  mnrcli  ire 
remnrkcd  .1  dhnnkrly  null  utiKoldlerly  conduct;  llitrir  step  was  Irri'gnlar, 
and  tlivlr  ranks  frequently  ttrokvn,  Bill  U  wat>  In  Die  tM\\,  where  they 
cainv  lo  tlic  lost  act  of  llic  drnina.  thut  llie  spirit  mid  prUli'  of  lh«  Itrilluli 
Huldler  wci'G  piil  to  ihu  scverciit  test.  I[i:re  llieir  iRortlflcallon  could 
not  be  L'oiici'Blcd.  Some  of  the  platcwn  officer*  appeared  to  be  exceed- 
lni{ly  chisrlned  when  giving  the  coininnnd  '  grymiul  amtB,'  ■  and  I  niu  a 
wUnetiit  ttiai  titcy  porfonned  Ihla  duty  in  a  vtry  nnofllrer-llke  manner,  and 
that  many  of  IIih;  aohllt-m  n»niri--kl^i1  s  »rji;rii  tnaprr.  throwing  tlu'ir  urnis 
on  Kio  plltf  witli  vlidtncc,  us  If  drtrrnilncd  1<>  render  lliein  iim-leM."  TliU 
Irri'Kiiliirlty,  however,  wiis  checked  hy  the  authority  of  (Jem-nil  Lincoln. 
AfU'r  linvliijf  grouudL'd  tlicir  arms,  aud  divested  tlicmseli'uai  of  their  accou> 


> 


BntTuit  n^i-.  r4l>TVke^  at  TOKmwx, 

tfflU'Ollta,  th?  cnptlvc  troops  were  condnctcd  tiack  to  Vorkloirn,  and 
guarded  by  our  troops  till  they  could  be  rcmoveil  to  tJio  pluoi^  of  tiiolr  dea- 
Una  Lion. 

"The  delivery  of  the  colors  of  tlie  neveral  rejilments,  tweuty-clgbt  In 
number,  was  next  perfonned.  For  tlilH  purpose,  twcniy-eltflil  BrltUh 
raplalna,  each  bearlnt^  n  fln|:  In  n  caw,  were  dmwn  up  in  a  line  oppoidte 
to  Uiem.     At  a  dl.ttaiice  of  six  paces,  twenty-eight  AmiTitaii  SergeanLi 

* "  Ttu  Enirlldi  illipJaynl  inach  armiriiniw  and  lll-lniiDor  dflriOiT  lliti  ■nptanclinly  rvrr- 
moliy;  tlicy  pnrllcalBriir  aCTvcIrd  fivaX  conlcni|it  of  ibv  Amt-rleaiu."— A((in<:fe<tPif. 

"  Wlirii  iiur  4  •iliinrl.  lUniii  Si'ilioltirii.  tin<l  iiinrrlinl  liln  r(-|;iiiH'nl  Into  llir  clrrlr,  lie 
■■art  ■■■  druHn  up  hi  a  lliir.  4ii>]-fir,l  In  fmut  uf  li,  miil  rviiiiiiuiilfil  flt-*!, 'I'twiii  BmM" 
■aJ  tlicn,  '  \Af  ilown  onii*:'  '  I'ttt  uff  iwnnb  afi-i  -'luliiiliii-  Imin-i! '  nlillr  Iriinnn  liovra 
hli  dwck*;  idmI  vf  a*  ntcfi;  wrcvtof  TOw  Un.*— I>iieUii'f  Dlnrjf. 

60 


474 


RRODK  IStAKD  IN  THE  REVOLUTIOK. 


were  placed  In  line  to  receive  the  colors.  Ensign  Wilson,  of  Clinton's 
brigade,  tbe  jrounsL'st  cottiiii  tee  toned  orTIccr  In  llic  army,  (bdnK  then  oulj 
elgbteeoyeAn  of  B^c.)  was  appointed  by  {'alont'L  [1iuii.iUo»  ufflcecorthe 
dny,  to  contluct  this  Interesting  ceremony.  When  Wllsnii  gave  llie  order 
for  tlio  British  Captains  to  advnncp  two  pAccs  to  recelTC  them,  the  former 
hesitnted,  «nd  gave  as  a  rension  ihtil  they  were  unwilling  to  anrreoder  Ihclr 
flags  to  noD-coiiimUslonrO  ofDrcrK.  llsmlllon,  who  was  at  a  distance, 
observed  tills  liesitaLlwB.  and  rode  up  to  Inquire  ihv  cminu.  On  being 
Infomietl,  lie  wllIlDgly  epured  ttie  feelings  of  tUc  British  Captains,  and 
ordcirpd  En.t]gii  IVilmou  to  receive  them  himself,  und  liaud  them  to  Uiv 
American  8vrgcanta." 

The  royal  pn'sunerB  were  soon  sort  by  regiments  into  the 
interior  of  Vii^iiiia,  Maryland  and  rennsylvania,  to  be  pro- 
vided fur  tmtil  ditTcrent  arnrngeiueiitH  should  be  luade. 


TROOPS   SURItKNnERED,    VUHUEHS    KII.LKD    AND   WOUNDED. 

The  liritish  return  of  troops  surrendered,  ]>laees  tbe  uum- 
her  at  7,247.  Another  aecoimt  makes  the  gi-and  total 
11,800  ;  but  this  ineludca  2,(HH)  siiilnrs,  1,800  negroes,  1,500 
lories,  and  80  veitsek.  Tbe  military  chest  givun  up  con- 
tained £2,U3  (w  0<;  sterling.  The  ordnance  departuient 
Cfonipriscc!  7.1  brass  cannon,  IGD  iron  cannon,  morlai-s,  a. 
hirge  <tn.intlty  of  cartridges,  round  and  grape  shot,  a  small 
number  of  shells,  together  with  other  artillery  furniture  aud 
stores. 

The  rotonis  also  reported  7,794  muskets.  2'^i;,274  ball 
cartridges,  -J, 025  sabres,  8.*?  barrels  iind  f*it  half-barrels  of 
powder,  29  boxe»  of  musket  balls,  weighing  100  |>ounda 
each,  and  ;i4,2O0  musket  flints.  Besides  tliosc  were  24  regi- 
mental standfirds,  4  Dnlish  Union  flags,  73  Camp  colors,  a 
large  quantity  of  (quartermaster  itnd  hospJiHl  stores,  clothing 
for  at  least  1,0(H)  men,  mid  a  eonaideriible  quantity  of  pro- 
visions. 

During  the  siege  the  British  had  killed,  309 ;  wounded, 
120  ;  deserted  and  taken  prisoners,  123  ;  total,  .'i52.  Of  the 
killed  Mere  Major  Charles  Cockraue,  Aide-de-Camp  to  Ixird 


OrB  FRRNC'II   ALLIES. 


475 


Comwailii^,  Lieutenant  Campbell,  Lieutenant  Ware,  Lieu- 
tenant Guyon,  Captnin  Kerr,  Lieutenant  Fni*cr,  C'jiptain 
BhIIi  tind  Coumiissury  I'erkins.  Six  officera  were  wounded, 
viz. :  LienteuHnt  Lyster,  Lieutenant  t>unu,  Lieutonant 
Lightlinrne,  Lieutenant  Carson,  Lieutenant  Kolwrlson  and 
Ensign  Spmngenhnrg.  LicutenanU  L^'sler  and  Dunn  died 
nf  tlieii-  wounda,  Krcnch  loss, —  killed,  50  ;  wounded,  127  ; 
total,  177.  Aiuericun  loss, —  killed  27;  wounded,  73; 
total.  100. 

One  of  the  deeply  lamented  deaths  iras  that  of  Colonel 
Alexander  Scammcll,  who  was  taken  pnaoner  by  a  party  of 
horse  while,  as  officer  of  the  djiy,  ho  was  roconnoitcring  the 
ground  abandoned  by  the  enemy.  Immediatoly  after  he  had 
HurrcMidered  he  was  inhumanly  whot  l)y  one  of  his  captoiv, 
plundered,  and  in  bis  -wounded  condition  carried  into  York- 
town.  At  the  request  of  General  A\'afihinglon,  I^rd  Com- 
walils  portnittod  him  to  be  conveyed  to  the  hospital  at  WU- 
liamsljur;;^,  where  he  died  Octoljcr  Gtb.  Colonel  Scammcll 
was  tiorn  in  Jlendon,  Miuts.,  March  24,  1747.  He  studied 
law  with  General  John  f^ullivan,  was  hin  Brigade- Miijor  at 
Camliridge,  in  1775.  and  took  part  in  the  batlle»  of  Trtinton, 
Princeton  and  Saratoga.  From  1778  to  1781  he  was  Adju- 
tant-Cieneral  of  the  army,  and  at  Yorktown  commanded  the 
first  New  Ilampshirc  regiment.  Colonel  Scammeil  pos- 
sessed fluperior  military  ability,  and  enjoyed  the  eonfidcncc 
of  Washington. 

In  communicating  the  intelligence  of  hi^  surrender  to  Sir 
Henry  Clinton,  Lord  Cornwallis  wrote: 

"  I  hnvc  tbc  mortiHcftlton  to  inform  Vonr  ExceUcncr  tliAt  I  tinvc  been 
fbrced  to  Rive  up  the  postU  of  York  aiiJ  Qlouccslcr,  «n<l  Vet  aiirrcndcr  the 
troopK  unikT  iriy  coiiiinniiil,  by  capUnliitlun  on  llie  IStti  instant,  m  prlsoD- 
era  of  Tffu  to  thi!  coinblncd  toTcva  of  America  and  Frnnci!. 

"  I  never  saw  tills  post  In  ii  riivunil)k-  liglil ;  1ml  when  I  Rmnil  I  tm*  to 
be  attacked  by  so  potvcrrul  an  army  mvd  artillery,  uotlilus  but  the  hopes 
of  relief  would  have  ln<IiK'(d  oie  to  alK-mpt  ILs  dcfriiec;  for  I  would 
cltlii'p  Love  eitik-avorvil  to  v<icapL'  to  New  York  by  rnpUl  mnrrhcs  from  the 
Gloucester  &id<;,  liuini-dbtvly  on   tlie  arrival   of  Oencrnl   VViuMDg1on'» 


47« 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


troopH  ai  wmiaiiteburg,  or  I  would,  notwllhstamllng  the  dUparlty  of 
numhera,  IiAve  attacbefl  Uicin  in  tho  open  tld<l,  wlicro  It  nilgbl  hnve  b«ea 
Just  puMibIc  Lbftt  rortiinc  would  hurc  Hivorcd  The  jjnllantry  of  Ihc  handful 
or  troopji  under  my  coniinand.  But  being  •«!«urcil  hy  Yonr  Kxecllency*s 
lettt-rs  LhaL  evLTy  i<oi<hU>Ii-  uiciiils  would  be  tried  by  the  iitivy  anil  ftrinjr  to 
rvliuvo  us,  I  could  ii<>t  think  mysvlf  hL  liberty  lo  vvnture  Qpon  either  of 
Ihoav  dcsperatf  attempts ;  .  .  .  .  and  rvcclviof;  oh  Hid  Mcoiid  evcn> 
in;  your  luitor  ur  iliv  2ttb  of  September,  tlini  tbc  r«llcf  would  salt  alxHit 
the  5th  of  Ocl<iber.  I  withdrew  within  the  works  on  tiic  night  of  the  Stfth 
orScptcnilicr,  hoping  by  the  labor  and  llrmiics^  of  ihr  >io]dlcr!i  to  protract 
the  defence  initilyou  coulil  arrlvt-.  ....  Undur  all  thfac  clrcum- 
KtuiicM,  I  IboiiKbt  It  wuiild  bnre  \n:ea  wanton  and  Inhuman  to  the  Inst 
degree  to  sncriflcB  tin;  livca  of  ibl*.  smnll  Iwdy  of  gidlnnt  Mdlvra,  who 
hiid  ever  hi'luivvd  with  no  nuicli  fidelity  nnd  cotirn;:i!,  by  eKposiog  Uieui  to 
nn  luttntilt  which,  from  the  nuinbcrs  aiKl  prfcnutionn  of  the  eiteiay.  covld 
not  fall  to  auccccd.     1  therefore  propoitud  lo  capLtnlnte." 

In  tbc  \cUqv  from  which  th«  foregoing  pxtmct  i»  niitd«. 
liord  Corn  wall  is  fiviilontly  intended  to  imjilyllml,  Itydoliiy  in 
sending  fonvJird  the  piomififd  iclief,  ^ir  lleniy  was  in  jmrt 
rt!sponsiblc  for  th«  siirruiidtir  of  Vorktown, —  an  inijilieatioii 
thiit  he  fts  evidently  uds  illl(lls[>o^Jcd  to  ncccpt.*  Of  Ihc  mcr- 
itH  of  the  ciisv,  a  Briti&h  critic  tbiu  !«peaks : 

'■  Our  pnrpo^d  l,i  Rnniclf^ntly  nnivvemd,  wlion  wc  .stnto  that  nccordlnK  lo 
t1to  showing  of  nil  parlien.  ii  ;;oolI  di'iit  or  blame  attaclica  both  tu  Shr 
Ili^nry  Clinton  and  Loi-d  ['ornwiLllU;  taL-Lwocn  mIhhh  thoro  dot.s  not  aeem 
t<}  have  rxi»l«d  Hint  ^tooil  feeling  mid  permnifil  :»iiilt.y,  without  which  It  is 
scarcely  possible  Ibnl  men  can  act  happily  ttiyetliei,  either  for  polUIca  or 
In  wur.  As  tu  other  iiiattcra.  they  took  the  turn  lieru  which  lliey  will  be 
forced  to  laku  in  alnio»t  all  dIspiiteH  of  the  kinii.  Tlie  n-icuds  and  partl- 
211ns  of  tbc  Gencral-lit-Cbk-f  assertt-il  thnt  h\n  ctmc  wax  uiado  out  to  their 
pcrfL-ct  sailsfActloa ;  tbc  admirerii  of  Lord  CornwAllIs  coutcndcd  that  hts 
vindlcatlou  wjw  cu[npletv."t 

The  ruprcsonUitiun  on  piigo  477  of  (he  gniTendor  of  Com- 
wnllis  is  copied  from  a  ha-s-nUrf  whidi  drnanicntw  a  nionnrnun- 
tiil  vase  presented  hy  tho  Xatiotinl  tiuards  of  Franco  to  the 

*  Tilt- flMt  lirliigliigrrlirr  HTaMltlnliieil  ftl  Xcw  York  (or  Kliatrr.  aliil  did  not  rriuh  Uia 
ciilrunm  to  llip  i'l»-»priikt'  iinill  Bflcr  iIip  ■.■njiliuUilmi,  uitd  of  roiirw  llie  hope  of  rorn- 
waill»  otii]  the  i-xp>ttHrlou  of  Sir  Kenr)'  W*'*  blulcd. 

t  Lire*  Af  nrliiili  MlJilnr;  ('•iiiiiiiNiiitrn,  [ii.,  IW. 


OCTB  FREKCU  ALLIES. 


fnmily  of  General  Ijafiiycttc  in  1835,  (he  hiiviiig  died  prior 
to  its  completion,)  in  rocognitioii  of  his  aervices  ns  their 
ultUwt  jind  first  Cienonil."  It  wm  dcsigiicd  l>y  the  eminent 
nrti-it  M.  Fuucoiinicr,  and  sippciifH  to  have  been  suggested 


liy  nn  ac<!Oiint  of  the  siogc  related  hy  an  old  American  miI- 
dier  to  M.  Levasseur,  while  in  Yorktowu  in  1«24.  M.  Jules 
C'locpiet,  in  whoso  "  Itecollections  of  the  Private  Life  of 
General  Lafayette  "  the  engiaving  appears,  says : 

"The  aaihor  of  the  txtt-nlii/ hM  chosen  n>r  hlit  reprcscntntlon  tlie 
iDomeDt  wh«ii  General  O'Har*,  hat  In  hand.  dcUrcra  tlio  sword  of  Com- 


■  The  InurtlUft  mrt  four  ia  uumlH-f.  Tlw  «Molid  rrixvaciiti  Larnrctle  ttikXag  Mut  clvlo 
obIIi  (a  IW  Frcncli  Keilrralloii,  .lalf  It.  liW.  Xi»  tlilrO  n't>retDiiii  iIib  niunicnl  mlim 
I^ahiyHt*  tttiA  tlw  Dulu  wf  (.■ririn*  [LouU  Phllllpei  uullu  liumli  on  ihr  it*t>«  of  tbc  Hold 
ck-  VIlLi',  .liily:^),  ino.  Tlw  fouilb  rrjin-K-UU  llin  dUltlliutiou  af  Clit:  4(iiiid*nU  la  llw 
NmJoimI  Giunb  of  r«rl*,  Aufusi  ai,  IMO. 


478 


RHODK  ISLAND  IN  THE  REVOl.DTrON. 


w«llb  to  Waslilntrlnn,  in  prencnce  of  Oeserab  RocbambCMi.  |jifajetL«. 
iind  tb«  Htiitt'  uT  tliu  itlllml  nrmltoi.  Th<^  Amrrlcjin  truopH,  snd  tlir  French 
^rfniiiUviK,  are  groiipeil  bcliluO  the  bUIT.  tbplr  Hags  uiiHirlwl  and  floatiog 
111  thu  wltid.  Thv  fxprossiDD  of  sliame  apd  despair  niiy  be  ri^marked  in 
tltentllrudi;,  anil  In  tliu  cDtitiU'nuuc(;8  of  tbc  officers  wlio  followed  tienoral 
O'llani.  In  tlio  forc^roiinct  of  Iho  picture  Is  nvcn  nii  Amertcaa  ofllcer 
raising  nnd  mipporilnfcnn'ou tided  mnii,  who  HcemH  to  forget  hb  auftbrinise) 
111  Ihi;  Lrliimph  of  hU  country,  ricws  of  nrtlllcry.  mounted,  or  brokou, 
nnd  overthrown,  an*  alxo  observed,  and  In  tLc  backgromid  Is  perceived 
the  tliy  of  yorklowu." 


This  piedire  is  here  presented  as  one.  of  several  ulcal 
rcprescutalioiis  of  tlie  auiTemler.  As  mentioned  clsewbere, 
llie  Hword  of  Comwnllia  was  received  fruui  Goiienil  O'Hiira 
liy  Ocncr.lI  Lincoln,  nnd  not  by  Washington.  Another,  nnd 
«  more  elaborate  print  of  the  sun'ender  scene,  from  a  draw- 
ing hy  M.  Bnrlijor,  pnintcr  to  tlio  King,  was  engraved  by  M. 
Ponce,  engraver  to  le  Comte  d'Artois,  and  was  published  in 
I'nris  by  M.  Godefrey.  That  is  also  somewhat  ideal. 
Original  impressions  arc  now  rare.  Tlio  only  copy  I  have 
seen  is  in  the  collection  of  Henry  Thayer  Drowne,  Esq.,  of 
New  York.  Undoubtedly  the  cnj^rnvini^mnde  from  Colonel 
Trumbiiirs  fatuous  painting  of  the  surrender,  now  in  the 
^'ale  College  collection,  is  the  most  literal  and  reliable  in  its 
grotiping  and  details  of  any  that  have  bocn  published;  ani> 
it  is  this  that  I  have  chosen  as  an  illtiistralion  of  my  text. 

The  central  figures  in  the  foreground  of  the  steel-plate 
engraving,  opposite  to  thi^  page,  ure  (icnend  Lincoln,  on 
horee-back,  and  General  O'Hara,  standing  near  him,  ready  to 
deliver  up  the  swoiil  of  Cornwallis.  Ituhind  General  O'llara 
are  two  of  his  aides-de-camp.  A  little  in  the  rear,  and  on 
the  left  of  (leneral  Lincoln,  Washington,  mounted,  bee 
taken  his  station.  The  officers  on  the  right  hand  of  the 
engraving  are  Americans  ;  those  on  the  left  are  French.  On 
the  American  side,  the  first  four  officers  on  foot  are  Colonel 
Nicholas  Fish,  of  Xew  York ;  Colonel  Walter  Stuart,  of 
Pbiliidelphia  ;    Colonel  John  Laurens,  of  South  Carol i ttn ; 


1 

1 


OUR   FRRN(-II  ALLIES. 


47!> 


and  Colonel  Alcxiiiulyr  IlfiiiiiltoH.'  'riio  ofiiL-crs  tnnunttxl 
arc,  in  consecutive  order.  (_'oIonel  Timothy  Pickering,!  of 
Mflssflcliusetts ;  Lioulenant-(  'oionel  Ebenezer  HuntingtoD. 
of  Connecticut;  Mnjor-GenenjI  Henry  Knox,  of  jVIassHchn- 
sette  ;  Ocncnil  Jolin  Peter  Gabriel  Muhlenlmrg,  of  Penusyl- 
viiiila;    GcQcml   Edward  JIand,  of  Pennsylvania  f   (TGnenil 

■  Tlic  Djuuc  or  AJ^xandcr  UunnioD  ft  InwparBbly  iiMOclBtnl  wirh  llial  ot  Wwhlnilan, 
lU  «ne  or  Ihc  riiuiiilm  of  (be  AmrrlcDii  Rrpublli?.  Vo  on*,  joTliap*,  <lli1  »o  much  to  ih"!* 
th*  Tarn\  snit  rliamrlrr  of  tlie  Korrnimrnl  In  tt*  cwly  daji,  and,  al  Clic  end  ot  a  »Dlury, 
Ilia  tieiva  i>n  niiuncp  and  niunurni-iiiri'*  &ir  liHtl  Iv  he  t<»rtilia1l}'  wiuiiit.  At  n  Kifli-ral 
Jnwbri  lie  Mlelclcil  ■  poirni  Influrncii.  ■.□(!  I>1>  wrlOnjca,  viiicclHll)  lliiiwe  in  the  "  >'rilvrallii|," 
■I*  nnvr  ran-iuUj  iiurllH  by  |icrii>i»  Irili-iidliig  to  ptittr  itie  ■irun  iif  pulllln.  tll»  trrvloF* 
diirloit  llif  Jlnolultonnry  war,  (iilllturi  HO'l  cl^ll,  wcit  hitIh-iI  8)ii1  iiiijKjrToiil.  nnil  ai>  llif 
rDnllilrntlnl  nilTlnr  of  Wa-Iilnjcluii.  he  wu  pnidvut  and  n-iw.  lit  IodI:  purl  ill  Ilit  (cctiei 
or  LoDjt  liJuud.  Wlilli-  rinint.  Tmitun  and.  >Ioiiiiiuut)i.  At  Itn-  ilrKr  of  Vorktuwu  lir 
Mtttmaiiilci]  n  tiaiiiiUiiii  u(  iwv  tiuiiilrml  Nt-U'  Viirk  iroopf.  Hl>  cwurotc'^  ""'^  •ucei.>»«  In 
■roniiftij;  cine  nT  tin;  vii^^iiiy'ii  ri-ili)ul>U  U  reconlnl  on  a  prce«dlnt[  i>a£c  After  li-afinf  tlit 
amiy  lie  aluitliil  hiiiI  I'Mgugcil  in  the  pradlra  of  Inw.  Hr  illlMl  muny  Imparlmil  publk 
iMcf.  A«  thf  ilrd  Secmntj  vf  llio  I'mtury  uf  lUr  UnlK-d  MaK»,  he  cxIilWtdl  tlir  -fMi' 
•lliiri'rnincnl  of  a  tb<irDii)[hl}riialnr<l  irnirtman.    In  ]r'«,(Vi|<iD»|  Hamilton  niarrW  Ktiaa- 

Iwlli  !-chuyIrr.  iIdijkIiUt  nf  (ii-iifntl  rhlll|i  Srliuylrr.  tn  [MitltlM  li»  W'lu  op[Mki>»i1  to  Auron 
[lurr,  and  (puke  af  lilm  n*  ■■  n  Oancvron^  mnti  Bn<l  uiilll  to  he  irufli-d  vrllli  pODer,"  Till" 
polllll^l  lio*IlllTy  Ird  To  n  iliii't  wllli  Ulirr,  tiy  wliuni  ItauillloD  mw  iiiurtnlly  nuuiulrd,  July 
M.  1KH,  nnJ  lio  dinlilii*  rnlli'wlnit  <1uy,  lauii^dlt^  liy  llie  «illre  rwiintn'  ll  wai  ■  wiil  li-r- 
niliiullmi  iif  n  nobk'  life.  Colirnfl  lljiiiiiltcrii  wa«  tlir  ton  oT  Jainp*  Ilamlllon,  a  .>><otcll 
mmlianl,  ami «»  born  in  Xciit,  om-  of  tlir  Weil  India  Ulandi,  .Uniuiry  11,  irj." 

t  I'oloucl  TlmoTli}  l*[i-k'-rtli)|  «■••  liiiin  tii  Siili-m,  Mm*.,  July  IT,  IN.I.  n«r  wa*  itnlilualnl 
■I  Marvanl  Vnliar^lty  Iji  l?t3.atll(llrd  law.andwiu  iidBiIItM]  to  thebarlD  I'UH.  IIU  Intel ■ 
b^liiul  rnilowiii'itts. rarrgf  of  diaractiT. oiiil  interest  In  public  affaln,  hioii  iiiailr  lilm  a 
IraitpT  III  tliu  alTairi  iif  hi*  iiUitlve  «iunty  iini]  a(  the  ntnli'.  Flv  wa*  u  Culunel  uf  inltllla, 
anil  Ki-bruHTy  'X.  ITOi.  pret^nicd  tti«  lirltbiti  lalfmi-l  l^ttlr  ftam  eroulnjt  lli«  dran-'briilg*- 

lu  SmIviu,  for  the  piiq»ip  aT  urUlng  wimi'  mllllBry  Uatvt.  lie  lielil  llic  altrtt  of  lli!gU[*r 
of  liri-il*,  jQilgc  ur  Oil'  t'cturl  uTCuinmoTi  I'lra*,  and  igle  Jintjipaf  tiro  Mlddl*  IdMHct 
Bfaritlmc  Court-  'the.  Iloalon  I'ciM  Hill,  in  1771,  itrrff  fKiiii  him,  in  tx'linlf  «f  the  dlUpnit 
of  ^-ab'iii.  on  Bildrwu  to  niiii-riinr  liHff.  Ilr  wan  >  itii-tutH-r  of  iIih  t'i>iiinill(i-B  of  Cum-a- 
[■nnilrnf^ ;  and  In  iTTfi.  at  ili«  hca'l  of  a  rcflmcni  Jaliird  WasliinKloB  In  Kew  Jurw-y.  am) 
pad kiiwtt-i]  ill  llir  Iinl1li'*<if  ItrHiidynint  and  tii-rnianluivn.  la  1777,  hr  waa  made  Atl}U> 
laiil-drhrrHl  of  III*  army,  vra*  a  iiirnilvi-r  (if  ll«  Hignnl  of  War,  nnd  la  l7M,iuciCM<il<<d  tJMi* 
cral  \iiiltntiarl  r.ttrtie  as  ijuprtcrmiuteiGctiiral.  In  tbii  capacity  he  lerreil  at  York- 
ton-Q.  Attrr  tlir  war  liir  tuuk  up  lili  midrncp  In  l*liilBdel|iIila,«nd  ntiavpienlly  ■rtllnl  an 
aoiiic  Willi  laoili  In  l.uzi-rnr  cauniy,  t'tUDivlv anla.  IJe  wni  a  drk-nic  (o  111*  9tal>  (nn- 
Ti-allun  for ninaldiTlng  till-  1  nitni  State!  I.'niiilllulion,  nlid  adinralnl  111  ailaptlilu.  lit 
hold  tiiHVMlvcly  till-  nlDcfv  iif  raiim an«r-0*fi*ra] ,  Saorotary  of  War,  anil  ^ecrotary  <if 
hiatc.  In  \i*'\  lio  n-lurned  to  hal4-n^,  anil  waa  nwda  CbhsT  Juillw  of  Ihc  K«i«x  Couaty 
Court  i)f  Cuniniun  t'lpii*  lie  win  I'lilteil  Stain  Senator  from  1M3  to  1^11,  a  iiirniljcr  of 
tha  Boui]  of  Vi'nr  frum  181.'  tu  txl.'i,  and  a  Kctaber  Of  CODfTvaa  from  InI-'i  to  Ihl7.  Ai  a 
l<adM  of  Ui«  I'cder&l  parly  be  wu  uciiVD  and  elBfil«iit,  &ad  hh  political  wrltlCK*  JtrrXIr 

IiitliH-nivd  public    H>nliiiiF[il.      Cutonrl   riokering  wai  wno  vf  tLi>  futni'lerv  bf  tJir  Kurx 

Airrtculturnl  i*oelel?*,  oail  fur  IcO  yean  wa»  It*  rrctldeut.  He  owned  an  ninti'  In  tin?  town 
nf  Wi-ntmm,  ami  llii-iv  Intrndii'cnl  Ihi^  Lanh  as  un  ariiamFiilel  tree.  Hr  died  Jaonarr  SV, 
Iwv,  hiinonil  and  IrV-loviil  by  lili  (VlluwelllEeni.  In  IMIT  lila  Life  ihhI  WrIUng*  wat  pvb- 
luiwd  by  tilt  ton,  Ilie  lals  <>cl»«ltM  fUfctflUit- 


4d0 


EHODE  ISJJi,KD   IN   TI[E    ItEVOLUTION. 


Aiitbmiy  Wiiyne,  of  rcnnsylvimiii ;  General  ^lonluciii  OUl, 
of  Maryland  ;  Majoi--Geueral  James  CHiitoti,  of  New  Vork  ; 
Cttlonel  .lolin  Tnirulnill.  of  Coiiiu'clicut,  Sei-ix-tury  to  Gen- 
eral Wiishington  ;  Licttteimiil-Ci)lnnel  David  I'olili,  of  Maa- 
siichusetts;  Major-Ovncral  Ikron  Steut>en ;  tbe  Marquis  dc 
Lnfnyetto  ;  General  (Governor)  Thonins  Nelson,  Jr. ;  and 
in  llio  distance  (a  small  fig-iirc)  Lieutcnnnt-Colouel  Kbcncxcr 
Slevuuri.  of  MiiS!>a(.-liu»t;tt6. 

The  French  officers  drawn  up  opposite  to  Iho  Aincrienns  arc 
as  follows  :  The  tirBt  three  on  foot  are  ('ount  Denx-I^onts, 
tbe  Duko  de  l^uval  Montmorency  and  Count  C'ustlne,  Colo- 
nels of  Infantry.  The  next  in  order,  mountc<l,  are  the 
L>ukc  de  Lau/.un,  General  Choisy,  Viscount  Viomesnil,  Ibe 
Mimjuis  de  St.  Simon,  (-ount  rerscn,  Count  Clinrles  Dumaht, 
tho  Marquis  de  CUii»teIUtx,  the  Baron  VioDicsnil,  the  Count 
do  Barras,  and  the  Count  de  Gmsso. 

COURTESIES   TO    THE    VANQUISREn. 

Waflbingtcni.  Koebamboau,  and  tho  American  iind  French 
officers  general],)',  took  t>pecinl  pains  to  extend  such  socJa.! 
eoui-tcsies  to  the  Ilrilisli  Coraniandcr-in-Chfef  and  to  his  offi- 
cera,  as  would  tend  to  soften  their  chjigrin,  .and  to  place 
them  nt  ease  in  their  altered  condition.  Cornwallis  appreci- 
ated these  attentions,  and  sjHike  of  Iheni  in  ;^towin^  tcrnttt. 
"The  treatment  in  general  that  we  have  received  from  the 
enemy,  since  our  surrender."  he  wrote,  "has  been  perfectly 
good  and  proper ;  but  tho  kindnes.s  and  attention  that  have 
been  shown  to  ns  by  the  French  ofliceis  in  particular,  their 
delicate  Hcnsihility  of  onr  eitualion,  their  jrencrons  and 
pressing  offer  of  money,  both  public  and  prir-ite,  to  any 
anioinit,  ims  really  gone  beyond  what  I  can  possibly 
descril>e,  and  will,  I  hope,  make  an  impression  on  the  heart 
of  every  officer,  \vhenever  tho  fortune  of  war  should  put  any 
of  them  into  tmr  power." 

The  English  soldiers,  however,  did  not  affect  concealiuent 


^ 


OCTR   FRENCH   ALLIER. 


481 


of  contempt  for  (heir  American  ouptors.  They  shunned 
intercoursD  with  theui,  Mbile  tliey  lived  upon  terms  of  inti- 
miicy  with  the  French.  "After  the  surrender,"  says  t'hHt>- 
tellux,  "the  ICnglish  behHved  with  the  fame  ovcr-hcuring 
insolence  hs  if  thoy  had  been  eomiuerora  j  the  Scots  wept 
bitterly,  while  the  Germans  only  conducted  tliemselves 
dw-'ontly.  and  in  u  manner  becoming  prisoners.  With  a 
mennness  always  attendant  upon  vjinijuit'br-d  insolence,  the 
English  sen-ileJy  cringed  to  the  French,  vainly  attempting 
tu  screen  Ihe  dis^rmte  of  twing  contjucred  by  those  they  had 
so  often  denominated  AmoricJin  rcbcU,  and  repnbliirans." 

That  ConinalliB  should  have  inclined  more  headily  to  the 
French  Ibun  to  the  Americans  ]s  not  surprising.  In  assooi- 
Iting  H-itli  llio  former,  no  niemuries  of  cruelties  were  awiik- 
-ened  to  rentier  social  intercourse  embarrasising :  but  where 
the  courtcflics  of  the  latter  were  tendered,  recollcclions  of 
sceces  of  military  severity  and  discourtesy  In  the  South, 
with  wliifh  bis  name  had  been  identified,  inipai-ted  to  each 
friendly  attention  the  complexion  of  a  rebuke. 

Next  to  the  humiliation  of  eurrendoring  his  army  was  the 
mortitication  of  being  required  to  yield  up  hit*  swmv)  to 
General  Lincoln  instead  of  to  \Vae>hi[igton  or  tr*  liocbam- 
beau.  This  was  a  swift  rctriliution  for  (he  treatment  of  the 
gallant  defender  of  Charleston,  whose  sword,  as  a  prisoner 
of  war,  Cornwallis  bad  received  eighteen  months  befoie. 
When  Was^hiuglon  decided  iliat  "the  same  honors"  should 
be  granted  to  the  surrendering  army  "  as  were  granted  to  the 
garrison  of  Charleston."  bo  rendered  a  simple  act  of  justice 
to  General  Lincoln,  and  in  a  manner  not  obnoxious  to  con- 
demnatory criticism. 

The  day  following  the  impitulation,  the  French  officers 
and  seamen  visited  the  English  vessels  in  ibe  river,  and 
hoisted  the  Frcncli  tb^;.  On  land,  at  the  water  Imttcry,  the 
American  standard  was  unfurled.  So  soon  as  arrangements 
could  be  made,  Loi-d  Cornwallis  and  his  principal  officers, 
having  given   their  paroles,   dc[mrtcd    from    Vorktown    for 

61 


482 


RHODE  ISLAND  IX  THE  REVOLDTIOK. 


New  York.     The  parole  given  by  Lord  Corawallw  was  in 
tbc  fulluwing'  words : 

"  I,  Chftrtw  Eari  Comwdllln,  I-lcut^-nniit-fteneral  and  cAtniDAndrr  of  Ilis 
BrlUnick  Mujcstjr's  forces,  do  Jlcknow1t^(lgc■  myself  a  prisoner  oT  iviir  to 
the  Unltv<l  filrite*  of  Amcrltu.iLnd  tiuvlu^  pi^niilioilun  fVotn  llln  Kxcetl«nc>' 
Gpiiuml  WfiBliluyioii,  Bgrcfjiblo  to  caplmlullop,  to  proceed  to  Nnv  York 
iiikI  Cliarlu^toirn.  or  clttier,  and  to  Kurope,  do  pl(3dce  my  fnltb  nnd  word 
of  honor,  Umt  I  will  vol  do  or  say  Anything  iiijuriouii  to  the  luiltl  United 
StntcA,  or  nrmlc.i  thoreor,  or  rhrlt*  alllea,  until  duly  exchnnKedi  T  do  fttr- 
tliLT  promise  llial  wlicncvcr  rcquirrd  by  titc  Uommniidcr'innhler  of  the 
Amcrlcaw  array,  or  IId-  CuniinlsHnry  of  prUnners  for  Wie  same.  I  will 
ri-pnlr  to  such  pince  or  phicvs  lis  tb<.'y  or  vltht-r  of  tlioiti  nitiy  re>*|iiirc.' 

"GiTun  under  my  hand  ut  Yorktown.  38tb  day  of  CM:tobf)r,  I7SI. 


L/iTT^-^^i^'Z^^^ik 


Among  the  poetic  pfTiision.s  in!i.]inT<l  hv  Ilio  ciiiilhititliun 
was  the  following,  from  an  unknown  pt'U.  It  was  piildishctl 
in  the  "Frooman*8  .Toiiriial,"  I'hiludulphiii : 


*C1iBr]mi,  Kurl  anil  Marfjiil*  CYirimBlIU,  w.r»«  born  In  1%n|[tBiii1.  nrci.«tnl»r  Vi,  17-**.  II« 
WU  educated  ul  KUm  nnJ  mmt'rldiMT,  mlrrrd  Itir  army  im  n  CapTitin,  and  9MT«i1  uAldc* 
de^'cmp  tu  LunI  (itniilij'  in  tlic  (iiTiiiiiii  ('ani|ialfln  of  irCL  Ai  a  int'tnbiT  i>r  t1»  Ituosi  of 
txin]>,  lie  oppuH-J  the  niniiiir«^i  Hint  led  lo  i)iv  Arocrlrnn  mtr,  bnC  nrtiTwRrdi  ni-vrpiml  a 
rammanil.  knil  in  \"fu  lu  Miijnt-CirnrFal.  look  ixu-t  willi  Xir  PrtiT  TArkcr  In  nn  uniuocow- 
fiil  ■uDiitl  upon  1 1i(iTli>ii[nn.  tn  17l4^H  wm  |irr-iH-nt  >l  I  he  raptiin-  of  ilmi  iMf.  Ill*  npr> 
nLil(m>  111  >i'ir  iior»«y.  lili'  dcFcHt  of  Uifitnul  (J»tM,  at  c'amdeD,  S.  ('.,  lili  t\\t.\\\  hj Irani aiti! 
ntcr  liciicnUiirr'i'dr  itl  (Jultr»nl,  aii>l  )ii*  Iniakltin  of  Viif^nia.  arr  Fic»t>  lui>  well  kuowa 
in  nw|iiirv  iitirmtliin  lii^n-.  Tli*  '*  ti»y  "  I.ariiferic  lirlil  Urn  In  clin'k  tn  Vlr)(<«'<n  itnlll  III* 
iuvcatmcnt  uf  Vurklonii  wu  InauKuratrd.  llr- waJ  Mutldrrctj  Ihf  aMf<t  of  tli*  ItrllOh 
lirMrrnli  111  Anirrim.  Iiiit  fur  rpnioni  aatljinril  in  tlit  tPKl  nriut  iiii>lilj>  l<i  copr  with  tlir  tklll 
uf  W«iIiiii|[lon  Bii'l  ICnrlinmlipiiii.  l[c  WU  H  ra*orIlirw1(1i  lic-«nc«  111.,  ami  nHpr  lili  Triurti 
I*  knicUnil  hr  rt*i'lii->i  tin-  ii)iirnliitin«iil  of  liijTcmur-'iviii'rul  hihI  CrmiiiiiiniliT-lnl  hlff  ol 
iiiilln.  Ili>  1TIU  tiiliM-iiiii'iiilir  iiiDilr  LuTil-l.ii'utvDaul  uT  Irrliilni,  and  lii  \^<\  mu  ajtala 
a|>Tiolnir>1<iov('rnor-OfiiiTrAloriijilla.   Ilcilinlai  (iliaiapiirr,  i)t>^tnber  Mhof  lliat  year.    Ha 

■tripilinlril  llx'Firiilyur  Aiitirn»,  niii]  lila  fnllliftilnmlolilii  pnitnlH  l<)iil|tu  )[.iiiflitl(1j>lanil> 
Inicoliivctluti-  inntir  to<wrl>lu  arlldc*  liylil'iroTcnintriit,  j^vc  Napoleon  a  lilgti  opinion  ^ 
iiiin  aa  "  iu  rrrr)'  Ki'DH-  »f  Ilii-  wnnl,  a  u  iirltiv.  ciuxl  nii<l  linni-al  nian."  Ta  llil*  l>^  adilcdt 
"  Jjtnl  rurnirnllit  )•  thp  line  Eniflliitiman  tlini  jtavp  (n«^  In  unort  (-amciil,  ■  htorablr  apln> 
Ion  of  Iil*aNtlt>u,"-^M>vfl'(^frc«/A>vJ<itn)ti.  j^.  V.iff. 

Lafayrltv.  vrrllinjt  to  li]«  wifr.  na^*:  "1  I>ily  I'lini  InrmrallU,  fur  whom  [  htrc  a  lUfll 
rvt[wct.  tir  I*  ktnil  (^ni'iif;)!  Iti  eitpreu  urnip  Mirciii  fnr  nin, anil  annr  iiavlng allowed  my*!' If 
lliv  pk'iunrr.  Ill  ihv  i'a|>IUilnU(in,  (>rnipa<rlniritwil]al1'llltk«  at  I'liiLrTi-vlown,  Ido  BOIlnlvflil 
tu  fasrf  my  vcnip;ati<»r  anv  fLirdicr."  It  i>  lobr  r«gnllt4  tliul  lili  rarrrr  In  tioath  CSTO- 
lltia  iliDiiId  liavc  bleniiitird  an  ollicririt*  faEr  mlBlan'  KpuUliun .  but,  "  ta  m  li  hunuw." 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


4S3 


"  fUvwell.  my  Lord,  in«jr  zephyrs  wr«ft  tliew  o'er 
In  buM  and  »ateiy  to  Uiy  native  bhore: 
There  aeolc  Burgaynu  and  wli  tihii,  lhoui;b  too  latv, 
ron  blamed  anwisdj  bin  inihiippy  ruu>! 
Tell  your  deluded  muuarch  tlinl  yoii  skb 
The  Iinnil  of  hiiivt-n  ii|)rai!»cil  Tor  llbcrly; 
Tell  your  exbau»led  nation,  ivtt  lln-m  true. 
They  caorioc  comjitcr  those  who  coiuiiicri-ni  you  '*• 


I 


Soon  lifter  the  smTcnder  nf  Yorktown,  niiil  het'ore  the 
Rhodi.-  Jshiiul  rt-j-iiiRMit  took  its  depariuiv,  .sevcml  soUiiors, 
who  hiid  served  in  it,  were  dis- 
charged, and  madu  their  joiiruey 
home,  fwm  Virginia  1u  Rhode 
Island,  on  foot.  Among  those 
was  Mr.  Xelson  Miller,  of  War- 
ren, K.  J.,  where  he  was  horn 
July  2S,  17.1.1.  In  making  this 
juiirney,  Mr.  Miller  was  more 
forhtiiale  than  some  of  his  eom- 
paoioiis,  Iteing  the  owner  of  a 
pair  of  t^lloes.  Bare  feet  in  the 
ariiiy,  nt  that  period,  were  no 
unc'oumum  sight ;  but  Ihc  difi- 
coniferl  of  travel  tii  that  plight, 
in  the  severe  month  of  Decem- 
licr.  was  somewhat  relieved  hy 
thoughts  of  the  "weleome  JKime" 
that  awaited  the  men. 

Mr.  Miller  iirst  enlisted  in  Captain  Sltni  Martiiidalfl'B 
company,  which  was  raised  in  Bristol  and  Warren,  in  May 
or  June,  177i>,  and  whieh  formed  ii  ])urL  of  Colonel  Thoniuii 
Cliiireh's  regiment,  in  August,  1778.  During  hia  sevenil 
enlistments,  he  participated  in  the  hnltles  of  Bunker's  Hill. 
White  Dains,  Trenttin,  Prinecton  and  Khode  Ii^hind.  In 
the  siege  of  Vorktown  he  shared  the  penis  of  his  compan- 

*  "  1  uu  cnnnut,  aif  l>orib,  you  cmiiioc  o>u<in»r  Auii-riu."— A«rrf  Ckatluan. 


Xkuok  Miu-kk. 


484 


RnOPE  ISLAND  [N  THE  REVOLUTION. 


ioD»  in  anii».  He  was  nt  lioiiie,  iti  Wurron,  wLen  the  British 
nmrelied  throiigli  (he  town  (May,  1778,)  to  destroy  lioats  in 
the  Kickemuit  river,  and  CiR-ajied  with  his  wife  niul  riiild 
into  Swnnzcy,  greatly  rcliuved  tbut  they  hiui  not  Iwcii  made 
prisoners.  In  the  winter  of  1777-7**,  he  w«3  with  WaKh- 
ingtou  at  Valley  Forge,  and  was  prei»eDt  when  ibo  ontire 
amiy  was  niiiHlci'od,  and  tho  Coinmander-in-Chicf  di!<flo&ed 
the  "Conway  ChIwI"  '  to  .siiperstrdi*  him.  Ho  dcscrihed  it 
ftH  "one  of  the  most  impressive  aiwiies  th.it  he  ever  wit- 
nessed,  and  one  that  he  should  never  forget — oflieers  and 
men  wept  like  childi'on."  .Mr.  MiMer  was  married  in  the 
spring  of  1776,  and  died  in  Bristol,  U.  I.,  ^larch  2,  1840, 
in  the  eighly-fifth  year  of  liis  age.  In  six  of  the  seven  yeara 
of  ihe  Ki'volntioiiary  \^'tir,  \w  faithfidly  served  his  conntry. 
The  silhouette  pre.scnti-d  nii  the  prccpding  jwigo  was  cut 
mora  than  lifty  years  ago,  and  is  pronounced  to  be  a  strik* 
ing  likeness. 


HOW   THE    NEWS   WAS    RErKlVED. 

WIxHE  fall  of  Yorktown  was  the  signal  for  an  onthurst  ol 
^5  joy  on  the  piirt  of  the  officers  and  sohliers  of  the  French 
and  American  armies.  The  fatigues,  exposures  and  fiitaU- 
llns  of  the  Hiego  were  all  forgutlcn  in  the  exliihinition  of  a 
grand  triumph.  "This  is  to  us  a  roost  glorious  dsiy,  l>ut  to 
the  English  one  of  hitter  ciingrin  and  disappointment,"  is 
the  i*eeord  of  Surgeon  Thiiteher.  "A  glorious  moment  for 
.Vmc-rica!"  writes  General  Knox  to  his  wife.  "This  day 
Lord  Corinvalli.s  and  his  army  march  out  and  pile  their  arms 
in  the  fi»ee  of  our  victorious  army.     ....     They  will 


•ADie,  p.  lax 


OUR  FRE>Xir  ALMES. 


4S5 


hnve  the  suinc  honors  iis  Llie  giirrison  iil  CharitfHlon  ;  thiit  iif, 

Ihoy  will  not  I>e  permitted  to  unfurl  their  t-olors  or  play 

Yfink'tf  Dnfitlh'."*    To  M.  Do  Mmirflpas,  I^afuyetf*  writes: 

"  Tlie  play,  «ii",  I*  ofer  —  aud  tlit  flftti  sd  h&»  Ju«t  closed ;  I  was  hi  & 
KOuivwhnt  ntrkwiirU  oituntiiju  duritiK  tliu  lirot  hcL;  my  heart  expciicDCOCt 
BTCHt  dellKlit  nt  the  nnol  one  —  aud  I  do  not  feci  tcss  plcMuro  In  cougrat- 

uUting  you  upou  itic  furtuiinte  ivunv  oT  uiir  vRiiipuiuu M.  do 

Rochanibcau  will  ^Ivc  yoa  n  MA  accniint  of  tlic  :iriTi,v  he  cmnnnuiils;  but 
If  llie  hnnor  or  having  commniirli^  Tor  fconie  lime  the  dlvlalon  of  M.  de 
St.  Siinou  givcd  luc  any  t\gh1  i*t  aptak  of  my  oblJ^iiotiK  to  th»t  ticnonl 
«Dd  Ilia  troops,  that  right  would  be  niucli  va]u«d  by  me." 

To  his  wife,  he  writes: 

"  TUc  close  of  thl»  eo.iiipui){D  Is  truly  brllUttiit  for  tlic  «Ulcd  troops.  Our 
movemenU  liavt  bevii  all  rcinnrkahlv  will  coinlilri{>d,  luitl  I  tnasL,  Indeed, 
be  dt(tU'«ll  111  plea.Hc,  wore  I  not  coinplctcly  «iil1sftc;d  wiili  ihe  cloae  of  itiy 
Virginia  clUEpnJgn.  Yom  must  have  Icami  nil  the  tronblc  tbnt  Lord  t'om- 
wall'ut*!*  tulenLit  and  ^iupct-lor  forcc-ii  gave  iiil-  — thv  ^od  htck  wo  bad  !□ 
regniniag  the  ground  we  lind  lost  —  nod  fliiolly,  otir  drawing  I.urd  t'orn* 
waltl^  Into  Ibc  very  position  that  was  iiect-Mary  tw  (.'iinble  us  to  cjipluro 
him.  I  count  as  nmou^  the  liappieiit  cpodis  of  my  life  tliat  lu  which  tho 
(llvhloii  ofM.de  r>t.  .SlniflU  remiitneil  nniti.'d  to  my  nmiy,  and  that  Jn 
wltltb  1  altcrimttly  comniauded  the  tlircc  I'icld-AIarshiLls,  nibb  thu  troops 
under  Ihtlr  order*." 


Tiiu'euiutioiis  of  Wushingtun,  at  tho  moment  when  ho 
placed  his  signature  to  the  conipnct  of  capitiilntion,  must 
have  liecn  highly  exultant.  To  him,  too.  the  lIHh  of  Octo- 
ber wiis  u  glorious  Any.  He  saw  in  it  tho  promise  of  a  near 
t>erminaliun  of  a  stnigglo  carried  on  for  six  years  to  win  the 
boon  of  freedom.  lie  saw,  as  in  a  vision,  the  ripening- 
fruit  and  ic-ward  of  that  struggle, —  a  Republic  founded  upon 
tho  prineipte  of  equal  rights,  destined  to  become  a  leading 
power  aninn«^  the  hationH.  If,  in  his  expressions,  he  was 
less  eothiisiiidtic  than  his  more  mercnrial  compatriots,  he 
felt  as  deeply,  and  rejoiced  as  heartily. 

"The  General  congratulntes  the  army  upon  the  glorious 
event  of  yesterday  !  "  is  the  opening  sentence  of  his  "After 
()rderH,"  issued  October  20th.     He  recognizes  "  tlie  gencr- 


48t> 


RHODE  I8LAKD  IN  TffK  RBVOLTTTION. 


0U8  proofs  whieb  His  Moat  Cliristian  -Majesty  baa  given  of 
hirt  Httrtchincnt  t-o  the  cjiuse  of  Amerioji,"  whicli  "  must  force 
conviction  on  the  minds  of  the  ojost  deceived  of  the  enemy 
relative  to  the  ^ood  i.-uiii^c(|iienee£  of  the  ulllBnce,  and 
in.Hpirc  every  citizen  of  the  Stales  with  sentiments  of  the 
most  unalleiable  gratitude."  lie  luknow ledges  the  eminent 
sen'ices  of  the  fleet  "  cominnnded  Iiy  an  Admiral  whose  for- 
tnnc  and  talents  insure  great  events,"  and  of  "an  army  of 
the  most  admirable  composition,  botli  in  oHicerH  and  men," 
and  reijiicHtj*  His  Kxrellcnry,  (.'niint  de  Koe]iamIieau  to  pre- 
sent in  his  name  to  the  regiments  of  Agenocs  and  Deus- 
Ponts  the  two  pieces  of  brass  ordnuoee  captured  by  them, 
as  a  testimony  of  Iheir  gallantry  in  stoi-ming  Ihc  enemy'a 
redoulft.  To  the  Ocneml  Baron  de  Viouiesnil,  to  M.  do 
t'hastelliis,  to  M.  de  Saint  Simon,  to  the  Count  de  Yiomesnil, 
ttn<I  to  Urigndier-CTencral  Choisj-,  bis  wamiest  thanks  are  ten- 
dered, "for  the  jlhistrious  manner  in  which  they  have 
advanced  the  interests  of  the  common  cause,"  nod  he 
entreats  His  Kxcellency,  the  Count  de  KocbaiuWan,  "to 
accept  his  most  grateful  acknowledgments  for  hi^  counsel  at 


all   limes.' 


The-   (tenenil's  thanks  to  each   indivi<inid  of 


merit  in  the  American  army  would  uompreUend  them  all,"' 
"but  he  fliinks  himself  bound  Uy  aflectiun.  duty  and  grati- 
tude'' lo  mention  particularly  Major-Genorals  Lincoln, 
Lafayette  and  Steuben,  "  for  dispositions  in  the  Irenehtss," 
and  lieneral  l>uj)ortuil,  t'olonel  Querenet.  (ienerul  Knox 
Hiid  Colonel  d'Aboville,  "for  their  great  care,  and  attention, 
iind  fatigue  in  bringing  forward  the  artillery  and  slorcfi,  and 
for  their  judicious  and  spirited  arrangement  of  them  in  tho 
panillcls."  He  likewise  thanks,  "  in  tlio  warmest  terms,  llis 
Excellency,  tiovernor  Nelson,  for  Itie  aid  be  has  received 
from  him  and  from  tho  militia  under  his  command."  And 
that  "the  general  joy"  might  be  diQ'used  "through  every 
heart,"  (be  General  jjjsued  an  order,  pardoning  and  releasing 
all  the  men  belonging  to  the  army  then  in  conlinenient,  and 
directing  them  to  join  their  respective  corps.     As  a  beeoni- 


OUR  KREML'fl  ALLIES. 


487 


ing  expression -of  gratitude  to  the  Almij^bty  for  "  such  reit- 
erated anil  iistoDishin<i;  interpnsitions  of  Providence i"  divine 
service  was  ordered  to  bo  perfoimed  in  the  several  hrigades 
timl  divisions.  These  ohservimtcs  took  place  two  clays  niter 
the  aurrender,  iind  in  them  joined  all  the  troopa  not  on 
duty. 

From  the  ronimencomont  of  the  si<'ge,  Washington  liml 
kept  Congress  apprised  of  its  progress.  The  moment  the 
enpitulutJDn  had  Iwun  settk-d  and  signed,  he  detipittchud 
Lieuti^niint-CViloiiel  Tilglitnwn,  Iiis  Aidi'-de-C!inn>  mid  t^onfi- 
dciitlnl  Secretary,  to  hiy  an  othciid  aL-coiint  of  it  hofurc  that 
body.  Delighted  with  this  murk  of  favor,  he  pointed  with  the 
ntmost  rapidity  in  discharge  of  the  pleiisant  duty,  spreading 
the  joyful  intelligence  by  the  way.  Yet  with  all  the  haste 
he  could  make,  the  journey  to  Pliilndclpliia  consumed  nearly 
or  quite  four  days, —  a  distance  now  oiwily  traversed  in 
eighteen  hours.  It  was  past  midnight,  on  the  2.^tl  of  Octo- 
ber, %vhcn  ("olonel  Tilghnmn  enlercd  the  city.  Miustening  to 
the  lodgings  of  President  AIcKean.  he  broke  the  silence  of 
tlie  hour,  by  knocking  loudly  at  his  door.  The  noise  drew 
the  attention  of  watchmen,  and  they,  mistaking  him  for  n 
"roistering  young  fellow,  who  had  bided  too  long  ut  his 
cups,"  were  nl>out  to  arrest  htm,  and  confine  him  in  the 
watch-house,  as  a  dJisturlwr  of  the  peace  ;  but  by  a  revolu- 
tion vi'  his  I'haraeter  and  business,  he  esejipcd  that  igno- 
nnny.  President  Mc^Kean  promjitly  appeared,  and  gave 
to  the  bearer  of  welcome  news  a  hearty  greeting.  Soon  n 
merry  peal  from  tlie  bell  in  tiie  belfry  of  Independence  Hall 
roused  from  its  slumbers  the  entire  population  of  the  city, 
nnd  rushing  into  the  streets  it  was  cheered  with  the  cry, 
"  Comwallis  is  taken  !  "  "  Cornwallis  is  taken  !  "  AVith  steii- 
toriuu  lungs,  the  wntchmen  joined  in  the  glad  acclaim,  and 
shouted,  "Cornwallis  is  taken  !"  One  of  these  night-watch 
functionaries,  a  patriotic  old  fJorman,  not  to  be  outdone  by 
his  associates,  with  great  uncrtiou  intoned  the  hour,  "  Basht 
dree  u'glock,  nod  Uoni-wal-Us  i^bt  da-ken  !  " 


RHODE    IBLAKD    IK   THE    REVOLUTION. 


As  quickly  »s  po»8ibte,  the  publUbers  of  the  Freeman's 
Journnl  iiisucil  itn  extm  »licct.  iascritiutl  iit  tiold  leltera, 
"HOW  AKK  THE  MIGUTV  FAULEiV:**  It  was  illus- 
trated with  Ibe  8e«l  of  the  Stale  of  Peniw.vlvnnin,  heuring 
the  lcg;end,  "Virtue,  I^ihcrty  and  IndepeiuU-tici;,"  under- 
neath which  wore  phiced  the  Arms  of  the  Hritish  Crown 
lK>ttom  up. 

At  an  early  hour,  Congress  met.  "The  despatches  ffoiii 
Washington  wore  read,  congrntulntory  speorhes  were  deliv- 
ered, imd  every  other  exprcstiiuii.  comjjorting  with  the  dig- 
nity of  such  a  stately  body,  was  given  to  the  joy  which 
filled  every  heart."  At  11  o'elock,  the  Vice  President  of 
the  Slate,  and  mcnihcrs  of  the  Council,  waited  upon  the 
President  and  member*  of  Congress,  and  npon  the  Minister 
of  France,  to  congratulate  lliem  upon  the  triumph  of  the 
American  and  French  arms.  The  St^ite  flag  was  hoiinted. 
and  salutes  were  tired  by  the  artillery  in  the  Stale  House 
yard  and  by  the  ahipping  in  the  harbor.  At  2  o'eloek  in 
the  afternoon.  Congress,  the  French  Minister,  the  Council 
and  chief  officers  of  the  t>tBte,  together  with  n  considerable 
niunltcr  engaged  in  the  rivil  and  military  departments, 
repaired  to  the  Dutch  Lutheran  Chiireb,  where  a  service  of 
thanksgiving  "  lo  the  Great  Disposer  of  all  events  "  was  held, 
conducted  by  the  R<^v.  Mr.  Dufficld,  one  of  the  Chaplains 
of  Congres!?.  by  invitation  of  the  Minister  of  France,  a 
similar  son-ice  was  attended  in  the  Koman  <'atholic  Church, 
on  which  occasion  the  Abln^  Ikndole,  Almoner  to  the 
Kmbassy  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty,  delivei'cd  an  oar- 
Dcst,  a  devout  and  a  patriotic  discourse-  In  the  evening, 
the  city  wns  brilliiuitly  illuminated. 

"Alexander  Quesnay,  Esq.,  exhibited  nt  his  lodging  \n 
Second  street,  between  Chestnut  and  Walnut  streets,  a 
heauliiul  spectacle,  viz. :  On  the  right  window  were  seen 
thirteen  stars^  representing  the  Ihirtcen  I'nited  States,  each 
of  which  div^-rgcrl  »  riy  o(  virtue  toward*  the  name  of  His 
Excellency,  Gcnend  >Vashington,  which  encircled  a  quiver. 


J 


OCB    FBENCH  AXLIE9. 


489 


The  names  of  the  thirteen  virtues  are:  1.  AViBdom.  2. 
Justice.  3.  Slreiiglh.  4.  TeruperiiDce.  5.  Faith.  C.  Char- 
ity. 7.  Hope.  8.  Courage.  9.  llc^ligion.  10.  hove.  11. 
Policy.  12.  FriemJ'^hip.  13.  Constancy.  Over  this  were 
tlji-eti  lleurs  de  hice,  which  environed  the  Count  de  Grasse'a 
name,  with  the  motto //u«ea/ diverging  three  rays  of  joy 
towards  the  «»Id  thirteen  Slates. 

"On  the  left  window  was  drawn  the  [licttire  of  the  illus- 
triuus  Americfln  t-ommander,  with  his  knee  in  his  hand, 
trampling  underfoot  the  crown,  of  Britain,  with  the  motto, 
Jindsh  Priilf.  Over  this  were  three  fleurs  de  hice  stand- 
ing about  the  Count  de  Rochamhean'a  name,  with  the  motto 
lluzxu!  which  also  diverged  three  rays  of  joy  towaixls  the 
aforementioned  ilUistrioiw  hero.  The  whole  was  formed  by 
diflereut  colors,  iu  the  nicest  and  most  expressive  manner, 
and  uttru4:ted  not  only  the  notice,  but  tlic  universal  admira- 
tion of  the  numerous  spectators."  " 

It  had  been  intended  to  supplement  the  ilhiminution  with 
equally  brilliant  tire-works,  but  the  unfavorable  weather 
compelled  a  postponement  until  the  next  evening,  when  Mr. 
feale  decorated  his  bouse  with  traiiKpart-neies.  In  tho 
lower  story  was  a  repre.»;entation  of  the  ship. "  V'ille  de  Paris," 
under  full  sail.  In  the  second  alory  were  the  busts  of 
Washington  and  Rochambean,  encircled  with  stars  aud 
flenrs-dc-luro,  with  tlie  legend,  "  Livf!  Valiant  Vhtf^'x!" 
In  the  third  story,  a  label  extended  across  the  front  of  the 
hoti^ic,  hearing  the  niutto :  "Fob  oi  k  Allies,  Hi/.za, 
Huzza,  Huzza." 

Congress  passed  a  vote  of  thanks  to  Washington,  to 
Rochambeiiu,  and  to  the  officers  and  men  under  their 
respective  commands,  for  their  servicca  in  the  capture  of 
Yorktown.  To  the  former  were  presented  two  stands  of 
British  colors,  received  under  the  capitulation.  To  the  lat- 
ter, and  to  the  Count  do  Grasse,  were  i-espeelively  given  two 


*  Frccnuti*!  Jannwl. 


RHODE  ISLAND   IN  TRE    REVOLUTION. 

pieces  of  field  nrdnance,  taken  at  the  same  time,  on  eacb  of 
n  hk'li  WHS  to  lie  engraved  un  appropriate  lnscripti<m,  recogniz- 
ing "the  tlluatrioii.4  part  which  they  here  In  effecting  the  siir- 
ren<ter."  A  i^esohitiuu  whs  also  passed,  directing  that  a  b»rae, 
hand.somcly  caparisoned,  nnd  a  sword  be  presented  to  Colo- 
nel Tilghman,*  ns  expressiug  an  appreciation  of  his  patriotic 
services.  For  the  purchase  of  the  horKo  and  ncfoutreiupnis, 
an  order  for  four  hnndrftd  dollars,  on  thn  treasury  of  the 
United  States,  was  placed  in  his  hands.  The  swurd  wad 
niHiinfaL'turt>d  in  Paris ;  hut  Kefore  it  «a«  finished,  the  Colonel 
died,  and  on  the  3Uth  of  May,  1786,  it  wa*  presented  by 
General  Knox,  Secretary  of  U'ar,  tn  his  widow. f 


*Celaivel  TuMh  HlKtunan,  mo  of  Jamrs  TH/^liuiiiii.  vra*  bora  DrrvmU'f  30,  lT*i.  ■! 
Kauslvr-  "  pUnttllon  iIiuhIhI  upon  K'Nuil4>ycm-k,[ii  (hi?  toiiiilT  nrTBHtoi.MBijIkad-  HI* 
Ihlher  wm  hIumihI  ■  lawrpr,  aod  Iti  iTVi  bM&nic  ont  of  H)«  AMMlaw  Jnitlcri  of  Ui« 
L'ourt  Tor  Talbol  cotinly.  H)t  nmlhi-r  wh*  ■  (iBucliIrr  uf  Tcncli  t'raact*.  tUt.,  who 
ramoTPit  lo  rhlUilHlfihlo.  nml  l>pnaini?  AltoriiF}-0»iu-ral  uf  Ilw  I"K>*inl*  of  t>llliii;lt«ntB. 
nil  itTpat  »iic«ftur  In  .Mncri^n  wm  Kictuinl  lllthniAit.  Mirrrnn.  «rhii  rm[icr»ttsl  (rava  thv 
coiintr  of  KrM.  Kiiglaiiil. 

I  aloni*!  Tilj;)imaii  wm*  one  of  a  famll.v  nt  rnrlv«  childrwi,  aail  tli»  i'l"k«l  of  »l«  brvilwr*. 
Tor  I>l4  Mtucaiion  cajrAil  pmvlitnii  app^'ar*  to  hnn  bi-am  maiV-.  At  A  aiiliablr  utt-.  lu-  con 
ti'Fi.lril  biimirlf  wtili  hli  iiriclB,  T<-iich  riniirii,  Ihe  loiingrr  af  llir  nainr.  anil  vogafiri  In 
uK-wMftil  voniini-iMltil  purBDiu  In  ThlliiltfliiliUi.  At  llii*  mmRKDwniMil  of  lUe  KeTOlalton. 
Iio  drlrrnilni-il  tu  •lin.rc  tlic  fnic  uf  lila  mnnlrjr,  and  (racrptnl  III*  c(imiiil»l(in  of  Ll^uletimnl 
In  a  niilitnrjr  ivnipaiir,  uf  wlileh  lir  lubHiiiirTitljr  breamc  Captain,  In  lliaimparlly,  Iw 
J«ln«(l  Ibc  annjrof  iruUnglfrn,  and  ira»  l(lrntllli-<l  irllh  lu  forlnnu  to  tli«  oIom  «r  tiM 
war.  In  ITTA.  tic  tMVuinr  a  mpmlirr  at  VVaili:lii|ti><ii'«  nillltwi  r*inll;,  nllh  thr  tank  «f 
I.trulenanl.i'uluiirl,  iHvliiircliiu  (li«  funorlont  or  nn  AI<Iv  'ir-i  anip,  ami  nf  cunAilpinlal 
Sccrelary  to  hit  f(iinni»rntrr,  I'nr  r<ili<ui.l  TUjclimai..  WmliiiiKl'm  cniprlalBfiJ  Ihr  warm- 
cat  alTaclton,  and  thr  nlmtrai  Intltnari  bi>(<Kmi  ttipni  mniiSiii*il  imlirnkMi  (■>  IW  rnil  of  lUV. 

JuDc  II.  17*0,  ColoiH-1  Tllirlirniiti  uiu  inurlHl  Id  IiIc  coii^ln.  IIIM  Ana  .Maria  TllxliaiaB, 
iiauKhlor  of  irir  ItimrjniML-  Matrlii-n  nijrliinnii.orBax^lilc.  TnltHil  cusnlt.  Mnrj-Iiifnl.  At 
i1i»  ivriutiiuiloii  »f  itip  war,  hv  vnio>ti'''i  oner  niutr  in  cnminmlul  IradnKu.  atiiS  «l  tliv  tlnar 
[>r  111*  drnlli  wiu  anfoclali'd  nltli  Thr  crklirarrd  Anjiiirier,  It0l>rrt  MurrU.  but  died  befOK 
jiKiiiilurv  nitn  l>ccainr  ilir  inil  csjmrlciici'  uf  llinl  I'lnliit'iil  patriot. 

Karl/  III  iTiti.  a  tllmiiac  c^nirarluil  llirviijc'i  )innl*lil[)  aii'l  •■xiHxnjT  I'nduivil  "hlk  In  Ihv 
■nv.  waa  rvltlmlly  spirniaclilnjt  a  rri*!'.  IIU  ■Ir-aUi.  iililcli  ii«i'iuiti1  nn  thr  IMli  nf  A|ir1l 
In  Hiat  ]mu,caig*int  w l<|p.«pn<ad  M>rrow.  At  Iii4  funeral,  ltt>  l*1law-i'llUvn*  unil  brvthmi  In 
«nn*|t«reoT«r7  mirabJo  loki«<ir  ihrlrapprMlatlaniir  lil«  worili.anitor  tliHraflVctlcMut* 
regard.  Tlirrrcoifiiltlnii  bj  C'-ouftreaa  of  lili  merlUa*  au  ufflnT  lias  already  twvn  nollevd 
In  tba  toxi  of  lhUpajt«.  Colimrl  Tllsbinan  lirfl  iwo  dnuRlitcrt,  one  orwliuui  wai  a  poolltii- 
IDOM  chilli.  Sftfnil  poriniii  of  lilm  arv  rxtaiil.  Ilr  upiH-an  In  Vralt't  palntlnx  of  ihr 
CapllulnllDii  tiT  Vorktown,  and  alio  lo  Coloiiol  .loliii  Tniml>iiir>  painllng  of  the  BaUla* 
of  Trenton.    An  InUTvilliii:  Mt'muir  of  Colonvl  rilclnnait  trai  putillibcil  In  ItfTO. 

T  Tbf  (word  l«  now  in  po*>rp*lon  of  h[«  en  at-srandMin,  Coluncl  OtwaJil  TUchman,  of 
EoKtuii,  MarylftoJ,  and  wa>  worn  h;  hlin  at  Ihr  Inir  Yurkluwii  n-titmiilal  L'limravniorallon. 
ll  U  a  tuuid>oni«  n^ior  blade,  wllh  gold  aud  *Uii-r  moutiltnjn.  Vpno  lli«  bandir  are 
on^arrd  Ihc  InsifEnU  of  Ihv  .■'ucicly  nf  ilic  riiicliii.atl.  anil  tbt- wonif,  "PrnKlltL-d  ta 
Llaut..rLil.  Tuoch  TUgbinan,  byCoBgrrn, 'Krt.  18.  imi." 


OCR  FREKCH  ALLIES. 


491 


Three  other  rcsohitioos  were  also  adopted,  the  first,  to 
appoint  the  13th  of  December  ae  s  day  of  thanksgiving 
find  pra.ver  throughout  the  United  States ;  the  sficond.  to 
extend  thanks    to   GenemI  Lafnvcttc   for  his  meritorious 


military  sun-ieeH  in  Virj^iniu,  with  perDBiacd&D  to  go  to 
Franrc,  to  return  at  suuh  time  an  might  bo  most  eonvenJont 
to  him,  adding  a  i'C4:iue>>t  that  he  would  communicate  to  the 
officers  and  men  imder  \m  conimand  the  satitifuction  and 
approhiitioti  with  whii-h  Conffreas  viewed  tlicir  cotiduct ;  nnd 
the  third,  to  ei-ect  at  Yorktowu  a  marble  monument,  bearing  a 


492 


RHODE  ISLAWn  IS  THE   nF\'OI.UTrO«T. 


suitable  historical  inscription,  and  onmraeuted  with  emhlems 
of  the  alliance  between  the  United  States  niiJ  Frnnce.  The 
first  of  those  resolutions  was  cjiiTiecl  into  iiflVct  with  fervid 
piety.  The  second  was  presented  to  Laf«y<?ttc,  imd  drew 
from  hiiu  a  warui,  putrlotii'.  respuiit>e.  The  third  was  not 
carried  iiila  execution  on  account  of  the  low  state  of  tbo 
public  Uiiances.  The  laudable  design  lay  dormant,  until 
1880,  when  it  was  revived,  as  will  be  seen  in  Bubsetpient 
pages. 

As  the  tidings  of  the  capitulation  spread  through  tho 
country,  demonstmtionB  of  joy,  similar  to  those  umde  in 
Philadelphia,  were  everywhere  witnessed.  The  good  news 
reached  Newport,  October  24th,  by  tlie  schooner  "Advon- 
lure,"  Captain  \\"illiani  Lovett,  who  sailed  from  Yorktown 
October  20th.  It  aroused  lively  enthusiasm.  The  Com- 
ninndiint  on  Khodo  Island  communicated  It  by  exj>res«  to 
Deputy-Governor  Jalwz  Bowen,  at  Pi-ovidenoe.  An  extra, 
i8*.ucd  from  tlie  offiee  of  the  Providence  Gazette,  camed  the 
tiBings  to  ever}'  part  of  the  State.  In  Providence,  a  salute 
of  thirteen  cannon  was  fired,  the  Americjin  and  French  flags, 
with  the  Hritish  ensign  beneath  them,  were  displayed,  the 
hells  were  rung,  and  other  mean?  were  employed  to  express 
,  the  intense  pleasure  that  was  felt.  In  the  evening,  a  gentle- 
man fmm  Virginia  gave  a  splendid  ball  at  Hjieker's  Hall. 
Au  exliibition  of  tire-works  was  a  titting  close  to  the  excite- 
ments of  the  day. 

In  Koston,  the  news  was  received  with  great  enthusiasm. 
The  bells  of  the  several  ehurches  were  rung  most  of  the 
day.  The  ships  in  the  harbor,  both  American  and  French, 
displayed  their  flags.  On  the  public  buildings  were  hoiated 
the  national  ensigns  of  the  United  Stfltos,  Franco  and  Spain. 
The  roar  of  artillery  from  fvniie*!  vessels  tn  the  harbor,  from 
the  forta,  and  from  the  field  pieces  of  the  local  compunies, 
proclaimed  in  thunder  tones  the  general  joy.  TheGovenior 
gave  an  entertainment,  at  the  "Bunch  of  Grapes,"  to  the 
French  allies  in  town,  and  another,  ut  his  residence,  to  tho 


OUR  FRKNCn  ALLIES. 


498 


Ilonorubic  Council,  nnd  to  other  gentlemuti  uf  distinction. 
Public  ThnnksgiviTig  services  were  held  in  throo  of  the 
meet'mg-hoii8u.s.  uud  a  tolliietiuii  was  taken  for  the  benefit  of 
Boston  soldiefM  serving  in  the  cmitincntal  aituy.  At  New- 
bui^h,  where  General  Arnold  wna  bnrned  in  effigy,  at 
Kredericksbnrg,  at  Ilzirtt'ord,  at  Kishkill,  at  ^'ew  Rnms- 
wick,  at  Trenton,  «t  Princeton,  hI  New  Wiii<it*or,  iit  Albany, 
and  in  all  pnnci[>al  towns,  artillery  salutes,  Nocial  fiitea, 
congnitiilatory  addresses,  and  other  iinpmniptii  demonstra- 
tions were  the  order  of  the  day. 

Cieneral  Count  do  liocbambeau  dejiuted  the  Puke  de  Lnu- 
z«n  and  the  Counl  Williatn  de  Deux-Ponta  to  carry  to  Franco 
an  official  ac<ount  of  the  siege  and  surrender  of  Yorktown. 
They  took  their  dopnrtui-e  in  different  shijjs,  Laiizun  caiTy- 
ing  the  original  aeeount,  and  Ooux-Puuts  a  thiplicatc  copy. 
Both  of  the  messengers  reached  their  destination  in  safetj*. 
Lnuxiin  went  tlirectiy  to  (lie  King,  and  prcwnted  the  tiosi>atch 
of  which  he  wna  the  bearer.  "  My  new*!,"  he  stiys,  "eansed 
the  King  the  grciitest  joy.  I  found  the  Queen  with  him. 
He  made  [lumerouti  inquiries,  and  said  many  civil  IhingK. 
He  asked  ine  If  T  intended  to  return  to  America.  1  ix-plied 
yes.  lie  added,  that  1  might  at^sure  his  army  iJial  it  would 
be  treated  handsomely,  better  than  an}'  other  had  ever  been. 
I  replied,  that  I  was  ready  to  carry  his  favors  to  America  in 
a  fortnight."  The  I>nke  did  not  return  immediately,  but 
remained  in  Franco  imtil  late  in  1782,  when  he  sailed  for 
the  United  States,  where  he  remnined  until  Murch  11,  1763, 
when,  with  the  remnant  uf  the  Fi-enuh  fm-cea,  he  embarked 
at  VVilmington  for  France,* 

Count  Deiix-PontK,  in  addition  to  the  official  document 
and  other  jmperB  intrusted  to  him  by  Counl  de  Rochanihoau, 
to<vk  ordei*s  from  the  Count  de  Grasse.  His  diary  eontaina 
this  brief  record  ;  ".\fler  a  Itoisterons  passage  of  nineteen 
days,  we  arrived  olT  the  coast  of  Franco ;  and  on  the  2-lth 


■Tlw  Tlrfiiila  UUtuncal  Sodeijr  hu  In  It*  poMMtlmi  k  ponnit  of  ttM  Duke  Ac  L«iuvn. 


4U 


RHODE  ISLAND  Q!  THE  REVOLPTION. 


of  November  I  enjoyed  the  inexpressible  pleasure  of 
embracing  at  Versailles  Those  |>enMm8  who  lire  to  mo  tbe 
dearest."  For  "  the  valor  and  courage  "  displayed  by  him  at 
Yorktown,  the  King  made  him  a  Chevalier  of  the  military 
order  of  St.  Louis. 

When  the  intelligence  of  the  suiTcmler  of  the  British 
forces  lit  Vwrktown  reached  London,  the  minifitry  was 
greatly  afritiitcd.  On  making  it  knowti  to  I^)nl  N'orth,  he 
received  it,  so3's  Loi'd  (jcoi^  Germain,  "as  he  would  have 
taken  a  ball  in  the  breast,  ....  for  lie  opened  his 
arms,  exelainiiiii;  wildly,  as  lie  paced  np  and  down  the 
apartment,  during  a  few  mintites,  'Oh,  my  (iod !  it  is  all 
over  I '  words  whirh  lie  repeated  many  tintes,  under  emo- 
tions of  tbe  deepest  agitation  and  distress."  The  King  was 
at  Kew,  and  Lord  Germain,  i\s  .Secretary  for  the  American 
depiirlment,  sent  off  a  dispatch  to  His  Miijesty,  actjuaiiiting 
him  with  the  melancholy  Icrniination  of  the  expedition  «>f 
Lard  Cornwallis.  ^^'hatever  feelings  of  disa]>pointiuenl  the 
news  may  have  nwakened.  he  jircson'cd  an  oxtonial  calm- 
nesd,  quite  in  conlra^t  with  the  deiipniring  outbuitit  of  Lord 
North.  In  reply  lo  the  des])atH],  the  King  said,  that  while 
he  lamented  "the  unfortunate  result  of  the  operatioiii)  in 
Virginia,"  he  trusted  that  neither  I^rd  George  (fcrmain  nor 
any  member  of  the  ( 'abiriet  woidd  suppose,  that  it  woidd 
make  the  smallest  alteration  in  thowc  principles  ol  conduct 
which  had  directed  him  in  the  past,  and  which  would  always 
animate  him  "  under  everj*  event  hi  the  prosecution  of  the 
present  contest."  "  Whatever  opinion  we  may  entertain, 
nrlative  to  tho  practicabilitj*  of  reducing  America  to  obedi- 
ence, by  force  of  arms  at  the  end  of  17^1,  wo  must  admit 
that  no  sovereign  ootdd  manifest  more  calmness,  dignity,  or 
self-command,  than  George  the  Thiixl  displayed  in  this 
reply."  • 

■  W/ixall'a  Hruolr*. 


496 


RHODE  ISLAND  IK  THK  BEVOLUTtON. 


belpfiil  to  General  Greene,  and  tend  to  the  same  result.* 
Wushiri^on  made  Ibc  proposition  to  the'  Cotinl  de  Ornsse, 


*  JTiithBJMtrl  (lnrn«  nt  il(«»«dpit  IWmi  John  (in«n»,  onv  of  the  nrlr  irttlm^  of  War* 
wlclt,  K-  I.  He  »■•  Ihr  Kin  of  .\ulh>iiiBt-l  nail  riirlx'  Urvcnv,  uiwJ  »a*  liurD  In  VTorwlek, 
Junrfl,  \Tii,  U.S.  HltfHthit  «&>  •  ]in-itclii-r  In  tlir  hoeMy  ot  VtU-adt.  Ihc  owiwr  of  ft 
lar^  Innd**]  i'iiritt4-,  of  •  ff lit  mill,  n  uv  mill,  and  a  taifv.  Of  tlic  rarl;  lire  uf  thv  tiih- 
Jrct  Of  TliUnolke.ttie  rollonlnrUn  brief  icmniary-    He  (howcd.  In  IovIkkhI.  ■  foailiivM 

for  itiiiidnji.  mill  fiir  uIIh-t  "  muitlillj  "  iilfB«ur*ii.Oim(il<-l>  liU  "Irr  JVowtlnl.  He  )Uil|K>ralMl 
liU  cimtiiiiiili)!!  liy  wurkliiB  HI  lilt- fiir|[c.  He  wh4  ■'•ml  uf  IfaniluK-  llo  innl,  wllb  torn- 
■Ecnilablt:  Inclutirv,  lite  M-miO'iuli'nninffvi  atroravA  fiuita  eil^icatlun.  In  11»  hlf  )irr  niailiu- 
iiiHIli'i  lit*  bi«»iii<-  a  |>r['l1ciriil.  Hi-  ftalliin^il  «.  hlirap.  atiil  briNitk-iiiil  >>L>  k  ii^nrlnlKv  lif  a 
IK-rtl<atiir  till-  t'lMi^i.''.  aiiil  olhcr  itaU'lanJ  litcralurc.  hi  c>iiip»idli»ii,W  ar<juln-d  a  lluviii 
aiil  r'jifiMe  'Tvlr,  Ur  rind  tun.  Ilr  ttuilli-il  iiillllAry  Iiii:i!ct,  iiiivl  autrlnl  to  «Tiiitil(c  (hi) 
"  Kpiiilili  IIuHnlio."  Uf  Hvut  to  ItiiMoti  nnd  |>urcliBH^  ■  iiiui|ci-l.  Ilial,  r>  a  iittraln.  ho 
ntlglit  hi.- propcrl)^  nrtiKid.  IW  hl>  ■lUllaiy  ticviiriiiitirt,  and  for  olh«r  caiilniTvn11»D>  of 
the  luin  uf  Ihr  Siiflrly  of  Frlriiili,  kr  «■«  ■•  I*«i3  oul  of  niii'iliiii.''  Up  Ipprrsrntrd  III* 
iianvo  Iowa  In  Hip  Kti(iili<  Itlnnd  tivuMal  A»fciiiblyi  and,  July  W,  ITT*,  hv  wa*  niarrlMl  to 
MUFi'ulltarliiK  i,llll<-ll(-l<l.  n  ilouiclilrr  of  Joliii  l.lHlvflrlil.  >-J>i|.,  of  \rw  ^hcr<-luln■.  K.  !.>• 
ladr  In  ■■«»]  vruy  viirdif  iif  lii>  alTpellon.  Bitl  hir  wn*  not  ilr^rliiinil  to  n-maln  In  obacilrttj. 
llli  conotry  called  lilm  lu  u.*rlM  \u  ikriiwliij;  al!  iLc  yokr  oT  ijTvaDT.  and  lio  obijroi-  tt  U 
iu  tii*  iniilllarj'  aliafimlcr  lliac  Iip  in  nun  lo  be  irru. 

N»xl  in  Wflah Indian,  <lMiont1  Grrviif  Iii*li1  v.  timmutl  rank  nniann  th*  nrolnlloiuvj  oA. 
cur*  of  111*  Kradf.  Hit  uuiuikl  vudowinviitF,  no  lean  than  the  aoijiitritliiti*  of  •  lun^  rap*<- 
rt<-iiri.-.  rniliiritil}'  i|iiNlilir<l  liliii  fur  llir  rripoiiiltjlr  ilullo  of  ht*  1ii|ch  mllllary  pMiltlun.  lie 
wiu  limrv,  *Tii-r|(>-ik,  iiniiiiiiC  In  iln-ii1t>  and  act,  }iri>dcoi,  i-aiiilnitt.  hiipvAil,  p»r*Ut(^  and 
•ulf'SonlrollvO.  Tli«<'*  iitiallLii^d  In  liign  wri-rr  apprtflntcd  1>;^  hl>  ronipaiiloiii  In  nrm*.  "■■^ 
by  ItlrroUMlrr  al  larjrr:  and  Iif  was  loukrd  Vptm,  In  the  rvriil  nf  WBililn|!lon'»  dcalh  dur. 
Inn  ihrcoiilinnutipe  uf  dip  wnr, a*  »nt<.  If  uot  itic  only  oiii'.wtiu  conM  llll  lit*  |>lBn'  niidhoM 
Tlir  ]iuMtr  conlidnicc.  H'aihlnifloii  ridlitl  inidituldiuvl.v  ii|i<)n  Id-  juilitmrnt,  and  hcilowrd 
npijii  lidu  llll  uiidiunlrBJIKHl  1>ii-ii<l«U1^>,  IIh>  Imiid*  uf  ulilch  liirii<  utri'iiirtlHiawl.  "Hhr  fiwU 
lii|  niu  wannty  n4Ti]>rii><'utM]  (<>  i^rvtiM'.  and  Ilir  fralrraul  n.'lalluu>  uf  tliD  two  l<^in|| 
UrniTitU  lit  l):iF  lIi'iululiiNi  n-tiiaiiinl  nnbniikcD  to  thi-rluw  of  llfr. 

Few  tiH'ii  tiiivc  Imtd  «i  ra|ildl^  iidTatiPvd  In  mltttari'  mnk  a*  won  nn«nr.  Pram  uian-Jk- 
Ing  mt  a  prltali'  l»  thr  "  KnitUli  tiitard'."  tw  taaii  timniv  a  ltrliiadi«r~(iiinvr«l.  In  com. 
Diandnf  tlirrrn-filiiiriiKmiiiilltiilliiKlhe  K1>imI«  l>lan<l  .^rtiiv  of  OtiMnNTlan.  TtiMc  li« 
TmI  to  Cnnibrlilfri'.  In  itiip|ii)n  of  WaildUKtitir  Aftn  iiflvr,  lie  aa*  apiMiliitvd  to  thr  wuii* 
rank  in  iliv  i?oulli><  iiml  iirmv.  and  a  vi-ut  lattr  W«i  iuad«  a  UiOor-GrnrrPl, 

li  U  hot  nii-dfiil  hi  di.-*crilH'  liriT  lilt  liiijHiriani  iii[IUaij  H-nlcr*  on  Tnina  Inland,  At 
Trpnioii,  ■!  I'tlni'fiDii,  ul  ttmiiiliwlur.  ul  r>prniniitoiTii.  and  at  M'Hiinonlh,  iinr  la  ii-fak  nf 
tilf  prow'i"  111  till-  Itlmde  Inland  i  ampnlKn,  undi-r  f-iilllvan,  :.tii/<,r>.  fi4.\  nnr  to  namilP 
hl'Tnlllinil  ntid  |>rr|drxlii)rliilHir>  [ii  dlwhaiiflng  ilie  tliHiikli-u  diiili-i  nf  ijiurleriiui>trrn*ii* 
erul  (if  tV  ojMlInviital  mnny,  tior  vrl  lo  dcllnofllt-  hl>  tirllJInnl  'I'ultmn  career  Vor  all 
th<^'e  and  iii<>n',  riiiicrTniiii;  a  rriidiillotiary  licn>,  whom  iIh-  |ii-ii|iIi-  of  ltlii-idi-  liland  wlU 
rtcr  liold  lu  ■•liDltaliuti,  tlic  rritdiT  It  ivfrmil  lu  tlic  llirtv  nubl?  •uliiiiio  "f  Hit  Uf«.  writ- 
ten hy  FtvfrtiHir  iivurgf  IVnulilnulonlirM-m'.  As  AimMir  («iilim>iiiiiil  ^iroemrsl  lirtvno"! 
"wlHlont,  riiTlJIiiilp  and  iiiitliAr*  Milll  "  whilv  ruiiiiiinuclliiff  In  tlii'  Smitlimi  lx-|iarln»cnl, 
Contirpii  pniMHl  a  inoliiiloii  lo  (ir»'*inl  lilni  wllli  •■  two  flecei  i>f  tlic  Held  onliwnn  lldt«i 
from  iHp  ItrlU'l)  army  bI  llio  r  u«|m.-ii>,  Aiii;i>*1h  ur  Kiifaw  ■*  V  Irnti-  t,l  mtitrnttr  vra*  alM 
(raurril  lilfii,  whlrh  Ue  Iinpnivnl  lu  lUlt  Ithndr  Itland,  wlierL'  "  hniinr*  and  thanfca  wvrc 

BWIllltllK  IlllIl" 

GFi>?rAl  Urecnc  wa«  m  original  m«ii1i*T  of  11m  -Onrlriy  of  ihr  flndniiait.  ofwtilcll 

WaiLiliKliui  H-n*  thr  Ilml  rnrtidviit.  He  *a*  alio.  a>  Kami  on  piiji*  IM,  I'roldrnl  of  lll« 
Rhod*  Wlaud  Kcwlfty  of  Hi*  llnetnnatl.    lib  b«d|(«  of  tbe  Ordir,  a  gr<iA  t^nU;  wiu  jito. 


; " '' 


/  ' 


MA.IOR  CCKCHAL   NATHANIEL  GRCtNE 


1 


^.c^^ 


lii-H  ■rr.i.r  I 


OUR  FBBKCH  ALLIBB. 


497 


but  he  tleoline<l  to  entertnin  it,  on  the  ground  that  having 
ucc-oiiiplif^bed  the  purpose  for  which  his  fleet  cauie  to  Amer- 
ica, it  now  het-amft  his  duty  to  obey  the  instructions  of  his 
government,  as  well  ai  to  fnltiU  his  oltli^tion»  to  the  Spnn^ 
iiirds,  by  returning,  witliout  further  tlelny,  to  the  West 
Indies.  Washington,  still  intent  upon  bia  scheme,  pro- 
posed th»t  he  shouUl  iiikc  a  body  of  troops  on  board  his 
fleet  and  iaiid  it  at  Wilniiiij^on,  while  ])iirsinng  his  voyage; 
but  this,  from  prudential  considerations,  he  also  declined. 
Ul>on  eonsultalion  with  tho  Count  de  Hochauibeuu,  Wash- 
ington found  him  disinelined  to  en^^age,  that  seaaon,  in 
another  caD)pnigii,  and  the  plan  was  rohtctantly  ubaodoncd. 

BRITISH    STANDAKDS   PBESEyTED   TO   CONGRE&S. 

The  Philadi'lphia  Freeman's  Journal  of  November  7, 
1781, snys: 

■'Oii  i^aturttay  afterDooD  lost,  l>etween  the  hc^nr*  of  thr«e  and  four, 
•rrlvvd  lierc  twciity-rour  rtgimvittal  Glauiliinlfi,  tafcvu  with  the  BrllUti  and 
Qerman  forces  iiiulcr  Lord  Gornn-allis.  TLcy  were  received  by  Iho  volim- 
teer  cnvnlry  of  tills  city  of  Schoyllcl]]  and  coDclii>ct«d  Into  town,  displajed 
In  n  la»K  iirOintasIiHi,  |>rrced<^1  by  thi^  Aiiirrhuiti  and  French  colore,  at  A 
prr>[K-r<lii>t!iiicp.  Thi*y  wtreparHded  tbroUj-h  tho  priticlpiil  8trp»c«  of  the 
cltyj  umldtit  the  Joyful  acclatnallutia  of  surroundlug  muUllDdea,  to  Ibe 


nrvd  Tor  lilm  In  rmncv  b^  General  I.ftfkj'clt*,  and  U  now  la  tlw  poMc«dan  of  Nathannt] 
Grrtuv.  M-  D..  of  Newport. 

A  porlrullof  Ucnfral  IJtii-iiP,  pnliilnl  l>j  Cliarlr*  Pcnlc,  of  rbtlMlclplih,  lnnrnrd  bj  Ihc 
Iluiwtnlili'  WItlliirig  fint-nr,  of  Kait  (jn>pnnlc1i,  lli'  nUu  pooi-mtM  an  cnKr«t?il  |iurinill  of 
tlic  CicnnrDl,  which  [jirAvHIii  i.iriiiii>uiici-i1  to  dr  llir  (ic*l  IlkcticM  of  lilni  IliiU  In-  li«il  ever 
■cva.  Il  wm  iirruiiiliHl  hy  ilir  liftiiTsi  (»  l.afa.Killr,  Nnd  utter  1iBn|rlD|[  lu  1il>  cluimbpr,  a( 
I^linnsp,  tlilrty  or  furiy  yoiirn,  war  «lv(ii  hy  him  lu  Mrp.  .■'Itaw,  «  duuftiirr  of  Urnenl 
Orvriir,  tin  ilie  uo.-Bt[Mn  ul'  hpr  ilall  lu  tin  ibcxiliil  rrft-nil  nr  lirr  Inllirr. 

Aflor  dUHliijt  l)U  iiillliary  enTv«r,  ti^iioral  Unt'nv  inailo  Ni-upurt  hli  temporary  hamc. 
Rv  lh»nfc  rrm'Dvi.il  to  tlir  nrlf^liburliiKxl  of  SsvAiiainli,  mid  iMttMl  upnn  b  t>l"nlalfan  prr- 
■Fiilril  lu  liiin  by  I  he  Mute  iif  GrutpU.     Ilttr  lir  d^rd  lYoiii  RUiKtrulcir,  Juni-  19,  ITsd,  uiilvrr- 

Hllr  JninTiiiPil.  Hit  fitnrral  wiu  Inipvilnit.  and  lilKR-niHliKwtre  <(c|io>ii<Til  lii  a  viiutt  In 
Savnniiiili ;  t>tir,  ■riuii|[i*  In  tay.  Ihr  jilacror  Mk  tr|>iilturr  lias  licrn  (br)|ollcn,  aad  tio  living 
prriDQ  can  nuic  [iclul  iiiit  llir  apal  whvrn  Ii1>  body  ivstii! 

C'iniKKM.  Ill  liouurof  ikc  mtmory  uf  Ut^crul  Grren^votMl  l9  tTVH  a  m«natn«iil  "at 
till:  nfoE  of  \he  Fi-iliTn]  ci»T'''i><'i<'nt,"wlikIi  nainrvrrildinf ;  bill  thc^talc  of  Rli«i]<-  Iiland 

lioi  luppllrd  ilie  ilcHcli-iiry  by  Ibo  |^ft  of  a  iivlilc  iialuc,  (.-xccaled  by  U.  K.  BrowD,  ami 
(land  ia  Uit  Katlonal  (.'apltol. 

03 


498 


BHODE  ISLAiO)   IN  THE  REVOLUTION. 


BlBt«  Housa.  Tbe  hostile  aUndanU  rrerc  there  laid  Bt  the  ffcet  of  Con- 
KrcjtH  and  llix  Excetlcucy  the  ambiiMiiailor  nrFranci'^a  nol>U-  and  exalted 
rni'iDorlttl  or  thv  victory  gntneii  by  ihc  allk-il  forceit  i>vep  tho  alavea  of 
tyrauuy  and  opprestiion." 

On  tho  ijth  of  November,  Wimhitipttm  Inft  Yorklowii.and 
on  the  27th,  he  visited  Philndoli)hia.  His  presence  was  bHiled 
with  d(di;;hl.  The  Pivsiilent  tif  C«nijriesj*  welcomed  him 
wiih  iin  !itliiieH!i  (iCcdnirriitiihilioii,  imd  In  The  evening,  ii  bril- 
liant display  of  transpai-vneies,  designed  and  oxeetited  hy 
Mr.  Cliiirlett  W .  l*enle.  wiis  miide.  Ainoujr  the  sjjecial 
ftttriictions  were  poitraUs  of  W'lwhiiiffton  and  (.'ouiit  de 
Kochnmbeau,  "with  niys  of  glory  and  InlerUced  eivio 
crowns  over  their  heads,  framed  with  pulm  and  Imucl 
leaves,  and  the  words,  In  trauspai-ent  letteri^,  '  Lif'e,  Val- 
iunt  C/iitfu'i  the  whulf!  yneiirled  with  t^tars  and  flcurs-de- 
■luce."  • 


WINTER  -  QUARTERS. 

LOCATION  01'  TtlK  TKOUPS.-KOCIIAIUBEAU'S  HEAn-ylTAKTEKS. 
—PAVILIONS  BIRNEI>  AT  NEWPORT.— CORKESrONDENCE  OF 
BliVILLE.  TARLfi,  BOCHAMBEAU  AND  I>i:MAS  RELATIVE  TO 
THE  MOVEMENT  OF  THE  TROOPS. -LETTER  PROM  CHASTEU 
LUX  TO  (JOVEKNOU  HAUniSON.— THE  ARMV  ON  THE  MARCH 
NORTHWARD. 

N  immediatp  movement  of  the  Frenirh  trooi>jj  not 
appuiti'iiig  iieees^ury.  Count  de  Ifochunibuiiu  douidud 
to  remain  in  Virginia  until  the  next  spring.  On  the  first  of 
November,  the  anny  went  into  winter-quarters, — the  Legion 
of  Lan/.un,  eonirunnded  by  M.,  de  <,'hoisy,  at  Hampton;  the 
regiment  of  Suisaonnajs,  and  the  gi-cnadier^  and  chast>etini 


>  trvcfum'*  Joarnid. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


4t^9 


<if  Snintongc,  at  York ;  llio  regiment  tif  Sjiinlmigc  jit  the 
llulf-way  Houfce,  between  Vork  aud  Humptuu  ;  aiul  ono  com- 
pnny  of  artillery  and  a  dptachment  of  fifty  men,  under  the 
eoinmsiiid  of  tlie  Vieonite  Viomesnil.  at  Oloncpsler.  Three 
cunipaiiies  of  the  Deiix-Punts  were  sent  to  Jnnieatown,  :uid 
the  siege  artillery  whs  stationed  al  Vest  Point,  in  Virgiiiin. 
The  l](?iKU]uarter8  of  the  Count  de  liochnniheau  were  nt  Wil- 
liainslmrfr.  Here  the  ren:impnt  of  Iloiirlionnois.  and  also  that 
of  Deux-X*onts,  had  their  cantonmenta.  According  (o  Blaneh- 
Qfd,  the  Count  de  HochnniUeaii  estiiMished  head-qiinrteri^  at 
Newport.  .\f.  de  Villeman^y, ''('oijirni.'*snire  de  giierre." 
witli  other  officei's.  quartered  in  Kichmond.  But  wherever 
quartered,  nil  were  welcomed  with  a  geuerous  hospitality. 
The  princi|>al  inc-idcnt  of  an  encampment  at  Newport  was 
tlie  burning  of  two  pavilions.  In  the  first,  attached  to  the 
hospital  for  thn  officers,  several  of  these  were  severely 
wounded.     In  the  second,  a  sick  soldier  perished.* 

It  appoarw,  by  the  following  corrospon donee,  to  have  been 
the  intention  of  the  Count  de  Hoclmniheaii  to  move  his 
army  from  \'irginia,  in  tte  opening  of  the  year  17S2,  but 
eircum stances  caused  a  delay  until  June. 

*■  WiujAHSBtrao,  ilanuary  23,  I'M. 

"  Ynii  know.  Sir.  tlic  Intention  of  Itic  fount  dc  Ro^hnmbeau  to  convey 
to  I'eytonsburg.  on  Itie  Itoanokr.  the  body  of  forflgn  volurtcpi-s  of  Lua- 
7Mn  which  is  nt  Hampton,  where  It  will  bi-  rellcvrd  thr  same  day  by  th(> 
(-■i^liL  r.ompnnlt-)!  of  the  KcglmenC  ot  Hnlnton^,  in  (|uitrtcr8  at  llnir-Wnj- 
Ilouse. 

■'  M.  Dumas  leiives  to-day.  the  23il.  for  Richmond,  chBrip-d  wUli  n  let- 
ter ft'oni  ttiv  CijHiil  <l(t  K(K-lia»i)n'au  to  tlm  GoVL-ruur  nf  Vlri>lii1a.  Ho  will 
not  arrive  there  til!  llm  24th  In  the  evening,  will  da  lib  himlness  dnilng 
llid  iit-it  day,  niicl  U  will  prnliably  not  1h>  till  Il)e:i7th.  In  the  evcniu';,  after 
th*  rctiiru  of  the  express  wlilcli  lie  in  to  senit  to  uie.  thi*l  I  shnll  Iw  tblv  to 
llx  deflnltcly  the  march  of  HiIh  body,  wblcb  will  uot  start,  ui  fOoac-Ht.  till 
(hi;  'i'.KL  froin  Hawpton.  I  kIihII  not  Ttill  to  announce  to  you  the  day  of  \t» 
depiirturc.  lui  Huon  as  It  shall  be  (IimI. 

"The  body  of  fnrelsn  votnnieers  or  Ijiuziin  l.«  In  proceed  f>otn  Hrii]i>< 
ton  to  Willlninftburjc,  In  two  iMtyn.     It  i»  31  iDik-s  n-om  WIIIIxni»biir|;  to 


>  BlutorMnl. 


500 


RHODE  I8LAKD  IN  THE  REVOLUTION*. 


Richmond,  In  three,  where  probably  II  win  sojoarn.  It  Is  SO  miles  rrom 
Hlchmond  to  Ciimberiantl  Court  House,  in  two.  It  Is  (0  miles  from  Cnm- 
bprland  Court  House  to  Prince  Rilward  raiirt  Hoiisu.  Iti  two,  nntl  Ttom 
Prhiec  Etlwnrd  Court  Housp  to  IVytonshiirg  on  the  noanokc,  In  ibree, 
paaalufT  by  Cols  [CoIm]  fi- rry.  It  la  BO  miles,  wlilcli  m«kc,<i  in  nil  KIT  miles, 
In  tirelvo  dnyx'  ninrch  of  20  mttvs.  one  wltli  luiothcr.  not  Incliuling  one 
or  two  anjourns,  wlikli  H  will  probnlily  bv  iHi'CKAfiry  Co  caune  It  to  mnke, 
and  wtilcli  will  bo  fixed  accordlns  to  llie  knowledge  of  localllle«. 

•■Til*'  forflgn  volunteemurLaniiin  wUI  probably  Imv*  nccil  ormrrLiaes 
fortbis  inarcli,  and  the  el^lu  com|)uii!<^'>>  of  Sainton;:!!  will  likewise  bK«o 
ne«<l  of  them  to  proceed  to  Ilxmpton.  It  la  a  very  Hhort  innrcti.  and  see- 
lug  1  lie  proximtiy,  those  wMch  yon  will  give  tlitrm  will  be  able  to  make 
IWo  joonipyfl,  mid  Iiy  conseqncnrc  diniiiibh  the  number  of  thrm :  it  la  not 
the  »>inio  with  the  carriages  of  the  rurcl^n  volunteers,  wlitcb  ought  lo  be 
well  rurnlshet)  with  horses,  on  occonnl  of  the  length  of  tlie  marches;  It 
will  cvL-n  bv  well  to  huve  n  couple  of  empty  onen  In  the  trnlti  of  this  body, 
to  pick  up  the  stragglers. 

"M.  Dumas  Is  rhnrged  to  Indicate  lo  M.  rte  Vlllcmnniy  the  dlin<rent 
places  where  this  body  will  slop,  ]»  order  that  he  Riayftrrsn^c  tlic  depnrt- 
arcs  to  be  maile  In  the  place*)  through  which  they  piUM. 

"  I  have  the  honor  lo  bf ,  with  sincere  nnd  perfect  attflCbment,  Sir,  yoat 
most  humble  snd  most  obedleut  servaiit. 


"WiLLijUiSBtmcn,  Pebruar;  1, 178S. 

••  I  Imve  the  hooO'r  lo  Infbnn  you,  Sir,  and  dear  commde.  thut  thp  Count 
de  Rochttinhenn  hns  tlmnght  piv)pi.-r  to  delay  llic  rtepartitre  of  the  Lefllon 
of  Lsiizun  until  the  snow  h  melted  and  the  roads  are  drli-il  n  Utile.  So  I 
pray  yoH  lo  fuini,  howfvei.  your  arranKeriientji  In  order  Hint  the  Bubslst- 
enceof  the  mi-n  anil  luir^v*  niiiy  be  ready,  whtn  It  puts  Itself  In  inotloa. 
That  U  to  F^ay,  that  wc  may  be  In  a  posture  lo  mnhe  bread  nnd  kill  aaltnaU, 
la  soon  as  I  »lioll  amioiircc  to  you  the  day  that  It  will  march,  I  will  do 
to,  AS  soon  as  I  am  infonned  of  It. 

"  Why  did  you  not  tell  mc  that  yon  liad  hod  jirecn  cloth  given  to  tho 
-Cbevfttier  de  la.  Ucth?    lu  truth,  ihla  niytterlousti«iis  on  yoor  part  Is  very 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  501 

singular,  and  however  litllc  you  may  wish  to  reflect,  you  will  feel  bow 
miicfa  It  Is  deplored.* 

*•  1  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  very  perfect  and  sincere  attachment,  Sir 
aod  dear  comrade,  your  most  humble  and  most  obedient  servant, 


"  WiLLiAMSBURQ,  Fcbroary  6,  1782. 

"  1  have  the  honor  to  Inform  yoa,  Sir,  and  dear  comrade,  that  the 
Legion  of  Lanzun  will  leave  Hampton  the  9th  of  this  month,  that  It  will 
arrive  here  the  10th,  will  aojonrn  there  the  llth,  and  that  It  will  march 
the  12th,  to  proceed  to  Richmond,  following  the  Itinerary  which  haa  been 
delivered  to  you.  So  It  will  arrive  there  the  15th.  Make,  In  consequencet 
your*  arrangements,  and  act  so  that  nothing  may  be  wanting,  and  that  every 
day  you  may  he  certain  that  nil  that  Is  due  to  It  Is  ready.  Profit,  I  pray 
you,  Sir  and  dear  comrade,  by  every  opportunity  that  shall  present  It»elf, 
to  inform  me  of  all  that  Is  relative  to  your  details.  None  ought  to  be 
neglected,  and  you  will  see  the  Importance  of  them. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  very  perfect  and  sincere  nttacbmeat,  Sir 
and  dear  comrade,  your  most  humble  and  most  obedient  servant, 


"M.  do  VlUcmanzy." 

FROM  THE  COUKT  DE  BOCHAMBEAU  TO  GOVERNOR  HARRISON. 

"Williamsburg,  February  9,  1782. 
"  Sir: — The  Legion  of  Lanzun  has  left  Hampton  to  go  to  Uichmond. 

*  The  oHglnkl*  of  theie  lelten  wrre  procur<.-d  for  the  muthor  In  Paria,  wbere  thcf  had 
Mcaped  the  diiaiten  or  a  centurf ,  and  found  a  ufe  dvpoill  In  a  book-slora  on  on*  of  tb* 
quay*. 


502 


RHODE  I8I-AND  IX  THK  REVOI.DTION. 


wbMioc  It  shall  pat  furwnnl  either  to  CamberlHiid  Court  IloaM  or  to 

Pe^loiwbu rg,  Bcconiliig  U>  tliy  ticcauiit  Hint  shill  W  itivrii  by  Mr.  Dumas 
of  Itia  posstbility  of  IM  e^ilablliiliiDcnt  at  «lther  or  tbese  placrs.  One  of 
our  n-lHates  lia^  l«von  uiiluckil)-  wi-vckcd  ut  Capu  Ueur?  u&d  Is  CDtirely 
loat.*  I  sL'iiU  to  Your  Excellency  a  copy  of  the  t.'«ptiitn'»  rt-laitoo  of  ll. 
He  \s  an  uiDcer  nf  dtttlngiilshcd  merit  nn<1  has  Ain'ay.q  hehnvcd  blin^elf 
wittt  ^rent  courage  on  all  ilangcrous  occasions.  He  spcAks  with  the  greau 
eat  gratitude  of  the  auccors  atfonleiJ  lilm  by  Colouel  Hoghcs,  and  all  the 
Inhabltftntit  of  that  t:oniit.  I  twg  of  Ymir  Kxti-IIi-ncy  to  write  them  how 
mticb  w«  lire  gratlfletl  for  them.  The  unhappy  pilot  (,'tjaniljern  had 
behaved  with  a  srihl  ileal  of  oljKtIoftcy  and  luuuraiice.  I  have  been  told 
thtct  lie  bH»  buvii  t&kfii  od  board  the  Brtltsh  frigate  the  '  Iris.' 

"  I  am  with  respect,  Sir. 

"Toar  Escellency'8  Moat  Obedient  ntitl  Humble  Servaot, 


^  c/^:>0^^^«^-ii^— -^ 


-£  U^^tJ^ 


"  I  Mnd  lo  Yrtiir  Excellency  my  answer  to  an  unsealed  letter  which  has 
come  to  me  fVom  n  Major  I  am  ncqiiiiinluil  with  in  Norlli  t'aroliiin.  J  Iteg 
of  yon  to  get  It  traiiatatod  for  your  owu  reading,  aud  to  sead  it  to  him  by 
the  flrsl  opportunity. 

*'  His  Excelleucy  (jorernor  Harrlaon." 

Ill  nnticipntioD  of  moving  the  nrmy  onrly  in  June,  ttie  fol- 
linving  lettLT  whs  luldrossud  to  Guvoriiur  llurritioti : 

"  PktkwbvbO,  the  -Itb  of  Jani-,  1792. 

"Sue— Having  received  oMlmri  from  Qonaral  Comte  de  Uochambenu  bo 
open  the  march  for  tlu»  Icfjlon  from  Charlotte  Court  House  to  IVlersburg, 
aud  to  quarter  Che  snmi.' at  that  plflL'Q;  aud  kLiowliij;  thai  he  dexired  Your 
Kxcellenry  to  njipuliit  a  proper  peraon  for  polnUiii;  out  to  luo  the  most 
convenient  placc-^n,  1  tjik»;  the  liberty  to  bci;  Hint  .Mr.  llanU-l  Tuaftdale,  n. 
Q,  M  ,  ahoalil  be  the  man.     I   delivered  lo  him  the  lUt  of  the  quariera 


*Tlio  IVi^tf  Io«l.  \nrv  uicutlonnl,  iraa  Thf  DlllgrtiU,  cuminandn]  bf  tlw  rtirrBller  d* 
CloaaKt.  lilt  wrt-ck  ort«m*l  Fcbrumr;  1,  17W.  Iwo  niUci  *wuili  of  Capw  Htary,  uwlnft  to 
Uir  liiniifnnrr  rjf  llii-  jiilot.  Twriitv-iliTi-r  of  ilir  cn-ar,  llir  jillut,  o  Hildli^r  of  Ihc  [kiurbnn. 
noU.Bnil  urmtlitT  of  llio  llojul  [loitx  IViiiia  inne  ilrcwnnJ.  I'li*  hundrvil  of  llif  cre»  w*r« 
l»D<l(sl  on  a  rntt,  The  t'pptnln  AUil  riphtT  H'cil  Miaalaed  oa  tosrd  onlll  tlic  lili  of  t'tbn- 
atj,  wlivii  lliv  icMt:!  Iwlnir  liujirlruli  tank  In  (lie  laliil.  Ij»  sIijiiuIouviI  lirr.  Bii[ioliilinf  31. 
I>)!4K(!ni:ltr4  and  toi-liv  ■»■>»  in  rpmaJu  iii  >i|ttil  of  tliKfrlintC'  rn  titkv  upwlialcvtr  Hiljtlil  b: 
flnatcdiullit  kliitrr. 


OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


503 


wanleil,  nncf  expect  to  meet  with  him  here  on  my  retiiro  n-om  Charlotte,  If 
your  Excclli^ncy  Invests  lilni  vvlili  liulllclenl  authority, 
"  I  Iiavc  the  honor  to  he,  with  htquI  respect, 

"  Voiir  Exccllcncy'tt  moat  tiumhie  and  tnoitt  obedlvnt  Kerraut. 


^'^^^/'^ 


"  HU  Exccllouvjr  Gureruor  lUn-iauu." 

AN  EXFLANATORY   LETTKK  PKOM  TIIR    XAttQlTIS    GHASTBLLUX 
TO    OOVKKNOK    HAKHI80N. 

*'  SiK : — Ici  (hr  aI)j»PDc»  oT  Coont  Rocliambeau,  who  has  left  the  iirmy  to 
go  to  riiiladflphla,  I  hawe  received  Your  ExcclleDOy's  two  letters  of  Ihe 
8d  nwd  lili  uT  July.  wLlcli  Imve  heca  d«Uvere<)  me  hy  Mr.  I'rlce.  I  know 
wcU  tlic  iiiLcntiuus  of  tlio  GcultuI,  uud  cuu  nxsuri;  you  Lhut  I  huve  aot  Icax 
iktKiiiiloii  tlian  lio  liSR  to  prtfuiervo  wlih  tli4>  En'nte.'it  care  lli«  property  of 
the  inUftbiUnt.t  of  Vlrginlu.  I  hnvc  no  knowledge  ornny  ofder  (I!<^tited  In 
the  lonns  Your  ExctllcDcy  has  (jimti^d  tu  your  letter  of  the  .td  iiutuHt,  Imt 
I  know  LliiiL  fill  thp  o!TJc<t»  Imvr  Ihv.-ii  furbiii,  umirr  the  iimst  Hovpru  pen- 
alties, to  tftke  any  Kejfro  lulo  llielr  service,  or  even  to  rocetvo  t]xvta  lut« 

CftUip. 

•■  ThRAc  prei;uuclonii  are  not  only  dictated  by  Justice,  but  also  by  r«cip- 
rocAl  interest.  Tour  Excclltncy  having  takco  the  sAmc  steps  to  have  our 
deserters  apprehended  thnt  wl-  have  tnkeii  to  prevent  tlie  deserliuu  of 
your  Negroc-H,  liiit  I  niii  norryto  he  ob|[gi-d  to  t»<II  Your  Excellency  In  con- 
BdoDce,  tbat  w«  hrtd  clnlmed  as  property  of  the  InhahltaiiU  of  Virginia, 
several  tii>r!<e<i  and  Neurocs,  the  (IrM  of  tvliiclj  bunvbt  more  tliun  a  ycRr 
■go  \a  C'unucdicut,  luid  the  latter  purchiised  fl-utn  prUe.'i  lahtiu  by  French 
Hlilpa.  At  all  events,  I  request  Your  Kxcelk-iicy  to  he  pemuadcd  thut  no 
person  re^pet'ls  more  than  I  do  tlic  Idhk  aud  properly  of  tv  people,  who 
bavin?  made  so  many  clTortA  to  assure  lis  Itberly,  has  a  sapedor  right  to 
nil  olherit  to  enjoy  erfiTr  udvantngu  that  can  br  drstn-d  ftom  It.  Your 
ExcellcDCf  will  permit  □I'e  to  express  the  regret  t  have  to  cjutt  this  coud- 
Iry  without  having  tlie  bunur  of  xeeing  you,  and  at  thu  suniu  time  of  a<tsur 
log  you  in  person  of  tlic  Ncntimeuta  with  which  I  hnve  the  honor  to  be 
"  Your  ExecUeucy's  most  obedient  humble  servant. 


'•Nkw  CAinTLK,  July  15,  \7»-2. 
'llla  Excellency  Qovemor  Uorrlsoa." 


504 


RHODE   ISLAND   TS  THE   REVOLUTION. 


At  longtb,  tUo  day  of  dcjmrlurc  arrived.  Oil  the  23d  of 
Juno,  the  tirst  divittiuii  commenced  tts  march,  and  pnAscd 
through  Frederick slnu-g,  Alexmidris  and  Georgetown  to 
Baltimore,  the  ])oint  chosen  for  the  reunion  ofuU  the  trooiui, 
and  there  hulled.  The  third  divUton,  under  the  Count  do 
Viomesnil,  marched  to  Newcjutlc,  where  its  commaoder 
haltet]  and  gave  a  li;ill.  He  then  passed  through  Hnnover- 
town,  Frederic ksbiiig  and  Alexandria,  where,  hy  invitation, 


^ 


* 


w 


{Fruui  n  FrcneU  Rcgmtlag,) 


he  dined  with  Mrs.  VVashinjtiflon,  and  reached  Baltimore 
June  27lh.  The  fourtli  divij^km,  conaisting  of  the  regi- 
ment of  Saintonge,  and  of  a  detriehinent  of  nrtiUery,  com- 
manded by  the  Count  de  Custinc,  look  tip  its  line  of  march 
July  4tb,  and  in  due  thue  joined  the  other  <livisi(n>!?  at  Bal- 
timore, then  a  city  of  ci^ht  or  nine  thousand  inhabilanta. 
During  the  time  the  army  halted  at  Bullimorc,  the  neatness 
of  its  iippearancc,  and  the  orderly  conduct  of  the  soldiers, 
made  a  very  (nvorahlc  imprc!i.sion.  On  the  23d  of  August, 
the  army  commenced  its  march  by  divisioust  and  passing 


OUB  PEENCH  ALLIES.  505 

through  Washington,  Philadelphia,  and  Trenton,  reached 
C'rompond,  on  the  North  river,  -on  the  14th  of  September. 
It  was  received  with  military  honors.  As  the  American 
troops'  tiled  before  Washington  and  the  Count,  the  latter 
expressed  his  satisfaction  with  their  soldierly  bearing,  and 
said  to  Washington  :  "  You  have  formed  an  alliance  with  the 
King  of  Prussia.  These  troops  are  Prussians,"  *—  a 
deserved  complimont  to  the  system  of  tactics  introduced  by 
the  Baron  Steuben. 


BIRTH  OF  THE  DAUPHIN. 

|N  the  Slat  of  May,  1782,  the  army  at  Newburgh,  by 
order  of  Washington,  celebrated  the  birth  of  the 
Dauphin  of  France,  by  a  parade,  by  the  discharge  of  artil- 
lery, and  by  a.  feu-de-joie  by  the  infantry.  An  elegant  din- 
ner was  given  in  an  immense  pavilion,  erected  for  the  pur- 
pose by  Major  ViUefranche,  a  French  engineer.  At  this 
dinner  upwards  of  five  hundred  ladies  were  present,  among 
them  being  Mrs.  Washington,  Mrs.  Clinton,  Mrs.  Knox, 
Mrs.  Livingston,  Mrs.  Rand,  and  Mrs.  Montgomery.  In 
the  evening,  a  brilliant  ball  was  held  in  the  pavilion,  on 
which  occasion  Washington,  selecting  Mrs.  Knox  for  a  part- 
ner, gracefully  led  down  the  dance. 

On  the   15th  of  July,  the  French   Minister,  M.  de  la 

Luzerne,  commemorated  the   same   event  in  Philadelphia 

with  an  elaborate  display  that  surpassed  even  the  brilliant 

•  "  Mhchianza,"  given  by  British  officers 

yyj^^t^J-^     ^"  honor  of  Sir  William  Howe,  on  the 

eve  of  his  departure  for  England.f 

•Thatcber. 

tThc'ilflfcAlansa  wai  clilclljr  a  tilt  and  a  tournainent,  with  other  ent«rtatiiin«ntt.    It 
took  place  at  Wharton's  countrjr  seat,  near  Pbjladelphla,  while  tbat  clt;  wat  Id  poMcisioa 

64 


506 


RHODE  IftLANt>   TK    TRK    REVOLUTION. 


Dr.  lluiijtiiniti  Kiii^h,  in  a  lotter  to  u  lady  friend,  tinted 
July  ll>,  1782,  ond  published  in  The  Porttblio,  Vohirue  IV., 
Is  17.  describes  this  fiite  in  bonoi-  of  tlio  DaupUin's  birth- 
diiy  in  ;jl«>win;Er  terms.  For  sonn'  days  prior  U*  the  enter- 
Ijiinmcnt,  hair-di*es3ors  were  retaitiod,  shops  wore  crowded 
with  cu!itouiert»,  nud  the  nhility  of  tnilors,  luilliners  and 
nDinttin-tnakorti  wax  tastod  to  the  utmoitt.  The  cingngemoaU 
of  the  gentlemen  of  the  comb  were  so  numerous,  thiit  on  tho 
ntorniiig  of  tbo  cvoiitftil  duy,  muny  ladies  were  oblij^d  to 
hnvo  their  4iend»  dressed  between  four  and  six  oV-ltick. 

Xo  pains  were  spared  to  give  to  the  evening  a  splendor 
cuiumoiisurnte  with  the  dignity  of  the  occasiorj.  A  building 
for  n  dancing-room  was  erected,  sixty  feet  in  front  and  forty 
feet  deej>,  tind  the  ceiling  wtis  decorated  with  emblemutienl 
])iiintint^.  The  adjacent  pirdcn  whs  cut  iiiio  heautifid 
wnlks,  and  divided  into  artificial  groves.  The  ciiiitiite  was 
provided  with  thirty  cooks,  obtained  from  the  French  army. 
Kloven  himdrt'd  tickets  of  invlUition  wci-c  is.siied,  forty  being 
sent  to  tlie  Governor  of  each  State,  for  distribution  to  the 
jirtncipal  olIioer«  and  gentlemen  of  their  resjjcctive  govern- 
ments. A  similar  ntimbor  was  sent  to  Genera!  Washington, 
to  be  distributed  to  the  principal  officers  of  the  army.  At 
half-past  eight  o'clock,  the  dancing  was  commenced  and  con- 
tinued until  midnight.  At  nine  o'clock,  there  wa»  a  fine  dis- 
play of  rockets.  The  illuminated  garihiii,  the  splendor  of  the 
bnll-rodin,  the  large  as.serablage,  the  lirilliaiiey  and  variety 
of  the  ladiefi'  dre!!<«es,  aud  the  mui^ic  of  the  band  filling  the 
air  with  exhilarating  .sounds,  ibnned  a  scene  of  enchantment 
never  t'cfore  witnessed  in  Philadelphia.  With  considerate 
thoughtfulncss,  arrangements  wore  ntatio  »o  that  an  outside 
crowd  of  ten  thousand  persons  could  be  gratitiod  with  a 


«r  Ihe  BritUli.  Tlie  iouriJ«mrui  beiwpcu  ■«*cii  "  kulgliu  of  tliv  blendcl  roic"  aail  t*m 
"  kni);li!9  or  llicbumlncRiountiiin"  wa,  r»lla<n<-i3  hy  h  lioH  umlit  lujijipr.  Thi- uIiIm  wore 
llliiml»al«l  ^tI  thire  Uvwitvd  kbx  tn|ipr<.  On  tlw  loliln*  wTt-  faur  liumlrcd  >nd  thlrt)r 
covrnniiiliwclYG  liuiidnd 'luiisi.  Tlic  cDUrtikliimc^utwM  i>UiiDrdbrC*|iUlitMoiKr*»of. 
iu*l>lcil  b/  a«JHillillIri-  ol  wlilcll  Slj^iit  Aiidn-  w&a  iinc. 


ODR   FRENCH   AI.LIES. 


507 


sight  of  (he  company  and  onterlaiDiuont,  while  in«ide,  under 
the  orchcBtra,  "wrs  n  privnte  room  whore  eevenil  Quaker 
hidies,  whose  droaa  wonld  not  ponnit  them  to  join  the 
Asscmblj,',  were  iiiduljied  with  u  sight  of  tJie  comjiany 
through  a  gmiiw  curtain." 

At  twelve  o'clock,  supper  eucceedeU  dancing,  during  which 
the  distinguished  host,  with  the  splendor  of  thu  ininiift«r  ami 


Hhe   .Minister    o/"  France 
prefentshis  Compllmtnti  to 

si/  rffafjft  tht  HtHtar  •/  yi^^-T      Prt/tntt  at  am  Intir' 
tamatni,  U  ttUiralt  tht  Birii  </"/«#  Da  U  fN  i  re,  •* 
^i^   //",      •/ J  ULr  ■#*•/,  «r  h»i/  njttrjtvi»  t'Chri. 

Thi  LaJiu  •will  ht  j»  tHifi'i  </  /•  frtviJt  tbim/tlvii 

miilu  Partntn  hftrt  lit    E-vtH.-Mg.      At    ihur   Entraiit*,    w 

ihe  Msaagtri  v.ill  tavr  lit  H^ii^r  ta  ffl/tH    thim  with   U 

tilt  Sinmitri  »f  ihiir   Sit.  ^ 

Piilt.Aaii.riiiA,  JuKS     ■ — ■   J78J.  V 


the  politeness  of  n  gentlemnn,  walked  nhmg  the  tsihles,  and 
nddre^ed  himself  in  pnrticular  to  each  lady. 

.^jj^  _.  The  n8*embly,  on  this 

'  ^^f^^-^f^  occasion,  sa.V8  Dr.  Ifiuh, 

"was  tnily  Kepuhliaiu.'' 
AVnshingtoii  honored  it  with  hi.s  presence.  Here  also  meti 
in  apparent  haniiony,  all  ranks,  paiiies,  and  prnfessions, 
government  officers  of  all  gi-ndes,  clergymen,  lawyore,  doc- 
tors, merchants,'  tradesmen,  stat^ismen,  judges,  the  college 
faculty,  nrmy  officers,  and  ladies  and  gentlemen  of  the  mo«t 
ancient  as  well  as  luoderu  families. 


508 


RBODE   ISLAND    IN   THE   REVOLUTION. 


"Here  were  to  be  seen  the  extremes  of  tlie  ctviliKed  and 
savage  life.  An  Indian  Chief,  in  his  snvage  biibits,  and  the 
Count  liochunibcnu.  in  his  splendid  uniform,  talked  with 
each  other  :is  if  they  had  been  the  subjects  of  the  same  gov- 
rrninont,  ticncnils  in  the  same  iirmy,  and  partukere  of  the 
anme  blessings  of  civilized  life." 

About  one  o'clock,  the  comjjnny  began  to  retire,  and  Iwfore 
three  o'clock,  the  brilliant,  unique  pageant  was  succeeded  by 
darkness  and  silence  in  the  Minister's  house  and  garden,* 
Tlu;  form  of  the  tickets  of  invitation  is  shown  on  (he  pre- 
ceding ]>age  by  a  fac-simile  copy  of  the  one  addressed  to 
Colonel  I'eck-I 


■niiiulbc«ntbelntcntlaaaf  iheChevaiLIi^rdela  LanrnelodlitHbutv  twopl^iwofwlm 
niid  ilx  tiuiidTPil  ilullBri  In  amaJI  chntigc  nincmir  Hit  uutililF  thruD^.  but  rrom  |iroitfnltAl 
mntUpnilliin*  Uip  pluo  vu*  ■bnii'tviiiil,  nnil  t)iv  mmiry  wiu  ilMrlbuIml  nwong  Ihv  jirlKia- 
m  III  Ihi-Jalli  nnil  tlu-  jMlli-iiIn  In  thir  liiioiiilala  at  lh«i  rlly. 

Thv  Clirralivr  do  U  I.iixi-riir,  wttllf  In  Plitlaalrliibla,  lltnl  En  ilia  ('■r]ic>iit#T  nuumiun,  aiMJ 
liBd  hi*  covnirT  sral  on  tlie  Itlitcc  Koad,  Dw  L«unil  Hill,  a  (fe«r  mCle*  hvra  thu  h«An  ot 
Uip  «lly. 

OK^iin.U.  IIOWK,  pp.  .IIS.  MM.— GcncMl  Sir  WUllun  Uowe,  while  laalatiiinlBii  hU  qiiiir- 
Ifr*  tn  rhllutc>t|ihia,  ■ft^iMl  anil  tf«n«i>rt<<<1  to  hi*  own  ui»,  Ihe  cflsch  mni  horw,  of  Mar]' 
l'c■ub^rton.  a  proniintnt  ini'mbi-r  ol'  the  Society  Of  t'Hends.  He  wiu  a  mui  ut  lint'  n|[ntT'. 
waa  AilI  *ix  tret  In  ticii;lll.  anil  waa  well  pnipDrtluncd.  Id  inaniivn  he  wa*  gnicrfiil  DiKl 
illgiilflvd.  lie  uiTTUplinl  n  lioiur  on  11)^1  Kim-i, sntTwiwil*  tlio  rtd-ileiKie  of  GmimnI  Waah. 
lojliaa. 

tColomet  G«ciriE«  reck,  ton  or  IIotiIcI  and  IlajkMtill  (Utxler]  Peek,  wiu  lioni  In  Cvai- 
bcrlaail,  II.  I.,arpt»ml>pr3d,  ITJv.  II*  niarrlrcl  llrvt,  I'licbr  Wlilgiple,  lUtigliU-rorsiepbrn 
Wlilpplr,  tiy  whom  111)  bail  CFUrii  clillOrwii  i  and  iFcorKl,  I'ticbp  Kallvii,  dniistitit  uf  KlUha 
Uallcu.arf'iimbrrtand,  tiywIinmhrlinilAischlliln-ii.  llr  i-iirly 'uli'n-'l  Ihr  mltllArjiMrvtec. 
In  1777,  lion  a*  Miijnr  nt  ilin  ■mmil  ri-Klniml  of  RiUltiii  In  llorniiiitj-nf  i*mv[iI«DO>>.  Islte 
iiiiDGr«ur,  ki*  vA>i  «)[umlMioni.-di_'ol«nel,kniJ  wu  aUu  AppolDtcJoneorUic  mralllaf  oA- 
wra  toll)  "i>  I  III'  biillolton  rnifpi)  within  t  lie  State.  Iti  1778,  he  wimcIiom'ii  I'nptaln  of  the 
"Ciimbvrlnixl  ItaiiX'-Tii."  In  17't),  lie  wn>iipi<u)nli-i]  b;  Uie  tonn  a  mMnlwr  iiraeaniniirt** 
10  randuct  A  lotterr  for  erecting  a  brlUjt^  bi'lirprn  Cui»l>crluni]  and  SmllblMd.  Ot  tooh  a 
|iruntini-nt  purl  IdIuwd  alTBlrt.  und  rr-iirrH-nti'd  It  In  (tie  liviiiTBl  AHcmblj'.  ColAnel  Pn:k 
*crved  111  Ihr  Klii>li!  lilnnd  nj^tnoni,  iii  Vorkiown.  Abour  Kta,  \xr  rvmovud  fhvin  Cuiuber- 
land  lo  KailpDrl,  Mr.,  suit  mlilfil  Tor  hM-ml  yriin  ujinii  Ihn  lilanit  of  r«itipiilH't1o.  He 
r*c«lvn]  a  pcnilan  (br  lairral  yoara  bi-forii  lili  dvalh.  Count  .'<<'](iir,  who  ^njaycd  hU  lloi> 
[dUilirai  Ilia  rural  lioino.  In  < 'umberland,  ipcakt  of  blm.  nii,l  of  Mr*.  IVck.  In  (i-rma  of 
wami  ail  111  Irn  I  lull.  t'uLuni.-l  Pick  waa  a  tneiDbtv  of  Ibc  Rliwli-  NIjkmI  Soctitif  ul  Ihu  (.'lit. 
olnnatl- 


OUU  FRENCH  AIJ.IE6. 


509 


COUNT   S^GUR   AND  WASHINGTON. 

BKEAKIXG  CAMP.-CONTIXUED  KAItCH  OF  THE  TKOOPS—THEV 
BEACH  RHODE  ISLAND.-CORRESPONDENCE  BETWEEN  CCV- 
EKNOB  OHEENE  ANU  KOCHAMllEAU.  — AKRIVAL  OF  THE 
AltMY  tN  PKOVmENCE— QUARTERSD  ON  "THE  OLD  CAMP- 
OUOUNI),"— rUBLK'  EECEITIOS  TO  THE  OFFICKItH.-SrEUAI. 
STRUCK  IS  HONOR  OF  FRENCH  AIDS  TO  A«EEICAS  LIB- 
ERT V.—ROCH  AM  BEAtT.  ACCOMPANIED  BY  SEVERAL  FRENCH 
OFFICERS.  RETLRSB  TO  FRANIK  -  DISTISOUTSHED  RECEP- 
TION BY  THE  KINO.-MILITAKV  RANK  BESTOWED  CfON  A 
NUMBER  OF  THE  FRENCH  OKKICEKS.-SKETCH  OF  <IES'ERAL 
LjVFATETTE.- LETTKB  OF  APPRECIATION  FROM  WASJUNO- 
TON  TO  ROCHAM BEAU.— NOTICE  OF  EOCHAMBEAC. 


i^fJTjIILK  at  Ooinpoml,  Count  St^giir  was  introduced 
lo  H'ashiugloii,  wlio  received  him  with  gi-cat  kind- 
ness, "  He  8p<ikL>  to  me,"  writes  Ibe  Count,  "  of  the  grati- 
tude which  hi.s  cnimlry  would  ever  retain  for  the  King  of 
FraiH'o,  and  ibr  his  g«i!icix)us  nsaistance  ;  highly  extolled  the 
wisdom  and  skill  of  (fencral,  fount  de  Kochamhoau,  express- 
ing hiiiisc'll"  honored  hy  hnviiig  desen-ed  and  obtained  his 
friendship ;  warmly  commended  the  hravery  and  discipline 
of  onr  army;  and  ponoliideil  hy  Bpcaking  to  mc  in  very 
obliging  and  handsome  terms  of  my  father,  whose  long  ser- 
vit-08  and  ntniieroua  wounds  were  becoming  ornaincntfl,  he 
saiil,  to  a  Minister  of  war." 

On  the  22d  of  October,  the  army  broke  camp  atC'rompond, 
and  mnrehed  to  King's  ferry,  where  it  waa  received  by  the 
continental  troops  with  military  honors.  General  Washing- 
ton, wishing  to  teatity  his  respect  for  France,  and  his  grali- 
tndc  for  the  benefits  of  the  alliance,  drew  up  the  American 
furces  in  two  lines,  through  which  the  allies  passed.  As 
a  further  token  of  civility,  be  also  cau»ed  fai^  dnimu  to  boat 


BRODE  ISLAKD  W  THE  BHTOLUTIOK. 

the  French  march  during  the  entire  review,  and  the  two 
firmics  rojoiccd  with  the  moat  sensible  murks  of  reciprocal 
stttisfaL'tion.  On  this  occasion,  the  American  troops  were 
dressed  nnd  e(^tiipped,  for  the  lirst  time  since  the  KctoIu- 
tion,  in  part  from  the  stiifFe  and  amis  brought  from  France, 
and  in  pnrt  from  the  English  magaziues  taken  fi-om  Com- 
wullis,  which  iljQ  Frcneli  army  hiid  genemusly  given  up  to 
them.* 

MARCH    TO    l'UOV|]>ENGE    AND    ItOSTOX. 

The  French  army  remained  in  rpstftil  condition  at  Crom- 
pond  until  Octuher  ^2d.  when  it  having  been  decided  that 
no  further  service  would  Iks  retpiired  of  the  allies  in  Amer- 
icfl,  the  Count  de  Kochamheau  dcteiinined  to  set  hi?!  com- 
mand in  motioi;  for  Itnston,  there  to  be  embarked  ou  an 
expedition  against  the  A\'ost  Jndi<^it.  Accordingly,  on  tho 
day  above  mentioned,  the  army  broke  camp,  and  in  divi- 
sions,   by    easy    mnreiie^,    pursnoil    \U    designated    route. 

Tlic  following  incident,  which  occurred  on  the  evo  of 
leaving  Crompond,  is  related  by  Count  S^gur: 

"AC  the  moment  of  onr  quUtlns  tlio  ciunp  of  Croinpond,  nnd  as  M.  de 
II.  wafi  procccdttiiT  nt  Uw  liefl<I  of  his  column*,  suirootKled  hy  hts  brillluit 
mUAT,  nil  Amerlcftii  ji)i|iro!trli«il  liinit  ln|i]ii-tl  hlin  iili;j[litl>'  <i)i  llu-  i>)ioi)Mer, 
nnd  Khowliig  tiini  n  piippr  he  hi-lit  In  liln  linn<l.  Haiti  to  lilm  :  '  In  Uw  aumt: 
r>r  the  law,  yoii  nru  my  prlsoner't  S«ver«l  yi>ui)a  ofllctfrswere  liutlgnant 
Kttlil*  luauU  olTurvil  tu  Uiclr  CIl-ultiiI,  liul  liu  res iriiluvd  tlK'itr  luipuUeiUK 
bjr  ■  sIbd,  atnllcil.  ntul  mild  to  the  Aiiiprlcnii :  '  Tnkc  mc;  anay  tvltli  you.  if 
you  can.'  '  No,'  Tvpllort  the  Ainerlcuii. '  I  have  tloni-  my  duty,  nnd  Yoor 
Excellcocy  nuiy  proccrd  on  your  mnrch,  If  you  wish  to  set  justice  at  dofl- 
aiice;  ill  lliul  4-aHC,  I  only  :vtk  Ui  \ti;  nllnwiHl  to  withdrnw  uiiinoleitt«d. 
Soioi?  (Mjldlcrs  oT  Hio  dlt-lslon  of  SMissoiiuaU  have  cut  doiru  3«rcral  trc^s 
and  liurcit  thvm  to  U^iht  iliuir  llrc«;  tlit.'  owiirr  of  thciii  clnline  nn  liiilem- 
nlly.  nuid  lias  nbtalni-d  a  wnrraiit  agiilnflt  you.  whicli  I  come  to  execute.' 

"  M.  de  liochamheHii,  Iinvlnj  heard  this  (-sjilntiatlnn.  wlilcli  wiw  tman* 
Intcd  to  hliii  by  one  iif  hi^  nIdL-K-dc-camp.  called  M.  dc  VIUcmaiiKy,  now  a 
peer  of  Frauce.  and  tlicii  Intendant  of  llie  amiy,  appolnttHt  him  to  be  his 
ball,  aud  ordered  Ulm  to  oettlc  tlits  affiiir,  nnd  to  pay  wtiat  shotdd  b«  con* 


•  MMiitfln,p.  M*. 


OUB   FRENCH   ALLIES. 


511 


P 


vldcrod  Ailr.  if  tbe  liitlcmnlty  he  htid  »1rciid>'  ofltTi^il  was  nol  tlioutitit  suf- 
flcletit.  Tlie  Amorlcan  then  wtthrlrow,  anil  tho  General  and  ti)it  army, 
which  hart  tlina  been  arreted,  by  n  coiwtttMe,  i-onllnufrt  Uu-ir  inarch.  A 
JiiclgiiioDt  uf  Hrbltration  wak  aftrrwairU  |>rom>iinced,  fixing  iwo  IhmiiiAnd 
fradCH,  i1int  In  lu  »ay,  »  ions  buiii  tbnti  Ibc  GuDcral  bud  olTcred,  fiii  the 
aiiiuunl  of  (Ininngra  duo  to  this  nqjust  proprietor,  who  bud  clntinud  |if(««|i 
tboiisaad,  nnd  wlio  wn»  even  condemned  to  pay  coslw." 


ProPcc(lin.g  withf^nit  further  deliiy,  the  urmy,  hy  easy 
marclietj,  rmtclied  Hiirtfonl.  wliftn;  il  litLlted  tour  daya.  To 
secure  it  tigniiii^l  exurliilaut  vliurgi>ti,  in  passing  lUroiigh 
Connecticut,  Governor  Triiiulmll  and  Council  isbued  a  proc- 
lamation requesting  thf  inlmliitants  not  to  cnlmnec  ilie  prices 
of  any  commodities  that  might  be  wanted  hy  the  French, 
wlkifh  was  so  generally  observed,  that  the  soldiei-s  obtained 
daily,  at  very  low  cost,  all  sorts  of  providionm  to  add  to 
their  ordinary  mtious. 

On  the  4th  of  November,  the  army  resumed  its  march.  It 
encamped  at  Coventry,  in  Rhode  Island.  The  General 
Assembly  hfing  then  in  session  sit  Kast  Gremiwiph,  tho 
Cotmt  i\o.  Hnchamheau  applied  to  tJic  Siaf.c  govornmont  for 
cpmrters  for  officei-H  while  in  Providouco,  and  the  Assembly 
appointed  (Vilonel  Dunirl  'I'iUinghast  and  Major  JohnAVhiiJ- 
ple  a  committee  to  make  the  necessary  sin-angomenta.  For 
this  purpose,  at>  interview  wsui  held  with  the  Count,  at 
Waterman's  tavern,  in  Coventry.  The  only  otlier  noticeable 
event,  while  ihe  aiiny  lay  there,  was  the  loss  of  two  fat 
oxen,  strayed  nr  ntulen  from  the  camp  abaUoir,  fur  which  a 
reward  of  nine  crowns  was  olVered. 

While  at  ('oveutry,  the  following  correspondence  passed 
between  Governor  Grcone,  in  behalf  of  the  Council  and 
Bopresentatives,  and  the  Count : 

"  To  Uin  ExcettritCij  Count  tie  Soehambeitv,  Cumtnanrlef  of  Ihe  arm)/  0/  fliJ 

JUrmt  ChrUlinn  il'ijestv  in  tht  United  StaCtt  : 

"  Tho  (iovci'iior.  roiiiicll  umt  IU'|»rost-'iitatlv*ji  of  Uiu  Stnli.-  of  lUtode 
litliitiil  iinJ  rrovliU-ncf  I'liiiitstimiB,  iu  U<'iiernl  AsM'iiibly  cotivuiwd,  bolu^ 
excited  hy  the  «liiccre<)t  alluchinunt  nad  respect,  present  their  iiio6t  aflbo- 
TlDi)at«  and  curdhil  Hckiiu>vlv<lt;inniU  lu  Vour  Esd'Huncy,  nud  the  oiUcers 


512 


RHODE  IBLAXIl  tN  THE  BEVOLCTIOS. 


antl  troops  coinpo8in;i  itie  armj  uuiler  j'our  cominand,  for  tlic  gnM  nml 
viuluciil  sf^rviceB  rcndcreil  sinro  your  timt  nrrlvul  In  UiIk  Stale. 

"  Nothing  can  cqiinl  our  flilmlrntlnn  At  the  mnnncr  In  which  you  bare  par- 
ticipated witb  ttiL'  army  of  tlic  ViiiLcil  States,  in  the  futigties,  lli«  tolls  and 
the  Klory,llial  bavv  aitciiilttLl  tbe  ullIcO  annieA.biit  the  inafpiattiniUjoribe 
nitber  or  1II«  people,  and  tli«  rrotect'jr  ol  tli«  rigbu  of  niBiikltiil. 

'■  Our  InqulGtudo  at  the  prospect  of  yoor  removal  woulil  be  (nexprcMl- 
t)Ie,  but  IVoiii  thv  fullest  conviction  of  the  wlxdom  that  directs  the  council* 
of  Hts  Moat  Cbrlstlan  Malesty. 

■*  May  l)i;n.vf  n  reward  yonr  exerLloni)  In  tbc  cause  of  liiimaiilty,  and  thu 
l>arttculur  regard  you  linvc  paid  to  the  rlglits  oT  the  citizens;  and  may 
your  laurvU  be  crowned  by  Ibe  smiIeK  of  tlie  beat  or  kings,  and  the  grntc- 
fktl  rocMiiiTi  of  thu  most  genvrous  people. 

"  Done  in  Geueiiil  .\3sembly,  si  Rast  Greenwlcb,  this  37tb  day  of  Novem- 
ber, A,  V.  17^2,  mid  in  the  seventh  year  of  Indopcndencc. 
"I  bav«  Uic  honor  to  be.  In  behalf  of  tbe  Council  and  Itcpresciitaiivea, 
"  With  great  esteem  and  respect, 
■*  Your  ExccIicQcy'is  most  obedient  sud  ver^*  hnmMe  aer^'a[|t, 

WILLIAM  OKEENK. 

Gotemor. 
By  order : 

SAMiritt.  Warp, 

I>.  Stcretarif." 


ltK.SPO.V8B    OP    TIIR     COUNT    DE     HOCHAMIlEAf. 

"  To  the  aovenor.  OouMfl  aitd  Bepnttutatioe*  oj  tht  State  uf  Jihode  Maitd 

and  ProMenee  I'ttmtatioiu : 

"  I'KovmKNCK,  November  2S,  ITM. 

"GRXTiJtMKS: — It  ia  with  au  Inexpresalblo  pleasure,  that  I  and  the 
troop»  under  my  coiciumnd  have  received  the  mnrks  of  esteem  and  of 
ackQowU'djcmeut,  whk'h  yau  are  so  good  as  to  give  to  tho  services  which 
M-e  have  been  happy  enough  to  remler  to  the  I'Mlted  States  JolnUy  with 
the  .American  oriny,  under  the  orders  of  General  Wfislilngtoo. 

"This  .State  is*  the  first  we  bare  been  acqtiahitcd  with.  The  IVIendly 
behavior  of  ii«  Inbabltunls  now.  And  at  our  arrival  here,  will  give  them 
always  a  rlKtic  to  our  sratltuile. 

"The  conlldcncc  you  liavu  In  llie  wi-sdcm  of  the  view*  of  our  sovereign, 
aa  to  the  dli^poslltuu  and  tbe  march  of  Ills  troops,  must  likewise  assure  yoo 
tbftt  nn  no  occasion  whatever  be  will  separate  his  Intercata  from  those  of 
bis  nilthnil  allies. 


OUR   FRENCH  ALUBS. 


513 


Tbus  terminated  the  officiiil  relutions  of  Rhode  Island  and 
her  foreign  gue&ts.  The  comoiuuicatiun^,  thus  intorchnnged , 
were  titling  words  with  which  to  part,  as  lestimonies  of 
mutiml  rcgaixi.  ■ 

On  the  ilth  of  November,  the  army  arrived  in  Provi- 
dence, und  enaimpcd  on  "  Mathewson's  Plain."  The  next 
day,  it  man^hcd  through  the  town,  and  went  appnrt'iitly 
into  winter-quarters  on  the  old  camp-ground,  in  Xorlh  Provi- 
dence. It  was  a  gnind  spectacle,  and  the  veterans  hearing 
the  honors  of  Wtrktown  were  enthusiastically  greeted  by 
tlie  crowds  that  lined  the  sti-eets.  The  arraiigenicnta,  seem- 
ingly for  winter,  were  intended  lo  mislead  the  enemy  as  to 
the  acluni  design  of  the  I'^rencb  Commander.  The  officers 
gencrully  were  ngain  welcomed  to  the  homes  of  citizens, 
with  whose  hospitality  they  had  become  so  pleasantly  fiimil- 
iar  in  the  winter  of  1780-^1.* 

In  anticipation  of  the  roturn  of  the  allied  forces  to  Provi- 
dence, a  correspondent  of  the  Gazette  recommended  that 
measures  be  taken  to  receive  them  in  a  manner  worthy  of 
the  important  services  they  had  rendered  to  the  country. 
"Let  us  consider."  he  said,  "(he  great  toils  and  hai-dsliipt»  they 
have  cheerfully  liuilergone  in  America, —  the  many  cold  and 
stormy  days  and  nights  they  have  been  exposed  abroad, 
equally  with  our  own  worthy  and  patriotic  army.  Let  us 
learn,  {'  »(tvoir  pcnlre  apropos^')  'to  know  how  to  lose  a  lit- 
tle at  a  proper  time.'  Lot  our  ladies  be  pei-suaded  cheer- 
fully to  suflcr  a  part  of  their  houses  and  furniture  to  be  \iscd 
a  few  days  by  those  who  have  rendered  their  conntry  such 
essential  services.  This  will  be  but  a  small  sacriHce  com- 
pared with  the  Roman  ladies,  who  repeatedly,  in  the  exigen- 
cies of  the  Slate,  cheerfully  gave  np  their  rings,  diamonds, 
and  personal  ornaments.  They  will  thus  raise  their  chamc- 
lers  for  patriotism  and  hospitality,  to  be  carried  on  the  wings 
of  applause  across  tho  Atlantic,  to  that  famed  country  whore 


■Aut«,  pp  32U.  127. 


•B 


514 


RHODE  ISLAND   IN   THE  REVOLUTION. 


women  arc  hold  in  the  highest  estimution  for  their  kindnesH, 
benevolence  nnd  hospitality.  Our  charocterft  will  now  una- 
voidably be  uiarkijJ.  The  farewell  interview  makes  an 
iinprcssian  nImoNt  as  lasting  on  the  mind  as  that  which  gives 
the  first  intcrriew.  It  is  theivfore  of  importance  that  wc 
embrace  this  u|>|iurtunity  of  showing  our  gratitude  and 
respeot  for  this  worthy  army.**  *  What  influence  this  j-eooni- 
mcndation  bad  npon  the  action  of  the  citizens,  i»  unknown. 
But  a  public  dinner  to  the  officers,  and  other  hnspitulrties 
exiwrienced  during  their  brief  !*tay,  gave  undoubted  proof  of 
tbe  pleasure  their  presence  atfoi'ded,  as  they  uIm)  did  of  the 
high  estimate  in  which  their  services  to  the  State  and  to  tbe 
country  were  held. 

With  cbai-seteristie  gsillantry,  these  civilities  were  freely 
reciproL-flted  by  the  French  offieers.  The  Providence 
Gazette  contains  a  paragraph,  stating  that  "on  Monday 
evening  last  Count  Kuckatnbeuu  gave  a  splenditi  hall  to  the 
gcntlomcr  and  Indies  of  tlie  town." 

"M.  do  Kochauibeau,  desirous  of  jiioving  to  tbe  last 
moment,  by  his  private  conduct,  as  ho  had  done  by  the  great 
norviccs  he  had  rendered,  how  anxious  he  was  to  secure  the 
affection  of  the  Americans,  ahil  be  regretted  by  them,  gave 
sevemi  balls  and  ast^emblies  at  Providence,  which  were 
attended  by  all  the  neigbhorbood,  within  ten  leagues  of  tho 
city."t 

With  reference  to  these  cntcrtainnirnts,  the  Prince  de 
Broglie  wi-ote  ; 

"  M.  dc  IlochKnibcan,  much  vexed  with  tli*  iH-rpctua)  delays  of  the 
fleet,  nevLTlliHeftw  belinveil  nt  Providence  llkv  u  tlioroiiKhly  gnod  Krtiich 
Gi'Dural;  ttiiit  Ik  to  ««y.  In  ordvr  to  divert  hl»  oriuy,  aad  g^rntff)'  the  Indlcii 
of  the  citjr.  bv  gave  some  balls  In  a  liandftornc  and  larse  public  upsrtiiirnt 
Intended  Ajt  such  purposes.  It  was  ut  tJK-  tir»l  of  tlivite  hitlls  thai  I  9s>r 
fur  itiu  ficul  time  the  MItiseti  Bowvit,  si>iU'rH  of  the  GuYnrnur  of  ihc  city. 
I  do  not  give  Llieir  pnrtraltH  hor'>  bt-caiise  I  <)o  not  WAnt  to  tarn  all  tlic 
men  cnizy,  nnd  i-ender  nil  the  woincii  Jealous.     I   will   content  oiyactf 

•rraTMcoce  Oai«<te,  NoT«mb«t  S,  COL 


S16 


BHODE  ISLAND  IN  TnE  REVOLtTTION. 


rose  from  his  father's  btickler.  sbowing^  thai  the  American 
Confederacy  had  been  miraed  in  war,  nnd  killed  two  8eri>ents, 
alliiding  to  the  two  armies  captured  at  Saratoga  and  York- 
town.  The  dates  of  these  eajiiluhitionsweL-e  placed  beneath. 
Great  Britain,  nnder  the  figure  of  u  Leop«rd,  attacked  the 
child,  who  Wild  defeate<l  by  u  Minerva,  beaiing  the  Ii!ic3  on 
her  iiiiield,  nnd  charactcrizin;^  the  generous  ussistanco  we  hud 
received  from  tlie  French  allies.  The  legend,  no«  sine  dia 
ar\imo«u8  in/ans,  wrs  a  line  from  Horace,  inipoiting,  that 
the  coiimgeona  infant  had  not  been  without  divine  ussist- 
RDcc.  A  copy  of  this  medal  was  received  by  a  young  gen- 
tleman of  Boston,  iu  May,  1784. 

Genera]  Kochambeau,  having  seen  that  proper  provision 
had  been  made  for  the  army,  delivered  the  commaud  to  the 
Baron  de  Viomoanil,  and,  accompanied  by  the  MarqiiiH  de 
Cliastetlux.  M.  de  Biivilte  and  M.  de  Cboisy,  returned  to  Phil- 
adelphia, pivpnralory  to  returning  to  hi8  native  hind.  lie 
embarkc<l  on  board  the  frigate  "  Knierande,"  and  left  the 
cf^C9  of  the  C'hei^apeuke  uu  tho  14th  of  January,  1783*  On 
the  evening  of  the  Hith,  »  violent  hurricane  waj*  encount- 
ered, which  continued  until  the  frigate  reached  the  entrance 
of  the  river  of  Nantes,  where  she  was  moored.  Here,  the 
voyagers  were  cheered  with  the  news  of  the  signing  of  tho 
treaty  of  peace. 

The  General  set  off  at  onoe  for  VeranilleB,  where  be  was 
received  with  great  distinction  by  the  King,  who  assnred 
him  that  to  him  and  the  taking  of  the  army  of  (^ornwallis 
he  owed  the  ponce.  This  compliment,  the  <5oncml,  with  a 
generosity  native  to  him,  be^ed  His  Majesty's  permission 
to  share  with  Mie  Count  de  Gras8«»who,  on  his  sintple  rei]ui- 
BJlioQ,  had  nrrivcil  with  all  the  means  he  bad  asked  of  him, 
nnd  without  whose  co-operation  the  arms  of  the  allied 
forces  would  not  have  been  crowned  with  success.  But 
what  flattered  him  most  was,  that  he  granted  all  the  distin- 
guished favors  which  ho  asked  for  tho  (jonerals  and  sub- 
ordinate otiicers,  and   for  the  soldiers  of  tho  army,  who  bad 


iU\  LF>\^t£VVUC* 


V^^'l. 


n/y, 


a 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


617 


three  months'  pay  for  services  in  Aniorica,  an  n  gmtuity. 
Duron  de  Viomcsnil  was  mnde  Lieu  tenant-General ;  M.  M. 
dc  Lafuyctte,*  de  Choisy,  dc  llC-vilte,  dc  Cusline,  de  Lau- 


■MBrl«-J«iui-riiu1-R«tie-Yre».UillMn-lIoill{T.  Uaftinl*  dc  LtSaytttt,  tea  of  )llcha«l> 
I.o<iti>-<'lirtiti>|>tii>-ltoch(.--Gltlipr1  ilr  M»irlFr,  I1iui|ii1*  ilc  l.afii]  ellc,— "  ■  lUi  i>r  numoa  *ur 
fld«r>r  Tut  nil  unlliiarr  b(iu*cliol<l."— vriu  beni  ul  Cliiiriij[iiiai',  In  Auti.'r|ri*>t  j^ritlrinlwr  Mti. 
J737.  Jill  ninthi-r,  A  dAuehliT  of  Iht  Uiirqula  de  Uiillire,l>««ionrMl  imMl  cftrc  upon  hli 
rnilj'  edurafluu,  until,  mi  IwpIvcjpiui  at  tfr,  h«  nut  plactd  in  roltci^.  ■!  f*«H>.  KU 
fnllKT.  a  Colonel  or  tinMia-llert,  In  Utp  nrmr  v(  LouU  XV.,  na»  illdliiRiiMiHl  fur  iinvtrj, 
BntircUal  ihr  balllcnr  Alhiilrii,  in  llrrinanr,  Jul)-  1-1,  17.^7.  Voiinj;  l^rK)«IIi!,  n'lia,l>ythts 
(leach,  WM  nripr  jM-rmliii'it  ru  know  lili  fhtder,  <-Iiuid  anin  for  ht<  [»rofi-m>lt>ii ,  At  tha 
nrly  aie  of  rixttrti  ycura.  lie  nn*  innrrkit  lo  lliirle-Adrlcune-t'ninfolw  de  IfoatlleMt 
■hiilhlfrof  Ihc  Diikr  d'AyMi,  alir  lirlnf  lira  yrura  die  Junior  of  Itrr  hiiiUanil.  The  iMi* 
oflliliaonnt^roD  wiu  otic  tan  nml  two  daufhlen.  \U.:  AniidtiMt,  nliv  bentiop  tlir  -wlfk 
of  M.  CTikrli-B  (If  Uanbuunc:  Urorjce  WB*ljlnpltiD,  aw>i|;iiMt  In  i-arly  tnuth.  (or  a  Itme.  10 
tlirearv  of  Wattiliifctuti,  nl  Mounl  Venton,  aitd  ii>an-M  iv  Koilll*  iteTraqr;  and  VlrRtulo, 
wtia  mil  marrli-d  lo  Colonel  dc  Uuieyrid. 

Laraj-rilr  wai  arnToTlle  at  I  lie  Frrcicli  Court,  hul  roaUnij  lo  Ilie  nliliei  ot  Ihv  Kitif, 
Lovli  XVI..  Ill*  liniBd  nnci  llbrrii)  licat*  ntiil  M*  luie  of  frecijoiri  li-i(  lilm  lu  e>|H^ui<i>  ili* 
AmMlcaD  caiin.  How  hi-  eluiti-il  the  Fmieh  auTiiorltli-J.  Amiulth  several  nublL-compu- 
Eona  rvafJitd  Ainarim  In  a  Tmu'l  puiehnieil  tij- hlmii-If;  bow  hp  olTrn-il  lilinwlf  laConjcrei^ 
■■a  VQluntetri  with  out  |wv;  hanKarmly  liewai  rei'tl'-ril  Uy  VVuMniclon;  lion  tcnilcr  and 
•b1i1l»it  wa*  Ihr  (Hmd>lil|i  for  on«  lowaid*  irbiini  Ii4^  Mt  a>  a,  ion  toirarila  a  faihrr:  Add 
wliHI  liiijioriKnt  **r*lw*  lif  rmdenHt  In  •ecnrlnii  ilio  liidoprudtnce  of  lite  Colonlea.  Iiaa 
bMti  recorded  !■  tlie  foHiler  jMt**  of  tlili  vwloiue. 

Ui-ceniber  Mh.  I7BI,  U.  ric  ^tmt.  >llui>tFr  at  War.  bj  otHtr  of  Ihs  KlUff.  wrolo  lo 
Lafay»tle,  liifuniilnRliIni,  that  In  aii'kiiowleiljinit'ii)  of  titi  nillltarT' talrnu  niid  of  liU  aer- 
vtce*  tn  AiMrlco.  Ill*  SlaJrMj'  hail  tiireitrd  hliu  trllli  lite  rank  of  Field  lUrnhnl,  Id  date 
fVum  iImi  Eaptlulallon  of  Yotli*oirri.  Ilnd  lil>  ambltlcm  necoidrd  «llli  tlu-  (lupuliir  r«'llng 
M  Ibo  tlm«  Loul*  Plilll]>|ii^  nm-iidiil  ilu-  Frtni^h  tlirune.lt  wvuld  not  liave  bn'ii  ililli^tilt  Ibr 
hi*  friend*  (0  hkvo  obloim^l  for  blm  the  rt<j-Al  bonor*  li«  Mtlllcd  In  eonfcrrlDg  upon  lh« 
Duke  of  Orleaii'- 

Un  r«tiimlnx  1Q  Vn\»,  ho  tra*  balled  u  ••  ibo  Wuhlnitoti  of  TnoK*,"  wu  appolnlwl 
ConiiuRCidi-r-itiCliM»rilir  NMiouul  Uuanla,  and  tookati  usWre  part  la  Ui«  niUllArj  aud 
chin  alTuIr*  rif  ibv  iinilnn- 

On  tlic  arvt  ot  July,  i;»l,  Laft^Tlio  >ai]oil  fyvm  UsTre  for  tlie  United  HlMe«,  and  on  tht 
rnucllk  day  of  Auximr,  arrheil  al  New  Vurk,  tilitre  lie  Ha«  wanulr  lecrlved.  A  alPillar 
rFcrjpIlon  awalipil  him  In  riiilnitelphia,  anil  In  llie  principal  ciilt-i>  it>ii<[^  l>/  titm  In  eacb  of 
Ibv  (State*.  At  Houiht  Vtrnon,  Iw^elii-c  (1  ay »  were  dcllitbtrutly  paM>od  with  lU  hofpltabla 
ho«t,  bin  hrlovrd  frii^nil  and  MiniiMiulcr,  Tlic  hour*  of  n  Mcctiid  brief  t1*11  there  irtra 
A-auiilK  wtili  nil  leal  eiOof  mem. 

Oil  tbe  23d  uf  October.  Lafiirelt«  fMebed  I'rovjdencc,  and  him  rer«l«p<I  wllh  Ibc  itjang. 
eat  deuian.*trBliou*of  reipeet.  Tlio  bell*  rangool  a  hearty  ire Icnnie,  a  iiatlonal  *alute  pru- 
clalmcd  lli«  xcieral  Joy,  addmieii  a|tpreelallra  of  III*  ftnlcw  were  n;4u1i>  in  blu  t>T  tbo 
SoeJcIl'  of  Hid  <  Inrlndail.  vltux-  edicIIui  hir  allruilid,  nnU  by  Guvernur  (Irrrne  and 
Speaknr  Bradfont.  In  bflinlf  of  Ibr-  Ctfneial  AiM'mlily,  ilivn  In  l>e*^lou.  To  boih,  bo 
ntuined  npE>roprtn(e  icpllei.  am)  (n'aceTUIIy  thankt-il  the  t>ta1c  for  ilie  fatot»  It  had 
b-etl'iHi'd  iijii'ii  (tie  Frenrh  army  and  luiTy.  A  iniblit  iIluiierHaa  alxi  Klirii  lilm,  vtille 
ibn  pritali-  U'i*|iliaUrIi'ii  uf  prnmliieiit  clllivii*  ot  the  tonii  coutrlbuli-il  lurtoili-r  liUbrtof 
aojoiiim  an  uLbrokrn  plta*ur('. 

ICptnntii-.f:  Id  Kranra,  Lafiiycltc  a^alo  entered  llie  public  urAia,  and  becaiue  a  prumlnrnt 
tlgiir«  la  [be  ilvnay  wrctiM  that  |>re«cded  ihe  Coniulaie  of  Sapoleon.  Mue  of  Uie  r«>i;li* 
of  thc"rrlfnar  ieri«r''lii  FraAoe  wa«  the  b«h«HBn(  of  th*  KInf ,  lj»U  .\V|.,  andof  hit 


018 


BHODE  1SI.AKD  VS  THE  BEVOI.UTION. 


zun,  de  Rostaing,  and  d\\ntu'lianip  wera  made  Mnn!<'himx 
de  Camp;  M.  M.  d'Aboville,  dea  Androiiioa,  de  In  Valctte, 


I 


lK<Liillf\iI(jii*«D,)lBrle  AntotDHtP.  LorareilewM  de«p]r  eoiwmii^  f)»r  ilietrMTeir,  ami 
*xrrlpil  himtrif  to  the  ulnioit  to  Hmnl  »<r  tliclr  iiDjiriiitlEi)f  tmtr.  Ilnd  Ihi>  King  hikI  Qapca 
fallo«in]lil*e«iinM],  Iticy  nuuld  (irobublT  bBVc  inlcly  rMnprtl  ttom  rniU,  and  Iihtc  btm 
flHtred*  BAil  ilrnlh.  Aftrr  iIiit  drilnirlloniir  ilir  Ft«>lllr.  frtor  li>  ttir vKrnitlon  iirHie  Ktuf 
hiul  (jnacn,  tlin  kpy  or  thai  gloomxiirUun  wa<  prxM-mpil  t(i  l^larvii^  "at  tlirmibodlnmit 
■.Dd  rcprcfcnUtLnD  of  (Vccloin  In  KuroiM-."  He  ncni  it  to  Waxliliiirii^n.  m  b  mrnHnto  of 
thr  |K>wff  of  "  a  (Mrniiliiril,  iiiiit«il  |>rt>[il«,"  anil  Ii  iran  n-.i;uui(ianlnl  bIiIi  a  tkeich  ul  tlio 
mini  of  "itiftl  farnvMnrdrjipoU*!!!."  "li  U  a  tr(liul*'.'*livKrllM,  ■'wlildil  vw*,»  b>od, 
U>  IBT  adi>E)tirc  (nltKr.—  ai  an^idt-ilc-cAnip,  to  luy  lii-n«ra],— ai  a  mloalBiiMTaf  lltwrDra  to 
11*  jiatriarcL."  Thr  kry  i*  riIII  fn^crttrJ,  mxl  mat  be  M-<-ti,  induiml  In  ■  glan  cue.  In  Iba 
hall  of  ih«  Waxliliijiinn  iiiBUHkiu,  al  Mauut  VcrntHi.  Tin-  Ilnl  iluni;  rumuriil  frorn  Ihe 
walU  of  lh«  IliuiiU-.  and  ilii^  Itm  aioiu  rnkrn  "  from  II*  dUuinl  (ubterrBiiriut  •Jungtana," 
were  prMcnicil  lo  Lniayrttc. 

Pew  n«ii  dT  tlir  iirriod  llllcd  n  mnrr  liii|Mrtiinl  anil  iDlluMiIlitl  «pl>crc.  or  wrn>  vUIIhI 
with  man'  TarlMl  rxprrlrnn'i.  I''i>r  B  Tall  aawuiiiit  "I'  lh<-M-,  iiu'luilliift  lil*  liiipriuiiinivnl  at 
Olmuit,  «liurcd  by  iilii  tiubti}  wilt-  and  duijtbicr*.  tliu  uutui-ci^wflil  attciniit  omiIv  hxTnaei* 
K.  Hugrr,  uf  hotilli  l.'ardllns,  und  bf  Vt.  EHck  Kulliiiaiin.  a  nAtU*  of  llanotcr,  to  rviMie 
Mm,  and  lila  Jinal  rrle**4><iD  III*  ■■(■niaiiil  (>r  Napuliwn,  i)l«  nwlrr  U  rvfcrred  la  lln  Lttr  at 
L«far«llP,  wrlttco  by  111'  ton,  to  auotlitt  Liri.-  oT  him,  written  b<r  WlUlam  Cuit^r.  an^  la 
"  Hrcotieelluna  oT  Ok  L'rirat«  Life  of  Ucneiml  ImS^jwHk,"  wrillan  bjr  M.  Julet  CI<M|U*t 
H.  I>. 

In  Ifat.  t.*far*tlc,  bjr  Inrllatlon  of  I'reildrnt  MannM-,  vl.lKJ  tho  Itillrd  Stair*  fn>  tlin 
laal  Ilni*.  lln  no*  accumpaiilcil  bj  liU  uin,i<vcrjci>  Wii>IiIii:|(Tihi  Laraivliv,  anul  b;  ■lullpaf 
levcnil  Kvutlem^ii.  In  i)il>  vuii.  uftcr  1Ii«Iiii>m  or  Tartr  >«•».  Iir  bchi'M  ihu  woudcrfUl 
pi>wlti  of  a  Kctiublir-,  r>>i'  llir  ntatilUlinmlil  i<r  tvljlvli  l>r  liad  itiril  liii  Uluwil  nud  niadr 
liwi'v  pi^L-uiilary  anrilflivu.  Tlii<  liitli>r  uv  mU  Iii  Iuitp  muijiiiittil  lo  Ihv  itruvruu*  luiu  uf 
one  lii)Ddr«d  and  forijt  Iliuiib&Qd  dulluTt.  thirloff  tl>r  yrur  lid.  Iir  vbllrd  rvifyAtate  Ik 
tbc  Uillun.  Ill*  Juurncyi  OFrr  niiirLHi  liy  tl»  RioM  r-ntlmilaitlc  urrloiin**.  Tli*  rldt 
inndv  by  lilm  lo  lliv  lomb  uf  WaililiifttuQ  ua*  Iuiii-'IiIiije  In  llio  vxtrt-iar.  While  at  >lvunl 
Vsrnnn,  hr  wu  preacutrd  b;  ticurHc  Waihlnjttou  I'arko  i.'uallB  wilti  •  goM  rln|[,  rurlo*lB|t 
liuir  of  Wa*lilnf[(aii  ami  nf  hi*  mtfr  Th«  ring  bar* 
appni|irlnli'  IvmnO*  ia  Latin. 

Tbnarriialor  l.Bluyi-llr  In  l*rT>vidribCie  i«w>  Ihn  olgnal 
for  R  uuiii-rNil  vulliiinil  uf  Joy.  At  IIjf  .'''lalv  Hoaa« 
oeciirrt-d  iIh<  Birc«llBR  inlrrrl^w  bciwcpn  hlanMrlf  an<l 
(.'■[.liiiii  Str|it'>ru  'llofy.  to  nhlcli  1  liaie  alnidy  tcferrrd. 
{A'iir.f,.47J  I  A  dl(iini(ul»ti«(t  cIllKrn  of  ITvTidran, 
nbo  wllnrMrd  Ibr  ■tr^-ur,  Inlurmrd  uic,  lliat  vrlirn  lbc*a 
louji  ■vjturui'd  n>iii|iaiiIoK«  In  mm*  uiel,  ibpy  piiibraonl 
with  all  ilic  ardor  whkb  ■lit'  ttudcrfit  aBcciion  coiiM 
lu»piin-.  Tlie  vnlin'  route  lu  Kuilun  Hai  miili-ml  bril- 
Hani  iTtiiin>it>.  iTliilvUieiliTonRoicaibrmlbr  ili«  road-<ld<',  and  In  ihi- <tlSniti'«.  ibrov|rtl 
whi«h  Larnyclle  paiwd,  "  made  Ilir  wrlkilt  rim."  with  unaUblcd  dircn.  From  Itoxtniry 
tlac  to  tluitun  rainnicin.  a  tletiHt  nia>i  uf  ■iieclHlor*  J1II«1  Ihe  iirvrti  and  ildovnlki,  ca|i«ir 
to  gsiri-  ugioa  tlic  naUon'*  aoblv  sucm.  Un  riilciiuf  llir  rorunion.  thr  prociualon  hailed, 
anil  a  younj;  diIm  nf  cifrlit  or  Ic-n  ftan  writ*  Unnl  litlo  f1ir  lianiurhi-  ncruiiU'd  bv  LafaytltK, 
ACtpr  n  brlrf.  porilQrni  addmf,  ihr  placed  a  taurt>l  wn-nili  u\i<iii  hi*  iK-nit.  ThP  r»clp[«ni 
Wat  Kavllily  affected,  airccUoiialrlf  kUtcd  U)(i  di ltd,  and  madt'  a  rfjdy  adaplsd  to  liir 
yean.  (Tlil*  ytiuni;  init*  wa*  Chn  <lnii|[tii<T  i.>f  Cliurle*  A.  and  Katbiidne  Au|MiBia  Ware. 
Un.  War«  waiarclaiWeof  Bnben  Treat  I'nlnp,  and  aoqulrml  ra[»ulatlDn  Biin[«tt.  She 
«dtlr<I  tlir  llnirpr  of  Taitct.  In  llnilon,  vpnt  lo  Kiiroiv,  in  i><Si,  publUhvil  a  volnnic  at  hrr 
poam*  In  I^ndon,  In  lH::,an<l  died  In  llirt*.  In  iHi.}    Tbt  lir  wa*  lUlwl  with  tlie  aliviiu  at 


.J 


de  I'Estrade,  du  Portail,  d»  Mu_v,  nnd  the  Marquis  de  Deux- 
Pouts  were  mtidc  tirigudiers.     All  uf  the  Lieutosant-Colo- 

ttiu  muHHudH-  ihni  wilii*fteil  the  K-enc  of  llic  crownliix  a(  l^riiretlr  by  IW«  IHiU  flri. 
Tlirii  f"lliiii<>il  v  ri'i  lew  or  i^otIv  iil»R  ilimnaml  inMiit.  aii<l  I lir  uii I'daor  fi-alivitlM  ' 
oodcliiit.'il  by  ■  imtilti'illiiiipr,  n«»]*ri»«  liiiiuvrit*  (pnt,  an  ilnj  Cmnnioii.  riUterii  liuiidnd 
piMtr*  writ  UiJ  for  llie  ocmuidii.  In  tll«  McBllix,  LAfMretl*  irliillttt  Ihc  iIii-buw,  •»>!  th* 
next  lutirDln^.  met  not  im  an  fsatern  tour  s*  hr  m  PortMnOBlti,  N.  H ..  lirrakfaJIinc  on  Iho 
«mv  ni  Marliltrlirad,  dlnlnit  at  ?*J«m,  IvO^ds  or«r  »lgbt  ■!  >'»••  bur; purl,  uid  rrcvlvlaK  la 
■11  iheioirnalltruuctinvbirh  lir  |j«uei)  iIiemotllUdyiknioDslrAiiofliof  wdfocnr.  Kvlarn- 
Ing  tu  lluttou,  .^ugUMl  Hill,  hf  maiBliiMl  tberr  nntll  Mplmilwr  *jd,  wbea  h«  drparlrd  tor 
?>«ur  1  ork,  wlti-K'  (i«  rnJoT'd  *  binli  dov  Olnuer,  (be  MnK  Ibtit  kUly-Mvan  ymtn  old,} 
■Ircnbba  by  Ihj-  "I'liid.niiall  VHrraiu." 

TIm  «bit  of  I.BfB^ri'ttK  to  Virpliibi  wbi  lo  Utin  nn  exptrlrnn  of  peonllar  iili-Naiicc.  I1iat 
8tM«  wn  tlir  Drill  »n  wlilcli  lir  (Irnt  tMTrI><'iI  kei  IntlPiienilMil  catminaiiili  at»l  nher*  tor 
braiar^  BD)]  >ueo*a*fiil  frnvralilklp  itvr*  mouil  to  lilin  dlaltlijiuMird  baiinn.  lHaiUll  to 
Kletinaiu],  MoQilecllo,  CbarlDnvrlllf ,  Winiiimiburi,  Norrolk.  t'ci^nburit  iiiiil  Vurkiown 
wkJtmoiw  liU  dicrhhtd  rroollMttuii*  l»  Ihr  cl»w  Of  ItTr.  Hit  tMf^lon  at  YoTkloum 
UM  lirllliuiit,  aiiil  iIh-  cwl*briitlnii  of  ih»  ainilvrrury  of  tlin  (unvtiiUr  of  t'onitrKllit  was 
iiitplrlnic.  litrt  hv  tati  u  number  of  hit  mllllsry  comriilef,  wlio  were  |»r««'>ai  wlwn  the 
Briiisli  mnuj  taiJ  ilowu  lt>  ■nut.  Hi-  wnn  rrrrin'4  bcitratli  >  lilumphkl  lucli,  rrrctri  OO 
tli«  lite  i>r  the  rvdvubc  be  lixl  gallaiit)^  CMrried  furlir.lhrtc  jMir*  bcfor*,  and  ku  uUt- 
•|lll^^llr■d<^r«Mellbr  (ieneralTajrlor.uidtrowtitdn'itbftdviownaili.  T«  <l(«|i«n,  tf  po*- 
■ibic.  tlie  (inatliiaBl  IVatam  or  the  day .  it  mOitMy  brMkSut  wn^  laJoa  nndrr  "  lli«  T*r- 
lUblP  ii-ut  uf  Wnihlnfton.'* 

Thp  fVuTRriMr  Ki-Mon  inahiiloo  waa  made  Ihr  lvrad-<|iiarten  of  Lalkfettt.  rorttKUIs- 
■nliiallon  of  u  fi^t*  Rlran  lo  Itlni,  wai  mnilW  lakra  fVam  a  ctmt  Itft  lli«r>  bj  rumwalliii 
■lid  ilicn  bm  rrccnily  difcovtrvd.  wcni  u»o<l.  t»c«*«al  of  ihcHt  eaiulloa  were  prrwnipij  to 
l.al'ayHtr.by  nrhi>ni  tliey  wpr*  <«rTl«l  to  Franw.  aiid  pJacnl  In  lil«  iuum-uiii,  at  Lii  liranse, 
•niiiiiK  niaii]'  ariirlri  of  rlrtu,  rtM^lrnl  br  hliu  fruiii  ,\airrlM.  U'lillr  on  Ii1>  Am^rlrap 
toux.  he  vlrlicd  TrFildL-ot  Unnroc,  al  Wnihlnsioii.  Ki-I'rr*ld«nt  JrHpTMO,  at  HiMitlcellu. 
Ki-I'mideiit  Ma<11«iia,  at  M»nlpiilli>r,  ami  Kx-l'inM*!!!  Adnina,  al  Qitlrw?. 

In  Upcfiiibrr.  I"M,  Ijiiayttiv,  llicii  In  VVafUinxIoii.  wa*  pnavntfd  10  tlic  I'nlinl  :5taIi;B 
tSenalr,  ami  alficlallf  wrlcnmril,  On  tlii^  loth  ii^f  tliftauiF  MOntb.baWM  Uilrodoord  tc  Ih* 
Houui  of  ItfjiminlaiUiM,  aiid  wai  aiI']|v«*Hl,  In  hvliBlf  of  ihat  bodjr,  b}'  It*  Sp(«k*r.  tha 
Jton.  Henry  Clay.  To  lUa  oddnn,  L>fliyc([«  n»t\t  ft  palrloUc  ntpHK.  I'oncrt^*,  nol 
uauitiKlfiit  of  IiIr  liiialaaMv  M!i*fora  and  liii  It^nry  lacHllDtt.  paaani  a  Mil.  itntnlliix  Iitm 
two  liiiiiilTTtl  i)giiii*Hiii!  ilojlHr*,  aud  a  taiiiiilil|i  of  |)ub]lp  land,  wlMtrd  fur  lilui  In  I't'inda 
by  I'tosIiIi-IiI  MoDruc.  ulilch  hr  inini«IUIc]y  lOld  for  anr  Iiiiadred  IbonMUd  dollart.  A 
iiuiiibcr  (if  AuirriCBii  Cultrj^rt  (.-»nfrtml  iipnii  bim  thrlr  biglirit  liuiiur*.  • 

111  .liiti>F,  l^.'A,  tip  triurnn)  I'l  il'tlnii.  and  On  tlw  IMli  day  ft  Ibnt  ui<>nlli,  a«(l<tvd  In  lay* 
lD||  Ili«  conu'r-done  of  the  Ilnnki-r  EIIII  llttnuiM-nL  At  llic  dlniM'i,  which  (bltowed  the 
ceremony,  wprr  fmir  thoutand  gurjlu.  Of  tlirir,  tbrljrware  Barf  Ivon  of  Ilir  battle  of  BOD- 
ker**  HIU,  andatnnjt  two  iniDdted  olbrn  MrreotBecnandaoIdltniof  the  Item  tut  Ion.  The 
preaenw  of  l)»r  (ioii-rnon  nt  .Ww  Kn|land.  and  of  dUCinciildird  jipnlli'iiirii  from  all  parta 
of  ths  muDlrr,  loflclWr  niili  army  and  nai  y  offlrvii,—  llic  tucnrt  of  M>vBnt»4-u  rollliary 
romiHinlr*.— ilir  a>»rintlBKi'  «f  numcrou*  Maiionk  and  eihcr  uaocfatlon*, —  the  mannlfl- 
rrni  dcdlcalbin  nrstloii  nf  Wvlnln  and  hb  Piai^iy  addfvM  to  LafHiy^tlt,  rvo'lned  II  « 
luamorabk'  day. 

On  111*  UIrt  day  of  Jodc,  LafKy«itf  d^fiartml  frnrn  Boitan,  and  iDBda  a  iMond  totir  to  Itie 
■aMoanl  aa  fkr  at  I'lorlland,  taklni;  Concwrd,  N.  H.,  In  thr  way.  Tlicnn  ha  pamad 
through  Vvnnnnt,  tliMi««  lo  All>aiiy.  tli<<n«v  lo  >'fw  York,  and  tbettcv  to  WuhlnjUM. 
Her».  on  ttr  «th  day  of  i^4.-ptMnber,  IKU,  [hi*  birth-day,)  "  al  the  tuulern  alcpa  of  t)M 
U'lillc  Iloufe,  I*n:*ident  Joltu  Quincy  Adanii,  lu  ilir  prcicnni  n-filic  oRtEen  of  the  go««ni> 
nwt  aud  a  ra*t  wimiurav  of  ladle*  and  ivntlamaii,  bid  ibc  nailoCa  fiiwl  a  taU  flu«w«Ui 


S20 


HHODfC  ISI^K1>   IK  THE   REVOLUTION. 


ucia  had  regiinenta.  Tim  VIcoiuto  Kochambcau  was  luadu 
Knight  of  Si.  Louis,  «nd  Meetre  de  Cnmp,  couimaiidiiig  at 
lirel,  the  regiment  of  SaintoQge,  and  eoon  after,  tbe  Royal 
Auvergiit'.* 

Shortly   before   the   Count    de    Rochatubeaii  sailed    for 

In  ano  of  ihv  iiio»t  tnuchlujE  and  «1o*|i.i^ti1  aililrevim  Ihat  tiail  bvrn  iIpMn-rad  lo  him  tn  all 
hta  tnrfla  lliTougii  llw  Tnlml  StRl«4."  Thr  lUj  fotlofijiic.  be  ivt  will  for  Fr»iit*.  in  Ihtt 
■WW  IHgmIe  "  Itraiidywliic',"  namc'd  Id  c«>iiii>l<inp|ii  ii>  lilin  tlv  urrix'il  •alW)'  nl  llatrWi 
«brr«  Ik  »a»  mvi  iiy  lilt  fumlls'.  nnd  proentdcd  i<i  Lu  OraDfcv. 

Ai  a  fiirtlii^i  oumiilliiiriil,  rmlilinl  Ailnnii phiihiI  ckcIi  ^UIi-  tu  the  Union  lo  be  rrprc- 
■ciilrd  on  lionrO  il)>>  f>lj(uii.>  &>  n  lllJililpinan.  Thvor  tvunjt  BpntlMiieu  Ijih-siiic  >lro»(1/ 
■tuchrcl  lo  I^a^jvltc,  AnJ  prr^tnirHj  mm  wltb  &  boaatlhil  *llvcr*ii*«. 

Ill  IKin.  Ihp  ricirlciri  nf  M<->us,  in  FrMiw, MiiMvil  In  tir  tlriick,  in  hnnor  i>r  LMtir**tet  • 
iMiitlaonc  netlxl,  triileti  lh«y  tmiMittd  tolilm.  It  wai  m>gi*vti  br  iIk  vmlni^i  arii*!,  M, 
GatU-tiMx,  luid  wu  ftt  Ibr  lliitc  cunililrrrd  a  ttrikiu;  likFni-n.  TI)ii*l-  ivlia  Mirltie  lUrqulf, 
vlieu  lie  rUlIed  llic  Unlletl8lnlM,  lo  tVH,  will  rwoffniw  (tit  sKunK;  of  »>»  |iroOIc.    T1)e 


Ulk-ltKLlUl'  ur  LtfASIiTTC. 


two  i|ntp>,  ITOT  Md  ISKS  rvntll  two  ititMnuralile  «pMh(  hi  l<U  pollilcnl  hl(Iur7.  On  rlie 
rvviTM;  alilr  of  tlM  tDCilal,  ft  cJrIo  crowli  famu  ■  ftwtw  Tar  ili«  Itgcad  In  ^t-itlitf,  "A 
Ijifliyrtln  l.'Arn>nilIuvmvnl  di-  Mi-uux.  Jiilllrl,  1^30." 

Thr  tio'pllallly  ol  J.«lujDTt4>  yrv  unboundKl.  lie  kn>t  open  Iioum  Ibr  pirMiial  frirnd*. 
Buil  for  ilruttit'*^*  *''"^  I'lilli'i)  to  [ui^'lilin  Ibrlr  rctpMrt*.  There  wtiv  tcldom  lc»  Ifaftn 
totTiiIy'l^O  or  tlilrly  ttii''>i*  <l>lly  at  lila  tmbln. 

In  IIiIa  [iap«rr«;t  okrtch  n{  an  [[auMrloui  rHrnd  oT  Atnrrlca,  nan)'  IntfrHUnjr  lactilents 
hsTc  iiMnMrlly  br*'ii  oiiiliifl.  mid  onlf  «  fuw  warda  Riurc  can  b*  added.  Lafhfrtl* 
pAt>p<l  Itio  wfnii-rn  [o  I'nrla.  Httriii1lii|[  tn  fnipniifini  pnbllo  iliiil**-  For  about  lUtvm  J**t$, 
liti  liiiiiK  nag  B[<orll(>u  of  n  lnrj((i  Molet,  .\'u.  U  Ilui'  d'.^njou,  ^1.  Ilonori.    TIicty  he  «m 

■  tlickril  lij  >  fafHl  ■Ilt('u>4',  mill  Oil  tfi*r  iiiurnInK  of  Tlw  Vtttli  oT  Mar,  1K4.  *urroniidci1  by 

tilt  rHmUr,  lie  |KL<snl  CliraiLuli  d««Ili  to  Die  IKu  of  lUe  tplrit  wortil.  lu  £utvpr,  hU 
dvcfitir  Kwaltrned  MmMr  In  crcry  palilut  liMUt.  In  the  L'ulltd  SlOloi,  lbs  entire  |icC|ilc 
■uOuraiHl. 

■  Ucmelri,  U.  p.  330. 


RHODE  IBhASm  IS  THE  REVOLmON. 

without  ropRaliiig  to  you  tho  high  sonsc  1  entertain  of  tho 
serricos  you  have  rcniicrcd  to  America,  by  the  constant 

back  l«  tlicOmtoir*.*!  VrndOmc,  andharlni  flaldicd  Nli  itudir*  ilirrc.heiruvriii,  kI  iIm 
ago  of  nrwrn,  Ilk  llip  Acmtriiiy  iiT  I'ailt,  Ttir-  w«r  nf  i.7V>  Inl  Uim  Into  rW  (iraroalnfi  of 
■rni,  and  lipobCalu^dkHilQaFlC}'  lo  Ihc  r«(Jni«iil  afljt.  MtDOU.  U*  ilUllimuUlixl  lilmavlf 
In  Uia  cam^Blxnt  or  ir^l  and  t7«>. 

In  irir.  al  tliL-  an?  <if  liii!ul)<*tnr<)  itcnn.lw  nan  oa-niniixlotwil  Culoiirl  'if  ilir  tnflMtttf 
NKlnicnt,  prvvivuilf  coiuuianil«<l  tiy  M.  'Ic  HpiruH,  anrt  in  Ibe  bnltk  «f  LaullHd,  llie  wmv  ] 
yMr.  revived  a  wound  In  llii' liead.    A*  tic  wa*  farriMl  iniriulble  tWini  tbr  Held,  a  weond' 
tronnd,  »obI*«iI  in  tlii?  tli[|;ti,  mturnl  liini  lo  vunvrluiiinrM. 

Nparlhi!  doi«  of  inu,  Bocliauilit-au  marrk-rl  Mail«iiii>lsv]lr  Tcllci  il'Acota,  an  awOB- 
plUliril  noi]  a  !oTc-]y  watciaiii  1>T  wliom  lir  lirnJ  •  ilailiKtitfr,  irli'O  titpil  Imt  a  ihnrt  timr,  iind 
H  ■i>n,  Ilia  coinpDiilb'ii  In  armi  In  Amnlea.  Di-bllllaiml  |>f  ti!i  irauniN  and  bf  Immorrhaxa 
«rih«  luar*,  lir  paMvdaycaf  u  bU  lailMr**,  lo  r*niperal«.  Here,  hi* wife,  wlia  had  b»ra 
luuliluaiia  In  bft  curr  at  tilni,  ww  irliraL  «!<]■  tlia  *n)all-|Hix,  fiam  wltlrli  ahv^  happily 
ntvnni,  but  n«t  until  li«  lial  tmproTcd  ilic  opporiuall?  lo  nclprocair  Iwr  aAcllOii  by 
aolliif  In  lurD  a*  her  nur*if. 

Aft»r  thvpMCp  ijf  AlKlnCliKiirllc,  Roehaiiiboau  bn'iimp  Gu^Hiioraf  VrnilAmv,  but  on 
tiM  bKaklnir  out  or  ilie  ttfeo  Ttor*'  war,  h*  miirafd  ncilvi!  mllliary  •crviM.  In  irui,  ba 
wai  made  Brigadirr-iiruiTHl.  He  iFried  ln4irtuiniiy,atiJ  in  \7&),  al  tin-  baltic  <if  rloiilvr- 
ciunp,  whli«  mlitlDK  a  cliargr  oT  Ei>rI1*Ii  Ktvaiuilm,  rppelvn)  a  ball  In  Uip  ililjtU,  byt  by 
the  aid  or  two  ehaaMutu,  nho  aaaUtcd  lilm  lo  vnlk,  had  itrcnglh  rnoufth  hi  itlre  order* 
during  tbr  da}-.    ClPUtenaiLt-fiDiierat  U.  da  S^gur  waa  taken  prl*uii«r  In  ilitt  bsiile. 

In  17»n,  mtlcr  ttvrnty  yv*n  ot  nUtbfbl  Mnloc.  anil  wlillr  alck  villi  laflanimalory  rbcoma- 
tUm.  hr  wait  uppolnlrd  I-lciitrnntil-(i(nf  raJ,  lo  tskr  command  of  tlir  farce*  drttined  to  bM 

Ihp  Aiurrlrnn*  In  >cciini|ili*liln|r  llirlr  ftenlani.  and  lu  loon  at  hi>  wa*  ablp,  Wrnc  !0  Vvr> 
lallli-*  lo  recolVDltipotxIiTf  of  the  King.  After  bli  rvtarn  from  Amerlcn,  hv  rrccli<-d,  al 
thr  brad  of  hia  linnp*.  at  Itrlr.,  Ibn  lintoii  of  Uarrelial  dt  Krannr,— a  trcil  mi-rllnl  iinrinr. 
Hill  In  tW  blontjr  da^ra  of  the  ttfpubtlc,  hU  fcirtuRPi  chrniKiil.  H-  trW  under  Tlu>  d]i> 
plcn>ur«  of  the  rcvoluilotiary  irlbiiiul,  And  In  )7U3,  wai  #u4ied,  tfied,  Hiid  c«iideiuiiird  to 
drnlh.  On  llif  d»>' flppoliilnl  fur  111*  mcculluli.  llic  curl  Kblcli  Iraiitpuiled  prliiulirt*  lu 
111?  H'lilTi.iIil  171111I1I  not  tHkf'  ltii-«i  nil,  and  hr  ma*  Irfl  bulilnd.  '■Miuiirt  liucl,  old  frllinv,** 
tald  llic  KTim  sui)eritil«nd*nl,  "yuurlurowlllcoiiiiilBlrr."  Bulb-efure  bo  wai called,  Hobca. 
plrtie  OBine  to  Ibi-  block,  atid  IluctiNiiibeau  fliu  tlbrraled,  a!\rr  on  irtiprlKcinnirnt  cf  tilnn 
niotitlii.  t'lidvr  iIk' Kinplr*-,  he  bftd  liiijvurttinl  trillllar/ ccninian<1i,  and  Nniwleoli,  at  tlN 
■nnincnl  nf  the  MronaflDn,  In  recoicnltlon  of  Ills  Mrrlcea.  made  him  n  fcranil  aMM'r  of  tha 
l('i;l[in  Qf  Tionor.  lie  died  May  10.  ISdT.in  llierlxtitf.iccand  p!ar  oriiMaxr.  llii  Unniotra, 
lu  itKv  vuluiiHi,  were  prlirii-d  In  rati',  iu  WOT. 

A*  a  CAnipllnienl  la  tbe  I  aunl  dc  Rixhamhrnu,  a  privalrrr  (CboottM,  «rbl«b  proved  Very 
*um-«fiil  In  iiAr  iklrniltho  wlilt  ilir  navniy,  waa  named  for  liJni.  ftba  waa  comnnandnd  by 
<:a|)tnlii()ltv«r  Bted.of  Xcwpon.  11i«  niUDWIiiK  noilwi  of  her  appMr  tn  tb«  Kewport 
Mi-icui]- of  llial  day: — 

■'  Xcivemlipr  'Ml,  1T)U.  Arrlvi>il  lierv  a  auiall  (cli(>oiipr,prl>e  lo  Ibe  tcbuoDcr  RMbauibrmi, 
CaplAiii  Uer-ri,  of  tliii  port,  und  tliii  marnlng  arrlTrd  nn  armi-d  Galley,  ft  eitn-laico  guna  and 
M  men,  by  tbe  abnre  prlvHIifT  alT  Ibo  Tlucrk,  mtlei  ■  claae  fogiigenimt  of  one  Blaaa.  dnrln| 
Which  Keed  loft  a  prKr  matior,  (.Mr.  Itt-njamln  (Tanielt,  criAU  Iowdj.  'like  Galley  bad  bar 
Captain  and  mir  nlhrr  nlTii'iT  hitli-d  and  ai-vrrFil  nounilrd. 

"  Dnwmlier  II,  17>C  Artlvml  hirv  achoonpr  Roebnnibraii,  from  a  rnijac.  With  a  prlia 
tclioourr  wlih  a  vnlnabtc  fArgo." 

"  Llemuber  Id.  lTo3.  A  lUioii  and  natal  floret  relakciL  by  the  Rurbambeau,  Caplala 
Heeil.    Anutbvr  taluabU  [irUo  to  inlil  »iOiQuner  ii  atburc  on  lh«  llru  nml  4  litcheai," 

"Fi^brsary  I&,  178}.  Scbooiicr  Koohambmu  airin-d  here  nlib  a  btle,  tu^iunllOK  10 
«lx-pouadcr«  and  U  ok^h.  ai  n  girlie,  rurgv  of  rum  and  aiigar  frotn  Jamaica  for  N*.  Torli. 
Captmu  Kri'd  riiujcbt  her  thni'  plnoei,  and  iIicd  bountcdiivr  Ile1t«dbl(*allluf -itLaaier 
klllKd,  and  Ibe  briB  lo»  1  tnas  klllod  and  7  wounded." 


eXn  FREXCn   ALLIES. 


523 


nttention  wbicb  you  hare  puiil  to  the  interest  of  it,  by  the 
exact  order  and  discipline  of  the  corps  under  your  cora- 
miind,  and  by  ynur  readiness  at  all  times  to  give  fncility  to 
ovcry  raetisiire  which  the  force  of  the  combined  ui-uiies  were 
competent  to. 

"  To  this  testimony  of  your  puldic  cbnrsctcr,  I  should  be 
wantinef  to  the  feelings  of  my  heart,  wore  I  not  to  add 
expressions  of  the  bappinees  1  hiive  enjoyed  in  yovir  privnte 
friendship,  the  renieml)rancc  of  which  will  be  one  of  the 
most  plehsant  circomstanccs  of  ray  life.  My  best  wishes 
will  neoonipany  yon  to  France,  where  I  nincerely  iiope,  and 
have  no  doubt,  you  will  meet  with  the  smiles  and  rewards 
of  »  ^eneixjus  pnnce,  and  the  warmest  embraces  of  affec- 
tiomite  friends.     Adieu."* 

The  arrivrtl  of  the  French  troops,  and  their  temporary 
abode  on  Ibe  old  ctim|>-gTound,  revived  the  jjleiHiiut  social 
relations  between  the  officers  and  their  entertainers,  that 
(list ingiii shed  the  winter  of  1780-81. |  President  Man- 
ning, in  a  letter  dated  November  11>,  1782,  addressed  to  the 
Honorable  David  Ilowell,  then  a  delcgAte  in  Congress,  says  : 
"The  French  army  i^  here,  encamped  on  the  lands  of  Jero- 
minli  Dexter,  and  those  of  his  brother's  heirs.  The  town 
is  fidl  of  officers,  and  she  [.Mrs.  HowellJ  is  crowded  with 
them,  as  well  an  others." 

Count  de  Custioc  quartered  with  Thomas  Arnold,  on 
Providence  Nock,  now  known  as  the  "Perry  Place. "  On 
November  23,  17ti2,  his  Secretary.  Monsieur  Pecqueur, 
offered  a  reward  of  three  guineas,  for  the  recovery  of  a 
purse  lost  on  the  27lli,  containing  between  thirty-five  and 
forty  guineas,  one  piece  of  Dutch  coin,  and  a  gold  brooch. 

Uncertain  as  to  the  length  of  time  that  the  army  might  be 


•Wrlilnirt.  III..  MS. 
f  "TIm  Krnir  w>*  <*'|<|<*'I  on  Itir  miul  In  lln*liin,  abnul  ■  Irkitur  from  rroiIilrM<>i  In 
Konr  IMA*  which  Pi  li«(l  orcvptril  tti*'  prtttiHng  ytar.    Tli»  we«iliiT  tit-sm*  vtrrcdlnfltir 
riMjcli,  awl  tlH  rruo|M  (QlFtrvd  •  fn«tdrairhtiHi  lh«  klnutl  CMitlnuftl  rsin  Mid  ikow."— 


5M 


RIIOI>E  rSI-AND  IN  TDB  RBVOLTTTIOJf. 


detained  in  its  encfimpmcnt,  the  Count  de  Rocliambeau 
caused  barracks  to  be  built  for  tho  soldici-s,  and  Colonels 
were  allowed  to  lodge  in  private  houses,  a  permission  which 
they  gindly  accepted;* 

The  repairiag  and  re-rictualling  of  the  squadron  com- 
uiatiiled  I)y  the  Martjuis  do  Vnudrenil,  which  Juid  been  much 
damaged,  having  extended  !>cyond  the  tiuio  tixed  for  eailing, 
Count  Dumas  was  «ent  Ut  Boston  to  concert  with  the  Cheva- 
lier do  I'Egnille  the  necessary  preparations  for  a  speedy 
embarkation,  t 


FAREWELL  TO  KHODE  ISLAND. 

THE  TROOPS  RESUME  THEIR  MARCH  TO  BOSTON.- ARRIVAL 
OF  THE  SEVEUAL  DIVIHIONB  IN  BOSTUS.— INCIDENTS  OF 
THE  M.VRCH.— WELCOMED  BY  TUB  HESinENTS.— UELUCT- 
ANCE  OF  TKE  ALLIES  TO  LEAVE  AMERICA— GRAND  BALL 
IN  NEWPORT.- HOSPITALITIES  IN    1103T0N. 

^^\  LL  things  now  being  in  readiness,  the  French  Camp 
^^^  was  broken  for  the  last  time  in  Rhode  Island,  and 
December  1st,  the  allies  resumed  their  march  for  Boston. 


'■■TlihpannlMlooiUrorOvit  m*  lli«  ji|trM-ab1«  npporiunllf  of  ub(«MlnK,  tnon  In  ilviail, 
the  lni«rIor  of  Kn  Anivr[c«D  mmll}'.  and  Uivit  modr  uf  llrlnx.  1  wm*  drilglittd  with  tiM 
•Im'ptLdt;  and  ftmnk  cotJIiiIII)'  of  triy  limils.  kikL  wllfi  Hit  piiriCy  of  lli*lr  in«r«l».  lli^lr 
polltmcx  WW  llw  muri'  jilcatlnK.  b«  II  ««  ontiflt  trtv  from  «iirpciionlaiui>ci«;  ilifj  »•»• 
Ml  thr  •nriir  llmcvrrM  informt'ii,  aaA  ilrvoltl  of  all  HiTrciaUnn;  <-v cry  thing  in  tlirmwu 
nalum),  Hnd  ihrlr  pipninm  Bppcttml  to  conilil  In  Ihn  iliicliiuKc  nf  iliplr  ilncln.  Wit, 
with  ilivm,  wm  road  iicn>r,  nod  r«SMD  41>ct>i*d  lliilr  Unmiash  ■nil  prtfldrd  ortr  Ihvlr 
aclluiii.  ]ti  «hoi-r,  il  n-utljr  inuit  be  ndmltlrtl,  lltal  Iriilti  siirl  li*|i|jlii<-*i,  *a  far  tfoai  bricif 
tPUklly  lianiihi'd  Oom  ihi>  earth,  o*  crnaln  ■nomiip  plillutuphii-rt  pcHCiMl,  nrv  tmywhtt* 
to  be  iu«t  with  is  An]«rlM.~.*-V]7Hr'<  Jf<mQtri,  p,  SS4. 

t  "  The  Frrndi  Inanpli,  lindi-r  thr  Dukr  dt  Ijiiiiliii.  Iii-lnf  part  of  CounI  d«  RflchambraK'* 
nrmjr  (bat  n-malncc]  tiJ\ei  ttip  dt-pfirturcof  llpr  main  binly  at  Doctoo,  utlfd  tiam  iba  Capu 
of  IK-lawarc  on  ibc  iztli  of  >lny.  Tlii-y  bad  b*m  cantonrd  recently  ai  Mllmliiirtoti,  In  tba 
BtKic  of  llflawari:.  ticinc  of  \Urte  iriiielnliig  tr>»i|u  Ita4l  nluj  bcrn  ilallonrd  at  llaltlmani, 
DDdvr  Ueiitral  I.avalel'iv,  bi'lnR  llio  <lp(ucliiiiui't  Irtt  bf  CounI  d*  Rocliainbaau  at  Yorktoini, 
Id  alTciit  (be  leniaial  of  lilt  l^'rcDcb  wiUler)'  ftud  iltini  ttom  tbtt  plwt."— Jfpnrt*. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALUES. 


.•>25 


They  proceeded  in  liiviBioiiSj  con^iBting  &evoraIly  of  the 
it'giment  of  the  Royal  Dciix-Poiits,  conimnnded  by  Count 
ChHstinn  dc  Deux-Ponts;  ibe  regiment  of  the  Soisaonnnia, 
under  the  comniaiul  of  Count  Si-trur,  its  Colonel,  M.  Felix 
de  St.  Maime,  havin^f  preceded  it  to  Boston  ;  thy  regiment 
of  the  Srtintonge,  under  Count  Cusline  and  the  Pnnce  He 
Broglie;  imd  tlic  regiment  of  the  Uourbonnais.  joined  hy 
the  infiuitry  of  Laiiznn,  ronimanded 
by  the  >[arquia  de  Ltival  Moiitnio- 
ivnci. 

That  tfaia  iinusnal  military  display 
sbonld  have  attracted  general  atten- 
tion and  called  forth  eKpressions  of 
aduairatioD,  on  the  route,  can  readily 
Iw  believed,  itlibough  the  aelual  fact 
is  a  matter  of  conjecture.  On  this 
subject,  the  newspapers  of  the  day  are 
either  silent,  or  give  the  briefest  pos- 
sible notice  of  the  march,  in  ritriking 
contrast  with  the  minute  re|}orts  that 

such  an  occnrrencc  would  insure  at  the  present  time.  This 
compni-tttive  silence  may  have  beeti  maintained  from  piiideu- 
tial  considerations,  by  an  unwillingness  to  attract  the  atten- 
tion of  the  enemy  to  the  movements  of  the  allies. 

The  second  division  arrived  in  the  vicinity  of  lloston, 
December  4th ;  the  first  and  third  divisions  arrived  on  the 
5th,  and  the  fourth  joined  itA  prodccesaors  on  the  6tb.  The 
artillery  uiar<rhe<l  iw  nn  independent  corps,  and  did  not 
reach  Boston  until  the  18th. 

"The  severity  of  tiic  cold,"  writes  Count  S<igur,  "ren- 
dered our  march  painful.  I  was,  moreover,  obliged  to  keep, 
night  and  day,  a  strict  watch.  The  prospect  of  happiness 
'  which  liberty  presented  to  the  soldiers,  in  this  country,  had 
created  in  many  of  thcra  n  desire  of  quitting  their  colors, 
and  of  remaining  in  America.  In  several  corps,  theroforc, 
the  desertion  was  con«iderable ;   thanks,  however,  to  our 


MARQUlIt  UnXTKORK!"  I. 


i 


526 


Rnoi>E  ISLAND  IN  THE  BETOLDTION. 


wntclifiilncss  und  guDtt  lurtuue,  the  regtraiint  of  Soisflonnitia 
lost  but  few  men. 

"Bet'yre  we  entered  Boston,  our  troops  changed  their 
dress  in  the  o]>cti  nir,  and  iipjiciircd  in  a  slioi-t  limi^  in  such 
excellent  nttire,  that  it  seemed  incredible,  that  this  arniy, 
fomiug  from  Yorktown,  could  liuve  travelled  over  many 
hiindiTd  leagiicji  of  cniintry,  and  been  exposed  to  ail  the 
inclemency  of  a,  i-niiiy  autumn,  and  of  a  premature  winter." 

The  entmiico  of  the  trooi>ii  into  Boston,  from  Itoxbury, 
Decpmhtu'  7th,  must  Imve  been  brilliant  in  tlic  highest  decree. 
The  niaitial  strains  of  their  unisicwcre  the  final  ihsX  had  been 
heard  fmm  a  bund  by  the  citizeui;,  since  (ho  eraciiution  of  the 
town  by  the  British  foi*ces,  and  the  exact  movements  of  tlio 
several  divisions  showed  the  thoroughness  of  their  disci- 
pline. "At  their  head  was  the  liravo  Viomesnil,  who  ten 
years  later  sacrificed  his  life  in  defence  of  his  King,  in  the 
attack  on  the  Tuileries.  AVitli  him  came  Berthicr.  after- 
wards Xapoleon's  Adjntant-deneral,  and  one  of  his  Mur- 
shaU;  Matthieu  Diima«,  a  distinguished  soldier,  and  a  Oen- 
eni!  of  division  at  Waterloo;  I^dorc  de  Lvneh,  an  intrepid 
Tri:?hmnn,  after%%'ards  a  General ;  Montesqnteu,  grandson  of 
the  author  of  ''L'Esprit  dea  Lois";  (^am  St.  Cyr,  Dos 
Prez  de  Grassier,  Alexander  de  Lnmeth,  Langrone,  Anselme, 
and  others  who  attained  distinction  in  the  war*  of  the  French 
Kuvobilion.  The  officers  M-ore  chjipenux  with  a  white  cock- 
ade, a  uniform  of  white  hmadcloth,  tared  with  red,  green, 
or  blue,  according  to  the  corps  to  which  they  belonged,  and 
high  military  linots.  The  General  had  on  a  tilue  overdress. 
fi*ced  with  red.  All  were  splendidly  mounted,  and  wore 
elegant  and  costly  e(juipments."  • 

"A  grout  part  of  the  population  of  the  town,"  says  Count 
S^gur,  "came  out  to  meet  us.  The  ladies  stood  at  their  win- 
dows and  welcomed  ns  with  the  liveliest  iipplaifse.  Our 
sMy  WHS  marked  by  continued  rejoicings,  by  feasts  and  balls, 
which  succeeded  each  other,  cUy  by  day.     They  displayed. 


•  Ivn  u  of  lloxburv.  by  FmncU  ».  Uritkf ,  pp.  K  US, 


OrR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


.127 


with  equal  sincerity,  the  contending  sentiments  of  joy  at  the 
triumphs  of  the  alliod  araiie»,  and  of  sorrow  at  our  approach- 
ing departiiro."  • 

The  regret  nt  parting,  expressed  by  the  Bostonians,  was 
h«^aItLly  reciprocated  by  the  French  iillles.  Said  Count 
Diinixi :  "I  quitted  with  rcjrret  this  adopted  country,  to 
which  T  hoped  to  return  after  the  campaign  to  fultill  a  spe- 
cial mission,  for  wliich  I  had  been  named,  the  Count  dc  la 
T-uzerne,  Minister  of  France,  having  designed  me  to  be  one 
of  the  commissioners  to  fix  tho  boundaries  after  tho  conclu- 
sion of  peace."  f 

Before  taking  u  linal  leave  of  Newport,  the  French  offi- 
cers gave  n  grinid  ball,  of  which  the  following  notice 
appeared  in  the  Mercury  of  November  16,  1782  ; 

■'  sine*  our  last,  arrived  here  the  Prluce  de  Broslie,  son  of  tt>e  MnrM- 
chall  de  ni-r>Kll«;  theCotint  lie  S^u"r,Kui)  ortlicPriini'Mhibct'i'  ufCruucc: 
lb«  Cuiitil  (k-  Vaubiin ;  wltli  miiuy  otliL-r  ulllcura  )K.-luD(t1"K  ^^  tlii!  •■mint  il« 
R»cbanil)eau'x  army.  And  on  WnitDt-stlay  at  Mr».  ("rowky's  A^isi-iiitdy 
lUmtn,  ttioy  guvc  a  most  clepiiu  ball,  to  thf  Indlrs  mid  gL-titlcincn  of  tlto 
towD.  The  rofim  was  omami^nu^rl  lu  an  i-«c*-oilhiKly  !>|ileiidUI  niaimi-r, 
nnit  by  tliu  jiidiclou!<  arrniigcnicnt  of  the  varhiiiii  df^coralions,  exhihit«il  a 
BlfiUt  beautir\il  beyond  t-xpresslyn.  will  sdiowcd  the  arwit  lasU-  mid  (Icllciu:; 
of  Mous.  DesoLvux,  uuv  uT  Lite  uldii  uf  ilic  Buruti  Vlmiietinll,  who  bad!  Lhs 
dircclton  thcrcor.  A  KOpcib  coltiitloa  waa  Roned,  and  the  wtiolc  tron^kc- 
tlons  or  ibe  evening  worv  conductt-d  with  to  much  proprii^tjanil  elegance 
that  It  gave  die  tiigbeat  natlftfacUou  to  all  who  hod  the  honor  of  being 
I>ri;setit.'" 

Of  this  visit,  and  of  the  ball  hero  described,  the  Pnnce  do 
Broglie  aays : 

"All  llwue  yoiiHg  pciopip  npppnrwl  to  regret  very  much  the  abieoce  of 
our  army.    They  Oeclurccl  that  uluce  thd  French  hud  left,  churc  hud  bvon 


***ll<Hton  ArTordf  &  proof  tliat  l}l^nlMTUT  *nd  Ittxurr  an  not  InMmpatlhlir,  for  In  i>u 
ptuX  of  Ilia  Uiiltnl  Sliilr*  )•  hi  niiiirli  cmnforl.  or  ■  auitr  Mgtvembl*  mcloly  to  be  fcjrmi-ft. 
Enrop*(lo«*  ■iMoflt'r  lo  «ut  ■dnlrallOD  woiu«n  aduford  wUb  gn«ier  bMui;r,  riv canoe, 
r>ilur<liAD,  nr  moit-  btiaiUiC  aci^oiutl)«liincDU  Ibui  tbi-  Indira  or  IhMloit,  «udi  lu  MoMlniai'* 
Jvrrla.  Sniitli.  TuiloT,  and  Munuii, 

"  I  IjxIroI  nl  iri«  vxlremttf  of  ll»  town,  In  a  prrtty dwell  1  or- hoDW  bvloiijrlDs  to  Capiain 
I'lali|».  Tills  on«Rr,  Mhn  liBd  htett  grrallv  lll-<i>rg|  \t}  llie  Kii|[lltl>.  |inil)Hl>ly  l)iiiii|[lil  llyit 
OOP  imjr  of  being  rmangw]  of  ihcm  irna  id  gtvv  m  hvnrlv  wrloom*  to  a  Kri'tii'linian.  1  wua 
tbirrffar*  r«c*tvrd  ■■  >  mrmbrr  Of  llio  ftiollj,  and  il^all  ncvrr  totgt^i  bb  obUglair  hotpt- 

MUjr—mffvr.pfi.  3ii7-:fio. 

T  Hnnain,  I,  M. 


RHODE  ISLAND  IN  THE  BEVOLmON. 


QO  more  Kiiiu8i'ni«nts  nor  coDToraattoa  parties.  This  little  compUlat 
tlechltil  dc  Si-gur.  de  Vaubnn  and  myself,  Bod  Bomc  other  yonns  atnile"eii 
of  our  army.  u>  give  i  Ijotl  to  ttiu&e  dl^eousolalu  fiilr  oinui.  M.  (I«  SotL-iix 
took  charge  of  the  prcparatlnn. 

"  \Vc  met  with  nciiber  reliictanco  nor  Kfiisnl-s  when  we  flpake  of  danc- 
ln«.  Oiir  compAny  was  composed  of  Miiiin.'  twciily  young  Isdlea,  ioiu«  of 
them  married,  nil  bcautiftilly  dr^iuted,  and  all  iLppi^arinj:;  to  he  pleauted.  We 
toaNted  very  unWy  iH  Mipptr,  mul  t-verytliiug  piwwiCTl  off  very  nalUfaclorUy. 

"  Ttiv  second  day  after  thlK  lltllo  entortaiainent  we  left,  so  as  to  rejoin 
tbe  army  ot  ProvId«acc.  We  quitted  Nuw|tort  with  i;r<:ut  regret,  but  not 
without  IlfMi  barlDg  kisacd  the  hand  of  Polly  Luwton." 

In  Boston,  while  awaiting  the  movements  of  the  iSLti-quis 
de  Vjuidieiiil,  the  Frciifh  officers  wore  treat^id  with  nuirkod 
consideration  by  the  public  authorities,  and  by  prominent 
citizens.  The  nitimbors  of  the  Geneiid  Court  made  a  con- 
^rntulutory  visit  to  the  Baron  do  Viomesnil,  who  was 
addressed  in  their  lichalf,  in  n  spirited  manner,  by  the  dis- 
tinguished revolutionary  agitator,  Samuel  Adiims.  To  this 
address,  the  Baron  raiidc  an  aj>propriate  reply.  On  the  same 
day,  a  great  dinner  wnn  given  to  ^f.  dc  Viomesnil  and  to  the 
principal  officers  of  the  army,  .it  whii'li  (Jovenior  Hancoek 
presided.  The  young  officers  much  enjoyed  intercourse  with 
Governor  Kancock,  .Joliii  Adams,  tbo  Rev.  Dr.  Cooper,  a 
leading  patriot,  nnd  other  gentlemen  who  had  been  active  in 
the  memorable  scones  of  the  Kovoliition.  "Dr.  Cooper," 
says  Count  Dumas,  "one  day  spnko  to  ma  of  the  first  decla- 
ration of  independence.  We  listened  to  hlin  with  the  most 
eager  attention.  When  praising  our  enthimiattni  in  the 
cause  of  liberty,  he  said  to  ny,  'Take  care,  take  care, young 
men,  lest  the  triumph  of  the  cause  on  this  virgin  soil  should 
t*50  much  inflame  your  hopes.  Yon  will  can*y  away  with 
you  the  germs  o{  these  generous  sentiments ;  hut  if  you 
over  attemjjt  to  propagate  them  on  your  native  soil,  after  so 
many  ages  of  corruption,  you  will  have  to  suinunnit  tar  dif- 
ferent obstacles.  It  has  cost  us  much  blood  to  conquer  lib- 
erty, but  you  will  have  to  shed  it.  in  torreiilrf  liefore  you  can 
eetablish  it  in  Knrope.' 


• 


OOn  FRENCn  ALLIES. 


529 


"How  many  times  since  then,  during  our  politipfll  storm 
— during  our  fntal  days,  have  I  called  to  mind  the  prophetic 
warnioga  of  Dr.  Cooper;  but  tbc  iiiestimublo  prize  which 
the  AmcricaiiB  obtained  by  their  sacrifice  was  always  present 
to  my  mind." 

Many  of  (he  I-'rench  officers  were  cjiiitc  as  desirous  an  the 
rank   iuid   file  nf   mnkirg   America  their  future  home.     A 
considerable  number  remained  in  Pruvidenee  and   in  New- 
port, after  tlio  nrmy  marched  to  Boston,  concluding  not  to 
return  to  their  native  land.      The  records  of  St.  John'a 
Lodge,  in   Xcwporl.,  sbuw.  tbnt  October  lU,    1790,  nearly 
eight  years  snl)9cqnent  to  the  departure  of  the  armj',  eight- 
een oHicers  who  had  served  under  Itochambcaii.  joined  that 
iualilutinn.       Their  nninos  were  William   Adancourt,   who 
tanght    dancing,   Claude    liarrillc,   John    Bultdcn,   Jaiue» 
Ciillio,  Allen  Cavalier,  Joseph  ColIonoM,  Antoine  de  Char- 
tros,  John   Louis  de   Syhillc,  ^lons'r  de  Moulin,  Joan  Bjip- 
tiste  Fiory,   Mona'r  Jeane   Court,  Henry  La  Neal,  John 
Lagaad,   J.   MunLelier.   Joseph   Munela,   8.   C.    Deumuline 
Rochefort,   Peter    St.    Phillips,    Benjamin    Scelye.      The 
orthography  of  tliese  names,  :ir  here  given,  is  not  vouched 
for.     Ollicers  who  returned  to  Fnuicc  immediately  after  the 
capitulation  of  Yorktown,  expressed   anxiety  to  go  once 
more    to    America.       Dr.    Franklin,    writing    fi-oni    Pasay, 
March   4th,    11^2,   says:    "The   French   officers   who  have 
returned  to  France  this  winter,  speak  of  our  people  in  the 
handsomest  and  kindest   ninuuer;   and  there  i»  a  strong 
desire  In   many  of  the  young  nttl»Icm<*n  to  go  over  to  fight 
for  us ;  there  is  no   restraining  some  of  them  ;  and  suveral 
changes  in  tlic  officers  of  their  army  have  taken  place  in 
couse(|uence." 
•      67 


550 


RHODE  ISLAND  IK 


ruiTios. 


DEPARTURE  OP  THE  FLEET  AND  TROOPS. 

UST  OP  VESSELS  IN  TUB  BQCA-DRON  A'SD  NAUES  OF  THEIB 
COMMANDEIiS.- WRECK  OF  THE  M A.CNnriQUE.-STAFF  OF 
THE  TKIUMI'HANT. 


SHE  fleet  of  M.  de  Vnudrciiil  sjiiled  from  Boston 
DeccDiber  24tli.  It  consisted  of  Le  Triumphant,  80 
guns,  SI.  lo  ilarrjuis  Vaudivuil ;  Ln  Coiironne,  811  gnus,  Ai- 
de Milton ;  Le  Due  do  Bourgognc,  6t>  gan»,  M.  de  Charltte  ; 
L'Hercnlc,  74  gnus,  M.  lo  t'bevalier  de  Bnissc  ;  Le  N'jp- 
tuuc,  74  giiris,  M.  d'l^itin  :  La  Baiirgogne,  74  gUDs,  SL  do 
CbAmpmnrtit) ;  Le  Northmnbetlimd,  74  giins,  M.  de  Midino  ; 
Le  Bmve,  74  guns,  M.  d'AniUIeiiiont ;  I^  Citoyoa,  74 
gims,  M.  H<5ly ;  Ljl  Ni^niido,  33  giins,  M.  Ic  Chevalier  de 
Lsiguille ;  Le  Soiiveruin,  74  i^iins,  M.  Ic  Comiuaudeur  de 
Glanilever.  TUe  Augusta,  of  80  guns,  comtnaoded  by  the 
brother  of  the  Chevalier  do  Vnudrenil ;  the  Phiton,  com- 
manded by  M.  d' Albert  de  Kiom  ;  the  Amnzonc,  frigate,  32 
giina,  comumnded  by  M.  do  rAiguillc,  n  brother  of  the 
Major  of  the  squadron  ;  and  the  Clnirvoyanto,  Pach6,  com- 
mander, were  at  rortsmoiith,  N.  H.,  to  rt'ceive  a  poi-tion  of 
the  French  army  whiich  had  iiiiirchcd  lo  that  pliice.  They 
were  to  sail  in  tvvenly-four  hours  after  M.  de  Vaudreuil  left 
the  Boston  Koa<l8,  to  join  the  squadron  on  St.  George's 
Bank,  and  then  unitedly  to  double  Cape  Cod,  and  cmiso 
before  Newport,  to  disengage  the  Fnntasquo. 

"This  fine  squadron,  which  was  now  thoroughly  repaired, 
was  commanded  by  officers  who  had  distJngnished  them- 
selves during  the  preceding  eampuigns.  The  crews,  com- 
posed of  experienuetl  seamen,  were  full  of  ardur,  and  our 
brave  soldiers,  proud  of  their  success  iu  Amei-ica,  were 


OCR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


531 


ready  for  every  enterprise,  however  ilaring.  The  squadron 
made  a  noble  appcnnmce,  as  it  set  »ail  amidst  the  acclama- 
tions and  lionndintions  of  the  Amorii^nnn,  who  Iniidl}"  cheered 
the  French  fliig."  In  salHng  out  of  the  harbor,  the  sr^iiad- 
roa  passed  in  i^ight  of  the  wrci-k  of  the  Magnitiquo,  the  toss 
of  ■which  was  a  sor«  vexation  lo  M.  de  Viuidri'iiil.* 
The  start*  of  the  THnrnphant  wa3  as  follows  : 

MnnlcabitT,  Aug  officer. 
Tlie  Ctievallei'  tie  rAI«uniB,  Major. 
Tlw  Clievalior  (tv  Orliiialdl.  Adjulsot. 
The  Chevalier  dc  Viola.  Adjutant. 

The  Chevalier  de  la  Panonsc,  of  tho  Murines,  AsslBUnt  Afljolaot. 
ReiicntijL;ny  aud  DesKoii,  I.[«iil«nariU. 
nvlnnsri.',  i'lin.it  and  Ui-Izlii,  pitsijpis. 

.Maudat,  tie  l>iiHaas.  le  Pont  and  Moncheron.  Ofllcero  of  the  Marin**. 
Thrco  auxiliary  oCU;.Drii.  and  thr«u  oRlccrs  of  th«  rcKlmont  of  MMoe, 
keeping  garrhon  In  Lhc  ship. 

Upwards  of  eleven  hundred  persons  were  on  board  this 
ship,  among  wlioin  was  the  Buron  de  Vioniosnil,  and  Com- 
modore John  Paul  Jones. 


HEALTH   OF  T]IE   .\RMY. 

JJj[\HE  hygiene  of  the  army  during  the  period  it  remained 
^5  in  Rhode  Island,  appears  to  have  been  unusually 
good.     Thia,  in  a  large  mea»inre,  was  prohahly  owing  to  a 


h 


•The  Uaimtftqur,  H  faot,  eoTnmsndrd  by  M.  At  Harlrru*.  ww  toit  an  lxnelV»  ItUnii. 
In  Bodon  liaibor,  in  Augatl.  17K.  LVinpri'**,  iloirou*  ot  lt>lll>luK  to  111*  VkinUf  the 
»rn»  llic)-  entertatnvc]  or  liU||cn»rOM*PXCt1ioni  In  h^hair  <it  llit-  rnlird  tMnlv*,  liulrucird 
Ihrlr  Aerht  at  Marlon,  "lo  jireapat  the  Ainrrlu,  a  dfw  :^  guu  bIjIp.  la  th«  nainn  or  Iba 
Viillril  iU«iei,  lo  llip  riipvnllrr  cIf  la  Luirrop,  Tor  llic  kcrvlce'ut  III*  MotI  Clirbtlaii 
MaJvtt)'."  Till*  «titp  wai  built  In  rartimiouTh,  K.  II.,  uuijcr  the  lu  perl  ill  radiiicc  of  Com- 
mrnlorp  Jnlva  I'mil  -lonra,  nnit  aT  wtilcli  lie  nn>  lo  \wt  liail  ponunnnd;  bul  Ibe  ciixcnctof 
i>r  tlip  lliriB  rcniliTcil  >  illlTrrmi  (l<-ilLnnlIuD  toi  llip  ililp  ni-cpuar;. 


nnonr.  islasto  dt  the  retolution. 

vigiliint  cnforecmont  of  sjitiitfti-y  rc^iilutions,  under  the  rigid 
inspeelion  of  tho  ^fiircclimix  de  Camp.  The  solilion*  of 
"suuiiy  France"  wero  not  ttniirelv  |iniof  ii<fuin8t  the  fre- 
({iiont  nnil  oxtrciiie  ch)tiic;c9  ol*  our  scn-i-on^t  cliuiulc.  and  in 
the  ox(«ssively  cold  winter  of  1780-*!, »  throat  disease  pre- 
vailed,— to  what  extent  is  unknown, —  whlt-h  in  several 
iiistaiices^  proved  fata!.*  Still  the  encampments  do  not 
appear  to  have  attractod  dpocial  attuntioo  or  comment  on 
this  account.  On  llio  .subject  of  health  in  the  array,  M. 
Claude  IJlanchard,  Commissary  in  Chief  of  Ilochamheaii'ft 
army,  speaks  in  positive  terin».  He  siiys  :  "  Xotwilhstnnd- 
ing  this  changeable  weather  which  I  have  observed  in  Khode 
Island  during  the  whole  winter,  the  eountry  is  hcaltliy  ;  the 
rest  of  my  aojourti  proved  it  to  mc.  1  have  always  had 
fewer  sick,  pcr^ns  in  our  hospitals  than  in  France,  and  when 
our  army  set  out  in  the  hitter  part  of  17H2,  after  staying  in 
America  two  and  a  half  years,  we  had  not  ten  sick  in  n 
thousand  men."  t  Ai>suuiing  (but  (be  niiuy,  on  tts  departure 
from  Ithode  Ishmd,  lumibercd  six  thousand  men,  tho  sick 
list  would  aggregate  not  more  than  sixty  jiersons. 

WHERE    BIRIE!), 

The  soldiers  who  died  in  camp  lu  North  Providence  were 
buried  in  the  soiitb-west  eorrier  of  the  North  Burlid  Ornund 
in  Providence.  Of  this  I  was  informed,  in  IHfiS,  by  the 
late  Mr.  Dexter  Thurber.  whose  father,  Mr.  Samuel  Thur- 
her,  pointed  out  to  him  the  exact  spot.  In  interviews  lield 
more  recently  with  the  venerable  Deacon  Philip  Martin,  for 
forty  years  or  more  a  superinleudent  cif  intonnenta,  Mith  tho 
late  Ex-Mayor  Edward  P.  Knovvles,  and  %vitli  the  late  Hon. 
Zachariah  Allen,  nil  intimately  aeijuninted  with  the  history 
of  the  grounds,  the  statement  of  Mr.  Thurber  was  con- 
firmed. Tlio  number  of  soldiei-s  buried  there  is  unknown. 
On  this  subject  tho  Providence  (iazelte  is  silent;  so  are  tho 


I 


>  RocbBinbcau. 


TJourvDliri'  Clauilf  Itlandtud,  p.  IM,  h. 


' 


c^ccc^c^/^^c^^  (/c^^^Ony. 


ODB  FRENCH  AIXTE9. 


533 


records  of  Ibe  Town  CoiiDcils  of  Providenpo  and  of  North 
Providence.  In  Providence,  the  SnpeHntPndcnf  a  record  of 
huriftis  does  not  commence  until  1847  ;  and  licnce,  if  any 
list  of  the  dflcansed  soltlioi-s  is  Jn  oxistcru'e,  it  will  most 
pTObfibly  be  found  in  the  nrchiveB  of  the  Wnr  Departnieot 
in  Prtiis.  Whetlipr  au^'  such  return  wan  uiadc  is  at  present 
a.  injitter  of  coiijccliirc.  Of  course,  tnking  M.  Rlanchard's 
statement  as  a  basis  of  calculation,  the  decedents  could 
hardly  be  cnunierated  by  hundreds,  iia  esiiggenited  tradition, 
without  corroborative  proof,  has  affirmed.' 


A  BRJEF  RKSUMK. 


lITE  full  of  Yorktowu  li;u4toned  the  cloac  of  a  contest, 
which  kceu-si^hted  English  atatesmen  foresaw  could 
not  be  made  successful  in  |)orpetua1(no;  the  vasHalagc  of  the 
thii-lcen  AmoHciHi  Colonies.  I^ord  North  spoke  propheti- 
cally, when,  on  receiving  the  news  of  the  capitulation  of 
Cornwallis,  he  exolaimetl,  in  unsuppresaod  agony,  "  //  m  nil 
ovtr."  All  was  iben  lost.  The  luighlesl  jewel  in  the 
English  crown  was  torn  from  its  aetting.     Ever  after,  it  was 


*rr1or  (o  ITOO,  ib«ra  wmi  no  [fubKe  buriDl-tr^i><>4  In  PraHdenw.  tl  \mA  bmn  tlirpne- 
Um  r,t  hmiMholden  10  Mt  apMt.  upon  Il>plr  owil  land,  ■  apol  for  •  family  cnvc.yiird. 
IVtiwii*  ar*  dill  Mitiiff  who  rpmrinbt-r  tlic  Cockr,  Aihlon,  TIIIIuKhnit,  CtawlVird,  tlrawn, 
Whlpp'l^,  Drxipr  and  ullicr  prlmt'T  vDcluturv*,  nialdlaiiiH  fur  till*  purpv*o  In  dlircri'nt 
jutrlit  nf  (hp  (own.  Iii  llin  abovr  named  frar,  tittdft  Hip  firr^iute  at  an  IntrvMitiir  imd, 
ihe  Kortli  Burlklti round  wan  lalil  oiil,  tn  vrlilch  iiravlaloa  irai  lamitv  for  colortd  pcri«n* 
•nd  r«r airk&fftn.  lliu  prlvlki*  of  Ntrylnji  in  Ihli  icrouiLd  na*  rxincdMl  lo  decrdcmn  In 
ever?  iDwn  (u  PtoTirleiirc  cuudI^. —  ■  prKllc^v  Tiir  niaiir  jiran  lm|iruTnl.  The  loinhprn 
botiudat]'  uf  llir  Kruuni]  la  tli«  crUM  cwrrlaprwaf  runninf  from  pmi  (o  wnt.  All  llic  Ikid 
rxirnillny  Miuttt  nf  ihU  llnr  Ni  the  faunlaJn  oppoftlle  llAUen'a  lani!  wu  act  apart  far  a 
"  ImliiInK  Ai'lil."  Hiit  a  ilniilK  tnllltirr  parDdc  la  ipinvmbcrml  to  tiaro  bmn  Inid  llHiff. 
That  poMloD  of  the  lIHd  cncloifd,  fmiu  tlicMitriuier  irntc  lo  fie  cTi>»*(1rl>r,  was  lonf  omu- 
pl*d  \tj  tlio  tiiwna-jiMiiilr  at  u  iwtid-|ilt.  hill  'n  iMJ  ll  ■■>  Krndri.anil  U  nan  coiivrrted  into 
Ml  Rttraclltt  luwn,  omatuonte<l  from  •[>rliiK  in  autunm  atlili  a  laHHy  of  b«BullfUl  llawtr* 
anit  plnnta.  'Die  go^ni  lailp  ol  lh<'  Suptrinl«DdcDt  if  no  ItM  vUilil»  In  lh«  nralncM  cttrrr 
Whcrv  illaplayml  In  llila  '■clljr  of  tlin  dfad," 


5U 


KHODE  ISLAND  IK  TnS  BBVOLUTION. 


to  shine  an  iiKippcadcnt  geui.  TUe  duminution  uf  England 
over  a  country,  nt  this  <lay  extending  IVom  the  Atlantic 
oce.in  to  the  wntew  of  the  Piicific,  and  in  minei-al  wealth 
oiit-vieing  tbu  faljiiloiis  riuhes  of  (To)uondiiT  ceased.  A  eeo- 
tury  peases,  and  wbiit  is  the  record?  Simply  tbi»:  the 
feeble  and  dospi^etl  Colonies,  awakened  to  self-reliance,  and, 
in  the  spirit  of  self-iisaertion.  developed  tlioir  material 
re3onrces  with  n  rapidity  and  to  an  extent  nnpanilleled  in 
liistoi-y.  In  their  Federal  eonsolidatioii,  they  have  taken  a 
foremost  rank  among  the  iiationn.  The  little  one  has 
become  a  thousand.  Three  millions  of  dependants  have 
hocome  tirty  millionj*  of  freemen.  It  is  anid  that  the  8ui>- 
port  of  the  American  cause  l>y  the  French,  leading  to  this 
raftgnificcnt  rcsiill,  cost  the  government  of  Louis  XVI. 
1,400,000,000  of  livroa.  The  alliance  so  sca-sonahly  formed 
—  the  fact,  that  France  was  the  lirst  nation  to  acknowledge 
the  Independence  of  the  Tnitod  Colonies, — and  the  Hhcrnl 
mntcrinl  support  t'lirnislied  in  the  hour  of  pressing  need,* 
should  perpetuate  in  every  American  heart  a  grateful  sense 
of  the  important  scrvioos  rendered  by 

"OVU.  F«BSCH   vVlLIE8." 


■Aincinx  th«'  fVirnil!!  of  tli«  AiiKTicAO  ColonlM,  who  d^-ot«41y  trmxl  rhrlr  Intcmti  In 
Prmiir«,  oii*  ripTri>  AujeiikIId  Av  Ci-aiiiiiafRtiatt.  Hp  wa*  Inrft^ly  loilrnnirDUl  Id  liiducliiK 
ttic  t''Tvnch  xoi'crunifliil  to  fleeretlj  aid  tlie  Arnvrlcan*,  fttii]  In  tocurins  n  autxlitr  ttoia 
SpilD.  In  rlTorli  lo  rnlw  rum))  he  »&,  imlrritligklilG.  TlircniKli  hU  endmron.  :&.n00  mu»- 
kvUk  WVcvnnont.  adiI  '^w.^nifiomiilt  of  jtiinpowdpr  w^tp  tent  to  Amivrioa.  U.  Ilraumar. 
chnU  wa>  tinrn  (n  I'»rU,  .Imiiiur/  LH.  173^.  »nd  •llrU  JIb;  llf,  t:w.  Ill*  IMiBion  iliuul*!  tw 
phorl'lit'il  I"  imwli  nt  tliul  of  imj  luro  iit  VdtIi'uuii. 


A    HUNDRED    YEARS. 


Centennial    Commemoration, 


OCTOBER  16-20;  1881, 


OF  TUB 


Surrender  of  Yorktown, 


TUKtINIA, 


OCTOUKIi    VJ,    1781. 


y 


CENTENNIAL    COMMEMORATION 


or  TUB 


SURRENDER  OF  YORKTOffN. 


KOM  April  I9tli,  1&75,  wlii'u  tbe  ouc  liiiDtlrcihli  >niiiTcr»ury  of 
Dh"  tiatllcs  of  Lexington  ami  C'rincon]  wns  pntluisiBslicnlU"  coinmeinn- 
rMltnl,  iiitlil  (>cUi1)«r  IDtli,  1^81,  when,  with  i^qiDil  vndiuHiiwiii,  tlivtmr- 
rendi'r  rtf  T/tn]  (.'ornwHlli^nml  \u»  nnnr,  li>^-1])r-r  witti  tlir  naval  (Virce 
l>v  wliirli  hiH  l.(ivcl»lii|i  luiil  Ik'i-ii  )iii]i]M>rt(-il,Hii!i  <-i'Tcliriilr<)  iiI  Vorklown, 
in  Virginia,  n  srries  of  rrvolotionwry  events  was  hrouglii  fro*hIj-  to 
mintl  by  itjiirilvil  niitl  opprapridtL'  (.'crcmonioii.  Tlivytold  nni<w  uf  tlio 
bnivcrv  tli^iiliiycii  on  Rtinkor'-'  Hill,  on  Klio'k  I^tltinil,  nn  IjIiii<^  li^lnnt!. 
on  lliirlt'ii)  I'Ininc,  on  Ki>iiii»i'^  Hi'ig1il»,  ntTrcnlnn.  Bt  IVinrt-ton,  nl 
Sarii^JKrt,  III  Siuuy  roiul,  a(  tliv  Cdwiwns,  nt  (luilfoM  C'oiiri-lloiisu, 
unil  on  niimeron^  otlirr  fivM?,  and  Miireil  patriulic  fire  in  the  hpHtIa 
(iI'h  >j«.'Mt"nil ion  whow-'  HnCMtors,  h  tviihiryln-ffipi',Inii!  roii;;iil  nntl  tileil 
fi»r  tVtvdoiu.  The  rx-nlcnnial  riK-liiiitiou  itt  Yorktowii  wb»  jioI  local, 
but  niitionul,  ami  the  ihouuindn  nsM-inbtcd  ih^rc  to  pHr1)ci|kalfl  In  llio 
tirilliiiiil  pii^cnnt  rr|)rcM>uti.-il  tin-  (llH-  millions  of  frcnncn  whow 
bcnrt-ibrobfl  wer«  al  tliat  nionicDt  in  udIsod. 


ORlGtN    OF    THE    ComiKHORAnoN. 


The  itU'a  of  ruk-Imiliiig,  nl  Yorktown,  the  one  liiitMlnitlth  annivcr- 
wirj-  of  tlip  THiiitnlaiion  of  I^rd  Corn wnl lis.  originaM  with  ('nhinol 
M.  Gl^nitdn.  the  editur  of  thv  "  Norfolk  VJr(;iniuu."     By  hia  lirvlvsa 

68 


cftorlit,  lh&  "  Vorktowii  Ceiilenniwl  AsMtrlntinn  "  •  wiis  fonueJ,  ami 
in  I871J  WM  cwnnnvuionuuil  tint  »iiKtv-i.^ightli  nnniveriary  of  l\xi 
fliirrcnrlfr,  in  wliicli  tuu  thousand  pernios  pnniplpated.  Tliij'  gavo  an 
iinpoiud  ill  llie  riglil  ilirvrtiijii,  aud  lli«  vuilino  cuuivptiuti  K'j;rtii  lo 
take  (arm.  A  ine<«tinK  *>f  111*  Govtrmoro  of  Die  orijiiiia)  ihirteco 
SiaU-n,  held  nl  Vhilndfrlpliia.  moveil  hi  titp  .«Haio  line.  Il  waa  rot-om- 
idi'ihIv*]  lo  nil  tlie  Govt-ritunK  to  )i|)point  ntmnii-inkitK-rs  from  llicir 
ruRpectivi'  Stali'fl.  w  niil  in  rrealing  an  InKreM  iu  llit  niotlcr. 

Ctovcnior  Holliilay,  nf  Virpiiiia.  apprpt-iHting  ihc  wn-irtMi  rwitflcpod 
by  CuluDel  Cilennan,  iip[)iiitiU-il  liiiu  to  rvpri'sviil  *^  i1k>  Old  Uomlu- 
lon."  Tin*  itiuvcment  soon  Ht^Hunu'il  n  iiitlioikHl  Hiaracler.  By  Act 
of  Cou^frrae,  uf  Juni-  7,  IftHO,  n  ('«'iiti'nniiil  Commission  was  created. 
Th«  8um  of  8100,1)00  WHS  appivpnati-tl  tu  di-fray  the  L-xiHrnw;  »f 
pn-otiii",  al  Yorktoivri.  iIk-  lung  prumi^wd  uiouumcut.t  and  ?i'J.WO 
more  wm  pruvidt-'d  lo  nid  in  d*!frayin^  Ihe  expenses  of  tlw  ceU-bra- 
tion. 


fXVITATJUSS. 

In  a<-p<inl«nrt*  wltli  n  ri'.'oltii iun  of  (JouijrvM,  PpomiIpoI  Hutlierfiinl 
H.  I  [ayes  nddrfKsi'd  II  l.'ltrr  in  A1..JuI<>a  Grevy,  l'rosii)i;tit  of  the  Kreuch 
Itepulilir,  inviting  I)im,and  lltrniij^h  hini  "tlio  pi(>nple-  of  Fratice,"  *^to 
imitf  with  the  govoniinftnt  and  people  of  tlic  United  Stole*  in  rclohrAl- 
in;;  lilt-  tviitt-nniiil  anniversary  of  llie  ^urrundcr  of  I>onl  Cornwnllie, 
at  Yorkiown."  A  similiir  inviuuion  was  vxtenilcJ  lo  Ibe  family  of 
(ium^ral  I^nfayvtlc.  SubKi-qnimtly.  invitatinn«  wufg  given  to  tito 
de»eendant!>  of  Cuuut  ^e  Kix-litunlR'aii,  Adinirul  du  rTrHMB,  Admiral  do 
Ilarr»!<,  J  nnd  lo  lliow  of  nil  niliwrc  who  were  in  any  way  cunoeclwl 
widi  IJr'  Kri'jR-li  anny  or  fleet  lH'f>L>re  Ywcklown.  By  diredKiu  of 
IVjiidenl  Giirlield,  ibt-  Seen-lnry  of  Stale,  the  Hon.  .Inme*  G.  Klaine, 
tmili-red  llii-oiifth  the  .Anicrienn  Minister,  at  Iterlin,  like  invitalioiL^  lo 
liic  ix-preBen  111  lives  of  Uamu  Steulieii.  Tlieae  invilatiou*  were  warmly 
ac!eepii''d.  M  Gr£vy  appointed  IjC  Cominandnnt  Loi^r^rionstcin  to 
i-ppri'senl  tin-  Fremdi  {rnvenimeiil.  On  tin-  Hrrivnl.  al  New  York,  of 
tlic  fureigu  gucjtts;  iticy  were  bospiuiljly  vuleruuncd,  a&  tbey  ako 


• 


*ltr  tliti  ■••orljUlon,  llii>  Hoi).  John  liaoitr.  -if  Norrulh,  In  Vtrglnla.  OM  diOwrB  rml> 
dent,  ULilwaril  t:vvrv(l  Wliirticll,  of  S'l-w  York,  #wn**rf,  ■ii'l  Col»ii*4  J.  B-  Vnjlon,  at 
ll*ililuD(lcld,  Stu  Jvt^t:},  Uoiii-rul  SiitiCTiuD odeiil. 

tAiiti.  |>|i.  ivi,i:'t. 
1  Hit  tamUy  «r  Adulnl  •■«  BiimLi  )iim  tnKwioc  vxiluct. 


IW^      l-rM  tfi-vT 


r*>   hM«|>ilAi>t^  •micfUtUfi'Xf  »*   iitaij 


Itann  hN  iMa^B  K«nr-t 


■^ 


^./E  -  H-'^yy- 


«UTKEffi7 


ODB  FRENCH  ALLIES  539 

were  in  Philadelphia,  in  Baltimore,  in  Washington,  in  Kichmond, 
and  in  other  cities  visited  by  them.  Indeed,  during  their  aojouni  in 
the  United  States,  no  pains  were  spared  on  the  part  of  the  general 
government,  and  of  State  and  municipal  authorities,  to  fill  every 
hour  with  brightness.  These  attentions  elicited  from  their  recipicuta 
enthusiastic  expressions  of  appreciation. 

At  home,  invitations  were  extended  to  officers  of  the  army  and  of 
the  navy,  to  tlie  Chief  Justice  and  to  the  Associate  Justices  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  to  the  diplomatic  corps,  to  the 
Governors  of  all  the  States  in  the  Union,  to  delegations  of  the  mili- 
tary from  each  of  the  original  thirteen  States,  to  the  Mayors  of  the 
cities,  to  the  surviving  ex-Presidents  and  ex-Vice  Presidents  of  the 
United  States,  and  to  a  large  number  of  private  citizens,  prominent 
in  various  professions.  Measures  were  also  adopted  to  insure  the 
presence  of  a  large  representation  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

CONGRESSrOKAL    CESTESNIAL    C  OK  MISSION. 

The  Congressional  Centennial  Commission,  before  mentioned,  con- 
sisted of  the  following  gentlemen,  representing  the  original  thirteen 
States : 

Senators : 

Connecticut,  "\V.  W.  tjiton  ;  New  York,  Francis  Kernan  ; 

Delaware,  T.  F.  liayard  ;  North   Carolina,   Matthew  W. 
Georgia,  Bonjamiii  H.  Hill ;  Gaiisom  ; 

Maryland,    William    Pinckney  Pennsylvania,  William  A.  Wal- 

Wliyte ;  lace  ; 

Massachusetts,  H.  L.  Dawes;  Rliode  Island,  Ilynry  B.ATithony  ; 

New  Hampshire,  E.  II.  RoiliTis ;  South  Carolina,  M.  C.  Butler; 

New  Jersey,  T.  F.  liaiidolph  ;  Virginia,  John  W.  Johnston  ; 

House  of  Beprcsenlaliics  : 

Connecticut.  Joseph  R.  Ilawley  ;  Mossachiisftts,  ficorge  B.  Loring  ; 

Delaware.  K,  L.  Martin  ;  New  Ilampsliii-e,  Joshua  (1.  Hall  ; 

Georfjiu,  Henry  Persons;  New  Jersey,  L.  A.  Brigliam  ; 

Maryland,  F.  C.  Tulbot ;  New  York,  Nicholas  MuUer  ; 


OUK   FB£>Xn  ALLIES. 


541 


tliv  allrni'lioui*  of  the  occasion.  No  more  nppi-oprintf.  loratioii  cinild 
liftVf  Iwi-ti  Sflecicd.  On  III*  one  siiic,  iliis  fif-lil  nf  Mure  was  flanked 
hy  llic  York  river,  hrnl  on  the  other,  hy  n  shcUfring  forest.  lU-rc,  n 
century  gone  by,  ihe  army  of  ComwHlliK  liiiil  duwu  iis  arma  to  Wnsh- 
iiiglon  aud  to  the  "  French  Allies,"  ntidcring  Turtlier  «flbrl»  to  cnish 
out  the  lifv  of  n  new-hom  nntion  hopek'.^>;. 

To  jjut  the  l"'arm  in  suilable  orJer,  mid  t»  provide  for  other  unn- 
I'oitlubU-  uxp(.-ii«vt*  uf  the  CVcttuuniHi,  thi'  ^V««oct»lion  ileculcd  timt  at 
least  {(•^■'>t>.000  muHl  Im  raistnl.  Tin;  Kiirm  was  cRpilalirod  in  Mock 
lo  thiit  amuiitit.  C'LTliticatfs  of  tUii  stock,  in  8um»  of  Wn  A'Ahint 
eacli,  wore  iB9uccl  to  incorporatorfl  in  th«  District  of  Columbia,  and 
in  t-nrli  of  tlii-  oiig-itral  lliirtLfit  .Stnlcfl.*  How  succeMful  this  mothnd 
of  raising  funtU  proved  dn^'s  not  a|i|i«nr. 

It  hud  been  the-  oxpoctHtion  of  ihc  Asiiociation,  that  the  nionuiuciil 
woidd  W  erecl*>d  on  ihe  Farm.  FiOcen  acres  of  land  were  Fct  apurt 
fur  a  t<iu>,  and  ilonated  lu  the  I'nilcd  Slaletf.  It  wna  t>iLid  to  hiLTC 
Uitiu  tliv  ilvsjgii  uf  the  Aw>uciatio[i  to  trauitftir,  at  tlie  close  of  the 
tvlebrntion,  llic  entire  Funu  lo  itie  govcrutncut,  to  Le  pnnvertwJ  into 
H  Nalionsil  I'ark,  but  th?  »(>lec()on  of  a  location  on  a  hijjh  bliifl'  of 
Ihc!  York  rirvr,  vyilhiii  half  a  mil(*,  or  lets,  uf  llio  ctvnlrc  of  the  vil- 
lage, prevented  llic  consninmiition  of  llio  (>laii. 

coNVKyiKcE*. — roinnTsrEa. 

Lilwral  prDvieinn  was  made  for  tlic  conveyance  of  nalional  gucirt* 
from  New  Yiivk  and  frimi  WashingtuD.  At  Washington,  tlie  "Kxwl* 
Hior,"  a  large  ami  ruuvenieiit  irt«aiiier,  received  on  boanl  nearly  Iwu 
Imnilred  guests,  ttie  arrftUi{emi;iit»  for  whose  romfort  were  ■equal  to 
IIiobc  of  a  fin<t-elH»8  hoti?l.  Tlte  ''Desiuilch,*'  iLServw^teumer  appro* 
prifltcd  to  the  nuc  of  IVesidcnl  Arthur,  of  nienilwre  of  his  Cnbinvt, 
and  of  other  eminent  parsonages,  ••Thi;  Cttyof  CatikiUi'Mlie^i-lxcd- 
aior,"  and  oilier  steamers,  to  wliieb  guests  had  liven  aiwi^^^ned,  left  the 
pier  at  Washington,  on  Monday  altcnioon,  (.Irtober  17lh,  and  reached 
Yorklinvn  the  naxt  maming.  The  ftrrivnl  of  the  President  wm 
Buuounced  by  salutes,  uf  twcnly-ooc  guns,  from  the  United  StalAi 


k 


••■'llic  Turklow-ii  llktiil  Book,"  luiiii]  •1i»rtlx  lirTun- (lii> (vtnniirniumilun.Blv"  •  11«  *f 
the  DRinrt  of  llip  liimr|>on>Iori.  Tlipj  nuinbrr  »»  fi>llow»;  Vlrflpi*,  tt;  Coanccllcul,  SO; 
HsrylBiia,  tU;  New  York  dty.  IL:  UUMcliUMtl^  lU;  New  Ilauipthln-.  9;  l>[<uu>;1*ii>ii*. 
t;  .SaulliCiuallnji.  H:  Grorgim,  8)  Svn  JvnwjTt  ^l  Kortb  CwoliDi,  7;  Dtnrlcl  oT  Colum- 
bia,?; tMai»r*,(t;  Uliodeldand.a. 


^^ 


I 


n 


OUB  FRENCH  ALLIES.  543 

Lonl,  our  ilelivt^rf^r.  The  Influence  of  this  event  was  seen  in  the  teemfog 
forth  of  blcsHincH  of  a  century  of  national  life,  and  the  influenrc  of  those 
blcssiugH  is  flharcil  abroad  to  every  corner  of  the  earth." 

After   discussing   the   origin    ami    fnni^tions   of  government,    ihe 
Bishop  continued  : 

"  We  thank  the  Most  High  tor  having  knit  the  ties  of  union  and  brother- 
hood ho  cloHc  tliat  they  «hi>  so  Hhort  a  time  ago  met  iii  the  awfnl  nhot-k  of 
battle  meet  hero  to-day  with  no  strife  or  rivalry  save  that  of  enthimiaxtin 
devotedness  to  tlieir  common  country,  and  are  gathered  here  around  thit  old 
fountain  Iwiul  of  !ilnTty  that  all  may  drink  deep  of  the  itatriotiHui  of  our 
fathers,  a  putriotiMm  high  and  nnivernal,  knowing  no  limits  of  nert  or  section, 
no  bonndtt  save  (lod  and  humanity,  and  while  this  mourning  drapery, 
entwined  with  the  embleniH  of  our  exultation,  reminds  us  of  bow  so  lately 
our  country  Irent  in  tnartul  sorrow  over  the  prostrate  form  of  her  Chief  Mag- 
istrate, cut  oft  in  the  midat  of  his  noble  career  by  the  iniquitous  aet  of  an 
assassin,  yet  we  see  uo  blanch  of  terror  in  her  cheek,  no  tremor  of  anxiety  in 
her  hand.  She  inHcril>ett  his  name  on  the  list  of  her  illustrious  sons,  and  thus 
points  calmly  (inward  and  upward,  strong  in  the  faith  that  He  who  so  mar- 
vellously blessed  her  with  unparalleled  prosperity  during  this  century  of  her 
life  will  not  abandon  His  work  and  has  not  exbuustcd  His  treasure." 


IIiM  JinnI  words  wt-re  for  France,  invoking  a  hlesaing  upon  a  nntion 
that  luid  ctood  by  our  country  in  its  time  of  need. 

"  May  all  that  is  honorable  and  noble  die  out  of  the  hearts  of  men  ere  the 
remembrance  of  this  <lie  out  of  our  country's  spirit.  May  this  soil,  be  sacred 
to  our  country's  Iil)erties  — more  sacred  even  than  old  Independence  Hall; 
1)ecanse  while  there  she  made  the  grand  but  almost  desperate  venture,  here 
the  wn:ath  of  victory  was  entwined  around  her  brow.  May  it  ever  be  doubly 
sacred  because  of  the  miu^'led  blood  that  bos  hallowed  it,  and  may  that  min- 
gled biooil  be  the  covenant  of  a.  friendship  more  lasting  than  the  mounmental 
sbiLft  wliicb  is  here  to  tell  all  future  generations  of  the  alliance  between 
France  and  America." 


A    SHADOW. 

The  rejoicings  of  the  day  ivcre  shadowed  by  the  funeral  of  Captain 
I-Mward  P.  MfCrea,  of  the  flag-ship  "Tennessee."  He  died  on 
Saturday,  October  14th.  A  service,  conducted  by  Chaplain  T.  A. 
Gill,  was  held  ou  board  the  "  Tennessee,"  afler  which  the  remains 
were  conveyed  to  the  I'uited  States  steamer  "  Yantic,"  for  transfer 
to  Xnrfolk,  Virginia,  and  tlieiice  to  New  York.  Captnins  Joseph 
Kvfic  and  Richard  W.  Meade,  and  Commanders  (J.  B.  Wliite  and 


OUR  FRENCn   ALLIES. 


M5 


who  wiliiuAftcd  tlie  veruniony.  At  tnn  o'clock,  a.  u..  the  Uuntl  of  the 
tlitnl  Uiiitod  SIilU'h  artillnry  i^ave  an  out-tlojr  conoiTt  «t  lh<*  frrftrnl 
B(»nfl,  near  line  riltc  of  the  mouiimL-ul.  Al  liio  »nmv  hour  ihi*  Nurtli 
Cunrlinu  Slate  hand  ^avc  a  ftimilnr  concert  at  lliu  tnilitai')'  <tuii[>  uu 
'IVmjiltf  Fiirrn.  Ry  Irn  aiw3  n  liiilf  n'l-lncfc,  nil  the  ntcmni-'n!  Kpppw- 
(>naiwJ  lo  tlic  usi!  of  the  iintiomil  ginytti*  hud  arnvvd.  At  olcvuii 
tf'clwJt,  Governor  W.  K.  M.  Kollidiiy,  of  Virginia,  hel<l  n  receiilifln 
in  "Lafaycllo  IIiJI."  The  liall  was  liiindsonK'Iy  dwyrtilcJ  with 
GBg»,  Aiiiun^  the  iioliihtu<i  of  the  ucoiision  wfre  Prcsidt-nt  Arthur 
and  mcmhers  uDiiN  cabiu^t,  the  tbreigii  giieittji.  and  diplomaliv  coqid, 
GoTcroorD  mid  C'ommUnionent  nf  the  SiatcK,  Gi-iicriil  W.  S.  llnDoock. 
wi(]  Major  Asa  Bird  Gordner.  of  \m  slnlT.  Coh>iiel  Oswahl  Tll^'hmaii, 
Governor  WilHaiii  T.  Ilamihon.  nf  Marjlniid.  and  Gencml  Ilcnry 
S.  Tnylop,  of  his  slniT,  Hnii.  Itohcrl  V.  Wlnthrop,  Kx-Ouvonior 
Perry,  of  South  Ciiroltna,  tngcihor  with  iiiiiiiy  other  widely  kmiwn 
mlliljiry  ofRccrs  and  civiliatis.  Ithutle  Ishind  was  re|irB8enlcd  by 
Guvtpnor  Alfred  H.  Uttleflchl,  CcntTal  Huratici  liners,  Hon.  Nel* 
BOB  W.  Aldrii-h,  and  other  tuilional  guwBls. 

I-'oUoHJug  the  reccptiou  wa*  tbe  ecremoiiy  of  laying  the  corner- 
Bt4Ji)«  of  the  monunoeut,  acconling  lo  Masonic  forms,  under  the 
direcrtioti  of  Moat  Worfhipful  Ptylf>»  S.  Cole*,  Grand  Mafitcr, 
Assisted  by  the  Grand  Wrister*  of  tin-  orij3;iiinI  Grand  Ijodpe.t  nf  tha 
thirteen  original  Slatex.  The  ast>cmhly  was  called  to  order  by  Hon. 
.lofin  W.  Johnston.  Prayer  wan  offered  by  the  Rev.  Robert  NeL-wn, 
grnndson  of  Governor  Nelson,  whose  pnlriotic  sarrifices  ior  freedom 
havp,  in  jirevioiia  pages,  been  related.  A  thoughtfully  eloi|Huo:  and 
iiirdial  addnsss  of  M-elenmc  was  made  by  (iuvoruor  HoLliday.  He 
took  a  broad  sun'uy  of  the  riw  and  firogresH  of  the  Ameriean  nation  : 

"To  tilts  hlttlory  hftonopRralli?! Kotlifnc  like  tbta  to  iu  extent 

and  proportlciDa  has  tiuen  Kiven  ua  bvfore Tlib  luoiiuuieut  will 

r  jiTOclttlm  lo  /utiirt"  ({(■nermiorm  llif  aiirTpnilcr  of  fi>rri*  imrl  th«  tritifnph  o(  law. 

.     .     .     .     All  nulluiinlUiiu  UiIiikI<'<1  !■)  (')•>  cuiuniuu  tide Tlie 

infKbty  title  rolU  oi».— Atnprii-*n»  ikll,— iw  tin?  iR.H.Triim.-in  ot  tlil*  monninetU 

'  wtll  (leelare,  with  '  odo  t'oitntr}*,  one  (.'uuntlnilion,  one  PcAthiy ':  about  them 

a  Cuutlueut  with  the  waalUi  of  a  Proralud  Land." 

I  VU 

1  "A 

■  tliruii 

I  the  »i 


Referring  to  the  late  national  troubles,  the  Guvemor  said: 

"A  nhort  tima  aft"  *-^^  coantry  wm  lorn  by  Alseont,  aiu)  HrlJ  wat  Ktrode 
tliruiijili  III"  land  with  a  «rrf*iM»  raioly  fKioallcU.  Wln-u  tliw  flc'it  waa  ov^r. 
the  aworti  waa  abeUlicd,  the  bMtla-flas  was  Iurli.il.  ifio  wn*ik  i>t  <lwiii»wtl.?d 

m 


546 


TH8  TOBKTOWN  CBNTENNIAL. 


mill  H)iiin(>RMl  liotnvB  vtntf  c»thcrcd  up— fHimotltnca  with  li>sni,  tonatiiDM 
with  '  UioubIiU  wo  dvv]y  lur  tc-ium,'  trEilitJona  nnd  acwoclatlon*  that  w»n  inter> 
wctv<-n  through  tlio  gi^vorn mental  ami  snilal  faliTlc,  nml  thonuh  ttu-'y  liwl 
i-atiKi^  (linae union *,  on  i^itlier  >tile  •hvth  jireclous.  v/fw:  rollcil  ii|>  lili<<  u  mtoU 
and  lui'l  iLway  for»vi>r.  Tot[<'ttt<rr  itgatu,  ma  a  nnlt^il  [wople,  undvrtlioulil 
viislui).  tlamiii);  alufi  wid  )K-lure  lu  l!lui  n  Ntar  lu  th«  iwroiM  *fcy,  v  >rt* 
muri:hii4c  t<>  ■till  nmnilvT  lTiiiai(i1ii>.  l»>HrinB  on  our  Atliuilviin  abuulilun  an 
fiifruni'ImcJ  iMrc  to  tliL'  lilpM-tliigs  of  our  owti  (.iviliitatton.  In  \iw  uiilAt  ot 
the  fury  »l  [>anl.>uin  Hlrjf^.  hawevttr  )iiil«r  or  hi>wevei-  linneHt,  U  hiu  always 
n|i|'i^ii'<^<l  tlrnt  i«  wo  Iiav(f  lorfil  our  attti^,  wt-  Imvi'  lovcil  out  coiinlry  niuiv- 

"  Whon  thc!  hani\  nt  the  aasamin  erruck  our  l'n-*Idriit  down,  lliere  wa*  not 
a  liofiio  or  b^art,  tnnn  tea  to  aea,  troiii  whicli  fHrneat  jiraycr*  did  nol  jto  ap 
tor  hU  nv^vi^r.v.  And  vrlim  ih-jith  ciimtt  t.lioie  wad  not  otiL>  tliat  waa  nat 
dmped  in  iiiourniits  nnd  Ituwnl  in  div^iiitst  MnrroM-.  Kv  wan  M  luivo  t>e«<ii 
Willi  iiK  ln-4lny  and  Iiuvv  joiiK-'l  in  ihci!ii<  august  <;pc«inoiiI«<H.  Il  h.-wIwfnotlM^r- 
wist:  (irtliiio'^.  Dul  hill  lioiiorvd  NucottMor  i»  ht-re,  iitnl  liis  ntbini-t,  and  tlt« 
Yorktown  t'unjfmuiunni  l*unii]d*iitou,  wnd  rnpri-jM-ntativf*  of  cv^ry  il«?i»ftrE- 
ini^nt  rt(  tliii  Unllcil  fllat««  governtneut,  ami  llic  people  of  th*  Mat^r  Stales 
uml  tvrrltoHi-s,  and  titizoUH  of  tar^'ina  outtoHs,  lo  partli'tpato  in  th<*  prwved- 
iii^  of  tliU  liUtoiic  day.  Virt^nla  glvtw  Tli«in  c  onniAL  waLroMRt  I'rovidvnoa 
tlerrt'pd  Mjal  hiT  «oil  nhtmld  Ih?  tin-  ai-i^ut'  ut  tin-  last  k™«1  iK-t  of  the  Itfvohi- 
tlon.  Ult  clllKntin  n-Joirr  that  iWy  rjin  K^ant  tt  t'>  nil  lli<>  Ktalce,  and  )oln 
Mii'iu  in  Iniildliig  tht-rvon  »  iiivtnorliiL  which  ilivy  trii«t  may  W  am  lasUutE  tut 
thu  nfiililfin  it  lypiflfK,  nnd  ilmT  both  may  1»  IiumoTlal.  Wp  f<»l  that  how- 
(■vor  diri'  Iho  ralamlty  tlinl  hna  hi'lallen  us,  or  may  In  tbi-  future  coinfr.  faltli 
iH  not  d(tad.unil  ptuiioti«m  ban  titii  iHirn  wnumh-d.  'Gml  ri-ienn.  and  ttM 
|rt)v«(nui<*ni  av  Wiwldiis'ou  mill  Uvw  I '  Tlii-  frk-ud^  o{  frvi.^'lom  wvury  whvni 
cati-U  up  tlio  KTnnil  rrfrain  a»d  api^d  It  round  the  worhl — '  (UkI  ruigno  and  tho 
govAminC'Qt  at  Washinjcton  AtlU  llroal'    Lone  l^*'*  ili^  fl;or«nitn«Dt  I" 

Governor  Holliday  ctosixl  hio  ailnuralile  uiMreiiit  with  a  well  tumej 
complinicut  to  Fl%DC(^.     Tuniiiig  la  (lie  fnrcign  giicjilfi,  lie  said  ; 

"On  tlilaapolan  hun'heil  your*  ago  your  Hirt'x  am)  onn  utilntd  aud  a<.-ootik. 
pllsh'^d  a  work  whirl)  iitiirtHLl  u  cirilixAlJun  with  uutitid  iionjiitiiUtliui  on  tlte 
iiirw  vo  11  lit  I  tint,  and  rpvolutionir^^id  tho  dvlliEntlon  of  the  nld.  Hone  could 
th«n  GAUniaifi  Ita  far-rcachiug  sweep,  or  th«  uirtiuinl)crcd  hlL'twInfrs  It  carrtMl 
for  tuatikiiid.  Wi?  tiuild  ibl*  iiioiiuni«ui  to  jwijivttiat*-  ih*  ri-<''dlciti»iin  irf 
thai  work.  Wi-  wilt  Knori'  it  with  pinuH  hiincl»  and  h<-arl»  ikutl  Iraniuiiit  it  to 
till!  i'ouulk-M»  gcnrracion*  who  will  follow  un  to  nbow  how  in  tlod'n  wajra  a 
lirav<-  it»d  iitttik'  deed  evolvwt  lt«  own  TrluuipltH.  ftii  may  ik>i  prin<apl«a  thla 
monumunt  l»  Inttiiided  to  rcpfuMnc  not  full  from  lb«  muiuory  oC  uwn  I " 


Itnmarks  wt;rc  also  mode  by  Ihc  pbaimian  dF  iliit  commiMion, 
Hon.  Jnliu  W.  John^lou.  The  !>tnac  vras,  llieti  lowi^rcj  into  ita  bod, 
oi)rii.  wine,  iinil  uil  wtMv  |M'iiru'l  »\>on  it.  tli«  levi-l  uml  tW  iHiuure 
vii'vrv  iippliud,  uihI   lli<>  Uiau'it    MHi<t«n'  (C'dW)  imjijuunvvd  lUv  sUjdo 


^^^)h^^r<Y^r/4^' 


OUR  FRENCH  AJ.LIBS. 


547 


"  well  ari.l  duly  Inid.""  Arrompnnied  hy  (Jmnd  Master  Wilhwrs 
and  the  Grand  MartU^r  of  PennsylvBiiia,  ]*re»iik*i]t  Artlmr,  (who 
with  lut-iiihi-rit  of  hh  cubiiiet  orciipiod  the  gi'Hiid  .'itnml  of  the  puvil- 
ioii.)  «k'sct-tiili:tl  U)  ilic  8l(iii<!,  vxaniincd  it,  prououiicwl  tlit-  wyrk  w«'II 
parformed,  aiid  on  remtming  hia  scat  llic  i.'vrciiiuiiit*i«  vcore  doiwd. 
Thw«  i;x«rci«t;s  wwru  InlwrmiiiyU'd  wilh  "TboSltir  Simnnlcil  Ban- 
ner," 8uii|^  Uy  lhrc'«  liuii<IrH(]  loici-s,  HCi-oiiiimiiiL-il  liy  [In-  Murine 
band,  under  the  l«iidfrshi]>  «f  IVuluasor  Clmrh-s  L.  Seigcl,  «f  Rich- 
mnnd.  Virginia ;  "  The  MnraL-illniBc  Ilvnin,"  hy  a  chonifl  nf  v»ii(*.?s 
with  Marlnii  band  aocompaiiimeiit,  led  by  I'rorrwor  Sfipd  ;  "Hail 
Columbia,"  by  a  cli(ini»  nf  voirt'fi  led  "by  ibe  miiik',  wiili  Marine 
band  aecompaniincnt ;  nrid  t-losing  with  a  *'  Grand  Fantasia, "  by  the 
Mnrint!  bniid.  coiidnrlvd  by  Mr.  J.  Pliilip  Sonnii.  At  the  I'oiicbipion 
of  singing  "■  Tin;  Star  Spiin^K'd  Ilanmir."  tlic  I'nilird  StatL-s  flag  wk» 
uiifurk'd,  Hud  saiiiU-d  by  chu  himL  batlvriL-s  uud  by  the  war  vl'»»i.-U  in 
lh«  harbor.  The  largi'  ai<-«ciiibbigc*  vf  JIfi»ons,  in  glitlc-riiig  rpgalliw, 
Iht  bright  iiniromiM  of  iinnynnd  militia  (iflk-LTi*,  tbt-  prt-sfiiri,'  nt  unmiT- 
nti»  di^tinguiriliL'd  jjitikiiikhco,  niid  tbi'  iiinneiiKc  (TdmiI  of  fijifrtalors 
octnipyiiig  tlic  scixtn  and  iidjiificnt  gTotiiKi?,  impnrttMl  unt^onimon  hril- 
Hnnoy  to  the  srvne. 

The  mnniiniont,  a  t"<iniilhian  rolutiin.  will.  mIipii  coin|di'lt'd, 
meupure  frniii  il.4  hsme  lo  ita  mpilnl  tMghty-four  f'c.nt  twn  inrhi'^. 
Thu  capital  i»  lo  Ul-  ituriiiuiititfiL  by  a  i<tatut:  <tt'  lilitrty,  idt^rtMi  feet 
four  iachL-t>  in  height,  making  Ihu  whulu  ini.'ui<iin>itH-nt  fruiti  llic  hol- 
lom  of  tho  ba»e  resting  on  the  surface  uf  the  ground  tw  llie  top  of  the 
Agiirc  ninrty.fivL-  feel  nix  inches.  Tbe  podium  or  dnini  will  linpiHirt 
thirteen  dnneiiig  Rjturt.'*.  IliKtorieal  iiiseriplious  will  occnjiy  tbe  four 
side«  of  the  base.  I»catcd  nn  A  liifrb  bhilf  of  tin"  Vnrk  river,  itn-ill 
be  a  coiispieuous  object  front  a  long  distant-e,  reminding  the  beholder 


■(irnnil  MiulDr  Colcswnrv,  ciu  tliif  uccanioo,  tliu  mvIi  and  upniii  prc«ciilnl  to  WiiMtAtg- 
1«u  bt  l.afitypKp. 
Til*  tioic  priiL-ed  bonntiri  thr  Mrnor-(t>ineMntalnrdii«(itirorili<>lioly  bCblc;  copper  Arin 

at  llir  I'liUi-il  SI:lI<*>,  (if  ilalr  1783,  t'un«il  SlKlca,  Ftciu'Ii  miiA  ('aiMilUii  bsuk  diiIpi;  «n» 
liuiiilriil  ilulliir  VIritliila  tn-iutiirj  uulv  of  IWt',  *«rloij»  »|H^liiir-ii«  vt  tsotid-ientti  moucy; 
ecpr  or  tilt  iirojjranime  ot  tlir  cr1i-br*ti(i'n ;  |ihij|(i|{n|ilis  uT  ccinfcUiu-Htc  ttng*;  Vorkiowii 
n-iiU'iiiiliil  iiiciiiil ;  priiiirniiiiitr  iif  t1ic  ruriwr->(unr  ci'rc-iriiaieii ;  cirpli-i  uf  Vlrirlula  nrir'. 
Ii«|»r»i  |!iilin<uiiini«  rfrrrrlnx  lo  lln-  rvolcnuUl;  copy  of  cliartcr  of  yorl(l(JWO*'«nl»iiiiliU 
AMortuliiXi;  >  Itur  rh)in  Ihi.'  Iilblr  nu  which  iiiiirgr  Wimhliixl'iii  vn*  >woiii  »'  s  Uiuliiii: 
eledrulj-pe  c-ujiy  at  thiirtrt  af  (Iniml  l..i>ilffi'  «t  VlriilriUi.  a  tUl  (if  rlii>  tuvnilM-r*  ol  IIip 
YDrkHWB  Ccub-'Uiilat  Ci»ninlHton:  n  copr  iif  Hit-  inunlc  wnx  lij  tlii'  eharui;  .llMonk: 
apron  mom  i>)  ihi-  uu-  Kn.  .i.  A.  Iialilnln. 


of  tW   priM,  in   USk  aod   irauoR,   paid  lor  »   plwv   udoc^   ibe 


The  ftadvitiM  of  thii  daj  rlosed  with  «Hmrt»  at  the  monament 
xite  mad  at  tbc  mililat7  nuii[>^.  •  hop  id  I^dkretb;  hall,  and  a  bril- 
Iwot  pvntteorie  diff4af  aoi!  Uatern  illambuiiioa  bv  the  United  StAt«s 
ToMdU  aacbored  in  the  harbor. 

W«iliw«ihi_v,  the  atiaiierwu7  vf  Ibe  rapiluhilioa,  opCDCtl  briglit 
■nd  tfool.  «  li«fal  sbovcr  with  dulaol  thnader  and  Ughlaitig  the  nipbi 
brftiTP,  having  mri  the  mfrrurr'  doim  maaj' ik^rcet.  Bawl  cdorertsi 
•nlh-rnrd  a  tDoniing  hour  at  the  tnononent  fite*  and  at  tho  milil 
ennuntnticntii.  Later,  irrowda  hent  their  steps  towards  the  former,] 
and  belbre  eleven  oVloek  the  r^axs  on  the  grand  Maod,  exdasire 
Ibme  f uitil  I  ed  for  PrcNdeot  Anliur  aod  memben  of  his  cabinet,  and 
for  the  foreign  and  other  di^ti&guisheil  gtmtfl,  were  filled  to  their 
utmoBl  caparitr.  while  a  crowd,  with  e^er  gaze,  stood  id  fruDt. 
The  aawuibiv  wa«  called  to  order  br  tlie  Hon.  John  W.  JohosUo. 
The  conitiioiiiorattve  services  oomiueiicL-U  with  an  oTerture  of  Ix^ut- 
ner,  perfunned  bf  Ibe  Harine  band,  conducted  bj  J.  l*hilip  Sousa. 

*A  Tntunxmtx  Fact.— •■  [|  U  ui  IbHumw  niiktBj[t*  ribtUilTa  of  tlw  tnachfryi 
Imrttj  •rtta*'  populu  neBiwr.tlul  *a  ot/eamoct  to  nttM  mat  m  narfcxl  ■»  tbe  tvcMkni ' 
la  MSof  ■  lauaMawat  at  Torittaim.  oommFiikOTaiite  at  tlv  UMBteotoai  Mrraadtf  llMiti 
■1m«U  hK*»  l>n«  kImmmi  ratlnlj  lurgattru,  tkuafh  dmlf  cfaraal(il«I  hf  llM  few  rt  tbm 
Utt«. 

"  nm  aMMMsrat  WM  thtrlWH  trt*  ta  brijEtit,  aoil  MaiprtMd  !■>«  bMMOf  3»mt*  rtttr 
(nnllip  bihI  a  ihaA  of  whtt*  in«ri>Ii>,  tlw  Ulirr  bcariag  Dm  Mlowlaf  taaeripllaa, '  EiMt*4 
Uh-  mb  day  or  Uoloter.  IMO.  b;  iri»  rrxliBeBial  aa4  Mnpsay  eAcMW  af  Hi*  twMUjr-an* 
ngtaml  uf  VirfiDl>  BlUtla.  of  (iUiuocXvr  eminljr,  ubd  of  the  Vnhmltcr  coM^ankt 
MtMfeH  tli«r«((p,  lo  mark  ihr  ipoi  of  Uiii  turmidrr  irf  ComirRlUi't  (word  on  ttw  tmb  «f 
tM«b«r,  trai.* 

"Tlir  nonumridwHftirabbcd  bj  Mr.  John  W.  Hade*,  of  Ucknokd,  Va.  llwMMit,.! 
lH>wv*rr,  rrrMnl  un  Ihe  IWh  n€  Octutwr,  whkti  \trlDg  a  icnpMlaaM  dajr,  IW  «Mvciiaiqr 
ira«  ilrrnrrol,  laklitf  pluc  on  the  rath  tnttaal  (bllowtDx.  Tbi-  die  <n  which  Ih*  tnona- 
ni*>ti[wiu  Mvolul  irai  antbrnllcnlvd  hj'  wnaral  niarfci  dT  IdpntlOtmllaB  whMi  hail  bwa 
placid  UMtabr  lb*  lain  wtniamNrlmti.  Kw|.,  tbvMwi  ol  0(n*r«l  T1iaBi»N*lwa,«rma>^ 
luttnauT  mrmnrr.  Tli«>t^  cnniUtnl  of  a  hra|>  at  ballart  n«ne«,  dUfrrtnjr  tram  iInwp  emi' 
niuD  to  th»  IncaJtl^,  anil  ilallnff  hack,  it  wan  plalmiHl,  to  UcM,  (ili*  laal  oocaiJiMi  dT  (be  cum. 
mrnionUlvc  obwrvaooM  darlnf  tli«  tun  oT  l-arnyciir  to  ArnvrWa,)  and  ihc  iwplar  ircc* 
pJanlinl.  mi  a*  la  fonn  a  Mjuarv,  tif  Mr,  U'llllam  ■ft-lanii,  abniil  Ihe  ^-ar  1^7. 

**Th«  ilurntlon  nf  Uib  iKoaumrnl  wm  briaf  onoagh.  tt  Ml  a  i-ldliu  to  Iht  know* 
daalfMUvr  pro^Ilvliyor  llic  •olitlcrj'  (our  own  '  (Jrtf-Battt ')  llic  following  yna.  9t»- 
lUiMd  In  thr  1I0I11II7  u(  Uh-  »iniiiiiniTnl.  tllr)>  ballcrifd  II  ituwn  iiiul  so  i-ffn-luiJI}  UprOOl<>d 
ami  imnnili-d  li  ilml  no  vhiIitp  of  li  In  knowii  lu  haie  nnuloHl  (a  tllv.  It  la  mid  llml  Ihv 
vinrr  niBlirUl  ot  whlcli  It  wii*  cvnilllulrd  —  ttm  «ha(t  of  wlilte  marble ~  wn»  litdoilrl- 
uual>  ratliliiiiiNl  liilo  rviimtlnit  takrn*  at  lilLllcal  rnrni  fiir  tHntant  niolhrn  and  aUtrr^ 
and  lnr<>ox|irv**lrr  vniMpnia  faw  uaxloua  awM-fh*an>  "—A.  A.  B,,{n  tKr  KUhimmd ^ra.) 
SUtndatd. 


OUR  FBENCII  ALLIES. 


549 


Prsyor  was  offi-rtnl  by  Bisiliop  Willium  L.  l[Hrri«,  of  llic  5Irllio4liat 
KpiHc<ipa)  Church,  of  New  Yiirk.  A  ceiit«i)iiitil  hvmii,  composed 
hv  Charles  PoioiJcxter,  Kaq.,  followeil,  and  was  effectively  reudtrcd 
hy  a  clidpas  of  three  hiiiidred  voices,  ronducted  by  Prof.  Chnrles  L. 
Seigel,  accminjinmed  by  the  Msrine  band.  President  Arthnr  and 
iiiomlxTJ'  of  his  rabint't,  the  foroign  guests,  nm!  olhrr  ttminont  piir- 
s..iinj;es,  occupied  ihu  front  soatB  id"  th«  gratid  stand,  "  lliu  uhsen'od 
of  all  obsvrvew."  The  PrcsKknl  dcUvnrL-d  au  corurst  nnd  »ppro> 
priftte  nddiv»  of  welcome.  To  this,  reeponscs  were  made  hy  His 
Kx<vllcu<'y  the  i-'ivncli  AinbaM»adi:>r  M.  Muxiinw  Oulrvy,  hy  tlio 
Miu-quis  de  Kochambeou,  and  by  Colouol  Amdt  Von  Stouben. 

PRKStDEKT    ARTOUR'S     ADDRESS. 

Pfuftldftnt  Arllmr  vfa^  introduced  by  Secretary  BlAinc,  and  deliv- 
uroil  the  following  address: 


"  Upon  lliis  Huil,  one  huuilri.-)!  yenn  ago,  out  [ath^trs  lirou^ht  to  a  ituciN>aN{ul 
laiJUQ  (brlr  hiTnir  tttnigglo  (or  indoprinilnm^ii.  llrrc  knd  Mien  wan  <tit»l>liiilteil, 
Bu<l»Hnu  lrii<it  made  eccufi' upon  im8cotttincntfurimi»»)*ot  tu<H>HK-. that  )>rln- 
clplr  u(  Kovernueai  whlcti  U  the  vviy  flbni  of  our  political  syeu-iu  —  tli*  "ov- 
ftrri|[nty  o!  tliH  ixupLe.  The  rmenlini'iilH  wtiii.li  ittl«»di-i],  «ml  for  a  time  mxt- 
viveA  Utf-  0IU.1II1  ot  lu-inM  hnvtt  long  n'tncw-  Cl^<MvI  to  Aniinato  onr  hi-arU.  It  U 
with  uo  trv\ing  of  (>xultatir>n  ovt>r  a  iLofrtvttHl  (on  that  lo^ay  wu  nuriiinon  np  a 
rpii»>ralir&nce  ot  thoiiv  t-vt-nts  wlilcli  have  made  lioly  the  ground  wfaercon  wo 
li«a'l.  SurHy  no  ■ttnh  iinwotUiy  aentlui't^ut  lould  Dnd  tturtior  lu  otir  lirarts, 
ao  profonndly  thrillnl  witL  exprexslonH  of  sorrow  and  sympathy  whioli  our 
national  tit^re^veintttit  has  «vr>k>-<l  from  Uie  people  of  Eneluid  anit  llii>tr 
auKuni  .Huvi.irvltcn :  hut  It  ia  al tout! tin- r  Uttlus  thac  we  should  suUier  lierv  to 
riifrrah  uiir  soul*  with  th)>  cnnt^iniplHlion  of  th(i  untaltoriiiK  imtriotinm,  tlio 
Ntuniy  M-ul  and  the  tmhlioio  lalth  whiuh  a<:hl«vril  thu  rr^nlU  wc  now  i-oin- 
momomtA.  Fur  so,  II  we  team  aright  the  leflsonB  of  Uio  hour,  shall  wo  be 
Incited  to  tran-tuill  to  the  K«neratloa  which  stuill  follow,  the  prec-lous  Icftacy' 
whk'h  uiir  (athendirft  to  n»  — the  ]uve  ot  lilwtrty  protected  by  law.  Of  ihat 
hiwtJtrit'  Hi-pni- which  vrn  h«i«  crlr-biatn  iin  (itaturn  Is  mora  prumiucril.,  and 
nono  more  touching,  than  thi?  lurtirSpatloTi  ot  our  gaUaot  allies  from  nfroM 
tlio  Hi-a.  It  WHS  their  presence-  whk-h  Rave  fresh  and  vlsorous  luipulso  to  tho 
'  hnpt-H  of  our  country  man  whi*n  well-niijU  ilivlii^arteiied  bf  a  lontf  series  of  ilii»- 

aHl<-ra.     It  uiui  thrir  noblir  suit  K'-nrmiu  iiiil,  <-xl«n<I('d  in  the  tiaihent  jwriud 
_  o(  the  stmcglc,  whii'h  spi^d  tlic  iiomlnK  of  our  triumph  anil  niiulc  the  civpltn- 

B  lation  III  Torktown  possible  a  century  ago.    Tu  their  dewundunts  and  rupre- 

I  lunttalivVM  who  an^  here  priMent  as  the  honored  i^iests  of  ihe  notion,  I1  It  nijr 

H  Khul  tinty  to  nlT>T  ciiTillal  wi-litomn.     You  havi!  a  right  to  nharR  with  ti<  the 

m  iMsnchttlons  which  Huslor  alxnicthe  day  whon  your  fathnm  fouKhtNidphynldo 

I  with  nnr  tntltnrs  In  the  cuise  which  WH  here  crownr^d  with  huiiv-ks,  nnd  none 

I  of  the  in<*niorle#  awakened  by  thla  annlwivary  are  Dion*  giwtnful  ut  ua  all 

E 


flSO 


THE   YOBKTOWS   CRNTENNIAL. 


tlian  tho  refl««llona  Hint  tlie  iiatioDnl  [rleai)slil[>s  1)«ie  sg  cloKoly  c«m(rntwl 
linve  outlaalpil  tbv  tntiUlioiiK  of  »  chnngcfn I  ■ -enltiry.  iiiid  Knuit,  my  rmin- 
trynii'n,  llnw  tlioy  iwiiy  ever  remain  iin»haki-ii  umt  tl)»t  rVi-r  hfivi-cfonh,  with 
oursclvfs  and  wltli  all  the  nailoDii  ol  tiu>  i>»ril!,  we  may  ho  nt  pcjwic." 


THE    FitKXCII     NINIHTEK  t>     AI>l9Ut(:<^S. 

M.  Max  Omrey,  in  belialf  i.f  llie  Frenrli  clflflgalimi,  wb»  iiitr«- 
ducuil  hy  Sucrctary  Itluinu,  itiiil  dclircrvd  l\ut  roUowtu^  aJilrcw  : 

"  Tli«  I'mirh  urivrrnitii-nt  liiw  frit  irnich  fnitotiMl  by  %hv  friviiilly  MrDllluenta 
whirh  inspiiiNj  (liv  United  Kt«tf«  vcith  ttir  t])oii|{1it.  •>(  luking  F»ur«  li>  par- 
cklpMtc  In  thr  celebration  of  the  Yorktowo  [■c&unntiil,  nud  hi-antly  dmirta 
t4i  rhHponi)  in  ninitnni^-r  worthy  of  tioth  ri}ptiltlli-.t  tn  tin-  invitation  spnl  by  Iho 
rrwiiluiit  I'f  tht'  I'nllod  Statt-*  in  Iwlialf  t>[  tlu"  piroj'1')  of  Anji;ri'Ti.  Tlie 
cnaaiteottatliin  ol  piililjc  iiyiii|iatl)y  tollunlng  tlti>  Inilinlivi-  l»kr>n  liy  Ibr  C'on- 
KteaA  ot  the  Uiiit(.-d  btatL-.i,  blddlii^;  Frame  to  litis  national  fttHttval.  hiM  Wtn 
locikail  upon  by  uh  not  only  lut  on  acX  ol  lli»  liiith^'Al  courtfjiy,  but  vs|M>rl4illf 
M  u  itiurk  iif  alTcctiunutv  ri'jmrd,  hiivinii  llt«  nubin  nlui  uf  cviufiitinK  yrt 
morr- ■■Insely  tbo  iiiMwhii-1i  unllv  the  two  r^imtillc*.  In  (■omnifinomdon  of 
thU  day.  wliii^U  n-prwienU  one  of  the  f;caiidi!»t  cvL-nt^  of  tbu  puUttciil  pxisl- 
encri  of  tliU  i-niinEry,  thtt  Fn^nvli  |pivernni<iiit  liiu  si>nt  n  luLialon,  coiujicmmI  of 
stwc^id  i]<.-l<'KHtrs  (rum  dlReri'iil  <U-purtairiit»,  lutit  tbn  rri.-»id<>iic  of  tin-  Kr<.-u*.'h 
nipiildii,  wiflliinu  to  mark  hU  p^Toonnl  ■yinprLiby,  hiia  iu<iit  iiiih  nf  hU  uwn 
iild<«-deH-Aui]J.  Tlicy  thtiH  deitini  lo  ithotv  pattirularly  tlii-lr  ft[iproclatlon  of 
the  tcrm'urnl  loiiipLttncnt  paid  tn  our  t-omttry.  Ett^Ii  iind  all  of  h»  htq  proud 
v-t  bavinu  1)vi.mi  cutli'^l  lu  thv  honor  ul  rL'prtwuiitlnjt  Fraacv  uii  tids  •lupkioua 
(luy.  The  monuitK^iil  wliitb  !»  hi'te  lo  Ut!  urofle'il  will  not  only  rvcall  a  f(\ori- 
oils  vii-Iory  —  it  will  pi?rprtuale  tbr  n?<;ollei'lio«ii  of  an  evpr-f«itlifiil  ivlluinirr, 
fatthtnl  iliroti)fb  tbt'  trial!)  luid  vii-Jtultiidrn  of  an  rtvi^nttiil  vi^iitiiry,  and  an  tlio 
Prcniili'iit  vt  the  Fn>iuli  n-pulilii'  biw  mj  iriily  itaid.  U  will  coux^rrutv  the  uulou 
nprnnij  from  Kt-iieriiu«  and  1li!H>r»l  luplratlonA,  and  whifh  thi?  Initltuilonii  iir« 
ran  nun  lioiLtt  of  Iti  i^ouniiuu  iiiunt  uerirHHurily  fttreiijj^livu  anil  devi*lop  for  thtt 
piiHl  o!  I^th  cunntrlM.  In  coming  u>  thin  Vorktown  couhtaniaJ  we  come  to 
cuk-bniC*?  ihu  day  wlddi  ended  (but  lonji  and  blttvr  strugi^  agoinil  ■  great 
■ixttoii,  nun-  our  mutual  ally  aud  fri«ud,  who  ker«,  as  under  all  skle*  where 
lii^r  lliiK  )ias  UoiilM,  boH  h-rt  Ineffoi'Mthlv  loarkN  of  litr  Kraml  uiid  tivilitinit 
KpinC.  "Wf.  i-nru«  lo  i^idi'timtr  thn  iflnrioiut  iXnw  when  tlit;  luinicK  of  indi-pcnd- 
anco  wari>  abk-  to  «'.-t  lhi.-ir  Utial  fcaX  tv  tbci  eulciun  prDclaiiUlllon  of  tho  4th  of 
•Tilly,  ir7«i.  We  tome  oIko  to  aaluie  ih«  dawn  of  Hint  era  ol  proajwtiiy  where, 
Im}  hy  hnc  Knat  intin,  Axiit-rica  |ivruiUl<-d  tbr  hitidllfptnrw  of  li<-r  pt-oplp  lo 
soar  and  tbtiir  mnt-r^y  to  nianlfost  iuiclf.  nnd  thus  the  power  of  the  UnltAil 
Ktat^a  has  ilron^hm^^d,  and  cviiry  year  lias  nddud  to  the  prcwtlgt'  which  Bar- 
ruuudH  li'orHttvr  HjmnKlixl  Imnnoi. 

'*  Wlieu  FrauL-t.'  aout  from  iM^yund  tlie  iteun  th<!  coiiiwnition  of  her  army  and 
livi  tiavy  to  th)!i  Tftliant  people,  engaficd  in  a  war  for  it«  iadr|if!nd4'ncc  ;  whon 
l^Tayette,  Rucbatiibrau.  du  tinuHHj,  luid  mo  many  othen  drew  in  chvir  foot- 
*{v\m  the  young  and  brave  hiIorh  of  onr  most  illiislrioiiti  famlUoit,  tbey  yielded 
ton  geuvrviia  iui|iiilii«  and  cainf  with  di!>iHt«riMtti.>d  cuurngtr  to  aiutaiii  the 


^ 


ik 


OUR  FRENCH   ALLIES. 


591 


cwuM  ot  llbfprtj-.  B  bl»>Minp  wunt  witli  Hiclr  cnrtiinvrtm  mi«  fRV*  tmv*m  to 
tli«ir  wuut,  fur  whrn,  one  hiiDdrrd  j-fani  ofro.  u  to-iUy,  t)H>  Kn'nrli  ami  Ihw 
Anii-rii-Ktis  Krii»pi>d  each  other's  band*  nt  Torhiown,  tiwf  rcatlio)  ili»l  limy 
had  helped  to  iny  t])«i  rurntriilorio  nf  a  jtrvat  riliflor.  Itnl  Ht)n>1y  tJii'  iiiiial  fur 
HighiKii  amittiK  tlmiw  men  would  Iiato  otarlvd  liml  lie  ttrrn  ithic  lu  Uiok.  down 
thu  lociK  vIkM  of  a  t^nt.ury  and  Bnp  ml  ihU  vntX  thU  rtipnhnr,  Ihon  jruung  n»d 
sLniKglini;  with  ftll  Ihv  dlffl'Tutllca  «  hlili  aurruiliidod  hvr.  i»>w  iiilni,  milhiiiL, 
anil  lieiitiilni;  with  hrr  hnlo  of  fiT<»i|»irity.  Ttii'  |[r<-»t  Waiihhi|tt'>ii  lilniBxir. 
whnfie  gf  nXiA  fcri'ftnw  ihr  drstlnj-  o(  thin  (<i>iiiiirj-,  tuiilil  not  hnVi<  |kr«'dt<'lMl 
lliiat.  Triilv  Uiv  I'nlloil  Statra  haYc  mudc,  mpcrlnlly  tn  tlii'sio  lutt<<r  yonn>, 
fflgnntj<T  Htridi-K  ulon^;  the  roiiu  tn  ittlU  itr^utvr  |ir»|{ri.*«D  hy  alKiwlnit  (n  lh« 
world  what  tan  Im  »t-<oinpllidiiicI  lij-  uti  mutkiiIIi-  mpd  Inlfllllut'Ol  riathiu, 
Atwaya  a«  n^flprirlfiit  of  iTa  diiti<-H  w  Ja^ftloim  uf  iu  h|tltt*.  Aiiicrlia  Iiha  ijlviui 
a  KTrnt  rxAinptf  and  ha«  born  a  rauite  nl  r«]t>U'liig  lo  all  tnio  hivni*  of  llU-rty. 
Fruaco  is  proud  of  lavlns  <Kintr(liiilr<l  In  found  lliU  icri*Bt  ri'iinhlk'.  ami  Ikt 
wlati««  for  four  proniwrity  urri  iIiMp  uiid  Hlncvn-.  TIm;  mutiiat  trliniid«hiii  la 
fotlniltid  on  ronnydfnnlMfiii  of  taatcnnit  w>|ilrnlloiiH  vrlih-ti  llmi!  (-aliuul  drstruy, 
ftnd  future  gcni'-nittonit.  I  truAt.  will  aMtUl  attidii  In  lliln  Mmi>  (diu'f)  at  IImi 
Epvctovlc,  uDpTcvtHlvoted  In  btHtory,  of  two  ffnral  riallftua  ri^acwiau  from  ckd- 
tnry  to  r«-iiiiirj-  a  coiiipM-t  of  fraUTiinl  and  ltri|>frljthHhl«  iirTio-iioa.  I  will  not 
cloiU!  without  IbauliliiK  Uio  [nlcrnl  KovrrDtncnl,  t)i<-  tliffurciil  Hlatmt  of  Uio 
Union  of  whItJi  tlii:  ^ItguOan  lutv«  U-on  iht-  gxunu.  uIim>  ilin  pcojiiti  of  Aiiut* 
k-ft.  for  the  H>iupathjBDdwelcoiDCext«iDd«H)  toltic  ri^prcHfniallvna  of  KraiK^v 
Each  of  u»  will  tr>faj>UT<<  Ih*  wiwlWllon  of  Aiiicrli-«ti  li'uH'a"'}'  «'"'  of  llw 
fiieiulljr  acutUutiit«  whu-li  luiv«  tiwn  loaDttntixl  to  u*  iti  vwry  placo  and  lu 

AUDSUit    Of    niK    MAIlgtnil    DK    RiX'IIAMHKAU. 

The  MarquU  dc  Rocbnintx-au  intAa  a  gncvtul  n»i>i»i»i  in  Frvufli. 
it)  which  lie  ftaiil,  in  »uti«la)j(%  : 

"  CiiBxra  or  rum  Dihtkd  BxATEa:— You  hare  larilwl  tu  lo  oelebrau  wldi 
jron  Iht  greal  aclitevuncnt  of  arnia,  an<t  wu  did  nut  bealtalv  to  liratti  the  UH' 
ronof  Utr  bttMi  Ui  wjrio  you  lli»twlittl  oui  faUur*  aufl  l>rolltt-t»  dkl  iu  I7l*l, 
wr,  tlt^ir  aotia,  would  bi^  willing  to  do  to-day.  aiid  to  sltAwi  our  tuustaut 
fiiradahip,  aad  to  furifacr  fibow  ttial  wo  cli<rrlah  thi  aunr  aeutlownts  ae  our 
falliwa  tn  Ibaaa  ^ortooa  daya  w«  rrrWbratc.  lu  tb«  uauw?  ol  my  t'OUi|>aul'>ua 
wbo  nfrt*UA  here  Uie  aieo  wbo  lou^bt.  itenuit  lue  to  hojiai  Uuit  tlu-  nti«.'h> 
iBMiS  tamed  hi  them  daja  around  thla  tovnunu-ot  irlii>'h  ta  al«»ut  i«i  Iw 
vneted,  will  b«  mMVod  in  o«^'  buudri.-d  /■■ftr*.  and  will  atcitin  vflrliratc  Utn 
victory  wbid  joinnd  our  lalltnfa  In  •otDnulv«hi|i  and  alliaao«." 


Tile  cKioajfon  qieudi  of  Coload  voo  Bteuben,  in  rMponac  lu  ilir 
Vrendeat'a  addbvas,  wae  di^litrcred  id  German,  of  which  cttf  ruUowiut; 
t8  u  Uicral  traoalaiiaii : 


**  Mh.  PKKMitiKNT:— In  tfao  vrordx  of  wfllisonM>  to  your  foreign  eiiciitfl,  whlrli 
JIM  hsTP  jnst  uU«rttd,  jou  remeiuliered  oitd  jactillotio4  fn  kin<l  urins  llir 
fainilj-  of  Von  Bhtubvu.  I  auum  yoii  tluit  »»  noon  sm  thn  tiitittiP  uf  our 
hearty.  enOiii.'ilU.ilIi-'  nvoption  in  lhi»  connlry.  following  the  rrieoilly  jnvin- 
tlonioiw  tiy  tliu  rn^oldunt  ot  the  United  Statea,  were  rN«lveil  to  the  old 
PHtht<rUn*l,  thiitfi  was  b«flrtft>U  n-iolulng  aiiionj;  all  cbuiMudi  in  uvory  |iart  of 
anr  aiountry .  It  waa  a  unw  aud  iilrikiD;{  iividmtK-r  nl  the  cvimninii  Hymimlhy 
Utat  exiat«d  hAliri'4>n  tIll^  AiniTlran  and  Qornian  pt-opks.  Ii  i>rAvn».  too,  that 
tlw  Amvlc-an  f  CMiple,  which  ihiii  upprovrlabis  and  hadtenH  to  honor  tho  ttnuK 
tiaad,  atancLi  at  thu  height  o(  olvIIIaHtlon  and  rullure.  On]y  this  luominii  I 
recoiv«d  a  cablograni  from  my  couutry  with  henrty  i-oiif[ru(uInliau!t  u|Mn  thli 
happy  comtneinnrstlon  day.  m  Imiwrtant  in  thf.  IiiotAry  ot  liw  irntt«^1  m«t«>.<i, 
and  liolieve,  Mr.  Prwldent.  that  1  [nay  «!X)irFM  to  yon  tho  ftinL-«rw  unitulatJon 
i>(  tli^  wbolrt  (inrinan  pncplr,  anil  of  tho  German  governniont,  upon  thia 
nuii[»i-lniiadny.  I'onnit  tiio  nlHO.  Mr  Prt-nldfiit.  to  ivUitn  to  you.  for  all  oiir 
Von  SIpulwn  famUy,  the  warroeat  thanlu  ol  our  full  henna  ;  thanka  whl4-1i  1 
fuiinol  odiMiuately  rxpn^M,  for  tho  hoiindl'^'ut  honpltnllty  nml  for  the  ronllal 
f[r«elfitpi  whk'h  w«  have  ni«l  on  evny  hand,  at  vvory  slop  from  tlio  hour  of 
our  landing  until  you  crowned  the  who1«  with  your  w)>l(.'onie  to  nn.  An  rxjt- 
reaeuiativoi  of  our  great  kina.tnan,  1  can  only  nay  to  you  ugain  aud  a^aiu,  we 
thank  you." 

Mlt.    WiNTimOp's   ORATIOM. 

Tlic  Iilstoricnl  orulion  was  dcHvowfl  bj-  the  IIoTiomWc  Rolwrt  C 
Wiiilhnip,  of  Bosloii.  No  Jjclter  or  more  popiiliir  Bcli^lmii  wmlrt 
luivu  hucri  luadi:.  His  flii^Hieiil  ciillarti,  hU  [ir<ifoiui*l  kiiowli'ilgu  of 
history,  litfi  fuiiiilinr  ucciimiiitaiii'e  with  Atnmrjiti  pulitU'H,  his 
culargiHl  viuns  as  a  «laiv$maii,  Ills  coiirtuoux  iiuiimcra,  nud  his 
nltrnctive  omtoricul  powei-s  cmiutfully  quftlificJ  him  for  the  im^mrtant 
ami  Oelicatc  duty  assigned  liim.  It  was  n  forensic  display  Dot  oflcn 
wiineswid  ill  n  veteran  of  spwnly-lwo  yt-arn.  Follnwlnj;  ner-edsarily 
Iirotrat-ted  prelitninary  exercises,  lie  licW.  for  an  hour  anil  forty  min- 
uws,  ihc  nipt  altcnlioa  of  aa  iiutnetuc  ntidicnce.  Uc  opmod  wjth  a 
dclic»te  mmidimcDt  to  Virginia. —  "  n  State  which,  of  all  others  in 
our  Uiiimi.  lias  never  needed  to  burrow  rm  ornLor  for  any  orcHsion, 
however  iuiporlaat  or  exacting."  He  drew  a  j^mpbie  |iictiirc  of  the 
elcgc  and  surrender  of  Yorkluwti.  He  paid  hononthle  tribnles  to 
■Washington,  to  Nelson,  to  Kochanibenu,  to  I.afaye*to,  to  il«  UrasM*, 
to  Viomesnii,  to  de  Cliaatetliix,  to  de  Lauzun,  to  Vou  St«ttl>eii,  and 
to  otluT  American  and  foreign  officers  who  were  ooniipiciioiis  for 
bravery  aud  efficiency,  lie  drew  alu-utton  In  the  dangers  ihrealcuing 
the  Americmi  republic,  and  pointed  out  the  method  of  shunning  tliem. 
He  frnnklv  deiiart-d  ihul  m  recent  year*  "  things  had  not  jront'  well 
with  UB,"  yel  lie  wa*  hopeful  of  the  future.     He  flpokf  of  I  he  French 


' 


I     ' 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  553 

Kiii^  in  tiTiii«  of  jiriiiitr,  and  also  of  (iiiccii  Victoria,  "  whom  Qcitlier 
Aiiiie  nnr  Elizabeth  \Yill  outshiuc  in  liislory,"  anil  of  uliuin  "we  arc 
Tca<\y  to  eay,  and  do  say,  '  God  save  the  Qiieen,'  as  sincerely  and  a« 
eaniL'Stly  as  slie  licrself,  and  lier  ministers,  and  her  people  have  said, 
'  God  save  tlie  President,'  in  these  receut  lioura  of  his  agony."  Only 
fi  fitw  extnu'ts  from  this  admirable  production  can  here  be  given  : 

"And  now,  fellow-countrymen,"  aaiil  the  orator,  "  as  we  look  back  at  t)i&t 
hiHtury  at  this  hoiir,  and  see  at  what  a  great  price  our  fatheni  pHrchoacd  for 
US  the  freedom  we  are  now  enjoying  —  at  what  a  cost  of  toil  and  treasure  and 
blootl  these  Republican  hiitlltiitions  of  ours  have  been  founded  and  liuilt  up — 
can  there  fail  to  come  home  to  each  one  of  our  hearts  a  deeper  sense  of  our 
■  rcs[MmHibility,  ua  a  people  and  as  individuals,  for  upholding,  advancing,  and 
transmitting  them  unimpaired  to  our  pust«rity?  The  century  which  boa 
rolled  nway  Hincc  the  scene  we  commemorate  needs  no  review'  on  this  occa- 
sion. It  has  made  its  mark  upon  uur  land,  and  written  its  own  history  on  all 
our  memories.  The  immcHHe  increase  of  our  population,  the  vast  expansion 
of  our  territory,  the  countless  productions  of  our  industry,  the  measureless 
mass  of  uur  crops,  the  magical  reduction  of  our  debt,  the  marvelnus  pros- 
pitrity  of  nur  jieople,  beyond  that  of  all  other  nations  of  the  earth  —  all  tlioso 
are  things  nut  to  boast  of,  as  if  they  were  of  our  own  a<-comp1ishmeut,  but 
to  re<:ognize  and  tliank  God  for  with  all  our  hearts.  Nor  can  we  of  this  gon- 
fTiitiou  stand  liere  to-<laj',  on  this  Virginia  soil,  Iwneath  this  Octolwr  sun, 
without  an  irrepressible  thrill  of  exultation  and  thanksgiving  that  we  are 
hcr«  lui  brothers,  from  the  St.  .Tobn's  to  the  Rio  Grande,  from  the  Atlantic  to 
tln'  I'juifli— all  conflicts  long  over,  and  all  causes  for  conflicts  at  an  end  — 
firi.v  milHousof  people,  all  free  and  equal,  and  all  recognizing  one  country, 
one  L'oustitution.  one  flag,  to  lie  cherished  iu  every  heart,  to  he  defended  hy 
(■very  hand  I  But  it  is  of  our  future,  not  of  the  past  or  oven  of  the  present, 
thiit  I  would  Hpi'iik,  in  the  brief  remnant  of  this  address.  It  is  not  what  wc 
havtt  Ix'en,  or  what  we  hare  done,  or  even  what  wo  are,  that  weighs  on  our 
tliouKlits  at  this  hour,  even  lo  the  point  of  oppressiveness  ;  but  what,  what 
arc  we  to  be  ?  What  i^  to  1m)  the  character  of  a  second  century  of  Independ- 
en<i'  for  America?  What  are  to  Iw  its  issues  for  ourselves?  What  are  to  l>c 
its  influences  on  umnkind  at  large?  And  what  can  we  do,  all  powerless  as 
we  are  to  pierce  the  clouds  which  rest  upon  the  future,  or  to  penetrate  the 
counsels  of  an  overruling  Providence — what  can  wc  do  to  secure,  these  glori- 
ous institutions  of  ours  from  decline  and  fall,  that  other  generations  may 
enjoy  what  we  now  enjoy,  and  that  our  lilierty  may  indeed  he  'a  liberty  to 
that  only  which  is  good,  Just,  and  honest,' — 'a  liberty  enlightening  the 
world?' 

*  .    •  *  •  • 

"  Let  me  not  exaggerate  our  dangers,  or  dash  the  full  joy  of  this  occasion, 
hy  -■'UKgysting  too  strongly  that  there  may  be  poison  in  our  cup.  But  I  must 
lie  pardone<l,  as  one  of  n  post  generation,  for  dealing  with  old-faBhione<l 
counsels  in  oid-fosbioned  phrases.  Profound  dissertations  on  the  nature  of 
goverrinient,  metiiphysii'al  speculations  on  the  true  theory  of  civil  lilierty, 
siieiititii-  (liNseetiona  of  the  machinery  of  our  own  potllical  system, even  were 
I  capable  of  them,  would  be  as  inappropriate  as  they  would  lie  worthless. 
70 


THK    VORKTtnrX    CEXTEXNIAL. 


(VMHa*.plMr  prtMlph*  antl  »-iin w  W.BM  BMSlaa.  »Wcfc  li«  wHlua  tb* 

■BWfwIilMlua  of  Itw  rUMtvB  Id  cmi  Kboob.  «r  a<  tha  rfwi^i  il  and  Umi 
rnllNrmf  RMK  nr  WMnnn  Who  wMAk  «  h^anrrw  vbafAMk  aetdle.  -T1l# 
tnr  i4  thft  I»n1  miiat  Mill  ihkI  «tct  Im  tht  bairtBBlfV  of  o«r  «iadoa.  OmI 
*tMrflrn<-r  ut  Ilia  cMnmandnwnU  tlwr  ml*  of  vut  livw.  Crina  mmt  wtt  ^ 
■npnnUhnl,  and  tU*  mtuH  lir  ■ttgm«tiSMl  siMl  rvlnbil  «•  vkt. 

•  ■  »  ■  ■ 

"  (Hll««  Md  timw  anm  nudto  prmMtm  tar  kII  UuI  nUtM  M  cittai  aari 
luana.  BIjUm,  wblrli  •till  Nwl  alwftyji  lnT«  OdIIw.  «Uvb  Vtill  »s4  klwaj* 
have  ncliU,  uitMl  prarBlr  for  mil  tlul  jaaUy  rttUlw  lu  SutM.  And  the  gev 
»r«i  KOTfTvaiml  at  the  Undin  niiMi  ^surciMi  lu  fmnmaaat  mattuMitj  vrnr 
nftjiMttg  rrf  itoHMMfr  vr  tvn^  iatanM  irbhsk  emnw  wicliiB  llw  splwrB  of 
Urn  n.ii«iiiiifi.msl  rMitiol.  Ctrll  mttIm  mum  bi  nlar— J  ttowUaM  ant 
«|>p<iliiliw>iiU,  «■  Burkp  aaltt,  murt  h«  tiut4«, '  ■•  u>  *  ■amd  tnnrtlaa  aitd  Dot , 
M  tnn  ptlllHl  inh.  TTw  drrflrn  franrhbw!  muU  lir  trrtuTwhrrc  {truUirtFit. 
l*itMlrrmlli  mnal  br  tiuMiiuinrtl  In  ifit^. BUtr. sad  usUon.M  *refTMctUbw. 
Ilf>lllwr»|{uM  uMiiallTrrmrrcncy.nof  both  coojoiaed  —  bcIUnt mooo-mttaW 
Iknu  iKir  Id^iPtalliMiM  —  iMn  fnrtii  any  anbaiitute  for  the  hrmealj  and  icood 
fallh  Whlrh  uc  Ibc  baali  ii(  aa  i-otlurin(  pnbltc  4dvdH.  Oar  tnili-prnilenl 
)aiUd«l  ayatcui.  with  all  the  rigbM  and  datin  of  Um  faty-box.  mtmt  be 
rmpMiivil  and  aph*-l(L  The  mmj  ai»d  tbe  oavj  niaat  be  adequatelv  main- 
lainMl  taw  lb*  dafanac  nl  oair  roaau  and  romim^n-e  and  bunndarlea.  and  the 
rnllItU  not  naglactad  for  ilomMiUr  rxigrni-ia  ;  Imt  pean,  al  hocne  and  abroad, 
ninat  Rtill  and  erer  be  the  aim  and  end  of  all  our  ptvparationd  ftir  war.  Abare 
•11,  the  Union  — U»  I'nhMi  'In  apjr  event,*  as  Wanhlnffton  aaid  — ntul  be 
prHaarvMl. 


"  But  lot  u«  add  al  itiK«,  that,  wlUt  a  vhiw  to  all  ll>»««i  nmlii,  and  m»  lh» 
lodbpenanble  menoa  of  proiuotlng  and  •M.-uring  llMrm  a]l,  iinirpraal  rduca> 
tlon,  wWhniI  dlatinetloB  of  raoe,  miar  be  enDoanced,  aided  and  eoJotved. 
Tha  riwilTa  tnnehisa  t«a  nem  be  taken  awaj  from  maj  of  tboae  lo  wtaon 
It  bai  onn>  tw*n  inant*i].  Imt  we  onn  and  Wiut  make  edavation  co-exienalv? 
wllli  lhii  iilr^Mrr  fraJK'h)*!',  aiiil  lb  mut  be  done  wltbuul  dirlaj-,  an  a  uienautv 
ol  M<lf>4lc(»nAC.  and  witli  ttic  |{4>neral  ooi^erailon  of  tb«  anihorltitM  and  of  tbr 
|M!vp|i3  of  tbo  wliule  L-oanlry.  Oan-lulf  of  onr  country  durinjt  tli<-  lut  u-n  or 
(iritHin  jrcara  biia  Imtm  itixtiuMl  for  the  flnl  tlmv  lo  the  IntrtMliirtloii  anil  fiitatt- 
llMhim'iil  of  trm-  rvtniuoii  m-IkhiIk.  and  tbrrf  !•  not  wmlib  eDuu^b  at  [irvMnT 
III  Uiat  n';(l(in  Id  pn>t'lil>t  for  tliin  ((roat  nnccaaity.  Two  million*  of  ddldrf-ti 
wlllitiul  Ihr  iiH-aiiM  of  iuatnittlon  wan  tbi-  c»llinat«  of  the  1at«  tir.  8ran  tii 
IK7W.  £Trr;  yoar  brlnKs  anolhpr  loataltinent  of  brutal  Itcnamice  to  the  polls 
to  )tr  thtaiibjwt  or<-aii>li;iHi>ni.deoa|ittoii,corT<i|>tloB,or  Inliioldatlou.  Her«, 
bcfc  Id  oar  KTititntt  danger  for  thr  Ititiiro.  Ttit'  word»  of  our  tati?  lutnrntml 
ProNbknt,  In  hla  inniigural,  covao  to  ua  lo-(lay  with  r«dontilMl  i-mpliasiii  from 
Uiui  iiiii'1u«mI  grare  on  iIll>  lake  :  'All  the  L-anatllutloual  |H>n-tT  of  iliv  notion 
and  of  i1m>  Stataa,  and  all  Ihr  volunteer  for«M  of  tbi.-  iwuplH,  »bould  be  sum- 
nionwl  to  iitrM  Ihli  ilmiitor  by  tho  savinK  inftnrncr  of  imlvnntal  nliK-alion.* 
No  ilruriitlit  or  Rouil  ur  i-unfla^ratloD,  no  Bnccession  of  drongliCo  or  HooiIk  or 
roiiriaKriilloiw,  laii  l>e  wodlMMroiiA  to  our  malcrtal  weal ih  nathb  periodical 
lilting.  iIm<w<  HiiitHal  intindnttonaor  iKiiorancu,  to  uiir  momi  and  pulUlfal  wel- 
(arr.     Kvery  year,  i-rery  dajr,  of  delnj  tncreuara  Uie  difllriilly  of  inM-linp;  Ihf 


OCR  FBENCn  ALLIES. 

■langvr.  8lHverjr  U  tml.  luiK  nli»n»licil,  f'lu&iiiijiHlloii  in  hi  it  liaU  ii'miplt^tt'il. 
while  mlllloiia  nl  rt«ci:i«ii  Willi  volwt  In  tJiiilr  linn d^  are  loU  witliuui  f<luc»- 
lion.  Jiintict.  10  ttium.  tlio  wuKarr  o(  tli«  S*amii  In  whi«h  lh*.v  live,  the 
Hafrly  of  iln-  wholn  republic,  tlii<  ilijpiiijr  «>f  llii-  tilitrtive  liauililse,  ulikr 
ilrtimnil  Hint  till.- fibill  n-maiDing  liontlit  of  Igiiurani.'-  «1ik1l  )i^  iinlriosctl  and 
lirnhcn.  nn4  till*  mtndH  iuiir«IL  OS  tlie  btxIlM  of  th<-  FiiiiinH|ia1«il  k"  tt&-'.  1 
know  w]i<-r»ur  I  ii|ieak;  anil  liav«  i-ertaiuly  kIvcd  liino  enough,  nnil  UivurIiI 
tiiLuii|;1i,  ti)  the  mibjj-i-t,  for  timrlrHiri  j-i'iim  piml.  in  iity  r«liition«  to  a  IH'i'Mt 
S»iitlii-m  Ini4l,  to  k'lirn,  at  lon»t.  wliat  Xhai  tnint  linn  alnnt-.  what  It  ran  ilu, 
iin<l  wliat  it  cHniioi  ilo.  Ii  liaa  tn'un  tliUH  (or  a»  a  vok-e  iTyinn  in  tlw  wlldvi- 
iiew  — cttllinB  on  tlw  pvople  of  llie  Soiiih  to  underiakf;  tlie  gri-al  wurk  for 
tliiriiuielvfii,  mill  pn^imrinic  Uin  w«y  for  iU  Kliionuiful  pto«i'ttitloii .  It  may  bi: 
luokoil  Itai'k  upon,  one  of  tln-m^  day^.  if  nAl  miw,  tu  ihA  lit.tln  Icavi'D  whlrb 
lia»  lejivont^  the  whole  lump.  But  (hi>  wholp  lump  iniiKt  he  kncailoO  uuil 
ijiolded  »n<l  worked  ovor  with  nueeaalitR  acUvhy  and  energy,  by  every  town, 
vilUiKV  mid  dintrict,  tor  tlacK,  or  Ihuri.'  will  hrj  no  "iiftU-iL-iit  Urund  for  th«  liun- 
j(ry  at)d  fftmlshed  Tnaanen.  And  theri>  imist  Ix*  nidn  and  approprlAtloTiK  and 
undowiiientH  by  cltk'a  nod  at»l«!(,  ami  by  the  natiun  at  large.  Ilirmig])  tt«  pilb> 
lie  landH,  it  in  no  tithfr  waj-.  and  to  an  amount  oDtniiarttd  with  which  Ihu 
Kift  of  r.irorin;  I'enhody  —  iniinffli-eiit  «!■  il  wat  for  iin  Indivldniil  hcTi'-faflor — 
U  huL  n*  thv  aniiill  diiat  ot  thi.i  balnnrw.  tt  in  ll»>ir  rinp  of  tho  }(Ti'»t  H^btN  of 
a  free  jieople  to  \»  i>diitat«d  anrl  trnin^-d  up  from  cbildhoad  to  that  aliillty  to 
SOTcrn  ttieniHelvi'A  wblfh  Ik  the  largeai  elomenl  In  n^piihlKan  Mrlf-Kort^rn- 
iiient,  and  wtllioiil  wlikli  ull  Hrlf-icovvmuK-ut  nniat  Iw  a  failure  iiiid  a  fuTVV, 
licrr  aiulorRr>*w]ir>rr!  It  ia,  indxril,  primarily,  a  right  of  onr  rhltdri'n,  and 
they  an*  nnl  able  to  enforce  and  vindicate  It  l6r  tlirmaelveM.  Bni  let  (ih 
lu'ware  of  Bubjt^tinjt  «ura«lvwi  to  the  ini'lTable  r<'prniu-h  of  roblung  tlievkjl- 
dreii  of  thpir  liri:-ud  and  uiutlng  il  hvforc  tHagf,  by  wa-tiiig  uiiiobi  millions  on 
•-orrnpt.  or  extravagant  iirojecla.  and  Htarvliig  our  coiumoti  tu'liools.  The 
whole  lield  of  the  Cninii  !>  now»prn  tn  rdnrntion.  and  tlin  wIihIr  fl«iicl  of  Lin; 
L'nion  must  In-  oi'i'iipted.  fr^r  go v^'rn intone/  niii»t  Hinnd  or  fall  with  frv« 
m-huolK.  TIiL'tK),  und  ihcHc  aloiiv,  mn  supply  ttic  Drin  fouudailDn.and  that 
lonnilatiiTiu  must  ni  tIdH  very  moment  lie  extended  uud  Hir>'iij{(heiked  and 
rendered  Iniiuovablt- and  i mli.vLrui-liblt-,  like  thai  of  itin  giHHutir  olx'tliiik  at 
Wiwihington'.  if  the  lioanted  fahrio  of  liberty,  for  wldeh  t)itt>  victory  <-leared 
tliu ground,  l*  not  lu  sutlle  and  lijtt«r  and  L-rumldu! 

■  •  •  B  • 

"  Kfllow.illiRenaor  Ihe  L'ntt«d  fJtHl*^  — eilixcuaor  tlir  old  Thirl*-eii  of  the 
UrvotiUion.  unit  eilinens  of  tlve  new  Twftiity-flvis  wliiMe  stnrn  un-  now  glft- 
tvriiiu  with  Tiu  inferior  bmlre  in  our  gtortouH  galaxy  — ye«,  and  cllizenti  of  t lie 
■till  Dthvr  Stale*  which  I  dart'  not  attempt  to  nuni)M-r.  but  wlileh  are  denlined 
ttt  DO  iliftani  j'lerliHl  lu  lie  evolved  Croiu  our  liii]M-rial  Tesim  and  ti-rritorixH  — 
I  ball  yon  alt  ita  brotht-rH  Eo-ilay,  ainl  lall  npim  you  all.  on  yon  KHlvanL-e  In 
MieocMtive  ttL-ueratloim,  to  itliinil  laHt  tn  lUe  faith  of  the  fiiitiLTH,  amt  to  nphnlil 
und  luulntjiin  nnlinpuin.-d  ibe  inntelileits  iusiluicluns  uldch  are  now  ont». 
'  Vuii  are  thi-  lulvHiu'ed  );iiiitd  iif  the  liuiiiau  no'e;  yuu  liavi*  llif  fotiiTe  of  lliv 
worhl,'  nald  Mme.  de  .Stio-I  lo  a  di.tlingniiilii-Hl  Ami-riran,  rt-falliiig  with  |ii4dn 

wliai  Prai Iiud  ili<n><  fnr  ua  iit  VorkUiwii.     I.<'t  iia  lift  ouraelvea  to  a  [nil 

u'Uao  of  aiii'h  a  riMpnn«lbilicy  for  the  progre&v  of  fived'iu,  in  otlie-r  hindi 
an  well  B»  in  our  ou  ti.  It  iit  not  onra  lo  Intervene  fiir  the  redri-Kn  ol  grlev- 
Ant'm,  or  for  iIk-  •-^lalilUhmeut  of  IndriMMideiiec^  riM-wlieiv,  im  Franrv  did 


^&6 


THE   YOBKTOWS    CBNTEKNIAL. 


Iitiru,  with  fle«t(i  aiid  unuWii.  But  we  L-nii,  uul  oiiud,  liitorven^  —  Miit  «■• 
(UV  iulvrvviiluCt  (luil>-  nriil  hnurl.v,  (at  Imhtrr  iir  wnnte  — 1>>-  tlir  InHnvlti-c  mBtt 
Uio  force  of  otir  rkaniiilr<.  Nnxt,  crnninlj-,  t«  prninoMnf;  lh«^  ^t«M««I  com!  of 
Uie  ifrmutst  nuialwr  ut  huiuc,  the  supri'tiic  misniDii  of  our  ruuiiUr  Is  to  hold 
up Uiftjro  thn  ejw  of  oil  niunkliid  a  pmcllral,  well-reBiiIaieJ,  suwwulul  «j>»- 
triii  nt  Tret!. «-oR»lUutl<ii»tl  tioveriuiteui.  jiun-ly  ntlitiitibttt-rtil  atirl  loyally  aiip- 
porKMl  — civlnKnA^uriuioi'ikiiil  (urmMnn  proof  IIiHt  tnif  liliurty  la  not  Inconi- 
jiatiblo  with  tlit-  tiiHiiilrnan<-c  oi  ortier,  wlili  ubcilffncr  to  law,  itii>l  wflh  a 
Idfty  Htnnilanl  of  polllloal  aud  tioclal  vUtuv.  Erery  fitiluriK  InTr,  rvny 
•Ic^frae  of  failure  linrn,  lhtutii;h  iiiauliurdiunUon  or  dUi^ord.  through  drtiionl- 
Ixnttnn,  comifiUon,  ori^riinr'.  ctirowslmck  tlii-<~MtiHf!  of  frM-doiii  evcrywburr, 
iiud  prevL'iiU'  our  cotinlry  iw  a  warniDtt,  iiwivad  of  a*  uii  u(u.'«niratf«Pi«al.  (" 
till)  IUkthI  trndendes  of  other  (juvern ineolti  and  Olber  Iniida.  W«  cnimol 
«iu.-ii]>(t  from  Ihv  reaiiouRlliillly  of  Uiiii  ifit^al  iiilur\'«DLlou  uf  Aifi«rk^n  rsiim- 
j^lf,  mid  it  iiivoU'4'^  tkoihiiig  IrxH  tliun  tJic  httjM-,  or  thr  di'«|>uir,  of  the  agM- 
l^!t  a»  MlrlvL',  tliiMi,  to  uUI  and  Rdvance  Urn  lilK'rty  ot  tlio  world  tu  iliu  only 
iLiglihuatv  tvay  In  our  power  —  liy  puirloilc  fldtdlty  aiid  diivotlon  iti  upiiold- 
liii;,  illu.tiratiuK  -jud  lutorulntf  our  uwu  frui-  iii«titutiwiu>.  There  In  no  lliidt  tu 
imr  pr(nipi'rity  nnil  wrifiiri-,  il  m>:  nri'  Iriir  to  tlio»i>  itoitiliiliuuii.  We  liavc 
nothing  now  to  fear  dxctpt  froni  oiintLdrtM.  Tlioro  iw  no  l>oumlary  linn  fur 
M'paruUng  us,  without  cordotis  ol  cuKtom-boiutoB  and  suriaons  ot  etainliiit: 
aiiitii-H,  "liifli  wmild  iIihukv  thf  whole  (liurKctvr  of  ibois  InBtltiitlona.  \Vr 
»ni  onn  by  tbc  nonfl^raliun  ut  niitiirr  niid  by  Ihi;  xtrnng  iinim-ji.i  of  alt  — 
incKtrioably  intertwined  by  tJie  lay  of  our  land,  the  run  ot  our  rivers,  tlw 
rbaln  o(  our  tatioit,  and  (be  Iroii  net-work  of  onr  (tosbIuk  aud  rcrroeHintt  and 
fvvi  inulliplyliiK  and  »llH  mlvandnjt  triu'ks  of  InwU-  and  Iravel,  We  are  our 
tty  tli(-  nmniorirji  of  our  tnlSir-rn.  \Vf  arw  one  by  ibn  linpitit  of  our  c^bildten. 
Wc-  lue  ono  by  h  Conntitution  and  a  ruion  whtcb  bare  not  only  surrirod  the 
shock  of  for«l(iu  and  of  civil  war.  but  have  nbood  tb«  abt^jauco  of  aliuo&t  all 
adnilnlBCration,  while  the  wbolo  pvopk>  were  wailingbrcDtbless,  in  ull<'riial>- 
hope  and  ("Rr,  for  the  ifwar*  of  an  execrable  crime-  Wo  arc  om-,  Imniiil 
lo|;t.'lhvr  afrrab  by  tbe  I'lectrie  cbords  of  aynpalhy  and  sorrow,  vibrating  and 
thrllllnj;  day  by  dny  of  tbe  tlveloni;  STitnnx-r  tbroujcb  vvcry  on^^  of  our 
beartu  lor  our  biwvly  woundotl  and  hrarel.v  riiifTiTiuu  I'n.'iildi'Ut.  brlnjilnK  us 
hII  down  on  niir  knceN  togntlii^r  In  rnmmon  stippllaralionii  for  hi*  lifu,  and 
iDvolvIng  iiM  nil  at  lost  fn  a  eominon  flood  ot  grief  at  bit  di.-uth!  1  darv  not 
llnet^r  ainid  scenes  like  theje,  on  lliat  itn-at  aftlktioii,  wbii-h  baa  oililrHl. 
iudwil,  ■  another  hallowH  innui-  to  lb«  histOTk-al  inbvrilant-e  of  "ur  nimbllc,' 
but  wbii'b  hiiK  thrown  n  )iBtl  of  rU'epent  tragedy  upon  th"  tnllinR  curtain  iil 
our  firnt  ccnIiiTy.  Oh,  kt  not  Ita  inttut'iiiOM  be  lost  iipuu  us  for  ibu  c«nlury^ 
to  rouic,  but  ifjt  im  be  one,  henceforth  and  atwayH,  In  mutual  renanl,  i'oncUla- 
tion.aud  iidi'iitiuii. 

"*fJu  on,  band  in  Itaiul,  Oh  Slates,  ue.vnr  to  In)  dlnunilRilI  Itr  tbr>  prnbie 
and  thfl  boroii'  song  nf  all  ptwlrriiy!  .loin  your  invinri  bin  might  to  do  worthy 
and  (>odlikcdL'V(U!  And  Ihttn '—  Uut  I  will  not  a<bl,  as  John  Milton  aildvd. 
In  cbmliii;  his  iuiinltable  appeal  on  rvtoiiuatlou  iu  EuxlAud,  two  L'eutnrlcs  and 
a  half  itgu — 'A  cleaviEiif  oiinH-  be  tiiic  iobt!rlta.ui'«  Iu  all  |{r^niTnltouH  wbo  xot-kii 
t>i  bn^iik  your  Union! '  No  unnibininii  nball  iv>rH|K-  my  lipa  0:1  MiIa  ioi»pi<  ions 
[lay-  I'el  tne  ruthcr  tiiv<ikv,  an  I  devouily  and  (errently  do,  tbe  cbalteni  aud 
rl('bi»t  bIfSHlngsof  beavon  on  ihoso  uhk>  Hliall  do  most,  in  all  lime  to  ntiue. 
(i)  iin-xerve  our  Imi1uv«n1  voiintry  In  unity,  p«uMi«,  and  cuncunl!  " 


OUR  ritENCH  ALLIES 


S57 


I 


Til  lii!>  ilt-livfr^',  the  orator  wiui  frAc)uenLl]-  inlerniptcd  bv  lu'urly 
n|>|iL)ii?i.\  iiiitl  tliL-  L-lui|ucnl  pcTornt ion  wha  followisl  by  cbc«rs  and 
iiiIht  (IcninnMnilions  of  gralincnliitn  fpom  the  thmng  nf  liitt«ners. 

The  Presiilriit'tt  nddrprnt  wno  p^f-toil  with  liearly  npfilauw.  The 
ri'j'jKHisi'*  c»r  ilim  French  unci  (ItTnian  Fpcakt-Ta  drt'w  from  llic  «uJi- 
iMico  wnrni  lokciiK  of  approhiiliou.  AIUt  Uh-  niMroM.'Hii,  >i  iipirited 
'*  CepU-niiiaHWtf,"  writleu  by  I'aul  H-  Hnyne,  uf  Soiilli  CHruliim, 
wus  ri'ii'lcri'd  by  it  clivru»,  undvr  I'rul('FM>r  .Seif;*'].  Jl  vhhk  of  tlic 
sinigtjie  "  n^  Tiliiii  of  l(«i«,"  of  (lie  lM)Ut  (ie  Grni**«,  wlio  "  kcjit  iil 
Imiv  lliL-  bluff  bitlWogs  of  firnvej*,"  nf  iht?  "  uioniin^  suiiorb  wlicti 
ihi?  diogo  i\'ai-lir(l  Us  close,"  iu  "triumph  Iranscciidenl,"  nnd  llu-ii, — 

"  Whuii  Pgrcp  Iu  tier  own  timed  the  pulio  af  thn  ]an<i. 

Ami  Che  war  woii(ii>u  ^utik  rruin  tUt<  witr-wr'arliil  liaiiil, 
Vmiiix  Fr<!r(latii  uiiliortic  [i>  l\n'  h<'iitlit  uf  thr  Koul 
Sh<^  UokI  ycnrncil  U*t  m>  Ionic  with  iti'cp  trikv«il  of  Aotll, 
A  sunic  uf  lliv  fiiliin-  raisKtl  IlirilLiuii  uml  tltrar, 
Till  the  vtikhW  It-tini^  to  UurkiMi,  tliv  hill  olujivfi  l«  h^iu, 
^>t  rmii):]it  with  nil  mA)fl(-iil)n'>'ti>ii'<'r«  lhiii.K'<'ttiii 
Oil  IIr-  iK^to'fl  liiKh  ItuiM-,  ar  thti  pntrlut'ii  dritftm, 
^VllHt  fiitnn:,  ttivuith  lfri|;hr,  iu  (.-vlil  shuilow  shull  C4U>I 
Till-  «liTn  IbPHiily  thfvt  )ialni'«  titr  ttrow  of  thi'  pnMf 
Oh!  WKiMfd  In  love,  oa  imiUiil  In  fHiiic. 
See  lli«!  »tsn<lur<l  which  atain  fiiitn  the  xturllKhl  tlK  tliimi^ 
Anil  lypc  of  nit  chivnlry,  k'"'*'!  ruiimuci;, 
Tlie  fnlr  IIIIm,  tb«  luiniautiit  tlll««  ut  Fmiiw." 

AIUt  till'  mle  fmno  r  song,  '•  Got!  save  our  Pirwdpiil  from  hiinii." 
'J'lie  ftnifi  Mil*  rotloWL'iL  by  a  ■' ('eHH.-nniiiI  I'urm,"  wrilti-ii  awl  n-ail 
by  .Tame-*  UniTi'ii  I[o|ic.  editor  uf  tlio  "  Norfolk.  (Va.)  I*aiidiiilirk." 
It  tiiii»1ti,-i*i-il  iil«nit  iwfllvc  hunilretl  liiit'!'.  niid  wiis  replelo  with  hiii* 
toric  fle!)<-ri)ilioii8.      It  vln^c'l  with  iIib  foUowing  stanzas  : 


"THK  Hoirn  ix  THit  unox. 

An  aoi'lenL  CbronhU'  has  t^Id 
That,  in  thi:i  Imiiuus  days  ot  old 

InAtttioch  under  ftmn ml 

I'bn  Mlt•«aIn^  luire  wtwi  li>iin<l~ 

t^nhitleii  hj-  iromwitTo  mst— 
Tilt!  liLiii-n  thi>  llriiuan  solilk-r  ilirusi 

In  Cubist's  bare  «J(lt>  upun  thr  Tree-. 

And  thai  It  bronglit 

A  uild'hty  ujH'lL 

Ti>  IllLH)'  wh«  tnllght 

Till-  Inftil.l 

Ami  tiilghty  vli-tory. 


558 


THE   YORKTOWN   CENTENNLAL. 


Atlil  «')  iIiIk  cliiy 
To  >un  I  tny— 
fipnaklng  (nr  inUllnnB  of  rriie  Sonlhirm  men— 
III  uonU  that  hitvo  no  utjiluruiw— 
I  *ny.  HHil  «iy  ftiiain: 

SbmiUI  r.hm  Ki-piiMlc  i>vit  Mght, 

Uy  liiml.  nr  »uii, 
for  prwwiiit  Ikw,  or  guirti-nt  rinht 

Thi>H«viitL  will  \»r 

Ah  ttoh  that  lanro, 

Allicit  not  round 

Mill  ntHlrr  (fniuDil 
ilul  in  th<f  (on-froDt  of  Mio  Kist  wlvftliret 

'Twill  lly  u  iieiiuoii  fair 

A*  vvvt  kiniwil  ihu  air. 

On  it,  for  rvpty  glanuo. 

Shall  tilazr  Mnjtyiltv  Praiic* 

Blent  with  <iur  Ilnrti*H  ntinie 

til  I'vi^rliLslinif  fliiuic. 

Anil  wTitti'ii,  fiiir  in  g'lM, 

TIiIk  leg^n-l  on  ilnrnlil: 

Tflvi'  11.4  1>iuk  ilif  tltti  (iJ  Vorklowiit 

I'criHli  nil  Mir  mvili.TM  hnttw! 
Far  11i<-  mttitx  nf  tli«  Uiik>ii 

Ift  [Jw  siifety  or  ttie  Stnteii!  " 

I  III-:     IIHITISII     »I.Ali     Tl«    UK    SAI.ITKIl. 

At  Ihis  »[«)((■  iif  llic  c-xrrcinfj*,  a  i«-£-iii;  tm-rurreii,  wIih-Ii  liv  l\\(*m 
whu  wiuiciM(.-il  it  will  DCTOr  be  ftirgoUeu.  Secretary  Blaiue  ruoe, 
mid  in  u  voive  distiticlly  liciinl  liy  llic  timltitiule,  road  the  ftillowiug 
yinler ; 


"  In  r«vo);i>ltluii  <if  lliv  fri^indly  nltitluus  su  Ion};  anil  so  ]ui)ipl1y  wilMlsIlnif 
lintwcin  4}ri-ul  Itrltniti  iiml  tin-  IlitiU'ii  St»t<-a,  in  tli(!  tnmt  am)  ('ont1<l«nc-e  ol 
poate  nnil  cdod-wiH  XiMwcon  the  two  countries  for  nil  ilm  ccntnrtw  lo  coim', 
iltld  cH|i<;«-ial1y  ub  a  uuirk  of  tho  profouml  rcL§iw4.'t  ontvrtuinetl  by  thu  Atni'rk-un 
|ii'0]ile  fur  l]iv  iLlusrriuuit  aovcru'lfin  and  uruL'touo  laOy  wlin  alt«  upon  th«  Brtt- 
bli  llirouc,  It  i*  liRridt.v  onI<<t«il  Itiul  itt  ihr-  i-lint'  nt  tlt»n  tcirviceii,  i'utuiu>-iau> 
rativo  of  tlir valor  anrl  luc'tcitN u(  uur  fi>t<f«tlii-r9in  their  jiatriotiu  ntrnK;cl'r  for 
inilependvDi^ti.  the  KritUli  Ahk  Ahull  Ix*  nalnltvt  t>y  tliu  forces  of  tlii'  anny  ami 
navy  of  thi<  Uultol  StateH  now  m  Vorktowti.  Tltr  Secretary  ul  War  antl  llie 
Sw'ri'tary  nf  iIjh  Niivy  will  u'*'*  "riti-m  lUH'utilhtKly- 

•■CHESTEK   A.  ARTHl'lt. 
-'By  the  Pn*lili-tit, 

"  jAWai  ti.  Blaikk,  SMiff^lNry  of  Htatv." 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  559 

Tilt;  jiiTsomil  iiitcfvat  hIiowii  by  Queen  VirtoHu  iii  the  Into  <if  I'rcisi- 
ileiil  (inrtielil,  imd  llie  tcinlor,  (»is»h'rly  (■<tinimiiiicHlioii»  iiddrpsseil  t(i 
liis  herenvc'il  wife,  liai:!  iirepared  the  jwojile  of  tlie  Vnilcil  States  to 
i-eocive  with  MHtisfaotinii  the  proniiilgatinn  of  siirh  an  oriler.  On  Ihp 
ground,  in  tlie  hoarta  of  the  nuiltitnde.  ii  sympathetic  cliord  was 
lonohed,  and  when  Secretary  lilaiiie  ceased  rcailinjr,  the  enthusiasm 
of  the  assembly  burst  forth  with  unrestrained  force,  Iltiiids  were 
clapped,  handkerchiefs  and  hats  wen:  waived,  and  jn-otracted  stento- 
rian hnzzas  rent  the  air.  In  that  moment,  national  animosities  were 
forgotten,  and  the  centennial  oomincmoration  of  tlic  surrender  of 
Yorktown  became  to  each  one  present  the  snnple  recognition  of  a 
historical  fact,  divested  of  power  to  perpetuate  alienation  between  two 
grt!at  nations. 

So  far  as  at  present  advised,  the  idea  of  saluting  the  Briti.ih  flag 
at  the  conehision  of  the  ceremonies  at  Yorktown,  originated  with  one 
of  the  sons  of  Rhode  Island,  in  New  York.  He  suggested  it  to  a 
military  friend,  h  member  of  the  Rhode  Island  Sot^iety  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati, and  shortly  after,  it  appeared  in  a  leading  NewYork  daily 
paper.  This  military  gciitlciium  c-ommunicated  the  idea  to  Major- 
Oencral  AV,  S.  llaneuck,  at  Governor's  Island.  It  met  liis  approval, 
and  wa.s  coniniunicated  to  President  Arthur  by  Mr.  Lincoln,  the  Secre- 
tary of  War.  The  onler  was  given,  and  with  a  hearty  good-will  was 
ola-yed  to  the  letter.* 

To  his  acting  Adjutant-(ieneral.  Major  .\sa  Biitl  tiarduer,  General 
Hancock  assigned  the  duty  of  itunoiuicing  the  order  to  the  land  and 
naval  forces  at  Yorktown.  At  five  o'clock,  i'.  M.,  a  signal  for  the 
ceremony  was  made.  As  the  British  -and  Aniericiiii  flags  were  run 
lip,  the  American  officers  stood  with  bowed  heads  uncovered,  salutes 
were  fired,  cheers  were  given,  and  a  touching  national  courtesy  to 
Queen  Victoria  was  rendered. 


■The  ildlngi  of  this  n-Rternal  act  were  received  In  KnglRTiil  witli  ovlilent  fcrnttflcKllon. 
Tlip  "  I.ondon  Standard  "  piratantly  noticed  it  as  rolli>w!< : 

"TUK  YORKTOWN    SAH'TK,   TO   TMK    KN(iI.IS1l    VI.Ali. 

rolnmbia,  dear.  In  fond  dellfclil 

We'll  churlBh  one  another; 
Sfllutlnfc  Knftland'i  banner  brlKlit, 

You've  (inly  kUfcd  juur  mollier." 


\    ■ 

\ 


cnrmnnAU 


Twotmm4t  i»  ll«Mrt»— ijWi.  rtrli  to  amn, 
AmihmaMmimt   ii  fiilii  mi  b<  yw». 
Tt4d  lb«  «Wd»  ilofT  in  ita  d«MhU  |wta 
Til  «•*  wW  llTM  in  «w»  ptat  KaOaas' kc«rtB. 
Aa4  IM*  alOT*  Old  KifhMl'a  BOM  Md  «■. 

Tkrlorfa'*  vnalli  Uooma  oa  Ok  rirmiim  fcacaal 
Of  tdHjatfyoMtBlasivwaid  aadreat, 
A«d  toa  — <  Ian  twwiw  two  MlglT  roaMt 
y«v  Treallw  Bre  la  Asm  aadytac  Sowcts.*' * 

An  trtCTdirv  In-  DodworlK**  band  nf  iJic  TbinflKaih  Bc^mcBi.  oT 
tin:  Smi'muai  liumrd  of  Um  Siai«  of  New  Turk.  Irrniinated  the  cmUed- 
aiid  rserciMK  M  tlu  grmoi  mmuA.  A  reegdJon  in  I.Afii,v«a«  Hall, 
twM  b^  tVntdcot  Anlnir.  bUuwisrf.  ImniMEaldT  afU-r.  arrum- 
fnoicd  hy  awnbcfa  oT  lii*  cabinet,  tbv  Fmicb  Miui»lcr.  ma^  ttibrr 
diaiin|cui*lMMi  piciaU,  bv  Ttnled  the  miUtanr  encatnptnent.  A  bainl 
eoruvrl  al  tbr  mIc  of  liif  immiimrtil,  and  aitolht'j-  at  tbr  military 
raiiipa,  a  p%Tot«rbnir  i)ic|iUv  rni  the.  YoA  rircr.  aud  a  prumriiadc- 
eoDort  and  bop  al  LafurHl^  Hall,  lermioated  tb«  fe^tiritict''  of  W«l- 
nraday. 

MILrTAKT    AJtO    KAVAt.    BSVIEWd. 

It  liad  bucii  itilvudvil  lu  dvvulc  Tburadajr  to  a  prsml  militarv 
iwii'MT,  and  1"  r-luM-  llir  f-iimmKiiKimlivv  triereifra  op  Kridnjr  witb  a 
irntnl  review,  iu  tbc  harlmr,  br  the  Crasi'lvat  of  tlie  l*nit«d  Slatoe, 
niid  M-itli  oserriwM  of  tbc  6cct,  oiider  tlie  command  of  Rear-Adnural 
tt.  11.  Wyiiiiiii.  ]ri  ordfr.  liowcvor.  to  accommodate  t\\e  foreign 
j^iicAtii,  wlio  liul  rrign^«>l  to  be  in  Rirbiiioiid  od  ibat  dar.  In  altrod 
tbiin.'  n  rm-L-piioti  and  bnll,  and  who  vel  dcMirud  to  wiuii!«8  the 
revivvrji,  il  wha  derided  tu  hotd  lK>tli  on  Thiir>diir.  At  ao  rarlr 
hour  ofl  ibc  nioriiii)g  nf  that  day,  the  niilitATT  eiimmpment^  W(-n> 
antir,  At  U-ti  o'l-lork,  'J,'tOO  iiit-ii  nf  the  rank  aod  file  werv  m  Itnu, 
mid  iviili  <ivDvral  [latiixick  aud  hh  stnlF  Hi  tlii-ir  bead.  Ihcy  cu«- 
iiKiitf'd  Uii'ir  monOi.  Tbe  graud  flaiid  wiu>  occtipii-d  by  IV^^idcui 
Anliur.  roembepi  of  hi?  cabioc-t.  mcnibem  of  congre»»,  goveruorfl  of 
tla*  original  thirt«vti  S(Ht4»,  ll)«  Frcoich  AuibnMuiilor  M.  Outrey,  tb« 
VrwiM'Ii  mid  (icriiiaii  giifnU,  lii-m-rwl  SIirriiiHii,  AdJiitHnt-CoiH'ral 
'rotriiiM-rMl,  uiiil  mntiy  utb<-r  difttinguiDhcd  olliccr*  mill  civilians.      Tbe 


OUR   FREKCn  ALLIES. 


561 


p'Hto  of  iiiiirfh  wHjt  round  llii-  Ti-mplp  fHrni.  h  distHiKv  of  a1)out  lour 
miles.  Wheti  itie  head  of  1I10  oulumn  n*4i(-hprl  tlip  roviowiiig  t^lantl, 
<it.'(a*ral  lliini-uck  and  liin  ntntf  fi'Il  oui  (if.  ihc  line,  titamniitited.  anti 
joiiifrl  llif  IVwiderit'e  |)iirtY,  wliile  tlie  truops  rauve<i  onwnrd.  S[i*- 
eiftlly  notu-fable  were  twi  cuiupaiiii^  from  S1.U11I)  Cnniliun,  rurn'ing  tW 
RliCaw  flnjt  of  St-|ilt>mlmr  Klli.  I7M1  ;  tin- Clitilliani  I.iylil  Artilterv,  of 
(l(M>rgin,  olmrU-ntl  ill  17W*l,  liiiviii;i  twu  lnii.-!"  twflvt-|m\iinltr  guits, 
(■flptiircfl  Rl  Yorlctown.  in  1781,  and  prcM>nli-cl  in  the  coinpftny  bjr 
H'HKliiiiiirloti ;  •  IV  hripmlc  of  Vii-jririiH  iroDps,  nf  the  hi-arl  nf  whioli 
rodf  GviiiTiil  Fitz  IIii-;))  la'c,  with  a  UtAy  guard  i>f  fnrty  rnviilry.  iti^ 
Tvnx  being  Iironglil  up  by  iwo  colon-d  {^iimpiintuc  ;  two  Ifnlted  Suites 


hntt<>ri (>.■«,  with  fitiir  j^uu*  ■■-hc)i  ;  f  iiin)  l!ie  tiir^-  C'oiiiiei^linil  rcfri- 
nient.  wliidi.  uwiiig  to  iiiiNvrtidnldo  dctfiition,  did  nut  rcAch  tliv  tiold 
iiiilil  iiftiT  ilif  Hoc  was  til  iiiolioti.  wlien,  JiiiH'tiii^'  tin'  hcml  of  \he 
I'liliiEuii,  it  fiU'iI  iifV  ifi  iIm-  ivfir.  iind  Imtk  ii.t  pot^iiiori  withmit  i-niifii- 
i<ioii.  Till:  Adroilnt'iui  uf  tlii!  iuuvi.-iiirgjt  i^iiiiii-d  for  the  retrimeiU 
henrly  appluiiM*.     Of  ttie  inHiiiH  ivpreMriitin;;  otii«r  Stnlcs,  n)ucb  in 


*l)ur  ur  tlii-H'  tCUJii  tVMi  III  I'.iiglUli  Muiiiulni-tuii ,  null  liuru  iliv  Bnitf  biiiI  uionofram  ot 
U«wrgc  II  .  liiKr'1»r  wltli  u»  Inictlptlon  o(  llii^  iiiijlut*  It  wai  ma'lp  t,;  Utiplu.  [n  ItTA. 
Tlie  oiImt  VI an  at  Frtncli  urlj^D,  mid  »■«■  tnnilr  hy  \t<rrruiirr,nt  blmitiDrjc,  hi  ITT't.  It  Im* 
the  Dour hai>  i^iitt  of  ariii*.  miil  tM»  l^llii  iiiii^rlt-liuiOi  vU. :  "I'ltlma  rallo  rvfuiD."  •nd 
"  Nrc  I'tiirllinn  tnipar."  Ri'iwM-n  tli*  irunnloni  an-  n  pair  ur  n«i-Iy  nrroufilil  limlilk  dol- 
phlo*  for  KaiKlltt.    A  wlilrtluR  floud  tymboIlM*  a  burMlnf  ■tu-ll.    I'urlnc  tlir  nrfrw  i€f 

llir  cx>lu[i*iii  llrml  a  aiilule  vf  r)n(  Itutiilml  kii>i> 

I  Itiic  of  the  botC«'(h<»,  i>>niinniiili4  Ia  i  a|iialu  Miidalr,  niMrclin]  txmo  tort  Ilninllluii, 
Naw  Vork.  a  itUlaim  ot  four  (lundrrO  amt  icvvaly-teirD  uillrt.  In  •bunt  iwentr.ihrcc 
lunrcliliix  ila/f.  Tliv  rjHirr.  n>iiiiiiniiilir>1  bi  t'aplain  A,  I'.  M.  lIcinlngtOTi,  laarrJinl  rmm 
Wathtnuioii,  ■  ill>lanc«  nf  onp  l>iiniln>il  iinti  ntiiHT  At*  mil**.  In  a  lllll*'  urrr  tw«1ie  day*, 
vxcluika  or  l«a  niiui1a)«,  nhcu  II  n'*l(*il. 

71 


THR    YOBTCTOWN    CEITTEWNTAL. 

ronimeii<liitioi)  niiglil  be  »aiH.  All  ftppenred  well.  The  marrhiug  of 
ihf  eiilire  coltimii  wan  «ii|>i^rl>,  «iid  divw  from  the  I're^idenl,  from 
(iriHTnl  ShpiTiiiiii.  frmn  AiljiilMUt-Gvneral  Towawnd,  from  tlio  liir- 
eigti  giicRU.  HD(I  from  oiIhtc  oo  iIip  »l*ud,  i-xprewions  of  iinqiuJitlfrl 
HdminilKiti.  (^(-iix-rnl  IlmH'ock  cviileiitlv  f**l(  proiid  of  liist  cnnimHiicl, 
unci  ill  rliU  iW'tiii*;  li<>  wrnt  jitHtiticd.  Nmt  in  ilidr  iitiifurtii^  nutrunl 
ill  llieir  Iwuriugs,  utid  ucurt  in  tlicir  nioveiiieiilM,  pickcil  nwu  from  tUc 
iTguUir  nrmy  <roiiM  DCHnvly  liuM-  jijipearvd  iti  butUr  advaniugo.  A 
lliroug  uf  ten  tliuuMtnil  sjn-clfltorit  wm  gmtillu^l.  the  only  minuy«DCP 
lifirif;  linst.  .IimI  na  tliv  rear  of  tlie  calliniM  nachvd  llit*  »tHii(),  Imo 
r^ifuUr  LHttcrifw  wIii-m!h<I  out  uf  lino,  firt^'il   ii  Knlnli-.  iind  ihe  nillitury 


N 


^ 


/A 


m^--^mi^.' 


TKk  "Yu.l,ti  Uli  CAKIX,"  y'L.tliinU-  <>t   AI'MIHAL  im  tiBAMB. 


pagcHnt  at  Ti-nipk  Kiirm  uiideil.     The  like,  ou  th«'  miiih*  spot,  will 
not  be  wiliii«ited  npiiii  iw  oue  htiiidn>d  yearr. 

In  the  ulU-ni'Miu.  Cliv  nnvnl  n-vicw  liHik  \>\hvv  in  the  prwriM-v  nf 
tfrowdd  liuin^  iIjc  liliiH's  oltlit*  rivw,  tind  ori-upyiug  thv  deck*>  of  iiuni- 
})it1i:!»»  nnfl  iiiicljored  in  llii-  Imi-liiir.  An  llii*  IVmidfUll  and  hi« 
)iKi-|y,  ill  a  j-tvam  yiirlit,  (>a!«sc4l  Croiii  une  of  tlif  I'ttilfd  Static  vcs- 
MfU  iji  iinDtlit-r.  (hi-  Miil^  »t'  t-iti-li  witi'  niitiirlci]  (ind  fiirlt>il  n^iii.  lb? 
vi»rd«  wcro  iimiiuH.  smUiWr  of  twenlynnw  giius  w»-lv  Rri'il.  Aud  with 


OUR  FRENCH   ALLIES. 


5fiS 


Ihi5  ufivnl  iliifptMr,  lirilliaiil  ji>  lliai  iil'  tlic  iiKiriiing.  rlrwcti  tlio  iialiounl 
cvnteiiaittl  comiDciiiontlioit  tif  tlir  KtirrorMlvr  <if  Yurklnwn  bv  Lord 
C*(H'iiwa]lii<  —  til*"  iin^tnoiiilinii  of  ii  iiitltuii'r'  Idpili. 

"So  uhvhI  bcvik;,  i:-(|iiiilly  cxtriling,  hud  \yevu  viinesavi}  \iy  tbe  citi- 
zens of  y<>rkl«»wii  diiipp  llio  flwl  ul'  Adniinil  i\v  Ctrastn*  roiitrnlled  tbe 
CltfMipi-iike  Uny,  tiiul  roopnl  tip  the  BritivH  ii()iiH«lr[iii  mi  llie  n'Htcra 
of  Vork  rivvr. 

Tliiir.'idnT  evoiiin;;,  us  enrly  Ait  «tx  o'duck,  lb«  rtteamera,  iiioliicliiig 
IfiL'  Kr<'nrJi  Nliipfl  ••Mnpciejiup  "  and  t lie  "  T>nTHfmf  d'Or^'illp,"  bear- 
ing [)if  I'nwideiil  iLiid  till'  nuiiimHi  ^ici^M  had  taken  their  dt^pnrlure. 
Hv  TiiPRdiir  night,  Orlnh<>r  2Im,  moxt  of  th(^  8tcnmera  and  mailing  ve9- 
seh,  tlutt  had  ^ivcti  life  to  Ibp  bttrtior,  were  go\w,  and  tbc  river  in 
front  ijf  the  14IWII  bud  ivHiinicd  itii  [i4)rniiil  condilioti .  At  the  Temple 
Ftinu,  little  iviiminvd  tu  rutniud  thv  vlsitur  of  lht>  QiHrtial  ditipluy  of 
Tliiirvdiiv.  .  Mu)m;uii)!>  of  i-iiriuttitit;»  vrvrv  vlufcd.  the  Jiiiineron^ 
Hinuveiiii'iitn  were  no  Igiiger  fiiniished,  wivypide  tratfie  had  ended, 
moiiiiti'liHnk  iMileflnien  witli  llieir  mnrvellnnn  riirativec,  primitive  lip- 
carlo  and  n'Mf^iiin,  laden  ivilli  il.'li;jliteii  familie*  uf  tin"  Afririiii  race, 
nrrnyed  in  tboJr  best,  drawn  by  itturdy  bt>vii>e!i  in  place  nf  horBe«, 
and  "  flitlen  to  do  cnmp  lo  ace  Oen'ral  Ilnneork  and  i\e  AOgcnt,"  lh« 
negro  taw  liirget,  at  wbieh  three  rnbl>er  balU  were  permitted  to  be 
ihrowti  "  for  the  f«ninll  mini  nf  bnlf  a  dime."  and  (i(!nr>'5  nf  other 
uovi-llie.o,  biul  dixnppeHnnl.  The  •=lrcel.«  nf  the  rpminl  old  vill»;p>,  io 
reveiilly  reMOiinditig  witli  rliv  nuirrimuiii  of  liiUu-ioii;*  atmii^crs,  had 
usBiimed  the  qni(;tiit>e»  of  a  p<uburbuu  uoimmuiity.  Xotliing  \mi  dust 
remained,  and  nf  thai  element  there  iviis  an  ample  -xtipply. 

l>»riiij;  the  eomniemointion,  llie  Mnore  Ilnni'e  where  tbe  Marqniti 
and  MarqniHe  de  Huehnmhentt  npeiil  ii  nij^bt  ti»  the  ilelighted  f^ie^lH 
of  Profesfior  Cbarlier  and  ("olcinel  T.  K.  Paytmi,  the  Cave  of  C-oru- 
walliia,  tbu  NuitiU'ri  MaDsion,  the  onginiil  Ciixtum  IIiniKe,  (uiid  to  h« 
one  of  the  eariieil,  if  not  tbc  fir«l,  erected  in  tbe  thirteen  rnlouiefl,) 
the  ancient  Kpi:*fnpa]  ("'bnrob.  bnill  in  1700.  the  tombs  of  ilu-  Nel- 
aons  near  by.  the  rcmnins  ot'  the  forlifieation*  of  I7ftl.  and  of  thoflt: 
of  more  recent  date,  and  eight  hronxe  caniinn  tnkeii  at  the  siege,  were 
objects  of  special  iiitcrert  to  rUrnngsre.  Jlany  reliej*  of  the  revolu- 
tionary period  were  exhibited.  Benide*  the  Kuord,  upanlctn,  cpnrs 
and  gturus  of  LieuCvnant-ColtniuI  Tilglimuu,  worn  by  bis  grusl- 
l/nindfi'it,  Colonel  OMwnld  Tilgbman,  and  ^leeve-hnttonR.  niudc  from 
lbo»e  lukeii  from  his  military  eoaC,  iiumerutiB  memi.-nlo»^  uf  (leneral 


RCA 


THE   TOI 


(Governor)  NelMn,  iiri-iicil  hy  a  (Icei-eiiditnl ,  w#rv  tliBpUreJ  in 
Lafajctte  Unll,  fintl  ntlrnctf?d  niiu'h  nttetitioD.  On  h*Mn\  the 
"  KxccUior,"  CJi-'tivnil  K'jgvnf.  it  tK-MTiiiUiil  i>r  W«j>liiii(?ioti.  fxJiib- 
tttnl  iiuiiiidiirt.'  |)cnirnit)',  imiiilt^l  wi  iv<irv."l'  W«fliiii(fton.  of  MnrlIiA. 
liM  wifp,  aiiit  uf  iivtHiiv  Wiii«hii))i1<iti  I^rkr  C'i>«li>*.  the  (it-ntral  H 
A(lo|itcrl  jinij.  Tlie«- wen-  |»iiii(eil  h_v  A  Indv,  uot  iiiiich  known  to 
funic,  mill  ni-fi  not  im-iitimM^d  in  tiny  account  of  llic  frnnilr  pntlmil'* 
thnt  I  liA^v  M-cii.  Mr  hImi  .showed  gt>\i\  fl\t'ex,v  nml  rollnr  biiituiui 
wuri)  by  ibi?  (ictiiTiiI,  rhc  i-()iii|in>'!i  unnI  by  liiin  in  )w  siirvcyi  in 
Wi'sictii  K'un^ylvniiiii.  while  •■  «iriiiii;i  ii  g^joil  tloiiblooii  uvery  day," 
unil  n  piiir  of  bm-kskin  glovt-s.  Tlicse  last  were  in  »  good  iftuti*  uf 
prc«fnalioii,  but  jud^fiog  from  llieir  eixe.  by  avtua)  trial,  (he  IimikU 
of  tbe  General  coubl  nut  bavi^  b«eu  wi  iiiiupiibUv  larpre  a»  tradition  htu 
afRnned. 

Rnnitf:   lar.AMi   RKfRni*E\TKi»  at  Tire  CRTrresNiAi.. 


Ko  oue  of  iltc  origiiitil  lliirleeii  Stfllcs  cDlen-t]  more  licartilr  into 
tlie  spirh  of  tlii!!i  coniTnoninrntioi)  ibau  did  Khodc  Ittland.  tiovcmor 
CharW  C.  Van  Zandl  <>xpri>.i.>M>d  \\in  mnlml  approval  nf  tlie  pinu, 
and  a^poiiiti-d  GciiKrul  Ilonitiu  Kogurv  a  Sialif  Coiuinissiuiier,  to  meet 
uud  act  wilU  the  ('i»tumiBf»iontrn  ot  other  States.  Goventor  Alfred 
U.  LitilctJLdd,  tlie  ^ucce^or  of  (loveruor  Van  Zandt.  waa  cquallr 
prompt  niid  active  iu  mi:*asur«s  to  in«el  the  wiplim  of  th«  Couimilto^ 
of  Cnngrc!^.  On  the  lOtb  i\!ty  nf  Dti't-nilwr.  I»H<I,  acroniimiiifd  by 
Griieral  Rogers,  W  iittj'iidrd  «t  ^Vu-ihiiiglou  ii  ntfeling  of  afticini  rejv- 
rt'stntativcs  of  tht^  several  Stntrs  and  of  Congrcas.  for  conference,  and 
botll  were  8uti»vquifntU-  uriwonrifd  in  thuir  offnrI«  to  luttkc  corlnin  of 
credit-nblp  n'|in^f>ciitniinn  Imm  tin-  Sinif.  From  I  he  imvpiion, 
Ij«iilcnant-Gorernar  Henry  H.  Fay.  (liHirnian  of  the  (.'oniuiilleo  oii 
ExfciitivL-  Conuiiiiuic-HliiiiiH.  look  im  active  iuteresi  in  the  miljiccl. 
In  II  r(!|)orl  uiade  by  biui  to  the  (ieiii'ral  AsKi-nildy,  he  urged  il  uf 
*'inipcrntiv«  thai  Rhode  l^lnnd  should  purlieiputv  in  tliis  luBt  of  the 
centcutun.1  ceWbrationc. "  Her  absence  wnuM  l>e  couspiemms  and 
dtsei'edituble,  mid  would  be  ini'ou>>iMent  with  llie  M'Dtiiut'ut?  »i  [>»Iri» 
otiani  and  local  pride  wliieli  |K<i'rade  the  mind*  iW  the  iwople  of  the 
State,  The  General  A.tHeinblv  wnrined  nii  iKp  subject,  aud  to  defray 
the  IHrCMsnry  expenm-s  ajipnipriated  livt  lb<nistiiirl  dollars. 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  565 


PARTICIPANTS     IN    THE    YORKTOWN    TRIP- 

His  Exrellency  Governor  Alfre<l  H.  Littlefield,  accompanied  by  his 

wife. 
General  Horatio  Rogers,  State  Commissioner. 
Honorable  Joshua  M.  Addeman,  Secretary  of  State. 

"  John  P.  Sanbom,  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives: 

"  Ciiarles  H.  Handy,  Chairman  Senate  Military  Committee. 

"  James  David,  Chairman  House  Military  Committee. 

Mr.  A.  H.  Littlefield,  Jr. 

Brigadier-GcnQral  Klisha  H.  Rhoiles,  Commanding  Brigade,  R.  I.  M. 
Lieutenant-Colonel    Philip    S.    Cbase,   Assistant    Adjutant-General, 

Brigade,  R.  I.  M. 
Brigadier-General  C.  Henry  Alexander,  Adjutant-General,  R.  I.  M. 
Liuutenant'Colonel  William  W.  Douglas,  Assintant  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral. R.  I.  M. 
Brigiidier-tleneral    Charles    R.    Dennis,    Quartermaster-General, 

R.  I.  M. 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Stephen  W.  Nickerson,  Assistant  Quartermaster- 

Genenil,  R.  L  M. 
Brigailier-General  Julin  C.  Budloug,  Surgeon-Geueral,  R.  I.  M. 
Lieutenant-Colonel   (ienrge   L.    (iower.   Assistant   Judge- Advocate, 

R.  I.  M. 
Colonel  Henry  A.  Pierce.     Aid-de-Camp, 
Elien  X.  Littlefield, 
Ciiarles  H.  Williams.      ■'  " 

"      Jolin  F.  Clark.  " 

■'       E.  Charles  Francis,         "  " 

"       Julm  C.  Soabnry,  "  " 

Three  colored   serrants. 

The  "  Providence  Journal  "  was  i-epresented  in  the  party  by  Mr. 
Kdward  I*.  'I'oMe.  ami  the  '"Providence  Press"  by  !Mr.  Ansel  D. 
Nickerson. 

The  Governor's  escort  consisted  of  Company  D,  Captain  Fred  W. 
Jenckes,  and  Company  F,  Captain  Charles  Rittmann,  both  of  the 
Second  Biittnlion  of  Infantry.  R.  I.  M.  The  field  aiid  stnfl'  and 
non-oominissioned  stafi'-otlieers  of   this  battalion  were  as  futlows  : 


5eii 


THB   YORKTOWW  CENTBSNTAU 


Licuicttunl-CnloiM-l  BeiiJHMiiu  It,  Mnrtiii,  C'HHiiiiiHiiiIinx  Hitttntion, 
Ktrel  Licutonanl  W.  Howunt  Wwlktr.  A<ljiUaMl, 
*'  "  C)iftrli>i>  S.  DhvoI,  (Jiiarlfrnm^lcr. 

CliRrlcji  B.  MnllirwjioiK  SurjieoD, 
JoM'pli  A.  ElwfU,  I*«ymHflli*r, 
"'  **  Burthuluuiow  McSdU'v,  ( 'itniiuii^Mrv « 

'^  *'  Williiiru  A.  Kniitti.  Svif;c«til-MiOor, 

-  •'  "         Krecl.  W.  Arnolil.  Ho^piUll  StewaH. 

The  Ameriam  Bdud,*  of  l^rovidunce,  aecimiiMinieil  llic  escort,  mdiI 
by  llie  dupertnr  ext^llenra  of  iu  mnsic  rL-poiwd  (torn  iidiitiring  liitteit- 
vrs  fpi-i'jii]  ciirimiiiini.a.  The  rntonr  to  the  cwort  u'lut  Mr.  JuMpb 
K.  Dispemi.  of  Puwiurkt-t. 

Tlif  fiilin-  pnrly  iiiimln'ri'd  one  hauilretl  Hitd  fitVy-«igli(.     U  left 

PrfpviiJtfiitv  by  iIil-   Ni-w  Vork  iini!  Xew  Kugland  railnmd,  Suiids/i 
e%'eriii)g.  Oi-l<iltvr    UUIi.     Al    Buluiiiun-  it  rcivivvd  t(u&|iitElili*  tilt«D-< 
tiuns  from    tlie   Finii   Mnrylnnd   rcgimvul.       PiirsulDg  it«   ruiitv   l>y 
water,  llit^'  HliixU-  Ii^laiid  rf|)n-wiilalivi.*»  riiK'he<l  tti?  vncHiiipmeiit  at 
Yorktowii    cm   Tiiesday  iiMirniny,  i)cl«»lMT   IHtli.     Tlin-v  dnys  previ- 
ously,  Genera)   Rogcra,   C'<duiicl   Ilciiry  A.  Pien-e,  and  a  detail  of 
enlisted  men  prcfedfd  tlicm  and  inadir  nr^dfnl  proparation;*  for  their 
comfort.      Tri  llie  euergy  und   zvh\   uf  {'tdoDcl   Picn-e.  who  made  ■ 
visit  to  Vorklovrn  at  nii  ejirlier  ]wriod.  to  enmire  successful  prepara- 
tion, tlie  Khodt'  I>'lai)d  dt'K'Stt[i«iii  \v«.h  Iflrgely  iudebted  for  Kudiug, 
ilivir  niiarti.T!'  nil  ready  fur  ihtir  (.■omiiig.     To  Geuuralfl  Bnnniy  and 
DeDtiis  much  eivdit  vrue  duo  fur  their  servlcett  in  makiug  uecessary 
arrangements  for  the  comfon  of  thv  purty  while  tn-rvtUt  and  duringj 


*'rhu  lupinbrr*  nl  (lie  limiiil  wrre  ' 
t>avl(I  \V.  Ittnoa,  Lmilrr,        llowrn  K.  I'liiirrli, 


Wminmil,  Alwlle*, 
Kugnw  A.  HiMwarlli, 

John  W.  CmMo, 
CIHTt-niw  H   Couk. 
Albm  U<.-l*f , 
Eilwlri  A.-SMlt, 


•lull  II  t)n<Il4fr'l>i 
■Ininr-t  MH'iibp, 
AllglKllJt  ili-ririK, 
Juhti  IjHWrvlicv, 

iVllllom*.'.  llrlttou. 
KtbtiB  I).  Ki-iij'oii, 
l.ituii  Najiulron  llelxiiiji.  ^rum  Xitji'T. 

BbiIiIp'  tijv  PniTlilfiiri?  Amrdraii  lUnd,  tin*vii  odipr  bauili  wm  jirvKnt,  vU. !  \i*t  tlrll 
Unllrd  XlNtu*  ATilllvTr;  the  Xurfh  Carolina  H^UIe;  llilnl  United  )^IM»<  ArtlUprjr;  Colnm. 
bIftfS.  C)  >ililrt-rl'oriiPl;  *<fiiii<1  I'liiriit  Stnlri  Arlillf-n  .  flflh  n>ffla3«Bt  XujlBlUl  N.  (i. : 
tenUi  I'nlltd  ^tal*'*  Inraalrv ;  Itrunrn'*  IlrlgiiUv,  Uoitun ;  t'lillvd  it^tvm  Harln*,  WMhlng • 
toa;  thirtl  Brfrlmiriit.  N«ir  llAiep«lil» ;  nm  and  onii  Ucctsicni),  Vatnont  ^  dra  Uast. 
uifut,  i:uiiiU<Yikut;  Builuii  t"»iJi't,  nutlwurlh'*,  New  York;  Wt«*iNi«  legion  LMroM. 


I'nrrolJ.  i'uIieOk 

TlwaiM  Donlflui, 
ThomM  Fooku. 
.lolin  Oilt-miati, 
Iliuiklrt  W.  WheMvB, 
Abiui  W.  n^trnxA, 
iHMcW.bMjr, 
Robert  C.  Spink. 
BilnnI  IL  itaboock,  Stt»ar4. 


OUR   FRENCH   AIJ.tK3. 


3(i7 


tlieir  »tuy  at  YorktowD.  The  ciiiup  of  Colonol  Maniu'f  ItHtUlitm 
WM  on  or  near  thp  spot  (Kftipiwl  hv  Coluavl  JwrciniHli  OlKej"'"  regi- 
mtnt  during  tlie  niegc  of  Vorklown  in  17K],  nnil  Itiis  f«ii  miwl  linvi' 
I'ltllod  ii|t  jjiiti'iutic  rL-miiiiBiiviK-cA  of  iIumc  evontlul  dtn>.  'Die  well 
arranged  qiiHrlers,  lli«>  »il«nii(l«nt  ^tupjilv  m  the  Pf>minini-ai-T  ili-pnn- 
mciit.  till' i>XH(-tru'(ui  iti  drill,  niicl  ><nlHii>rly  limi-inK  <>>' >!■''  Imtliilinii, 
;;>tiiii:il  tur  it  gohU'ti  ojiiriiuiii'  fnHii  critical  itlMvrverc.  'I'lic  inter' 
rtirtiigp  of  cniiruisiis-  with  laMglilwririj'  iv«inH-iit8  was  in  vvt-ry  rcHpecI 
tiriitilyuig.  It  limy  Ife  uiviilinijvj.  »;•  un  illuHtrnliuu  nt'  the  Hpirit  tbat 
ilikttiiiiultnl  tliriiiitfliviil  llirt  fii(-ani]imuiit,  tliiit  n  pL-rntiatk'  by  tliv  Pruvi« 
ilence  Anit-tti-xii  hatxl.  (-<mi|iliii]fiili4ry  l<)  ttu-  ellirit^iit  Hiwt^t-31aJor 
L.  C.  Ktn-nytli.  »(  lln"  ( jiiartwi  mft»^«^■^  .itf[)«i-tmeut,  I'uilei)  Slatea  itriuy, 
fuiiDil  A  i*oiiiitvrp»rt  iu  a  *iiiiilHr  i:-uiiiplitiii.-iil  to  ftov«ruor  Liltlefielfl 
bv  n  Virfpiiii-i  haiiil. 

<>ii  TburnHljiy  iit'tt-nionii.  Dftobi-r  21(I]i,  imiiKtlititfly  Hficr  lln*  imval 
ilinpliiy  niit[  national  .^aliK)-  1>j  tlic  Dntiiili  An^,  itii.'  Itiitlulion  bmkf 
I'aiiip,  mid  Hfl  Dtil  for  liiimc.  wlicre  it  iirrivi-il  tm  tin*  following  Satur- 
fluy  UHtmin^.  (Ju  lUa  way.  ii  frw  buurs  witp  pjh-uI  in  Italtiinuiv. 
Mlicrv  htglily  upprceiatrd  li>i!>}>jtiililift^  wlt<-  ngsiii  'cu<ivn>i|  by  the 
Firtli  Marylaml  reginuMit.  Tin*  trip  oi'  nenrly  i»ix  tlayf'  duration 
wu«.  (u  lilt'  eiitiru  i1'eU-|;al iui] .  »  m-iiMMi  of  iim)uulifi«(l  enjoymenl- 
lluw  tfoiilil  it  hM%'i- bvt*!!  '(tliwHise ?  They  liad  inel  and  frateniiz**! 
iimlrr  tin-  tlii^  u!"  tin'  I'niun,  wilfi  niilicary  n'|>rc*(^iilalivc»  of  llit' 
original  tliirtt-on  Stales.  Thuy  Imit  iiiHi-clivil  uwr  llie  |ii'(».slrale  ram- 
partfl  of  CWnwalliB.  IV-y  had  visited  the  lionae  where  one  hundrei! 
years  ln*furf  lln'  u-nii."  i>f  cHpiiulniiiHi  weri'  i«i|inii*<I.  They  liiid 
cncAmpeti  nn  llii!  tield  wiuns  in  ihc  piv^cnce  of  Wa.-«liingtot]. 
KoeliamlH'nu.  lyHl'iiycHw,  and  iIk-  pnin'ij)iil  offiwrs  of  llie  Ammcau 
and  I'lvneli  ariuii-!!.  netifvnl  O'Hnrn.  in  tin.*  name  of  Loifl  Coniwal- 
lis,  »iii'ri'[nli  Trii  iIh-  swi.rd  uf  tlinl  (lenerHl  iti  (leneral  LitU'nln.  »nrl 
where  the  British  IriHip)i  laid  down  tlivir  iimu>.  Tht^y  lind  flhaken 
htilidn  ti'llh  llti-  di-secndiiiitii  of  Itii'ii  wlin  fuijght.  iturlh  iilid  nuutli.  in 
the  principid  ImtilL^  of  tliL-  Ki-voltilinij,  They  had  rtL-i-ii  and  i>itlut«-d 
the  Tre»idcm  i>f  tin-  I'nited  .StHtefi.  ihti -members  of  hid  mbinel, 
ambuiMudniii  from  ti^n-i^n  i-nnrix.  and  n'presenlativeft  nf  thi-  nyble 
nllit!*.  wln>,  at  a  oriiicul  jiincinru.  mnn-  m  lUv  i^ii|viiurl  of  ili«  Aiia<ri- 
can  uruiH.  TIikv  laid  luoke^l  upon  ihu  ;^|K)(  u|k>u  which  n  ualioual 
i-vmniL-nmrative  niuni<nit.-iil  Wfu>  tuion  to  be  erct-ieJ.  They  hud  swu. 
i»u  tlw  »»aleP'    iif  lUi"    Yurk,  vUK   of  till,'    jfrsiidepl    imv«l    i-xliilMlinns 


5fiS 


SNTSNN'IAt,. 


rcmnltsl  in   ARi(>rkitii  bislHry.     And  Ihey   lintl  i>iiriiri[uup(l  in  an 

imprvA-tivt'  hci  tif  (-(iiirlrcv — hii  (•xiin-wion  iif  niilioiml  gnttd-nitl  — 
I'l  oiM- wIhim-  I'li^l  lilt-  niid  donu'^tii- \irtui;t<'  will  fvcr  eiidvHr  li*fr 
iKiUH'  lo  thv  AiiieriPiiii  (xiiplo.  In  n  woikI.  tliey  hnil  bcvii  vv«r>'lliing 
wurliiv  uf  iiulv,  iiu  «-uitUMltii>»  IiH<l  uri-uriv<I.  Hiiil  ii<itl>in|f  Ui»\  tnkeii 
|iliid.*  ill  (-iitiiji  iir  flcs-wiifiv  III  li-iiiK'r  lliv   itH-nlWliutii'  "(  YnrkUiwu 

■  tlllvr  tllNII    ])l«HkUllt. 

Till-  »-iiU-iiilful  iHfliitiifiiiOmtiiiii,  uf  H'liii-li  till-  |)ri-4-rtliii)£  iitvoiiilt  i» 
liiil  III)  oiiilim*.  wii!*  finxri'd  tlinitij^li  witli  wfuiiiigly  as  few  vexntioiiH  t« 
iIh'  Hcvcnil  x-uuiniiui'fH  linvitij;  it  in  r)inr^>  nn  i'i>ii1<l  l>i'  i-xpt'i-n-il  iti  it>n- 
iliiL'Cti)<;  iiu  t-iiLLT()rL«-  oi'  Mirli  niu'tiiitudf.  Tin;  vffvci  uf  ii  Iihh  lieeu 
In  t]iii('ktiii  urid  ntri-ii^^livn  ii  ilfvtiliun  Id  ilii'  I'tiiou  uf  lliv  Slntvii.  uud 
In  ffnipni  iiioiv  Hrnily  llif  triciul^liiii  of  lW(t  jtinvt-rrnl  n'piililifji.  Tlic 
liiittury  ul'  llii-  rtiiti'd  .Slnlt'.t  I'nim  1781  Ui  1*4HI  ifudit  ut>  tin  iult-ni^i- 
tli'il  ruiiiHiici*.  Ill  tliul  pL-riml,  **  ihi*  pivpuiiiutij*  uf  ibv  itfiitiuvul 
hnvf  Im'vii  ivihict'il  into  svniiiielry,  luiil  iti"  bunuillc:^^  rt-soiirw!*  U-vn 
iiiudt-  lo  pHV  tribute  iinl  only  lur  tin-  H<lvjiiK-«mi>iil  of  tW  fwi>plf  in 
l>io»e  c<iinE'(»rl«  vrhicli  rclim*  Atid  lOpvHte,  wid  mtkit  up  Iiu*  delinitUm 
of  riviliwd  life.  Iiiil  whicli  go  to  "twell  h  nation'A  givAtnfM  aiid  mark 
ii8  fhiff  jilory."  •  May  ilie  nt-xt  liiindred  ^-onra  find  lhi»  ^jroftlneM 
uiid  {r)un'  tttil)  mlvaiicing. 


■Uvvmuir  HoUldttr. 

XoiK.— To  th«Kh«cle  liland  Midety  of  Ihr  riaclnnall  bHomc*  tix- honor  of  •■  Inltfn 

(l«r  miiTcmoiit  whlcli  Ird  I'onprcM  tq  pmt»  ali  nd  buIIiofUIiih  ilir  I'rPildrDi  at  Ibr  IliiUrd 
ftitlci  to  liiiilc  11k  KuvprnnK^iil  ol  Ilic  l^nEli  rrpubllc  '*tn  •*'iii)  ■  xillMblv  fvprcM  Dint  ion 
IWini  thr  KrcDBh  arm;  and  naTf  to  tlic  crlrlinirioii  nt  Vnrkdiivn,"  Srt  -  yorilinfti  llan-t 
Root:." PI'-  m-JJl. 


VISIT 


OF 


The  French  Delegation 


RHODE    ISLAND, 


OCTOBER    :I0  — NOVEMBER    3, 


leei. 

72 


THE  FRKN'CII  GUESTS  IN   NEWPORT. 

18SI. 


rllE'N  il  ln-'conii-  ccrlaiu  tlml  ili*  rcpublif  of  Frnnce  would 
cmid  ivprt'seiiiativcs  tu  juiii  iii  the  Yorktown  rommcitiornlion,  Gov- 
enior  I.ktlt'Relcl  was  iiutliorixRd  by  ilie  General  AseemUy  lo  invite 
ibc  tkli'gatiou  to  \  i»il  Khuilv  Inlaud,  duriiig  itc  pnjouru  ia  the 
l''Diti>d  Sliitoj!,  &»  guc'slK  of  ilif  Slule.  This  \k  did.  mid  tlif  invita- 
tion was  aweptinj.  After  llie  rvveptioii  given  lo  tbe  foreign  delcga* 
tiuti  in  Kicliiiiund.  it  wh9  liancl»oniely  recciwd  iit  Wnsbtiij^ou. 
SubBC(|U(!iiUy,  lli4>  FrHiicli,  Mtiil  (trnniui  tiK'nibftri)  of  it  ^epnmted, 
—  the  formor  bending  thfir  »n»p«  to  New  York,  on  iKcir  way  to 
Newport,  nud  the  latter,  in  a  lilia]  HpiriC.  viNiifiig  the  griive  uf  their 
brave  auceator,  the  Baron  do  Steuben.  Tben«r  they  journeyed  oo  to 
Chii'ogo.  tu  Springfiiibl.  Illinois.  whLrf  they  stopped  long  ennngh  to 
visit  the  tomb  and  niunumcnl  ut^  Frcitidcnt  Lincoln,  to  Kt.  I^ui?. 
wbore  ihey  w«9rc  (•nthiiRin.ttit-iilly  riH-eived,  and  to  other  principal 
pluui'8  in  tbo  great  Wfat, 

In  accordance  Mjth  llii.-  ruiwlulion  pastwd  by  the  General  Anembly 
HUthorizing  tite  Governor  to  invite  the  reprenentalfven  of  FrBoce  to 
vi»it  Ilhode  Ifbitid.  Hij"  Excellcuey  appf)iii1r-d  the  ffillowitig  named 
ritixetiA  as  nirnilKTo  of  tli(>  comniittei-  to  itMiiiH  bim  in  entertaining 
tb«  gueMa  ol'  the  State,  viz. : 

Hon.  William  P.  Sheffield,  of  New-pc^n. 

Lii-ult'»Hnt-(  loveriior  Kenry  ]l.  Fny,  of  Newport;, 

Hon.  Nathnnii-d  Gi-cciie.  of  Mtddletowi], 
•Davirl  King,  M.  1)..  of  Newport, 

Henry  E.  Turner,  M.  I).,  of  Newport, 

*  David  Kln(,.lr ,  wucubnqnMttJj  appolaudl)!  p\v»  ol  til«  tkulirr,  d«ii— mil. 


5T2 


rRENCH  HDEfiTa  IN  RHODE  ISLA3TD. 


(ieorgtf  Peabodv  Wplraore.  Enq.,  of  Kcwporl. 

Ex-Goveriior  Williiim  W.  llnppin.  of  Providoiirf , 

Ex*GoTi'rnor  Henn-  Ijppiil.  of  Providtrnw;, 

Ex-Gm'ornor  Henry  Howard,  of  Covontry. 

Hon.  TtmmHJi  Durlut.-,  ol  Providcniv. 

Hou.  CliHrleii  S.  Bradlev,  of  Provi<](>Due. 

Hod.  ThoiuM  A.  Doyle,  of  Providviive, 

Hou-  A(is»«>>t'*  O.  Bourn,  of  Bristol, 

Hoyiil  C.  Tni\,  ^>||.,  lit"  lVi>*uU-iiw, 

Rev.  RKckic]  G.  Hol)ii)»uu.  D.  U.,  LL.  D.,  of  Pi-ovidtmoc, 

Colonel  Wniiniii  Go*l«l«rfl,  of  Wnrwick. 

Geneni)  Homlio  Itogcr.-*,  o\'  Prnviilpiice, 

Hon.  Henr}'  R.  Mercnlf,  of  l'AWtiirk«t. 

Hon.  RowlmiJ  Hiir.ntt1.  uf  Suutli  KiiigHlowu, 

Ik'/ckiflh  C'uiiHiit,  F^(|..  uf  I^uimIii. 
I(  niipL-tire  lo  Iiuvl*  Wuii  tbi-  iirigimU  iutuiitiuu  of  ilic  delegulion  w 
pi-OfCfd  dirwiiy  fn«ni  Noiv  Yurk  to  Newport,  and  Iheoce  repair  lo 
Baltinion-,  WtuilnDgtMU  Hitd  Vurklown,  but  tiputi  diiv  conaidcrKlioii 
hy  lh«  con^rL'HsiouRl  mminissiun,  it  wnv  ttcmucd  bual  tlmt  Ibe  New* 
|>on  vi^it  i^lwKild  Im'  di^fcnvil  tmlil  nftrr  (In-  Ytirktonti  cfli^briilion.  A 
piiitilnr  opinion  Iivhji  viitfrtAiiurd  by  tlu-  (rovortior  of  Rhode  Islaud. 
nnd  by  tli(^  Suit-  committov.  A  c-nmmillee,  itonMMing  of  the  Hon. 
('hftrK'!«  S.  Hrfidli'v,  llowknd  Hnzartl,  Kxij.,  mid  Gcorfr*  IViibody 
W't'tniorv,  K*4].,  WM!"  lliLTi'foiv  uppointcd  In  viitJl  Xi>w  York,  upon  ihc 
nrrivnl  tlier?  of  tbu  Frcurli  dclpgHtiuii,  lo  finiBiilt  with  il  upon  the 

)4uhjl-fl . 

On  tlie  uvviiing  of  October  iihh  the  Kreui-h  giie*li«,  »cc«iupanied 

by  n  Rfiwlt*  IstHiid  i-omiiiittfw  i-ousiAtiug  of  Lieiiteoant-Oovernor 
Fsy,  I>iiviil  KIii;r,  .Ir..  K"'!-.  itinl  Sfimloi- Au({imliis  O-  Bcmrii.  who 
rfi[)itiivil  U\  Nfw  Viirk  for  Ihal  [HirjinAo,  took  Ilirir  dt;pniiiirf  on 
board  che  sttramcr  "  IVovidcncc,"  flying  the  Amflrirnii  and  French 
fla^K,  nnd  the  lu-xl  iitorning  (Siinday)  Utklod  ai  Kewpcirt.  Xo  spe- 
cial «'renionic?8  wnv  ilu-ii  obsfrvcd.  Tbi-  foivign  party  ontt-red  rar- 
ringes,  anil  rode  dlivctly  to  flftrirnnn's,  where  it  bntakfofstcd,  nnd 
atlerwards,  at  the  hour  uf  divnit-  wrvici',  altrnded  Masf  oi  St. 
Mttfj-'s  churirb.  Al  noon  it  wiif  nillcd  upon  by  ihi'  Hou.  William 
1',  Shefflt'W,  and  by  the  otln-r  ntemhcm  of  the  Statn  eonimitleo 
re«iidcut  iu  the  city,  nnd  wn-s  forniHUy  Jutrctdured  to  tbcm.  The 
wenthirr  was  unfavorabU-  for  Ireiug  ubrijud,  but  sub»v(|iiL*iil!y  to  ibU 


OUR  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


573 


intervieir,  tl)i>  guests  took  carriages  and  TiBtted  tbe  rarious  point*  of 
inlorp*t.  A  [lortion  of  tltvm  wii»  entertiiiu«d  bv  Mr.  James  Gordon 
Hcnnett,  nt   '■  Stooe  Villa.** 

On  Mondiiy,  OctoWr  SUt,  Governor  Liltlefleld,  on  board  tbe 
rtlfamer  "  Bay  I^uhjh,"  vUited  New^lOl■^.  to  extend,  in  l>ehiilf  of  the 
Smio,  II  Mfk'iunK'  to  tho  rtpn'-enlativts  nf  ihf  French  rvpublit!.  He 
was-  Bt'conipnniftl  by  iIr'  mcmbfi>  of  |Ir>  Grnt-Tul  Ai<M-mLly  and  by  th« 
folluwiiij:  named  uffiinnifi  and  giiet^l]^ :  The  Hon.  NfUtin  W.  Aldrlcli, 
L-iiiluU  Statf*  Sviiiitwr;  tiw  IIou.  JuhUiui  M.  Addemnii,  Sptrutury  of 
•Stftte ;  tli<r  Hon.  SKiiiiif]  Cbirk,  Gcnt^rul  Tn.>MBun.>r;  ihi.'  Hon.  Joel 
M.  Sptnuer.  Stutv  Andilur ;  t'u!iiiii'l>  Fii?n.*f  iiiui  Williams.  i>t'  tho 
Govomor'a  iHT»omil  snilf;  (^uurtt-nnnBter-GeutTiiI  Charlea  R.  Den- 
nis; A**>iittiiiit  Quni1frmK#tt>r-Gi-n<.'rul  Stqitieii  Vi'.  Hivk^non  ;  Gen* 
eral  William  \V.  IJoiii;Ihs  ;  .Imlgie  Advoinre  tieniTnl  Joint  F.  Tobey  ; 
Awintunt  Judgf  AdvciL'iiif  (iuiicra!  GtHirge  L.  Gower;  Surgeon  Gen- 
eral John  C.  Bitdiong-:  KrigAdicr-GcD^-al  Elisha  H.  Khodcs  and 
Hinff ;'  the  Hiin.  ■\Villiiim  S,  Hny  wnrd.  Mayur  «if  Providonrr  :  Henry 
V.  A.  JopHii.  (.'ity  C'li-rk  cif  I*riiviilKnn' ;  thi'  Kpv.  Frfldvpii*  Deuisou  ; 
ChriBttiphiT  K.  Holdfii.  ShurilT  ul'  I*rovideufv  fuuuly :  the  Hon. 
Rowlniid  Elnjcid-il  iind  C'ulynMl  William  Goitdtwd,  of  that  |mrt  of  the 
r«iinniUt»^c  wli'n'b  liad  i-b«rg<'  of  tbe  aiTanjjt'i inputs  in  Newport  ;  the 
Hon.  Thomua  A.  Doyle,  t'lmirman ;  ox-Gownior  Henry  Llppilt; 
ex-Gu»ernf*rH*'tii-v  Howard  :  cx-Governur  WilUtim  \V.  Hoppin  ;  the 
Hon.  Henry  H.  Mclralf;  the  Mmi.  t^hnrlc-  Uradh-y  ;  Royal  C.  Toft, 
K«q.,  of  that  portion  nf  the  oommitlt«  I'cdding  in  Providence  connty, 
which  httd  charge  of  ihe  an'an;;;emenl»  uml  esopripeft  in  Providence; 
tlic  Ck-rkx  of  the  .Si-nal<.-  nnd  of  the  Ilou;^'  of  Kepn'i'entHLi%'vR.  The. 
ateamer  van  gnily  decked  with  flnps,  among  which  the  iri-eolor  was 
prominent. 

NutwitL}<tiinding  the  uuprupiliou^  wvnihvr.  therv  waa  a  very  good 
atieadnnee  of  the  members  of  the  Legintatai'e.  The  Governor  waa 
received  nl  the  dnt-k  by  Lienten(vnt-(»overuor  Fay  anil  General  Barney. 
TIh-  {run  sqiiml  iif  Ihi?  Nunpini  Ar(iilery  fired  the  iiisual  luiliile.  Abont 
twenty  earriap;*^  were  iu  waiting  Ut  convey  the  G">vern<ir  and  State 
ofBcial^.  'I"lic'  wholp  wft!«  escorted  by  the  Newport  Artillery*  com- 
pany, Colonel  Fearing,  ««mmanding.  The  »trecl«  were  crowdod, 
and  many  French  and  Americj»n  fiagi*  were  flying  lo  the  breeze. 

■ur  GdirnU  Kboiln'  ttnll  thirtncrv  prticnl  Llculemtnl  ColonrI  llilllp  !j,  Oia"-,  Major 
Wminin.I.IlrBilfonl.raptalii*  Johii.I..Imi^kp>,  r.  (TI>n-nccUnK*on,J<)hn  llowc,  Tlieodorp 
A.  BkHgn,  Il«nry  W.  Tarnum,  WlUlam  D.  ItMor  and  Thonuu  W.  Manclintar. 


574 


FRENCH  orSSTB   IX   RHODE   ISLAXD, 


PrtHNwding  ill  |>rort<etf!on  to  ihp  State  Hiium,  tbe  iuUiriur  of  which 
«-ii;ii  uuU'fuUy  <)L-v<>niU'iI  with  Fivitc-h  ntid  Amcric-tiii  fiiigs,  ihi-  Frpiirli 
viaitun>  ^peul  H  shi>it  tiiiiv  in  iiii<)>i.>ctiiig  iho  building  occupied  a  buu- 
drud  yvan  beion;  tm  a  huspilal  tor  wtldivrs  Kud  sailore  of  t\w  Frvuch 
Hrrov  iiiiii  Diirr.  In  thv  wiiutv  clmmlivr  lliffir  nll^-iitioii  "«»»  parttcu* 
IhtIv  HiTi'Mrd  Ijv  -Stiinrt*»  xdniinildt?  lil'i^-viz*!  (HirlrMil  af  Waxbini^luu. 
in  which  thej  appeared  to  takv  jrreNi  interett.  Tlie  Freuch  delega- 
tion was  ill  uuifut-tii.  i>xci-|)f  MiniDUT  (JiiUi;y,  wbu  wu8  in  ritizcn's 
dn-fls.  Ill  thf  ivpn*!tfiilaiivfs'  clmmlK-r,  wtiHit*  t)iv  official  reivmo- 
nica  of  wi>]n>niv  took  plaiu*,  (toreriiiir  LitlU'lield  ucrupivd  tb«  chair, 
with  l.i(M)tfimtil-<iov4'niur  Fnv  mid  Suiiutor  Aldricli  uri  bi«  iC'ft,  nod 
riiicf-JiiKliiT  DiirlW  nud  SviTflnrv  of  Stuu-  AddentHii  on  his  right. 
M.  t>mri'v  and  ibt!  FmiiOi  dt'lvgiiliou  mvupttKl  ^ll•al^  in  front.  They 
wcrv  liral  luIdrvK^ed  hy  the  liun.  William  F.  Slu-tHi'ld,  in  an  oxtviidml 
»^-i-L-Ii,  n-pk-lf  witli  lii»turii.'<il  iviniuiM.-viHH:!',  und  ivuduring  a  warn 
tribute  tu  [he  services  of  the  Freiicb  army  and  navy,  from  the  urriral 
at  Newport  uf  Count  D'KslMing.  in  177f,  until  the  capture  of  York- 
Uiwn,  iu  17H1.      AdilrcHstiig  M.  (hitrer,  iii  cluNin^,  be  tutid : 

"  WnrB  it  nut  for  llii'  icrmt  dliitinrttoii  «r\qiiln>cl  hy  Voiir  Esvrllvnry  in  j-our 
Dative  country,  and  the  high  onic«  you  hold  from  r»nM,  wo  ftltould  be 
atronicly  Incllued  to  claim  you  as  a  Khodo  InlftDdor  by  ulopitoa.  for  the 
itraiiilfiiihiir  vi  jmui  clillOrcn,  Ihv  boh  of  a  revolutionary  officer,  ww  boro  In 
Nowjiort,  him]  t1i«  gT«'iit-|{niDillatlier  uf  your  vxei'Ueul  lady,  Jolin  Innto 
CUrke,  was  an  I'liilnent  rltlwfn  nml  Icndiuic  n*voliitl<irMr.v  (intifut  reahleul  in 
Pro  vide  111*!'. 

"  I  havn  rvuallati  some  of  llie  tncKlent«  whluli  i«ad  to  aliov  tlie  relallun* 
wblchhavc  cxiitcd  Imtwecu  tb«  peupir  of  Rhodo  Inland  and  the  pec^Ie  of 
Frnnf  i>.  ThLt  don«  I  haT^.  to  mv.  the  dlaUagulihed  honor  of  prwi^niliig  you. 
Doi  an  stranftorij,  for  tho  rcprvsuntBtlreH  of  Prance,and  «ap«clally  tlw  kindred 
nf  LBf&yetle,  Itocbanibpku,  i1«>  Pereitc,  I>'E«ruIu|t,  de  Temay.  l>ealouchen,  ■]>! 
BuTTUi,  and  tlii-lr  Umvt-  ciiinimiiious-iuHiriiiii,  I'jin  nt^vcr  lip  HtcuDRera  lo  tlw 
people  ol  Itliodc  IiUnd,  dcuncndanU  ot  tho  pAtriots  of  tho  R«roliition,  to  Ula 
Excellency  Alfred  H.  Llulefleld,  (ioverncir.  and  In  the  niemben  ot  tbe  two 
houses  of  the  Ovneial  Auemhly  here  |>re!teQl,and  ilie  Governor  will  bow 
hava  the  aupiwiiui  KBtiNf»ctton  of  w«lpiimInK  yon  to  oitr  tittlitcomninnwitvUh." 

At  the  cloM*  of  Mr.  Sheffield's  addretw,  which  waa  listened  to  with 
ittrict  atlenlinn  and  received  with  applnmti-,  Iliii  Excellency  Governor 
Littlefield.  iu  extending  lo  the  distinguished  guc«t4  the  Stale  w«l> 
come,  spoke  m  follows : 


OUR   PRBNCH  ALLIES. 


575 


TMK    liOVKKKUKN    AUUKKX*. 


"ItRtreauie  (treul  plvasun  to  wvkoino  Your  Exccll«a(.-y  uud  UiD  gootlc^ 
BMn  witli  :rnn  Co  the  Stau,' of  Rliode  Island,  and  Co  Invite  you  to  stiare  lu 
bofpitiUity.  Tbr  CI«Deral  Aueitibly.  iu  tb«  rvnolutluiiit  ii1  th«  ItMt  Juue  »r*- 
■  Ion,  requesUiiK  in'  to  cxUmuI  Ihi*  invitntior.  rtiforrvil  in  fltling  phrase  to  thf 
i-ordial  iTUupt^rarioo  ntiil  Invcilnablo  MrrvlC'Va  tflndorcd  b^  jroiir  countrymen  to 
uuc  (ittticna  iti  th«  KwoliiUoi),  in  ihc  lime  o(  (lit-tr  Kreat  dl^inMH.  On  tbolr 
firaC  tirnval  within  thu  liuiltHof  uur  RUtv  llilucilj-  vin»  In  the  haiiilB  ut  tbe 
enemy,  and  ItA  people  w^i«  mished  hAiH-ATh  Uie  >i«'v«ritf  of  thir  oipttrilj. 
But  by  tlw  |tra!toU';>]  oT  tlin  Fri-iich  fleet  on  thi;  tuusl,  tlio  Dnimiy  wi-ri:  fori'vd 
to  evimiato  Newport  forever.  On  Ih*  arrival  ot  Die  fleet  In  I7W),  brluglnK 
Cotint  Rm-liaintx'itii  an<l  Ijim  gallant  aMtoi'tatva,  they  ytnre  lierv  ret-elved  with 
the  h*fArlWt  driiiDiutrwEiuna  ut  joy.  Tbr  (ifmcra)  Awtntiibly  plw-cd  iiim>u 
r«coid  their  ftpimciaUon  ol  tht  valur  at  the  prcaiMice  and  «frvii«)i  of  Ihfllr 
wuluutuv  altisH.  Your  olHien  found  a  cordial  vrelcoiue  in  tht  hearts  and 
lickni«-Ji  of  our  |H>ijp1i<.  Tli«y  ■.•nt«r>?iJ  Into  tin-  kucIuI  f«iitlvliie»  uf  the  tlmns. 
Tb«y  found  favor  in  tin-  ryn  of  our  nuihli-n*.  und  iiiMrriAitu  vow<i  addt-d  their 
lone  to  th4>  nnlional  nllinnup.  tn  the  itMldur  rHnttonit  of  life  \vt<  f«lt  a  com- 
mon fctlof.  AltnoGt  within  tliu  sound  of  my  volii-  lie  thr'  reuiiiiuH  of  your 
chlvalroiM  tlf  Tnrnay,  while  In  uur  »iNt(;r  I'apllal  are  loirlM  niiinberB  of 
your  bravo  eumjfrymi'n,  wh-mti'  rcjtlinit'pliii'r  you  will  Imva  opfiortunity  to 
vtatt  bttott-  yoiiT  depftrtiu*  from  onr  8t«t<>.  It  will  not,  thwi,  m-fni  Htran([a 
that  Wuclierlah  memories  of  Ihom:  days  i>(  cordial  frleiidshl}!,  nor  llint  thi: 
|>eopl«  of  the  State,  net  I  uti  lliroMuli  ihwii  Generiil  AMeiuhlv.  have  «mb»aftH! 
IhSit  npporlitnily  to  wrlronie  yon  aw  the  rvprpson  tall  vex  of  our  nncient  ally. 
We  bav'c  lj«-cn  Kn^'ilb'd  nl  the  i-ordinl  reception  which  has  awaltM  yon  In 
cver>'  pnri  ot  Itiit  oountrr  TiniliM  hy  yi>ii.  and  eitpei'ially  at  the  national  wal- 
t-oine  at  Yorktovrn,  where  on  tUc  lainc  field  the  soldlen  of  Rliod'j  bdund  and 
of  Ih*'  other  StAten,  with  their  Freni-h  romr»d«*,  one  hundred  yearn  a^o,  won 
the  flnal  triiiiuph  which  KrynreiL  tint  inde|iend<'n('r.  TlioUKh,  in  Icrrttorlal 
llmitfl,  the  !«mrt]1efti  of  thr  Stateji,  Rho<le  Inland  in  Nerond  to  none  In  i^atefnl 
»P|)recinl!nn  of  thowe  scfTtcPs,  wllhout  width  Vorktown  would  probably 
never  hav«  lw*>n  the  eentre  of  Mniniicli  lilntorlral  inl^r*"*!,  ami  withoiil  wliin* 
the  reMult  of  onr  ffrenf  Atrntofle  lor  indepen-denee  nilKbt  have  b(-en  iloiibtfnl, 
oraCleantTOitld  have  be«n  miieh  lo»[r<-r  delaynd. 

"To  earry  Into  offeei  the  wlnh«M»  of  th>-  rieneral  Aiweuibly,  t  have  ftn1erl<!d 
aeoinmitter  uf  reteptiou.  "-ruiiitiurd  of  «ome  of  our  most  di«tlnKidflhed  cttl- 
IcetM,  many  nf  Ihriit  de«reftdAnl«  'if  thiwe  who  foii|[lit  with  yOHT  ivtnntryniMi 
for  American  indi')wndenre.  In  tbln  preitence  and  fliUTOtindeil  hy  the  rvprv- 
Nentntlves  of  otir  people  gathered  in  tlds  Kitetent  edlAtM^,  ao  rsmlllar  loyonr 
roiintrytrn>n  diirinK  th^ir  uijonrn  in  thin  i"itr,  I  rlierrfully  ftnliTace  tlil*  oppor- 
tunity to  exprejMt  our  irrtvteful  remenihranre  o(  thwie  »ervier«  in  the  pttfli,  and 
to  atMiireynn  of  our  hearty  ^ood  wl>thM  for  the  future  of  your  rirpublii'.  In 
cloniUK.  I  can  ifaink  o(  no  more  fittins  wonU  thttn  tbotx.-  u'ldrtiwed  to  your 
conntrymon  more  llian  a  Jiundrmd  yram  ago  by  the  Govnrnor  and  Speaker  of 
tlte  Hniifie, '  We  entreat  you  on  Ihia  oci~A«ion  to  acecpl  the  warmettt  caii([TRtU- 
latlona  of  lh«  (ietternl  Awwmhly  of  thfl  6tal«  of  Rhode  Island  and  Provldenev 
FtButatioiiii.' " 


576 


FRENCH   crESTS   IS   RHODK    ISUUfD. 


To  this  uddi-L-M,  fxi>rcasiiig  at  compreheitsively  the  feeling  of  tbe 
citizenji  of  Rhixlo  I^lniid,  the  French  Mininter,  M.  Max  Outre;, 
miidv  th«  I'olluH-iiig  iK\y\y  : 

HKPLV    OF    3IIN13TBR    OCTKKT. 

"Ikiu  lupp.v  lu  oxin««»  u>  Yuur  Exvelleuvj'  «n<I  w  tbe  Gviwnt  AaMmblr 
how  p1riw>r»l  ull  thu  inwniWint  (if  tbU  yreuch  dvlegntloa  are  to  Aiid  tlietii««lvM 
Ln  the  SUU-  ul  Rhuilf  Island,  lliut  t>ii-y  havt:  tutAril  of  alnce  tli^lr  childhood. 
In  fwt.  the  OftoiM  ot  NVwjMtt  and  Providc»«!,  and  o(  tht  iliRvrvai  places 
around  Jiere,  ore  J*t>  much  counecled  with  the  hintorj-  of  our  coniinon  nffoitM 
of  tile  liut  cntury  tliul  tht^y  uTe  fumiliar  tu  aliuoat  every  obk  in  our  ROUiiiry. 
W«  arc  roi;  liMftpy  that  >-an  hnvr  ftivr.a  >ih  an  upi>ortunlIy  to  ctitae  and  rlxil 
thi'u-  placnt,  and  wc  will  Idkc  homr  ccrtalnlj^  u  niiMi  do'j)  recall ertion  u(  all 
that  w«  huve  st>en  lu'r*.-.  Sliii-«  the  Kr^-ncti  d«loK)>^on  hw  lifwn  Id  I)>i!  I'nlt^^ 
StaWB  wi*  liavp  liad  intxii  jiroofs  l-liat  Aiuertfn  liaa  n*v«  for|;ott«n  Iii^t  ancient 
tiUy  (it  ITttl.  and  now  tixla.v  ur<-  hiivtt  thr  tiiosit  KrilUttnt  ■.■vidi.-nci?  that  the  old 
afiitimi'niM  of  frirndsljip  existing  bctw?rri  ihri  two  »mntii<'it  ari!  aa  straai 
now  an  tlicy  were  In  thuHt  tUiios.  I  niust  say.  and  yuu  must  br  oiwiuvd  that 
noDiIoK  in  the  world  lOuLd  be  murv  ciulitjint;  lo  Frantw.  Let  lue,  tharolon. 
tliank  jroii  In  her  nwmi!  Tor  jrjtir  kind  hoapltalit},  for  your  f[Ood  WelCOHOA. and 
for  nil  the  hlndneas  that  has  boon  nliown  to  ns  sinoo  w«  bare  be«ti  In  this 
Stat«.  I  will  not  Hulah  wlilioun  iliankluc.  at  tlii<  sauie  Urae.  Mr.  SlKfSuld  tor 
nil  tli«  kind  wunlm  ]UKt  iirk>Tioiiii<-i-d  fur  t)i<-  French  people  and  penvnnlly  Sar 


Tb9<  ff[K-ecb  of  the  Ktviivh  Miiiwtcr,  which  v\-iu^  heartily  u|ipUu(l«0, 
lenuiuntvd  tlie  otTlcbil  rci'cmonioj,  nod  aftvr  a  gcaoral  but  brief 
rece|>tioD.  OMVunior  Littloltekit  wbc  ei»Portwl  to  tlie  fteamer  "  Bay 
(^innrti  "  bv  llir  Ni-wpnrl  ATlillery.  and.  (U'cunipnniixl  liv  the  (loiu-ml 
Asflemblv,  hr  rt'tiirnt'd  U)  P^rt^idcnci■.  Ttie  tMicinl  ]>li'iniiirw»  of  the 
brief  vayago  vcerp  pnlmnocil  li_v  R  ricli  rnllHlion,  pr^pfiivd  by  Mr. 
Geor^*  M.  Ardoonr.  a  Providonoe  rntotvr.  The  tiibh-  was  laid  in 
(ixccllcnt  tanttf,  a»<l  Imtl  for  a  ccnlrc  omnmcnt  n  n'lirowTiinlioii  of 
"  Homo,  Sw<*t  Home,"  mnrle  nf  ooiifectioni*,  niiil  siirmounte*!  with 
hornH  nf  plenty,  iht-  rvtilrc  ^InirCiiri*  being  lill'i'il  with  nnlM  ami  hon- 
frona  of  iill  kind^,  Bc>iic|ticti(  were  alw  fumislM-d  in  pruliiciou,  from 
thv  ^tiinlt  kind  dosigucd  for  emit  hippol^,  to  thi^  birgi-st  itsed  for  table 
and  jiarlor  cimnmcntn. 

AJW  tlie  departure  of  the  Governor  nnd  the  Geueral  AsMiobly, 
the  guuala  c<jinuieni.-i:iJ  a  ixiuud  of  oWvni'iitiuu.  First,  they  proceeded 
to  the  torpedo  ulnlion.  On  their  arrival  llierc.  they  wen?  rv<*ived  by 
Captain  Thoma«  O.  Solfridge  and  conducted  lo  the  porch  in  front  of 
hi»  building.     When  crcrything  was   in   readineaa   for  tht-   •alat<    of 


OUR  FREXCn   AI.LIB8. 

lw«iilT-oiic  Iorpe<]oc»,  lh<>  I'oiUtl  St»tf»  ntHccr^  oscorlo*)  ihc  l"'rci»'li 
YiAilnrA  to  ihp  spot  wlitrc  the  stflrs  ninl  stripi«  usiinlly  flojit.  Here 
ihey  Btoi«1  Tnr  n  iiinnn'iit  or  Iwo.  niid  n  .iiniiriw'  wuh  in  uttire  Iwr  tliciii. 
At  u  siniiul  llio  fiwl  Uiqirdo  whi<  timl,  ami  tliis  wiut  uli<o  ihe  signnl  lor 
ibe  brv'iikiiig  ov«r  their  liwiiU  of  m  fttiR  wliicli  [irovt^  lo  Iw  tli«  tri-colop 
of  France.  SimnlHmeously  with  tliiD  net.  tlif  bnnii  t'l-ora  Fort  Ailmna, 
whit'li  liail  Iwt'ii  kindly  iLMiucd  by  Mnjur  Taylor  for  llie  occasion, 
elrurk  U|i  tlir  MtinK^lliiisc,  «iid  the  Frwiiclimeu,  promptly  recognidn^ 
tlie  eomplimt-iit,  iitio»Terw!.  It  wbj"  a  most  eflVrtivi'  littlo  nrranpc- 
mcQt,  And  reflected  great  vredil  upim  ilic  forelliouglit  of  Cuptain 
Hetfridge. 

Aft«*r  thp  Fr<>m-h  di>|i>f[iil<»A  fiJi*I  flu-  fommilH-o  Imrt  n'tiimtd  to  the 
puri-li  of  tlic  liciidqunrtcr!!,  cx-Mnynp  Ocorgc  H.  Cnlvprt  wna  iiilrfi- 
diiccd  and  dt^llrcrcd  itn  nddrcits  in  French.  This,  with  the  incideut 
rcn'ftpfVd  nhove,  tdiirhed  thr  hp(irt3  of  the  Frenrfimcn  most  pro- 
ruundlv,  for  thvir  vvvh  were  biNliimiiL'd  with  lear».  Mr.  Cnlvi-rt,  in 
bis  address,  r«rerrfd  iii  Ii-nglh  lu  thu  cuadilioii  of  the  Aoiericna 
army  prior  to  the  arrival  of  Count  de  RwhRmln-im  mid  hiti  Tnngiitfi- 
rciit  nrmy.  1K>  hIbo  referred  it)  glowing  termi  In  tlio  v)i!uroii!>  dccdm 
of  tht^  Kr«'itrh  nriiiii-4,  nut  only  one  hundred  yv»n  n^,  liiil  duriiifi  the 
entire  hiMnry  of  their  eotimrr.  He  conelndcd  his  reraiirk-*  by 
oxprfflHiiig  II  hope  tlinl  there  wns  n  gram!  future  fur  ihf  Frcneh 
republic. 

After  Mr.  Cwlvcri  Imd  delivered  hi^  Address  of  welcdinp,  tlwrw 
was  daiic'intr  until  fitur  o'elock,  when  ihe  vii^ilor^  were  fotidudcd 
oroimd  llic  if<lniid.  the  riiiii.  howm-er.  inlprferiiig  to  nomv  extent  with 
the  iuleutioiis  of  C'uptuiii  Svlfridgc  iu  thii  n'SIievl.  Alter  partaking 
of  Captain  Selfridge's  hospitality,  the  whole  party  retnniwl  to  lowii 
and  be-gan  an  iu«pcctioD  of  eevenO  poiniB  of  inleresl. 

mS    t>*SlHTET. 

On  n!tuniing  to  riarlniaii'n  aiul  tn  thtTir  respective  eotla^,  thev 
rested  after  the  busy  hour*,  and  then  prepared  for  the  baiiquet,  which 
WM  given  At  the  Cai>ino.  It  was  in  all  re^pcrt^  n  mcMl  rtfherchi 
•Atir.  Pinard,  of  New  York,  waR  the  caterer,  mid  on  ihin  nrraAion 
showed  himself  a  i-nmplnic  mailer  of  hip  art.  Evert'one  expressed 
the  highest  cuuiplinieuts  uf  the  nirnu  and  the  ecrviee.  The  (ableii 
were  beautifully  deeornted  with  choice  Bowers,  and  llic  flags  of 
America  and  France  adorned  the  ruota. 
75 


578  7BXHCH  OUnTB  IH  RHOOS  JBLAJXD. 

Id  the  absenee  of  Goretnor  UukAdd,  tbe  Hfm.  Willimm  F.  Shef- 
floU,  chairman  of  the  State  committee,  precided  at  the  dinner.  The 
taUea  were  three  in  onmbw,  and  were  acraoged  together  in  the  form 
of  a  T.  On  them  were  a  large  nnmbCT  of  sOver  eandehibra  tastilj 
decorated  with  smilax,  bj  whi^  eveij  artick  on  the  table  was  sor- 
Tonoded.  The  band  of  the  United  States  ship  New  Hampahire  fur- 
oidied  fine  music  during  dinner  from  the  baloonj.  Tliere  were  no 
formal  speeches,  but  the  health  of  the  visitors  was  dmnk. 

Two  days,  both  more  or  less  rainj,  were  insufficient  in  which  to 
Titfit  ererjr  kicalitj  made  specially  interesting  to  the  French  delega>- 
Uon  by  associations  with  the  armjof  Rochambeau,  and  the  naval 
amuunents  of  D'Estaing  and  of  De  Temaj,  or  to  accept  all  the  hoa- 
IHtalities  that  the  citizens  of  Newport  would  gladlj  have  bestowed 
upon  them.  But  an  industrious  emplojment  of  the  Ume  allotted  for 
their  sojourn  enabled  them  to  take  a  hasty  ^aoce  at  the  harbor,  the 
entrance  of  which  by  D'Estaing's  squadron,  [wompted  the  BriUsh 
commander,  then  in  possessioQ  of  Newport,  to  order  the  destmctioo 
of  all  his  guard  ships.  They  visited  the  headquarters  of  General 
Bocfaambeau,  where  many  festive  occasions  had  been  graced  by  the 
beauty  and  ilUe  of  the  town.  They  saw  the  boose  in  which  Admiral 
De  Temay  died.  They  made  a  pilgrimage  to  the  grave  of  Uie  brave 
old  sailor  in  Trinity  church-yard,  and  read  the  inscription  on  the  mural 
tablet  set  up  in  honor  of  him  in  the  vestibule  of  the  church.  Red- 
wood Library,  the  Jewish  Synagogae,  the  Old  Stone  Mill,  the  Mon- 
ument, to  Commodore  Perr%',  and  maoy  other  localities  and  objects  of 
interest  were  made  familiar  to  tlicm,  and  when  they  bade  farewell  to  a 
spot  afHueat  in  military  memories  of  the  the  Americau  Revolution 
and  of  "  Our  French  Allies,"  they  carried  away  with  them  the 
most  ngrceahle  imprcssious  of  the  city  and  of  their  hosts- 


OUB.  r&SSCH  ALLIB3  579 


THE    FBEKCH    GUESTS    IN    PROVIDENCE 


►AVTJiG  spent  two  days  in  Newport,  with  evitleut  t4>pr«ciatiou 
of  the  welcome  with  which  ther  had  txeeu  r«cei%'eil,  th«  distiuguishud 
French  goests.  on  Tuesdar  morning.  November  Ut.  embtti-ted  on 
board  the  steamer  '■'■  Bar  Queen,"  in  the  midst  of  a  dreiu.-hiug  raiu, 
to  faliill  their  engagement  in  Provideuc«.  They  were  accompanied 
by  members  of  the  State  •cotaiiiitte«.  and  of  (Governor  LittWfluld'a 
etaflF.  As  the  boat  passed  out  of  the  harbor^  tht»  party  rewivod 
salntea  from  the  United  Stales  r«ceiviii{c  »hip«  ttiid  tVt>uk  t'\u't  Adaiuit. 
A  few  minates  before  eleren  o'clock,  a.  n.,  thi>  Utat  ivachint  thi> 
dock  of  the  Continental  Steamboat  CompHiiy.  iii  |V\tv)(l(«i)tv.  U\>r\«, 
the  guests  were  received  by  ex-Mayor  Thontan  A.  IV»yW  and  M\\yhI 
C.  Taft,  Esq.,  of  the  State  Commitliw.  Tho  Maniiitit  do  Uin-huuv- 
bean,  Madame  Loyseaa  and  MMo  d«  (Mututbniit.  wlthotil  alop)iitk^  tu 
partake  of  the  hospitalities  of  I^rovitltMM'e,  prtHH<viUHl  diitH^lt,v  to  \\\^- 
tou.  The  other  guests  were  nHiducUnl  in  oarriajiwi  Id  titu  Ntt>T«a«u- 
sett  Hotel,  which  had  been  solected  fur  lht>ir  tiiim'tttm.  'rhi\Y  sw^vv^ 
warmly  welcomed  on  the  way  by  n  rrowd  i<f  ii|Hioluti>i'a  willi  f^itia  ut' 
'*  Vive  la  France,"  "  Vive  la  Ro|mblinuu,"  tiud  wilh  ullwr  pHlrinli»i 
greetings.  Uudor  tho  dirertinn  of  CohnuO  il.  lliii'ry  AVidc-h,  llifi  hull 
of  the  liotol  wfts  tnsttifiilly  docorutud  with  Kcuiit^h  niid  Anioiii^Hit 
flags,  streamoFH  iitid  sliioldx,  Tliu  onittniHiilatinnu  ttf  tltti  butii|iu>t 
hall  were  of  surpassing  tiUigiuicu,  At  thu  siiiitli  oiid  id'  thu  liidl  tlioi-u 
was  a  Bct  piece  of  dmpud  Anutricun  Hugs,  miniioinitud  \>y  ihu  Kiuiiitlt 
republic  coat  of  iirniH  on  (iiio  Hidu,  iiiid  dni|iuil  FruixOi  tri-ciilor  with 
the  American  coat  of  iirniit  on  llio  iitliur  uidti  nf  a  rliialur  iif  Aiiitivi- 
can  tliigH  bearing  tin-  Klatit  ttliii-hl  in  tho  cuntn;.  At  llitt  iinrlli  ond,  in 
the  centre,  wiirt  u  bnltiM'fly  of  Aiiierii'itn  iiml  Kreni^li  HiigB,  uilli  a 
ohiMter  of  AinericHu  fliigH  mid  Kreiich  iteiil  iij  tliu  eentru  nn  mii)  uiiju, 
and  a  cluster  of  Firiidi  Hiigit  willi  AliiiTii'iui  Mi-al  on  lh<!  otliei*  uidu. 
<>viT-li(Nii|  Ijroiid  HtrciinnTM  of  l-'ivnch  tri-i-olor  wi;i'i!  ih'uwn  Cntni  lliii 
rliauilflierH  to  the  Iwu  ciih-  wiiIIh,  meeting  in  thn  hi^uvy  ih'a[tery  of 
tri-color  tliereon.     At  iutervulu  in  thin  dnipery  were  oal  I'Veiieli  und 


580 


FRSKCa   OCEfiTS   llf   KHODK    ISLAND. 


Amurusn  »hield«,  wttli  the  name*  of  our  Frmch  sDtee  and  Centan- 
oittl  baroes  Iherecm.  Thi!  ^flnt  was  st  (m<v  suggestive  aotl  artistic, 
aod  maur  eiprcMiotu  of  ailuiiraiioti  were  beard  to  (all  frum  nieoibera 
of  lh»!  Freiirh  party. 

If  time  for  flight-Mwrag  aod  tlie  mviMJun  of  iNjurtesie*  io  Newi 
was  vlion,  ID  Prt>\ideDce  H  waa  Mill  niun*  limited.  The  nmobcrv  of 
til*  «li'Ii*}{aLi4m  vuuld  alUiw  I IwmwIvM  nnlv  Imlf  a  day  for  h  eurvvv  of 
lliv  i-ity,  luid  Mil  rxHmtiiRliiin  of  iU  n^voliiliuiuLry  atitii|iiitte»,  for 
wliicb  llirM  or  four  days  were  moe  tou  Duuiy.     Uut  llie  tirat  thiug  Io 


^'AltllA1•AS*KTT   llOTKI.. 


be  dnno  WH9  to  ftpp^HW  appetJIes  »hHi'iii»iic<l  liy  x  dcl»T  of  ih*  mom- 
IDg  repa»t.  Pauitig  «l  one*  to  tliB  reception  pnrlors,  tliey  divested 
tliomiwlvn!  uf  tlivir  oiilrr  gannoilM,  attd  prcpAred  for  drJrUHer,  wbich 
wa»  wrvpil  ill  ibe  lioiel  dining- room.  While  lliorc  iTigrtg<?d.  lliev 
were  shown,  liy  Ccorgo  lA*wi»  Cooke,  Jr.,  E(W|.,  n  t>wonl  outv  worn 
byCouutd«  KuchnniWan,  and  wliivh,  in  1781,  he  i^xclmiigcd  with 
(*rtu-ml  NitlliiiTi  MilliT.  of  llristo],  a»  ulivsdy  ntlatvd,*  fur  uoe  worn 
by  lliiit  utitcur.     M.  Oiitti-y  t- JLjiUiui-d  lUe  Ui»luricul  iiuici-vdvuls  of 


■AMK,  p.  3U. 


562 


rKKNCH   OITESTS   IN    BHOUE   ISLAND. 


and  Cniwfonl  ji(re«ts,  wm  Htnick,  and  id  on«  minute  Hom  No.  1 
nnd  TTooV  and  I^dJer  No.  I,  from  Fxrliange  pla«c,  were  on  the 
Hpot,  folloired  by  the  Protccti%-c  and  Hnai!  No.  3  a  q)i&rl4>r  of  n  min- 
ute Inter,  Steatner  and  How  No.  10  in  one  nnd  three  qnorttfrs  min- 
ttUa,  HoHo  No.  7  in  two  iind  a  Imlf  iniiiiil««,  and  tlw  Inst,  Honk  aiid 
Ladder  No  2,  in  ciglil  niiuutcs  fmiii  HiirriMou  sin'fl,  a  dijilmicc  of  a 
mile  and  a  liulf.  Tlic  Skinner  Tnick  v(ti»  niiiivd  aj^nitiM  ilie  Day 
BtilMing,  nnd  firemen  ARCcaded  to  tile  roof,  from  wliieli  a  pu^  urful 
Htreiitu  of  water  was  tliroivn.  Tlie  brigade,  com>iatiug  of  nt-venleen 
piece«,  wait  Iben  mnri>linl]«d  br  l>Hltaitom  for  review,  and  (lie  di^ttn- 
piUUcd  giiCAla  paiuted  nronnd  llie  square,  reeeiving  ond  n'tnming  the 
salutes  from  tite  department.  Tlie  brigade  then  loused  id  review 
**on  the  run,"  and  da«hed  around  the  pquare  in  livelr  motion. 
Then  the  hoAc  vcau  ftltacliod  lo  the.  Iivdraiits  and  a  ixYire  of  ^trenmtt 
wci*  turned  into  the  canal,  the  oontiitiioii!!  volume  of  spray  forming 
n  grand  Bi^dit.  For  this  successful  exhibition  Chief  Greene  receirud 
the  eoi}gratu!titioni>  and  thanks  of  the  deler;alion. 

From  the  review,  the  eortege  was  driven  to  the  City  Hall.  jVs  the 
viititora  and  comuiittoe  entered  tha  building  Iho  Buoton  Gcrtnuiiiit 
Band,  stationed  in  the  third  floor  corridor,  struek  tip  *'  The  Mnr»eil- 
laisc,"  wiih  fine  elTect.  City  Messenger  E«I»ard  S.  Rhodes  met  tho 
guests  at  tlie  door,  and  conducted  them  to  the  flavor's  office,  where 
they  wt're  inlrodueed  lo  Mayor  Ilaywanl.  After  witnessing  Iho 
opertLttons  of  tlie  electrif  Hgliting  apparnltis,  as  applied  to  the  May- 
or's chandelier,  and  inspecting  the  building,  which  M.  Ouircy  pro- 
nounced the  flneBl  the  delegation  had  visited  since  its  arrivul  in  Amur- 
tea,  the  party  proceeded  to 

BROWN    UKIYEBSmr. 


On  entering  ttio  Librnry  Buildin;;,  the  students,  gathered  otili>tde, 
greeted  tlio  company  wiUi  an  enlivening  culK^gc  sung.  Inside,  I'n-jti- 
deut  Robinson  and  the  Ocdloge  Fiteutty  weru  in  wiiitiiig.  Chiol'Jus- 
li(.>e  Durfec,  Chancellor  of  the  I'niversity,  und  a  nicniber  of  ihe  C^ini- 
mittuc  of  Keccption,  in  wcll-choscu  words,  introduced  lii«  delcgutiuu 
to  them.      He  said: 

"  III  iwrloruilni:  nUn  idciuant  duty,  I  ileem  !t  not  Invlcvant  lo  my  to  yon 
lliat  luiidiTstMnd  it  to  lie  uuti  ol  lliHilicrlnliMl  {>iiri>oar-itof  llit-8cf;enll><tiion.in 
visiting  tbla  nriit  oUioc  historio  spot-i  in  Rln'ilf  Ii>lan«l,tor<^l(iniilf:  tbnifKtinorlc.t 
oC  u  bumlreil  years  Ago,  when  their  laHicra  and  unr  fiUb<ir»  slowl  flhunldiEr  to 


OUR  FRENCH  ALUKS 


.^83 


I 


nboiiltlor  In  the  groal  wur  for  American  liiiIcponiI«iir<'.  Id  tliut  vinw,  lltta 
city  and  IhU  eloamc  bcifthl  l-au  but  hare  for  tliriu  h  pc-ciilinr  inU-rvdU  Kor 
hflw.  In  yoml^r  vf^ntralile  biilldlne,  our  goncroiii  fUUc«  tiad  Ihtir  niilllniT 
ItuHpiUil,  wliile  tilt  i-ity  (liirlitK  llmir  shorl  wijmirn  opuueil  lor  Uielr  Knltant 
oRlTOfn  iu  Rtati.>Iir«t  aliwlr",  antl  tniul*  th*  Klop*  »inl  nutniiiit  of  yimiliT  norMf 

«m  liiti  tlic  <-ttiiij>[nK*Kroiini]  of  tlieii  solilli-ry Mr.  E*r(«i(l«nt. 

llu'iti!  K^iitlriiiMi,  I  uTiiliTAtADil,  are  the  r«pr«-iwntatlTra  not  only  ot  U10 
dcpMii^U  Frcucli  ot  n  Itutulrcd  y^-ur*  uii«>.  Uut  ulao  of  tliu  Uvlui;  Frunc«o( 
to-(Iay,  in  all  It«  extraordlnarj'  aclcntific  and  literary  duv«IopiiiH-nt.  An  ancb, 
I  toka  greal  pl«aaura  lu  pusentioff  Utam  t«  Uio  offlc«ra  of  tbia  Univenity." 


f 


l.mHAXT  Krti.pixK,  Rhowx  I'si 


Al    t1i«    cluw    uf  Judge    l>urre(!'a    remark*,  Presideut    HoliinMn 

(i(Mn!ajteil  llic  Jclcgutiou  &i  follows: 

**  Your  KxcrUi^nc!/.  tivnllomvi;  CitUens  vf  Frantt,  Jtri'mtntatires /mm  Hit 
Yovnfftr  Jlepublte  to  the  OMei- ; 

"  Trne  Clirbttiua  liuriiiiiii  In  ainaya  tlie  filDnd  and  Mifporlor  ol  triii>  rJvll 
llWrty.    ^booU  of  aound  Icftnilng  air  alwaya  In  aj-mp«Uiy  with  frtw  lustitu- 


nr 


ibt- 


wtflf  wmUmi  laUt^teMff  ul  am 

"■-T-^-- iiiMinll  MTT  TiT  jiri  Irtiill.  ■ITl  !■ 


T<i  liiM  UdMf  M.  OMnr  riiftififlil.  Ankfa«  Dr. 
(W  HIM  rftfcg  JiltglllDir  M<  af  Fwee,  fur  ihe  goaj 
A  lificf  lultfirliaay  of  wiMtMhi  of  a  more  inJonBal 
lowwl.  Tbca  CHWi  ■»*■  eolifi  Mog»,  witk  ebon*  &r  ike 
a  oMRIiliaMMtt  wUtk  X.  Omtrvj  acfcBowkrffad  I)/  •  bo«  aad  tW 
nprmiMi  of  '*ihaaiu."  TW  aiwliii  «f  tlie  dd«prfioD  iImd 
rMurui*4  to  Uwif  imrrvHpa  10  vital  other  pboM.  Fine,  Uwjr  wen 
drirni  bi  IV>«|<r>H  T*TrMw.  TtMwiv  tlH7  |mM(i4  Ut  tbr  Dextrr  Asy- 
lum, dritiiijc  Di  ilic  fn«irt  of  ibr  iNiiktJtijt  anJ  rouud  a  portkn  o(  ike 
fanu.  Willmui  |iiiiiM  tkry  moiEnuMl  ibur  mate  to  tbc  French 
F.h)'iiiiif*iiM-iii  n{  \'Hn~^i.  Ksrty  in  the  fomoont  ia  aaiicqMiMia  of 
MiU  vifit,  i\u-  iiciilior  or  UiU  niteaw  aniated  b^tlie  RtY.  Fredrrir 
DcniMin,  niArk<-<l  ili«  iMiutiilHric*  of  Uw  uri^iiwl  eiuii{>-;;7naDd  witb 
■nail  tri*evb>retl  tbtgit,  prepared  hj  Colouel  J.  Harry  Wtlch,  who 
alio  plaalad  a  flag-ilaff  and  rawed  tb«  AmericaD  colarv  oo  the  spot 
|hj[iiUh]  out  kp  liini  u  lb«  Fmivh  licad(|UBftvni  Uanjaw.  Tu  ntd 
till*  mciiiU'rs  uf  lliv  <]tfli!t;nli</U  iti  i>btatitin:r  ft  corrvet  idea  of  the 
iftlviil  mI*  tlir  |{n>uii<U  cK-4-ij|>iciI  liv  llivir  <Hriiritn'iiicri  a  ix'Dlnrr  b«r(jr«, 
thi<  iiiitliiir  iin-nviiU'il  lo  rach,  through  Uie  Fn>rK-)i  Miiiui1«r,  h  copy  of 
llm  |th(ii  o\'  llie  •:ii('im)[nn<<nt  ui>on  h  hic-h  woa  ]u«*tMt  upward*  or  ihrm 
hiiiidri'd  tirtt  iiitd  hilt  kiIc*.  Kur  thi»  i'i%'ilit_v,  M.  Otitrev  fQUiid  time 
niliidvt  (III)  i!»KNg)!ttii^iiU  and  cxritinDcnt«  of  lb«^  day  to  writCf  ID 
Mmlt  of  hliii»i-lf  i>nd  of  (h**  HMngallon,  a  not*  of  gralffful  arknowU 
0(l|(tllvUt. 

Tito  viilton  did  not  ulifrlit,  Imt  fmin  their  canriagcK,  looked  out 
with  HiifiiH  of  jihNutira  ujmn  thn  iri-colorrd  tokonn  of  nrclromct  aod 
upoD  tlic  limad  tichi  o\(>r  whioh  uiire  floated  '*thH  luminous  lilies  of 
Fraiioi."  From  lbi«  poiul  of  imcrcdl  lliey  rod«  to  the  North  Riirial 
(Inmiid,  lo  iMitiiit  i»  duoorating  the  Imuc  of  ii  inouurai.'iil  ahoul  to  lie 
•roclvd  to  the  motnory  of  French  soldtcra  buried  titcre,  who  died  in 
Ok*  olVinn-naniwI  «ncRinpmcnt.     At  th*  (bo*  of  the  iitone  stood  n  ren- 


I 


OCB  FBENCH  ALLIES. 


M5 


iTiry  plmit,  Mvmliotir  nf  thf>  yenrv  nitirc  llie  gravve  u'eru  livre  matlo. 
On  Uie  luf^  of  the  8(orie  was  placml  the  Fnmcli  flag,  Bti<3  ou  tlie  right 
lilt'  Aug  of  llic  riiit«tt  Stnivi^.  Oil  ilic  io{i  ufliie  stone  wow  u  ta»ti.'rul 
dJMpluj  of  «ver;greeHis.  The  Rw.  Fre<KTif  Deiiiaon  ooiidocti'*!  th« 
ceremonies.  He  welcomed  llic  party  li/  w»viiig  ii  inagnilireut 
Frcnoh  flng.  which  lie  llifii  pliifod  iti  tli«  linixls  of  I'mfedHor  Vietor 
K.  I  III  lu  mere  I.  lie  uUo  ri.-a>l  in  Knglixh  u  uicmnriitl  livtnn,  cnin- 
|io6rd  hy  himself  for  the  occuion.  Professor  Jcaii  E.  GnilbiTl 
read  ih  the  clolcpilion  ihr  same  hvmii  in  French,  and  ulso  an  oile  in 
thu  sume  bLii^Agc,  »f  hiM  iiwn  i-omfHiHitioii,  *■  T(i  tliu  Fn-rich  »\A- 
diicrs  inhumcil  in  the  Noilh  Buryirig(Tronn<l."  The  mcnibtint  uf  the 
(It^legatton.  loiiviiip  their  cnrriii^fs,  nppronched  the  eldric,  ami  each 
reviTvutly  htiil  ii|H)ri  it  »  trntnU  tioutjnel  uf  flowere,  wlncli  unt-  ufthL-ir 
number  nrnuj^ed  in  the  furm  uf  u  eru«e.  It  wui  aa  utteeliug  scene. 
The  Her.  Mr.  Dciiit>on  then  shIiI.  "  Let  this  ner^icv  cIok  with 
iincoven-d  heads  and  the  pruyer  nVe  la  It'-^uhliqur  Francai». 
Amen."  W'liili;  on  (lie  tijrouiid,  M.  (Julrev  «iid  i.»ther  niemhers  of 
the  dclegntion  were  pnifiitte  in  their  tliankfi  to  Mr.  DcnUon  for  bia 
energetic  labors  in  securing  the  ereetioii  of  this  monument.* 


*TIia1  the  gram  of  thrtr  BltEc*  alioiild  hare  ■otnt' jieniuinnit  mark  of  bonar,  lnill(Kllv> 
of  thifir  uerifln!,  nnti  of  vur  ciiuntTT'i  Rralilndo  lo  Fnuie*,  Iliv  Kr-r.  Prvilcric  IlruUou,  In 
tlLCturoneror  WiLroun-lirwl  llir  dixlxii 'jf  n  mODnlMM  to  Ur  placrJ  Our  titrrii.ntid  took 
■teps,  tliTOUgh  Bjijivalii  l»  [W  "  Prcjulilviirt.  JoumBl,"  anil  t>f  pfouiinl  a)  ^iil  Ira  flout,  Iii 
(rcuro  Uiv  m**n*  tot  acrgnipUfhlnic  ibc  Morili)  otOcoi.  Itt^ponMt  "trrt  prouijit  iDd  icvn- 
rrou*.  Th«  lnonr)^  collt-cliil  nrrc  plaiml  in  llic  fiaivili  oT  llr.  ilriir)  It.  Unrb.  oT  tlw 
"I'raTldwnM  Journal/'H*  irraaurrr. 

Ttic  workr  k  doubie-biLiFd  Ic(]|p7  luonuBunl.  of  fine  Wc*lnl]r  frmnlttr.  cnented  bj  Iha 

Snillfa   Ornnltc  ('oniiUDj,  at  Wmpwif,  «riu  ca[nptc-tc<I   \a   a  ttottniBii.tlkr  mBinivr.      It 

wcljlii  Hliout  clglil  toni,     lu  >ymtM>!(,  In  nlUvo,  urv  (lie  I'renvh  oviil.ur-iiriiit,  nn>t  n  t^o. 

lulionnrx  Mrtriitcc-trox,  wtlli  Uir  ilal«  )71ti.    Un  thr  xidr*  an-  Oir  ralwd  lt|C«n(l*, 

"la  GUATiTttDK  I'K  RiHiiie  l9t.ANii," 

and 

"Ol'll  AI.LIM  IK  THK  KKVOI.tinoll.'* 

Ufi  m  mlanl  aud  poli*hc4  ptnd  are  the  liwcrlptloiu  : 

•'  Trilnilp  of  tlie  people. 

tictoraUit  b]-  ilir 

Frcnrli  I>vlrKBll<jn. 

XovoDibn  I,  l«l. 

I>«li«iMl  t/j  Ibe 

CUlsHu  of  rroTldcnM, 

JDI7 1.  leez." 

Tlia  work  bring  coin pletwl,  tlic  dir of  Piii»ld«jiwn-oIiinti*r«l  to  dnH«(*  11  with  bceiw 

lug  trrrmon)-  on  tbo  imllonal  annl^MMtr.    (luetu  vtn  Id*IIpi1  tW>in  abniai!,  among 

whlrh  Kt'ir  1I1C  lliudr*  l.arujHIr,  loiiimaiKli-il  lly  Majnr  Juir|ih  Witll:  Montlrur  A-  \m 

I'aUT*.  KmwlH'iiiuuKinKrral;  Maurtcr  Tiuy,  TIcv  r  obidI  ,  U   Valilljii,  l.'lmmi'llim'f  Mi«i 

74 


586 


PBXNCU   OUKBTS   J»    RHODE    ISLAXD. 


Leaving  the  btiriiil  gniiitiil,  ihe  purly  }ir(iri!«*detl  to  tliP  Cnrliss 
Works,  wlicre  it  waa  cr»un«utii'ly  reecnw]  by  Mr.  Gwrge  H.  Co«^ 
Im,  and  coi)duirl«d  Ltirougli  the  extensive  eslnMislimcMit.  m  the  vnri- 
0U8  vpcrutiuiit  i>l*  which  uiiicb  iiitvrvpt  waa  uspn-ewd. 

The  work*  of  the  Aiuericnii  Ncran-  Cutn|)iiny  were  uext  Tuil^li 
ftini  tilt-  oompliofttecl  innchincrr  for  the  manufacture  of  «orew»  i-are- 
fully  extimiiie'l. 

It  was  now  ym\  four  o'dnck  iu  the  aftvnicHiu,  uiid  uuu  diok  visit 
was  to  be  inMie  bt'fure  roluniing  to  tliu  NBn"n;^ii.*ctt  Hotel.  Tbi« 
was  to  th?  Publir  High  .School.  And  here  opeuei)  to  the  viHiture  a 
scene  mure  exliili«r»IJiig,  pruhnblv,  (haa  mij-  they  bad  wittn»»ed  ninee 
the  coInJIlelllo^llti^  e  exciviiH-x  ul  Vorklowu,  lililKjiigli  of  qd  entirely 
different  cbunn-'tei'.  After  an  inlrotluution  lo  tliu  iirinripal,  Mr.  DaviJ 
W.  Hoyt,  and  hi»  niule  nwtstanU,  and  to  MiA»  Sarah  E.  IXiyle  and 
hor  female  a-vilxtaiils.  Iliey  wen-  condiietc!  to  the  hir^e  linll  of  the 
huildiug,  whore  they  were  received  by  the  Rev.  tJnniel  T.cach,  15.  D., 
Suporintendcut  of  Puhtie  Scboitis,  by  the  School  Comniiltec,  and  by 


CoiMiilaWi  l.t»u((>niiiil.('oInn»1Sch[]llng:  M.i'.Gmllloli  IVofn>ur  r«bti:  A\i»rmMn  Imvj ; 
H.  L.  A.  IUbm;  M.  1ai  ttciit:  U.  I^ula  Uerckr:  uud  *everal  arb^n,  nil  oT New  Tort-  Tl>c 
nppraiah  to  llie  fniutidt  wm  ilrocrratcil  wllli  titft  ntxl  mottun  in  Finu4i.  by  Ihr  "  KixMch 
C'uluiiv''  uf  rnivi'li'iic*-.  WttMii  llii-  gnjiiixln,  Hi?  ilPDumllonn  tcrtv  liatirltomply  armnfvil 
bf  Ht.  Ulcluird  .1.  OyDC  fhi-  rtiti-r  Mar^lm^  «t  Mir  Aaj  wiu  (iciktaI  Kll.iha  II.  Bhodt-a, 
hBTtnff  for  Hidi.  I.tcultninit-Coloiicl  riilll|i  S.  rlmiiii,  Miv)<>r  William  .1.  tltwlfon).  and  I'ajh 
iiiln  Pionin*  W  Handicatrr.  The  Diillmry  and  el>lt  proctwion  iru  lonjrxi'l  oilrnriii'c  lo 
tite  WnuitMiuU  nlui  tliratiKnl  thr  'Irii-ta  tliruiifli  Mliivli  II  |auanl.  Tlw  iJi-ilitalury  rirrriw* 
wpri<  aptinitiKatp  anil  Iinpri-iiilir.  TIii't' uoilni'trtl  uf  uutHltuK  tl|<.-  luniiilnlf  lit  i  (tie  Ular- 
•clllalie  hymn,  pcrfurm*^  br  thf  band;  ■  falatc  of  iwi-ntT-onr  jniiu  to  ih«  fnDdi  Stft; 
Fraj-cr  uf  Drslicallun.  I<r  ""  Itixlil-llcTrmiil  lliumai  M-Hark.  U.  !>.;  itraiioii  t>r  tht-  Rev. 
Fndrtir  r>vi)lujn;  Ail'lri'uotijr  cK-Haiur  Tliuitina  A.  iKijitc,  III*  llanor  Mator  William  S. 
Ila^wanl,  Ibr  Kreti«li  CauoDl-Gcacral,  ll»ai>lfur  A.  1^  Falirr,  and  MonMrur  [.ouli  I'nuU- 
lard,  ilr,  A  K-lcrl  rliulr  or  incii,  uiidrr  Uic  illri-clloo  af  IVDreunr  KiiKrnc  llpnrl.  chaniiid 
very  i-ITtvllTTly  ■  l>atlii  pmirr  fur  llip  rriialitlct  uT  Kranw  and  Aiwrfon.  (t>llffWi.il  bj  lli« 
Ulorla  I'Hlrl.  I'lir  Futnil  plavnl  "  Hall  I'-oliimlila."  aiul  I'raA'wor  Jniii  R.  i.iu\1btrt  rrad  ■■ 
oiti!  Ill  ilii>  Croncli  lunguap-.  A  ticiii'dlcdoii  hy  llltl'inji  <Jark  cIommI  iIm-  tvrritnt,  ami  th« 
vwt  conwurff .  mMf niblvd  t«  wlitn.'iuilitin.ilfiiartixl.  Tti^Uiudei  LabyMtt  and  tbf  cltf'a 
^■■U  were  handtoitirl}^  riilrrtahtFil  at  th<-  urniutf  uf  tlir  KInl  l.ljiht  lufiuiIrT,  on  South 
Alalti  ittreul.  Aii  uIiIkm  vr  wvlronivuiiK  iiiH>k  l>y  Mi-uii-Biuit-i.'oluncl  JMipb  tl.  lica- 
ilrli-li.iiliiah'nv  hniiiiiiy  rMpoiiilHl  luby  Miijiir  .Iiisriili  Wi-ill. 

A  Aill  iircoUDt  of  Itiii  inunuinFiilal  ■iiDV'irtiiFtit  aud  of  Hie  dnllcatlrin,  nuiy  Iw  fouKil,  tn 
maDiwcriiiil  anil  prlnlcJ  rcjivna,  buuiKl  tOKullu-r.  In  rlit  amlilrc*  or  Ihr  Klinclc  ItlkDd  Ilia. 
IotIqbI  Suclrly.  A  more  rondi-uti-d  nrccuiil,  Curilalnlng  jutrllritliirl/  Iha  ilnllraturjr  »s*r- 
Cltri,  Wltli  Iho  onlpr  of  jinwrailoii,  ivmyiTi.  orniloii,  adilmitio,  (h1i>,  and  •ulprtalMnoBU, 

may  V  round  Id  imblliliid  forin.  in  t xcrUcni  *I)Ip,  1ft Hi*  tiiy  Ddntmrni  oT  I'ravlilrBrr, 
No.  TJ,  \fSt 

^Q  ttu  at  I*  known,  lUli  muDareinnt  In  Ihn  flrM  nl  IM  klixl,  butli  tn  toroi  all*)  ptufMiW.  srrr 
irrricil  in  Ani(!rlca.«r  In  forflfn  laiuU.  Wblla  Bliodu  Itlnnd  eherftlMa  il  for  aJI  ll«i  It 
rvprrwiili,  l'~rHi]ct>  liat  aM:*|jli>il  II  wllli  «iiial!oiia  tiT  lIuuikftiliMa. 


^ 


/ 


^a^ 


i^-Z^^L^. 


n 


588 


FKKSCH    Gl'ESTS    IN    RIIODB    I8I*AND. 


tlio  siipporl  of  public  free  schmilR  tlie  oily  expciidfid  anntially  tlie  »um , 
of  twci  bundnid  lliouttAiid  ilolbirs. 

M.  Oiiircy  miidr  a  plptunnl  response,  and  addressing  the  pupils, 
lie  &nid  : 

"  One  himdred  ytsan  ago  tboTD  vaa  an  alUaaoe  hstvrfien  jrour  (athcTs  Kad 
Qu».    When  otirnnny  Ml  America,  the  two  armies  jtmsped  Iiuids  and  prom 
IkihI  t»  111)  Irieiidn.  iiui)  il  Iiuji  Imnti  ho  for  onci  bundred  yv^r*.    Tlie  proof  of 
t1)f»  fricnitnliip  i»  our  coiniDfi  i^  Uiii  counUj  Co  oongrHCnlat«  it  upon  ib  itro^ 
pt-rlty  ami  Buciceaa." 

Tti<*  addn'M  waa  received  with  a  atorm  of  applaufw,  following 
which  the  pupils  Ming  "Auld  Lang  Sjnc/'  the  "Star  Spnuglod 
Tlaniior,"  arid  the  "  FIwr  vf  xho  Free."  with  ft  spirit  that  arouwd 
the  luptign  risitors  tn  cnlhuttiaNlic  mnnifMlatiou^  of  apprcoiatiou. 
Before  leaving  the  hall,  M.  Outrey  again  addressed  the  pupib,  and 
unid :  "  I  thank  vou  in  the  iinme  of  llie  delegation.  Don't  ever  for- 
gwl  lltat  Kraiic*'  ic  lUe  lit;:^.  nldfrt  and  first  fri»>nd  to  America.  I  bid 
you  guod-bru  ui  thi;  name  of  »a  rll."  The  iinprcasivt-  Ivare-takiug 
vus  iiuppleuiculc'd.  uu  the  part  ul'  the  pupiU.  br  the  waiving  uf  hand' 
kerchiefs,  the  clappin);  uf  linnds,  and  otlier  demoii^lratioM?  of  patri- 
otic feding.  Btffore  leaving  Ihe  building,  91.  Outrey  thanked  Priu- 
ci|>al  Ilojrt^  in  hejtrlv  ntid  aflcrling  phruM*,  for  the  grand  reception 
jrivpii  liv  the  childnMi,  mid  the  inem)»er«  of  tlie  dclegaliim  relumed  In 
their  quartcrB  delighted  wilh  what  they  had  .leen  and  heard. 

Seldom  lias  «i  many  pleasant  events  been  crowded  into  a  hiUf 
day  experif-nce.  Bui  faligned  liyrhe  extended  round  of  flight-flKeiog, 
BS  llie  fDririgii  giii-i^tfi  must  Imvo  been,  one  umre  cxpreMtion  of  wel- 
come nwaiied  llitiu.  That  wm  h  graud  banquet  at  the  Narrugaosett 
Uotel.  In  the  prepnration  of  thiit  enlertaiiimeut  there  was  displayed 
a  dcliratt.'  a*«thL>lii.'  tusle  iind  h  Chorunj;li  artiotiL'  xkil).  Under  the 
hrilliant  light  of  the  c1iaiiiloli<.-r!>  the  decoi-alJuuit  uf  the  hall  and  ibu 
ntlrer.  cTvstal  and  floral  lulomnientii  of  the  tahlea  created  for  the  eye 
a  fairy-like  secnc.  l*i'ior  to  euterinif  ihc  dining-hiill.  Colonel  Wil- 
liam Coddard  presenleil  to  the  members  of  the  Frenrh  delegation 
ez-Govemnr  William  W.  Ilitppln,  who  exliihilcil  to  thum  the  (amom  ' 
'•  Lfiftiyrlle  Mword,"  a*  tvhil<!d  on  pagcH  173-175. 

Nearly  imu  hundred  persons  eat  down  to  the  lablcE.  At  Ihe  first 
table  were : 

Hi*  Kxicllcuey  Alfred  H.  Mtllefield,  Governor, 

Max  Oulri'y,  French  MiniMer, 


OUR  FBKNCH  ALLIES.  589 

M.  le  General  Boulanger, 

Mr.  SevelloD  Brown, 

Kev,  Ezekicl  G.  Robioaon,  D.  I).,  LL.  D.,  President  of  Brown 

University, 
M.  le  Commandant  de  Cuverville, 
M.  le  Comte  d'Olonne, 
Ex-Governor  Henry  Lippitt, 
Chief- Justice  Thomas  M.  Durfce, 
M.  le  Colonel  Bossau, 
Right- Rev.  Thomas  F.  Hendrickeu. 

At  the  table  on  the  left  were  the  following  gentlemen  : 
Ex-Governor  "William  W.  Hoppiu, 
M.  \q  Comte  d'HauHsoiivillc, 
M.  le  Comte  dc  Beaumont, 

Honorable  Nelson  W.  Aldrich,  United  States  Senator, 
Honorable  Charles  8.  Bradley, 
Judge  Charles  Matteson, 
M.  Ic  Commandant  Descams, 
Judge  Pardon  E.  Tillin-jhast, 
Professor  George  I.  Chace, 
M.  Felix  Regamey, 
M.  Gaston  dc  Sahune, 
Thomas  Robinson,  Esq., 
General  Charles  R.  Dennis, 
Honorable  Rowland  Hazard, 
M.  le  Baron  Cliristian  d'Aboville, 
M.  le  Lieutenant-Colonel  Blondcl, 
Honorable  John  Carter  Brown  Woods, 
Zacliariah  Allen,  LL.  D., 
M.  le  Vicomte  Noailles, 
M.  le  Capitainc  Mason, 
I'rofessor  Charles  H.  Gates, 
George  W.  Danielson,  Esq., 
M.  le  Comte  do  Grasse, 
M.  Boulard  Fonqueville, 
Henry  E.  Tiinier,  M.  D., 
Professor  Alonzo  Williams, 
Henry  A.  Hidden,  Est;., 
M.  de  Pourcet  de  Sahime, 


OCK    KRENCH   ALLIES. 


591 


Hon.  G«orge  II.  C'orilas, 

Irl.  Burtout. 

Kev.  Daniel  Lemh,  D.  P.. 

K».-v.  FiX'tk-ric  Deuwuii. 

Hon.  John  K.  Tobey, 

Allwrt  A.  Folsoiii,   E«q.. 

Ilezekiuli  Coimut,  Vai\., 

Colonel  llcTiTj  A.  Pierce, 

Dnniol  G.  I-irtlffieM,  Ksq.. 

(.'olum;!  Ebtn  N.  LinlL'fn;Id, 

Samuel  Pcjiueroy  Coll,  Esq., 

Colonel  ChiLrl<?!<  H.  Williuin!). 

Ilunurablu  Haiuucl  Clurk, 

Colonel  Juliii  I*'.  Clarke, 

lion.  JoHhiitt  M.  Addoiuau, 

ColvDvI  John  C.  ttt'stinry, 

Hrvn,  Jnel  Jl.  .SjieiH-nr, 

Colon«I  E.  Chflriw  Fraiicia, 

His  llonur  Sleplien  P.  Slocum,  Mayor  or  Newport, 

EliB  Honor  WiUinm  S.  H«ywanl,  Mnyor  of  IVividcuoc. 

Tlic  UHM(]uel  wuo  cnlivi^itcil  liy  i-hoit-e  niii»ir,  reniViX'd  with  taste 
and  okill  hy  llie  (f«-niiiiiiiit  Iland.  Tlie  (i«rly  devoWil  about  two 
houn  lo  ihe  plciutircA  of  tlie  Inble,  when  Governor  IJttlefJeld  called 
it  to  order,  nnd  in  a  brief  specrli  iutrodnrcd  CK*Cliipf-.Tiiirticc  Clisrie* 
S.  BradW',  a  member  of  llie  eummillei'  ^i'  iirmiigenieii[<i.  Ju^ice 
Ilradloy  mntle  nn  eIiH|iient  farewell  Hililriut).     He  mM  : 

"  Your  tonrfiitlieni.  xTtrr  Iho  allinl  vkUJrj  at  VorktOwti,  retumod  10  tblfl 
BifttA.  AMI  eomped  in  ths«  <'ity.  U  vm»  in  ttiln  luuat  chill  and  tttormy  moDlli 
ot  Kuvwutict  tbat  ihL'y  pllvhci]  ihvir  '-niuii  ii[>vii  tln!  iK-iiihlAuvct  wliich  ilto 
winds  of  wlDterflwitpt  (rom  tli»-  nioiintaliis  to  tlie  4e«.  And  nioi'l)  of  tliat 
i-ftiup  remains  untouclitd  hy  plow  or  simdi-  ilurlUf;  Uw  CL-ntiiry.  Yon  wUhed 
U>  behnld  that  iiij[lit  m  full  of  sacrM  montaritd.  In  tlin  tmrial  ground  nf  our 
falhon  wen*  left  itiaiij'  of  yuur  dvod  U»ro<-J*.  Tlti^tr  asljiw  tire  lolnglisl  uith 
ita  »oll  forvTvr.  For  n  hnndrod  f  «nT»  tlit-  place  of  thi-ir  barial  has  Ijecu  faltli- 
(wlly  re«p*et«id.  W«  now  plitce  tlitrx,  In  rouK-n>Lran>-«  ilIiu  oI  jroiin-Dming 
— aniotiuuiADt  (jf  that  materia)  ai))iirl]{e{1  at  the-  f'arU  Ex|Kinittoii  tohv  the 
twst  for  monumental  (ttirpoM*-*  capable  of  the  hiclivttt  fluittli,  and  oodTiralilo 
tbat  time  aoil  fttorni  »i*eiD  to  luurh  it  onljr  with  nrriTpni  hands.  Upon  that 
•toiM,  In  luvmurjr  ut  jour  dead,  yout  liaads  laid  llie  ofltrrluK*  ut  ymr  hearts 
to-day.  Wu  look  ynii  In  MOinr  at  our  wi>rk>«ho|u.  Indtxil  our  SIaI«  in  nur  of 
the  work-flhopn  ol  Amprlni.  W«  are  pnxiJer  ol  the  aona  ami  daiicht'^rK  of 
toil  lliun  vf  thodv  ilellghtfiil  visions  of  hrniily.    V"<i  w«iM  to  ilio  Tllanio 


592 


FBENCQ   GCE8TS   IN   BHODE   I9LAXT>. 


vrork-«hop  vt  him  upon  whom  tho  institute  of  Fnin*.'«  hns  cunltvietl  the  Moa- 
t^on  medal.  Vou  fouD<l  then.'  mnd  pIm-wIip^i!,  »te«ai  and  in>n  lining  tl)«  work 
of  nan.  ik^lence.  )>.v  surh  Invcmianfl.  (a  pntpfttlnc  tor  th«  humnn  r»c«  on 
bothsidtM  u(  thu  orciui  th«  ufporliiiiiiy  luTalovi;U«Tuad  loftier  future.  And 
liwi,  fnti  natr  wbnt  we  love  llin  \^v*t  —  our  rhlUlreu  In  th<-ir  whouU.  Of  ihrm 
I  mwd  not  apeak.  Tlii^  miuio  at  tlieir  yatinj^  volcra  will  rrmain  In  jrour 
baartH  forever.  Vou  bsve  seen  no  trAlnAaiids  of  luilillers,  but  >'ou  have  >freii 
the  arllllery  and  thv  licroe*  who  cumiuur  our  only  trni'my.  Yua  haw  ba«n  tn 
■>ur  rnirr.rnlly,  anil  hranl  thi-ni  of  itn  Kj-ii)|i«thy  for  Franrv.  Wi;  trj^lo  mull* 
It  likr  tlic  old  univt>nittcs  of  France,  whk-li,  paMiiin!  ths  huitd,  lu  St  w«r«>, 
oror  the  commuutcles  around  tliem.  and  drawing  out  like  a  mofCDi't  tho  icilieU 
ODes,  ffuvv  tlieiu  ihu  devclopuvnt  which  tintiifi:  Inlunded,  ami  ihiih  ritlspd 
France  HninitK  the  natinnx  tn  tli(>  pinnadr  of  Rlory. 

"We  wish  that  ymi  i^ould  rcinnin  with  us  longer,  that  you  mijtill  *«*  f^ 
Stately  nunelona  yet  TcmiUning,  whi-re  j-our  fon^Iarhera  wore  welcomed  to  the 
bent  hospitality  of  the  time,  and  that  we  might  wi'lrutnc  you  to  oar  homi^a. 
Yet  we  hope  when  you  return  to  tho  homm  wf  Franuc,  m  Ererett  said  u> 
LafHyetle,  to  Lli^  "  vItioi'Iik)  hilla  of  your  own  d^ili^htful  PrftniN*,"  rou  will 
carry  some  recollect  ion  of  the  welcoiiiu  wbli-'li  you  have  oiiide  no  hrirf.  and 
we  hare  niade  Mniplf  and  aincero.  Nachlntc  rcnialnii  now  but  an  hour  ot 
poTBonal  and  friendly  Krccliiiii  fruiu  uitr  i-Sttzeus,  who  brlujt  with  tlieni  miuk^ 
of  the  danghtera  of  the  land  ;  and  to  hid  yon,  In  the  name  of  onr  StAte,  far^* 
well." 


On  ri»ing  froii)  lh«'  itiblt*.  llu-  guesu  pa^^cil  diructlv  into  tlie  liotuL 
[tnrlors.  where  they  found  a.4.<unn1)Ieii  a  lnr|;D  compaav  of  liulieft 
(some  of  thotn  iu  fult  crcning  drcKit)  and  p^titlctnen,  M-aitin;>  for  an 
inimducttun.  ThU  ciTemcitiy  wtis  piTformed  by  ex-Mayor  Doyle, 
and  (in  hour  ia  socinl  tnterroursc  imttocf]  Hgrei>nhly  Awny.  In  tlw 
niF^nntime  ihi;  flour  of  the  ditiiiig  hiill  Imd  been  eleared  for  danciog* 
Thia  euuliuued  uutU  a  lutv  liuur,  uud  v-iui  ibo  vloaJug  leaturu  of 
iliilighlful  festivity. 

On  >V«dno«lKy  inniiiing,  Nuveniber  2d,  llic  Fn-nch  gueidH  departed 
fi>r  Uo!>toti,  wvll  p1oA.>ied  tvith  the  attention  Ihcy  luui  received,  and 
feeling  thai  un propitious  mt  the  mky  had  been,  the  hearts  of  their 
IVovidoncc  hosts  were  wurm  and  siimiy. 

Ill  RoKtoii  the  Krenc'h  ^ue^iR  wen.'  received  with  di!iltngiiidh<Nl  eoD- 
Aidurntiuii.  Tliey  vi»it«d  Hunker'^  Hill  and  other  pUfe«  of  npeeinl 
intercut  to  them.  Beaching  New  York  Novtiiubcr  Jih,  tlicy  wt 
L-omplimentod  wilh  a  receptiou  and  ball,  given  at  Termce  GardcD,  by* 
the  l^reiieh  rejtidents  of  lh«  city.  Siwrn  after,  M.  Ootrey  dlMolvutl 
the  ufTieinl  eominiiwioii,  and  in  .lanuary.  IHH^,  sueh  iiK-mbers  of  thu 
delegation  na  did  not  pfolrftcl  Iheir  sojourn  for  travel  in  the  United 
Stated  returned  to  Pnria. 


>-- 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES.  593 


BANQUET   GIVEN   TO   THE    FBEKCII    DELEGATIUX    AT   THE 
NABRAGANSETT    HOTEL. 

The  ifenu  wai  of  the  inost  elaborate  uid  temptlog  chftnwter,  and  the  cordB  on  whicb  It 
vru  printed,  botli  In  French  and  In  Enjcllsli,  were  mBTTcIs  of  tjpograpliy.  For  the  gratlB- 
cation  of  mme  curlouH  disciple  of  ApiciuB,  who  maj  be  present  at  the  next  eeotennlal 
banquet,  the  prognunnie  U  here  pre«erTcd : 

BILL    OF    FAKE. 


Rhode  Island  Ojatera. 

ttOUF. 

Green  Turtle.  Jelly  Broth.  Roral. 

FIHll. 

BoUeit  .Salmon.  Trout,  Saaee  Colbert.  English  Tnrbot,  Bftked. 

Tolatoes  l*arIsicDDe.  Cucumbera. 

RKHUV  E8. 

Truderlolo  of  Beef,  Bralsetl,  Kothachlld. 

Young  Turkey,  with  Celery,  Brown  Sauce. 

.'iaddle  of  Venl«an,  Currant  Jelly. 
French  I'eas.  I'otatoes.  Cauliflower. 

ESTRftKS. 

Potted  Quail,  Royal  Faahlon.  Small  Oyster  I'attles. 

C'utetette  ol  Scjuab,  Chevalier  Style,  Hayonnulieor  Chicken. 

Tomatoes.  Sweet  I'otatoes.  Spinach. 

Koinnn  I'linch. 


Broiled  Woodcock,  on  Toast,  with  Water  Cresses.        Itout  Chicken  Grouse,  Quince  Jelly. 
Dressed  l.etluce.  Celery.  Olives. 


Charlotte  Kusse,  Parislau  Style.  Fruit  Ices.  Maccarooos.  Biscuit  Diplomat. 

Meringues  Chantilly.  Xeapulilan  Ices.  Champagne  Jelly. 

llamb  org  Grapes.  I'ort  Wine  Jelly. 

Tears.  Malaga  Grapes.  Florida  Oranges. 

Coffee. 


7a 


594  FREIfCa  GUESTS  IN  BHODE  ISLAKD. 


MEMORANDA. 


THE    FRENCH     VISITORS. 

The  following  is  an  official  list  of  the  Freach  visitors : 

M-  M.  Outrey,  envoyu  extraordinaire  ct  ministre  plSnipoten 
tiaire  de  la  R^piibliqiie  Frau<;aise  aux  Rtats-UQis, 

M.  le  G6n6ral  George  Ernest  Boulanger, 

M.  lo  Commandant  LichtensLein, 

M.  le  Commandant  de  Cavalier  de  CiivcrviUc,  capitaine  d< 
vaisseau, 

M.  le  Colonel  Bossau, 

M.  le  Commandant  Dcscams,  capitaine  de  fregate, 

M.  Fr.  de  Corcelle,  secretaire  d'ambassadc, 

M.  F6Iix  Regamey,  d£legii6  du  ministre  dcs  beanx-arts. 

M.  le  Lt.  Colonel  Blondcl, 

M,  le  Commandant  do  Pusy, 

M.  le  Capilaino  ^rasuii, 

M.  Sctiilling.  licuterimit  dc  vjuiiHciUi, 

M.  Bouliird-Pouqiieville,  yofivlaire  d'ambassade, 

M.  de  Ponrcet  de  Saliimc,  liiMitenaiit  di'  dragon'^. 

M.  le  Comte  de  Gras!»e,  sous'liciitcnuiit  d'infanterie  de  marine. 

Rppr^sentaHls  dcs  /amilles,  doul  Ifs  'iiio'fri-s  out  pris  part  a  la  tiuerri 
tl'indi-pnidaiice. 

JLidumc  la  Marrjui^e  de  R()chambcan, 
Madame  Loyseaii, 
Madenioiselk'  dc  Clinmbrun, 
M.  le  Marquis  de  Roeliaiiibenu, 
M.  le  Comte  d'Olonuc, 


OUB  FBBNCH  AliLIKB.  595 

M.  le  Comte  d'Hausaonville, 

M.  le  Comtc  de  Beaumont, 

M.  le  Baron  Henri  d'Aboville, 

M.  Gaston  de  Sahune, 

M-  de  Gouvello, 

M.  Ic  Baron  Christian  d'Aboville, 

M.  le  Victjmte  dc  Noaillps, 

M.  le  Marquis  Laur  de  Lestrade, 

M.  le  Vicomte  d'OIonnc. 

Also, 

M.  Gfirard,  secretaire  de  la  legation  de  Franco, 

M.  le  Capitsiue  de  la  Chere,  attach^  militaire  a  la  ligation  de 

France. 
M.  Bertoiit,  attach^  a  la  Ugation  dc  France. 


Deacendantt  of  Baron   Steuben. 

Colonel  Amdt  Von  Steuben,  Chief  of  tlie  Mission, 

Captain  Fritz  Von  Steuben, 

Captain  Eugene  Von  Steubeu, 

Lieutenant  Berandt  Von  Steuben, 

Lieutenant  Kuno  Von  Steuben, 

Lieutenant  Anton  Von  Steuben. 


596  PROVIDENCE  LIBERTY  TREE. 


PROVIDENCE  LIBERTY  TREE.* 

Dkdicatkd  wits  ak  Oration  bv  Silas  Dowkir,  Jult  SB,  ITM. 

Cut  down  Aboat  IMI. 


FOUM    OF    nSDICATIOX. 

AnerllicorHlion,  the  f;Fn(lcm<?u  of  tliFpsrt^RcatMlin  the  tree  rpvemitljlatd  their  hKndi 
iiixiii  it,  wlu'ii  Mr.  Ddwntr,  111  cloar,  dlBlinct  tones,  pronounced  the  following  words  of 

ooiir-ecraliiiii : 

"  Wv  do.  ill  llir  nnmi;  and  bi-lmlf  of  nil  tlio  true  Konn  of  LJbrrtj  in  AmeriCK,  Grent 
Itrilnlii,  Iri'Iniiil.  Coriiicn,  or  wliorcBoevi-r  they  may  be  dispersed  throughout  tile  world, 
ilediculf  and  !"oli'nnily  devote  lliis  tree  lo  be  a  true  tree  of  liberty.  SI«y  all  our  counciln 
and  deliberiiliiin*  iiiidi-r  l[B  veiieralile  brani-lies  be  K^lded  l>y  wisdom,  and  directed  Tor  the 
Hiippiirland  nialiiteniiiice  of  lliat  liberty  whioli  our  renowned  forefBlher!i  sooght  out  and 
found  under  trceii  and  in  the  wildernePl.  May  it  Iuhk  flourish,  and  may  the  roni  ofliberty 
often  repair  hither,  tu  confirm  and  slrenKllien  eich  other;  when  they  loolc  towards  this 
."acred  Ktm,  niiiy  tliey  be  penetraleil  wllh  ii  ^ense  of  their  duty  to  ihemnelves  and  their 
piMterity;  and  may  they,  lilie  tlie  h(iu«p  of  Uavld,  grow  ttronger  and  slronser,  while  their 
fneml'-«.  like  the  house  of  Saul,  shall  grow  weaker  and  wealier.    Amen." 

*Aaxt,  p.  4M. 


APPENDIX, 


COUPRUINO 


Miscellaneous   Letters   and  Other  Papers. 


1700-1830. 


APPENDIX. 


NORTH    BUKIAL    AND  TKAININO    GROITNUS    LAID  OUT. 


"  TowM  M  RKTiKO,  Juno  10, 1700. 

"  WhereiM,  It  hath  thin  daylseen  propo«pd  that  Bom«  convpnient  pipcn  of 
laud  mar  be  slated  to  We  lo  comniori  continually,  to  b*-  tot  tli«  nsc  of  mltllAry 
aSnlrti  for  tninittit  of  Aoldirn,  &<r..  Sec,  n,tn\  aIko  ax  n  pliw<-  to  itt<  for  the  utw  of 
Wr.vluK  vf  ihcduiKl,  antl  lonnyof  Ihu  piinliuHi-n  nnd  FToi^rit'tun  of  land  of 
this  town  of  ProTtdetK'e,  being  now  toet  tcigpther,  and  having  roimiili-rril  the 
iua.tt«r,  do  ujipn^h^-ml  it  to  be  a  nultalile  motion  anil  conveui<>nt  thi3  Aamw  to 
propajiniA;  ami  (or  an  mat-M  nn  it  linlli  hlitnTta  lH><'n  omlttAil  when  It  mlitlit 
(happily)  bv  with  uioto  conrcnieoL-y  oSrctad,  yaX  now  well  woitctuDii  Lb« 
moUon  and  Hncllng  time  there  Is  a  neccMltjr  of  the  pprfonning  of  tht>  saniir, 
and  it  longer  ujnillM  tlif?  more  iucuuvi^uli:uc3-  wilt  appt-ai:  it  is  therefore  hy 
thv*b  prcacnta  ordend,  diMormitK^d  and  af^rccd,  and  bjr  tbcHo  pRwenI*  ilo 
bersbj  order.  det4>rtDlne  and  UKn^o,  ilmt  all  i)ioee  Common  Landt  bloR 
bctimen  th«  Iniid  IwluiiulEilt  tu  AMiUmld  Walknr  whutvori  fa«  now  dw«ll«th, 
and  soiithwanl  to  lh<>  brook  n-hjHi  ninni:tli  out  ol  Snmtiol  Whlppl>r,  ar.,  hia 
land  whereon  hi:  now  dwdlcth,  and  co-tiwiLrd  with  lh«  highway,  and  wcNt^ 
ward  and  north^wMlward  with  MoHhaMirk  lllvi^r,  nhall  ppxpetually  lis  In 
coiniuoii  toi  till-  uses  aforsaaid,  and  f ur  othoi  publk  tisuaiu  the  tvwn  ohnll  i«e 
cau8«,  not  dainnefylng  what  Is  aforesaid  piondsed,  and  that  n  linrving-pliu:!! 
beboundr-d  out  of  tb^-  nidd  trait  ol  Land  in  the  ploL'*',  and  what  quantity, 
three  niftn  whifh  tho  town  nhall  inaki;  <^liuli-«  of  aliall  appoint.  And  If  any 
appropriated  lunda  lylna  within  thu  llnill*  afore  spLt-ifiod  Ik,-  ut  aiiy  tituc  latd 
down  lo  romnLon,  it  shall  ronUnually  In  coroiaon  r^ngain,  and  not  be  appio. 
prtutcd  to  any  ])crsoi].  any  turmer  ftct,  order  or  clsiuc  iheruin  to  the  contrMjr 
hereof  notwlth^^  landing."* 

This  ^onnd,  «9  surveycil  nnd  platierl  in  ITfi-*,  by  F.  C.  Harris, 

contained  fifty-Lwu  acns  and  (liirty-l)iri><-  nxLi.  It  lias  boun  several 
iiiiii-^  L'liliirgvd.  llic  lititt  tiiiiu  bv  tbi*  uuiiex»liui]  ut'tllu  ItiiiiiUll  i-8tal«, 
(origiiiiilly  ArcbibabI  Wiilker's,)  wliich  tioitiiilcil  it  on  the  north. 
* '  The  brook  wiiicb  riuincth  out  of  Satauel  Wliijjple,  sr. ,  ha  land,"  is 
now  cwuvt'ytO  by  a  wrert'd  way  aci^ws  iSvxtuu  strvct.      TIw  first 

•Boofcl.p.«>. 


■w 


APPBKPIX. 


j^TATo  nude  ID  ihu  ground  was  that  of  the  above  naniec]  .Saninrl 
W1^pp1'^,  5r.  A  Mon^  fiiiitAhlr  inM^ril>ci].  ift  np  maov  j«u*ft  8gn  bv 
tfau  liiu<  Mr.  Dexter  Tliurbcr,  marks  the  spot.  Th«  first  negro  burial 
in  Ui»  ground  was  Obe  Garthier.  His  gnre  wosl  in  the  Miith-wmt 
corner,  near  the  mouumeut  to  Frcueb  «c4dier».  Many  ni'irmea  and 
white  iMUVM  of  oeigbboring  lowns  were  buried  in  thai  Tiduitjr. 


A  SCENE  IS  THE  BOfAL  CIBCLB  AT  FAKIS. 

(aznucr  om  a  Lnraa  wtton  rAKU.) 

"  LoKDOs.  Aa^uM  13, 1T78. 
"  Tlir  Kit));  ind  Qnttca,  thti  KQ&teter.  Lord  StomoDt,  Dr.  Franklin  and  Mr. 
I>eaa«,  are  Ui«  prlndpol  actor*  ber«  In  the  gnat  thaatr«  of  politics.    Frank- 
Ud,  Deaiw,  and  tb«  Qa««n,  play  agpUnsi  Storinoat  and  Uaoiepaa,  and  tba 
King. 

"Tbs  Qnaan  arowa  bo-"  If  tb«  frteud  of  Aasriea ;  tbe  KIok,  tha  friend  oC 
pence:  Slonnont  and  .ur«>[n».  the  faitUnl  •ervants  of  their  naataia; 
Fruiklln  nnil  Ilruinr,  tlir     -mrdinns  of  4>pprnttnt  rirtu^. 

"Ttui  VuM'n  rallies  AluuropaH ;  Uw  MinlHUrr  Hutimits :  nod  the  Ktn^  ia 
ftllont,  ijll  iirorvkvd  lo  *|Hruk  l>y  tin?  jtarUier  of  hip  n^Knl  lionon,  who  one 
day  anslgni-d  htm  for  wunt  of  spirit ;  he  maile  iinswer: 'Consider,  a  KlnfE  is 
not  lucb  for  blmiell ;  ht  ow«a  bla  whole  ncll  tu  the  aerrice  of  lib  cuitnlry.' 
*  I  admit  It,'  ri^plled  tbe  ijiieim,  ■  and  it  Is  Uiat  Krvic«  o(  yoar  people,  which 
Ik  inj  arj{Uiiit>nt.*  Hear  tbclr  oplmons.  The  KIdk.  inmlnif  to  lier  with  a 
•mile,  taUl, '  Tbelr  opiniona  are,  Ibnt  the  openi  is  bvcter  <mlcn1at«d  fur  Toot 
Majra^tbaa  the  cobiHet.'" 


UKTKEAT  Oy  St'LLrVAJf'S  A&MY.— I7T9. 

A  further  coiitirmatiun  of  the  Atatement  made  on  pa^c  101),  lfa«t 
Sullivan's  nrmy,  nftcr  the  biitili^  on  Rhode  Tslnnd.  relrcated  m'masi 
llowland'a  Ferry,  i*  found  in  llio  folloning  bill,  prc»cr\C'd  among  iho 
papers  of  Holomon  Peck.  Mr.  Prck  wne  r.he  boo  of  Icbalnid  luid 
.Tuditli  (Paiiii')  Ppi'k,  and  was  lM»ni  m  that  part  of  Allli'lion),  now 
Cnnihcrlund,  R.  L,  April  \\).  17.t3.  Ho  ruamvd  Mon-y  Fotrtt-r, 
dnugliter  of  Rbeiiexer  FoMer.  of  Cumberlniid.  June  14,  1756,  hy 
whom  lie  hnd  six  Rtiiis  and  two  daughter;',  lie  settled  in  WrentlMin, 
MwM!.,  whvri.-  liu  Httaiu^d  lo  dUlinvliun,  and  bocatnv  a  wealthy 
fanner.  Ht^  di<>d  DccemtM-r  IM,  1H02,  m  the  seventiolh  year  of  hU 
ajje.  Mr,  Peck  served  in  the  canjpai^n  on  Rhode  Tslund.  Wlwtber 
tin?  l>ill  litre  cited  was  pivseiited  and  pttid,  does  pol  appear. 


OUR    FRENCH    ALLIES. 


601 


"Auit.  SOth,  (        Tmb  Ukitbo  8tatm  or  Axertca. 
1778,        1 

To  BOLOHOtr  PacK,  Ob. 

"  Tfi  niindry  urtirtes  lost  in  ths  reiniat  from  the  Island  of  Rhode  Isluid  Is 
paMlnft  UowIand'B  Kerrjr,  ao  called,  viz. : 

"  To  oil*  |{rti«t  Co»t,  .....  .               .             OS 

"To  on*  larRe  nr-w  blanket,                             .  .               ,               .         fi 

"To  one  pair  low^^-kiUi  ttoWM:ra,                           ,  l  10 

"To  one  p»ir  yarn  stockinRs.          .  ,                            .14 

"  To  onu  llannKi  iihirt,  ,                %  m 

"To  one  ko»iwack,  ,                           .        1  10 


£2au 


xfcrCo 


^yrxK^^yt^ 


9^cJy 


"Sworn  to  in  CumborlAnd,  IStli  of  November.  A.  D.  I7T8.  b«(oK  Jobo  Des* 
tor,  Juatke  of  P^ace." 


LETTER  FROM  COITNT  DB  ROCHAMBBAU  TO  08NBBAL 
HEATH. 

"Howi-AltD's  Fkmbt,  Auguat  7.  ITHO. 

"  I  approre  enlfrclj  the  disposition  proposod  by  Oeiieml  Hcuth  (or  the  mili- 
tia ;  lat,  lo  send  hack  directly  all  ihose  thai  ar»  lallpil  for  (tils  exiruonlJimry 
occiisluit ;  'J(l,  It)  ki-i-|i  till  ilawland'a  Piirrj^  Turt  Itn  I1niii1i(-(l,  (lir  four  rrgimenta 
from  TlMtoci,  tlmt  ia  all  oaSM  our  c oinmiinlcattons  with  The  continent  majr  he 
pvrfectlr  «asy  aod  safi.' :  3d.  I  Iwk  "'  bUo  to  asBiii«  our  G«-n(!r&] iMltno  tliat  wo 
will  employ  them  In  such  a  manner,  to  our  woikn,  thut  tli<>y  ntny  nul  nuftleui 
their  intUtary  duty.  (Julnoel  <jrei^u«'»  r«gimiMit  will  be  t\\\\tm  enough  at 
Hiandcr-hoiijid,  (?1  wher«  it  ahall  stay  tn  tiirnUh  mr<  with  s»me  worhiu«n  on 
my  ra<loubt9  to  wurk  with  my  own  troops.  Slnt;e  our  GenRralliuImo  iji  ao 
good  an  to  loavc  it  lo  me  either  to  keep  here  Geiiernl  Ileulh  or  to)>endblm 
baok  to  heftdi^uailL-rt),  I  will  hr^  of  him  t<i  allow  tltal  hr  may  ntny  with  me, 
because  I  love  and  eal«em  lilm  va.«tly,  and  that  ho  in  Vl^^y  nocesaory  lo  me  for 
all  our  lntell!](en<:e,  with  all  the  Qofernon  of  tfau  several  Colted  8lat«a,  aox 
allloH. 

"A  rtcs^ttiT  from  the  Eiijtlijh  Heel,  who  i-itmn  yMlerday  from  Hlock  Island, 
■ftys  that  he  has  left  It  behind  that  island,  and  we  ulwara  mw  tbeii  Frigate* 
who  ar«  a  cruloliiE  aa  muvh  a>  tho  ton  will  p«rmtt  It. 


U.  lytz.^^X^'^ot^.i^^^^/^ 


-e«..4.<. 


"  I  send  to  the  AiliQirnl  the  letter  you  have  received  from  Bedlord.*  nea- 
tlonlng  tbfl  plooe  where  thi-  (Jal*t«a  is  now  crubiDg  in  £uuanl's  Bay." 


7fi 


•jfewDsorom. 


■•»  z 


rs::3t  ^ryTa\.L 


HE^TH   TO   COU>2FEL-COXaCA2a>n(C 
J^COB& 


~  XswTOKT.  Augnit  38, 1780. 
'  "■«■«  ?£&  — ^  vw  -T'lir-TTMJ  i^t  JMS  «Tc«iB^  fran  Gcneisl  Coddi  <1« 
£.'>"ji^a.':rju.  "u;^  "Sh  Tiapnt  PiLUu  K  Baxu'  Hill  do  not  prosecatc  tbi 
T  :r^  V— :i  — ^x  — ijuc  a..r^ni{%  ite  xxBi«r  ct  b^  reqnixed  do  go  on  in 
zii-  ii.;m.T£  -^ifT-  ■»■!«  la-;  &  T-sy  B&kH  p»n  of  ifce  IJ«t — ss  the  Work*  at 
3:1":?  ^—  kT:  :-:iiKiii-i:^£  c  xT^as  ^st^-r^kac*  K>  A»  ScctuitT-of  this  IsUnd, 
-_!"  ■  a  is^  -f  -uLiir-iae-L  w-ri  ^1  aosK.'iuf  £^^ac«— tluswill  oot  be  done 
*  ii<  ii~  - j>-  Tii^-:<n.u:r  KSea'^.'a  ^^  fxenk'c*  a<  the  oAeen  vho  mmt  pat 
U'i  i— :  f-is-T-  -^  t.-^  j,3ii:ri.-a — ttil  wil  Aezcfoce  i4«»e  to  impreaa  on  the 
<9>  -rs  .f  ^  r^xkr  ^^sjs  3>^'^r;r»ect7  I"  3f  skjd  Ihftt  for  two  or  three  dsjn 
Tifcjc  ri*  -  r;-  _— .f  -r^ct  iiU  ;»ii!i  i  ««-  I  Msa  «ea9able  that  di£s>iiig  is  hard 
a^'i  -^r^  ^r'jiH.M.  ii.-r.  >i;.-  ;i^r^T-.r%a>'->  cTvnv^iM  all  otMarles,  and  sach  parts 
.■f'-ir-ru;  k»  1.-^  iii.-i>.';:i=J.-r'U!u(  3LSf3  Vve-UinivoTed.  I  bare  been  thus 
nkr=<.'i.^^  ;K-r-xi.<«<^  I  v:i  f^-.-t;*  liia:  t^  visbes  of  oqt  Friends  may  be 
fczsT^rr-;  ii-i  1  t^  ■  .a  7  :>^  arvar-c  asi  Ex«t»tt>  lac  the  reform  ol  every 
•^  ■"£■  ^za:  n  Lz:.dtt.  u>i  r.-  kil:  aati  f-y.-^'*  wkte  it  i>  nnrai   fj 


1  :<ir  »M=«u  s*r 


■?:     >-:'L'>M;'S    r-?.  '-n-XE    TO    HIS    SISTER    SAl-LT    DBOWNT:. 

'■  Fe>TTiarT  16. 

V  .-  .'.  :■  -'^i'.'.  i  :  ji"  ■:'.■  i«-  :■:  ii-  j.-  :>.i;  :i-  ;:Ttj:T*:  (Imeral  on  earth  is 
ir.  I  ■:•.■.  :-f  r:_  ;.  :.'.':  j.:  yr<:'^r'.\j  tv j*  tij^.tr^l  a:  Srwport  the  illustri- 
.  ^*-:.:  .j^   -.  ii. ;.  ij  i-::i.-c  :a;=:  :::x;t  c;  weliome,  the  town  was  to  be 


Ir<    a:.':'!.vr  ;'-;:.-r.  Dr.  Hr  w:if  v-;»r.*  Wa^hinpiOD  the    "American 

li-li.-'ariu-," 


DR.    SOLOMOX    DROWNE    TO    M.    DE    SILLY. 

Pro  vide  niia-.  Jio  ol  mo.  Augiisii.  A.  D.,  17t«0. 


"  £t  iiuni  lie  Baih.-hfrTia  [Bowitrr'  i|ui<l  ^cril-uui.    Ilror  Xv  illam  ixpe  vidjaae 
all  iHtu  iHiuiKiTK  quo   tc  reliqui.     Innocentia,  modestia.  omnesque  rirtutea. 


L 


OtTR   PUKNCH   A1.I-IE3. 


fioa 


luae  ronrlliani   m«Dtrm  ad  iiiu>c«ptlone]n  (»rileni,  ilUm  anialiileiii,  suAvrin, 
tormuAatu,    tviiutittu,    vvuimiitiu,  i-aiidlilaui,    bliudulitin,    hllsKiu    rcrwun- 
daitii|»ci    piialbim  esrulnnt. 
"  Vulo  ml  ■mice,  »uiu  tui  uuidMiimui." 


L£TT£R   FROM   AOMtRAL    HE  TBRNAT   TO   OEXKllAL 
WASIIIXrtTON. 

Ou  pitge  345,  it  was  vtnled,  tlint  hchtcIi  fur  itn  auto|n^ph  sigimlure 
nrAdiuirHl  Di?  TiTimv  Imd  liot-ii  iiiii'UftvspfuI.  Simv  IIumi.  tli*  search 
has  bceu  couliiiufO,  aud,  tit  tliv  muiiK-ul  of  cKwiiig  LliiEt  volum*.-,  it 
has  becD  rewarded  wilh  lh«  following  copy  of  «  kaior  from  iho 
Arlminil  to  \VHJthiii;itun ,  further  uilh  a  tracing  of  liis  Mgiiiiture, 
crMirlvuiinly  |>iV8uiiU-tl  Ut  mv  Ity  Eluii.  WilliHin  Ilutitrr.  of  the  SUtc 
DrpurtmcDt,  at  Wnftliiiigtoii : 

"«•  11  9  tire  [IT80.)  n<l«  do  Newport. 
"  Moxmkl-k:— .I'ay  recu  la  Itttn  qit*  voire  exw'llcnrv  m'n  tuit  rhonaeur  de 
nt'^iliv  do  huit  Svplciuhiv  J<!  Mrni.v  *  linrtford  le  'JO  >li  ec  luois  avn-  >louid4.lir 
le  cotnlfi  (1«  rorhArnbtaii  rotrc  royagr  atasi  qiiw  If  noiM  enl  auburdontf  sans 
doutte  aux  nionvvtaoiu  qut  poarront  w  laira  k  Xevryorck  couiiij<?  I«  luiva  doll 
I'etrc  k  r«iix  dv  \'o»v»i[tc  vnnntou'  <|u[  e*t  niMuill^  artuvll«iiu'nl  tioits  la  poiale 
de  I'val  (1*^  lotix  Miami  j*^  dt-oln-  lili-n  vlveinvnl  qu«>  rtrii  no  rontinrie  urn?  vntr«' 
vuuqiii  pourm  dewrmioer  ItMoperalioDSdo  ranUresalson  Jeaubavw  tout 
I'DttiKliviuent  ot  Is  rwpeol  ponlbTc, 


"MoDilflor, 


ITRASSLATIOK] 

Soplt^mlMT  II.  nMuIalfnd  uf  Ncnjmtt. 
Sir:— I  hare  reci-lred  Xhf  Wicr  which  Vour  Exocllrnf.v  did  tnr  tlii<  honor 
to  vcftA  to  me  on  ih«  ttth  of  8c>|>t4>inb<<r.  I  sliali  be  at  Jlartlurd  on  the  zuth  of 
this  niuatli.  with  Count  d«  R<wliauilH<aii.  Vonr  JunriK^jr,  nn  wvll  aa  our  own, 
taBiihordiDittp,  vrithout  douht,  U>  IImi  Diuvamcnt*  whh-h  tiiay  1m-  mndp  at  Xow 
Yurk.  aa  iiiitiv  U  to  be  lo  iIiom;  of  tboCDcmy'ii  •qna'iron.  nhk-h  is  now  inoori-d 
umltr  the  eaatera  point  of  Long  Island.    I  desire  vitj  earnestly  that  uot)iiD|[ 


ma}-  thwart  an  tntprrlw  which  mny  dvtcrnilne  ib«  operatiou  Id  iIm 
end  o(  Iha  •c«M>n.    I  ant  wltb  alt  puuihlo  altacliniRiit  ami  napect. 
Bit. 
Tour  moti  lionbl*  »a(l  nraat  otwdWat  servstii, 

IJC  CliEVALIEB    OE   TEJtNAT> 


PBOVI8I0N  MAOK  FOR  FBENCU  TROOPS  IK  PHOVIDENCE. 

SiiriT  io  April.  1781,  tfa«Q()Ut«rmasler-G«[i«r&l  of  HIb  Mosi  ChHni&n  MajM 
ty'a  aruijr  rm|urat(<il  pvmii«[ian  t'>  aiijimpiriuti*  thr  Market  Uuam?,  ti>  kIutb  tbi 
btiggage  ot  the  ariDj,  and  lh«  Utwn,  April  Wh,  gr»nU-(I  Mm  pcrmiasios  "  b 
nnke  iu«  of  the  upper  Infu  of  t.h«  Market  Hou»«  BulUlmg.  as  long  m  he  shall 
wuit  the  MUnc  for  the  aii«  of  suid  amiy,  on  i-otiiUtloti  of  hU  laylDS  k  tJchl 
iIudUa  fluor  In  the  oiiOdle  uf  thv  toll.&nd  kerpliiK  and  It-avini;  thv  ntaUowioJ 
that  pari  of  said  Ijulldlns  nlilth  fthall  be  Improvsd  \<y  the  unny  tn  as  good 
repair  aa  the  ■aitii!  nuw  are,  (narinK  the  n«tar*l  docay.)  and  baildiog  siifh  • 
pair  of  stairs  m  he  mnj  think  proper,  in  Mich  ploca  aa  shall  be  <Ur«cud  l>^ 
tba  gwatleneii  b«n  natnt-d,  viz.  :  Nichulua  Browa,  Eaq..  Mr.Ebaaoxvr  Haid- 
iDg.  and  Jamea  Lorelt,  E«q," 

At  a  town  intirtjng.hcld  Aufpiit  (I,  llftl,  Colonel  Jonatbao  Arrmid  and 
^nln  Bourne.  Ef-q..  State  Coiuuilttee.  were  aatborlied  tu  provide  qnarten 
fur  the  Fti?m'li  onttrern  and  turneuii*,  •Utioned  at  Provld«iwe.  the  rent  thet«> 
for  to  tx!  iMid  iiul  of  Ihi-  arxt  town  tax. 

At  a  town  m«-i7t.in^.  held  Aiiput  M).  1781,  Mr.  John  Demount.  Orersen  ot 
the  Work-huiise,  was  directed  to  clear  that  bulldlnjt  v(  it>  fnniatco,  and  to 
deliver  it  to  Major  I)«  Ptvz,  lor  ilie  purtxiee  ot  barracking  the  troopo  of  Ilia 
MoNi  Chrbtiuii  MkjpkT}-.  A  lar^pr  and  m|>aciui]a  biiildiitK  (Rhode  lalaiid  Col- 
lege?] improrrd  u  n  hoKpituI,  was  also  given  up  to  the  nse  of  the  officera. 
Id  Marvh,  1T82,  most  of  the  Freoch  troops  beintf  witliJrawn,  (he  comtnaail- 
Ing  ofBner  and  the  few  ofllcers  occupying  It  willi  hira,  uem  mqueatod  to 
vat.-at<<  It,  uulviu  thejr  chose  to  oontxatt  with  Che  owners  Co  continue  there  at 
thclt  awn  cliargiH.  as  the  flnsnces  of  the  town  did  "  not  adniU  of  tent  being 
paid  by  tho  town  for  the  same  unjr  longer  titue  than  till  the  Arst  day  of  April 
next." 


LSTTEK  PROU  COUNT  ROCHAMBEAU  TO   OOVSRKOR  QREBKB. 

"  NKwromr,  27  May,  1T81. 
"  Bin :— I  hnrc  the  honor  to  send  to  Tour  Excolluacy,  Ma)or  FIcurjr,  who 
has  the  honor  to  IreiiequsiDted  witli  yon.  He  will  deliver  into  your  haadM 
Oeneral  Waihiugtou'a  Itilter.  You  will  «ee  by  it  that  he  reiqulres  yon  wouM 
call  Imm^dlatoly  fire  hundred  inSlitia  men,  which  hn  has  regulated  for  reliov- 
Ing  the  Frcneh  body  at  Newport.  Ttiu  Admiral  and  myself  are  of  opinlou 
that  this  U  a  very  favorable  Inatunt  to  put  our  respective  forces  in  molioo  Io 
fuiftll  the  echaoie  dtrteroiltied  lu  the  lata  conterauL-v  with  Gaaeral  WasbiaiE- 
ton. 


OUB   FBEMCH  ALLIES.  605 

"  I  trust  to  Your  Excellency's  diBcretlon,  and  under  condltian  of  the  great- 
eat  secrecy,  this  information.  I  beg  at  the  same  time  jou  would  give  Imme- 
diate orders  to  collect  at  Newport,  as  soon  as  poiulble,  the  live  hundred  men. 
General  Washington  and  I  would  wish  their  commander  to  be  a  man  of  abili- 
ties, firmness  and  spirit,  and  such  that  we  could  depend  upon  in  all  circum- 
stances whatever.  I  beg  Your  Excellency  vould  send  him  here  as  soon  as 
possible,  that  we  could  determine  and  agree. 

"  Your  Excellency  will,  I  hope,  be  persuaded  how  much  I  lament  the  loss 
at  your  friend  and  relative.  Coloael  Greene.  I  had  the  greatest  regard  and 
esteem  for  an  ofhcer  of  such  merit. 

"  I  have  the  honor  to  he  with  great  respect, 

"Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 


^   C^^^Om^  ^  <^i^*-»--/^ 


-«  A..«X_ 


LAFAYETTE    TO    A  COMMITTEE    OF  CITIZENS  OF  BALTIMORE. 

"Mk.  Lyon's  Plaktatioh,  ( 

"20  miles  from  Willama'bg,  July  the  3d,  1781.  J 

"Gemtlbxin:— By  Major  McHenry  you  will  receive  some  papers  that 
relate  to  the  affair  in  which  you  have  so  kindly  assisted  ine.  But  I  claim  the 
pleasure  personally  to  express  my  obligations  to  you,  and  beg  you  to  be  con* 
vlnved  that  they  have  excited  the  most  grateful  and  everlasting  sentiments  in 
my  heart  — permit  me  to  reijuest  my  respectful  thanks  may  be  presented  to 
the  ladies  of  Baltimore.  {Who  had  furnished  his  troops  with  clothing.]  I  am 
proud  of  my  obligations  to  them,  not  only  from  a  general  respect  (or  the  fair 
sex,  but  more  particularly  because  I  know  the  accomplishment  of  those  to 
whom  I  am  indebted.  I  am  happy  in  the  ties  of  gratitude  that  bind  me  to 
them,  and  beg  leave  once  more  to  assure  you  of  the  regard  and  attachment  I 
have. 

"  Your  most  obedient  servt. 


LETTER  FROM  ADMIRAL  BARRAS  TO  GOVERNOR    GREENE. 

"  Newport,  13  July,  1781. 
"Sib:— I  learn  from  the  newspapers  that  the  house  la  which  I  lodge,  and 
have  my  otUce.aud  the  park  adjoining  it,  which  inclosed  the  magazines  of  my 
squadron,  are  advertised  to  be  sold  the  next  month.    I  have  thought  that  that 


•ilTertlMtneDt  amid  mil  be  liut  tbv  vll»ot  oi  miiu«  miitlMke,  attil  bkT«  oO 
btfllflvnl  tbat  i\  WM  tlw?  JnlonliDii  of  Ymir  Extrellcoc/  and  tbr  A<uH>tntil>-  H 
•oil,  during  the  oonnniianri?  of  tlie  aqiiadivti)  In  tbis  port,  tlm  lanU  bdcI  biilltl 
iiiga  uhl«b  b»Te  Iwrn  atfiw*!  u|>oii  tot  Uieu  to  lonti  tbcir  «aMt>llBbiut<iitA 
Tlic  I'Xiwusi-m  u-faicb  the  Kiiif{  hua  iilrcBtl.v  Im>i.'|i  at  In  inakinit  rrjiMlm  «ml  t)«W 
bHll<Uii(F>i.  flntl  tille  on  tlic  «-oui»ry,  fur  vrbtcb  the  .VM«mb(]r  wUI  n^adll 
Gi)»nr«  th«  ptmtiMlan  daring  the  wbola  coanc  of  tba  wsr  w  Mxk  Fn-ni-b 
xqitRitron,  wliitrb  shall  be  sUUon«d  In  thcae  m>m»  tor  tbo  ilek'Dce  of  AmMira- 
Tn  coiiMHiueiioe.  I  hnvr  Iho  iHiixir  tu  rriitiirv  in  Iho  nicwt  iirntsinx  tnman^r  of 
Your  Exiirtlriicjr  miil  nf  tbr  HonorabliT  AsMtiiibly  uf  the  StMtn  of  Kbotlft 
Iftluiul,  that  lliu  Hale  of  tlip  House,  I^nd  and  Kullillnga.  belonging  lo  Col. 
•Iu«»!ib  WtLiuori,  ftn*l  tite  Land  and  Bulldli^pi  havluu  belonjfed  to  Mr.  Boiu** 
<^onti;;ilutU  tu  llie  Latul  of  Cul.  WantuR,  luxjt  Iw  ■atjinnilHl  uutll  tbr  etifl  of 
the  wnr;  and  I  dniiMiid  thai  thiKo  pliKMM  may  bi'  dv«tii>rd  to  tb«  iu«  of 
Frtiiirli  VcwcIb  of  Warvrhtch  drmimAtitiw-M  niajlcad  Into  this  pon,  aad  tbu 
Ibi.'  French  Conaul  In  the  Xew  EtiKlnnil  State*  mar  lie  autborixml  lo  plan;  a 
kw|i«r  lo  lalitt  caro  of  Uie  Bulldiuui  and  vfTwts  whk-h  «huU  be  liaft  there. 
"  I  havi?  the  honor  to  b«,  with  Uie  bi)Ctu!»t  <:on»id(!  ratio  ii.  Sir. 

"  Your  ExcfiUcDt'^'ft  luoal  bumble  and  luoai  ulxHlluat  avrvaol. 


/. 


Iti  uccordance  with  the  vrixhcs  of  Atliniral  ilv  Unrras,  the  tiuneral 
AMumbly.  '■'  ilotimiis  of  gi^  irij;  vwrv  aid,  nsoittADCV  and  couvcoieace 

to  thf  (lLt!t(i  imJ  nrmk's  of  His  Most  C'iirislinii  Majest^i"  voted  to 
poitpoue  the  »alv  uf  the  Wuiiluti  and  Homo  etilHtci. 


LliirrKK   ritOM   liENEKAI.    CHOISY  TO    OOVBBNOU   OBEENE. 

"  KKWPoax,  Angiol  1.  l""'- 
"  SiK.— Djr  kU  liT-infi  arQiiftinlod  with  Oeucrnl  Wu-^liiutcton's  iiitvotloos.  and 
tlip  both  Stiileft  of  Ithodi>  Iglaod  and  MUBHChniM'tiH  rrflolvcs.  Your  KxL-vlldncy 
will  KA-tlly  ronovlvc  how  much  I  hiive  beca  aatouUbed  at  a  Irlttrr  t>f  P.O. 
Bowuu  ititttualliiK  tlip  Slulv'f  rt-tflui'^HtB  d[9u;baTKe  uud  tri'all  for  not  lirltift 
relioTiid,  as  perhaps  thought  riNfiindaat  ami  nvCMnarjr.  When  the  MnMaclia- 
aettit  oiderr^d  lroi>iiH  arrived.  I  airi  tnmlint;  enough  on  Votir  Exc«lli>iicy'a  tru* 
MiMuof  1h4f  iinpurta»(-<>  of  this  [tlan*,  far  10  be  afraid  Of  being  bci«av«d  of 
sacli  an  liii|)oilnnt  promlMHl  sticcor. 

"  Far  (ruiu  the  Ave  hundred  ui«n  of  MaABacfan»etl8  to  be  statloae<l  at  Ptitta' 
mil  twinu  lurivfd,  they  an-  onlj:  on«i  huiidfrd  utid  thiri>-  In  that  fort,  and  foir 
tlw  five  bmulrt'd  raitei]  in  your  Sti>>f.  niid  onh-n-d  to  h«  on  dtitjr  at  Newport, 
llM  tiib  of  the  inontb.  theyaieno  more  arrived  than  three  hundred  and  ItUrty- 
oue. 

"  I  r«qiilr«,  sir,  Y^ir  Bs(-«ll»ucy'*  inllu»iirr  and  known  worm  attarbmeiit 
lo  lb*  cflUK,  t «  «iaplo}-cd  for  the  r«si  uf  the  troops  ibat  ore  to  be  raised,  be 


OUR  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


C07 


fotwanlvd  an<l  complwted,  nod  rnrDi»li«ct  vltli  IwtU'r  iiitlit&rr  aceoutreinvnta, 
for  itivlr  bcrlnK  rHllovi-d  ur  unrwlievnl,  ■■  jroii  will  think  it  miMt  proper  ;  but 
klwoys  Icepp  otiniplcu>  Ut  tlui  niiinlNir  n(  Hvn  hniiiilrr'i  wpII  artttt^^  m«a  ;  agrar- 
Blile  lo  tlio  Aut  of  ihi3  Orneral  ABMinbly  In  th«  iMt  Bwalon. 
" I  lukVK  the  hunnr  to  Im,  nilli  rmpucl,  Sir, 

"  Your  mast  humble  and  moat  obedlmi  ttcrranl. 


"T^-^^^, 


"His  Bx(vll«TiC}- ^iHiam  nnwnp.  Vm\.. 

Governor  of  t1i«  StnU'  ut  Rbode  Iftlaod. 


UR.  SOIXJMON  DROWNK  TO  U.  DE  SILLY. 

"  Pbotidbxck,  8«pteoib«T  36,  ITHI. 

"  I  am  faapP7,  toy  dear  d'Silly.  In  tlib  gooil  opparluuity  ot  UuMmlttiun  n 
letter  to  your  very  Ceni|i  in  vtrclnlii.  aticrno  lon^  Atiaencr,  ^ntl  intt^rniptoil 
C0TrMpe«i"leiici>.  Whi-n  t  rutiiniwrt  truiu  fliilwlelittiiii  lani  Jtil.v,  you  wurvet 
Whiln  rinlim,  tliR  nliiril  tiin'ria  Imin^  tlion  iinftr-it  ;  —  liiil  M  our  rulil*  wan 
thTOiigTi  t'^ahklll,  Lltrhtii-ld,  ami  llurtford.  I  was  obliged  lo  loregA  the  |il«a> 
•lire  nf  emhrucln^  j-oii.  V<iti  hare  puufd  throii^ti  ■  kin^  rrm-tof  (.'ontitry, 
bav«  seen  ilif^  Capital  ut  AtHttrK'a.  And  ut  k'tifflli  liuvu  urrlved  whurn  LHurula 
Stow  tlik'k  tu  eruwii  ihe  Wanlor's  Iirww.  Pfrlia|Mi  the  Ojit>«jrtuiil[y  wj  ortcn 
wiahnd  tor  by  ymi  in  «■  IimiuI,  wln'ifin  you  muy  'rivc  |iruaf  nl  ymir  srilnnr 
(of  tba  canao  ol  AincHca.  and  (or  thr  };1ory  i>f  ttii-  htjim  of  Ffmnro.'  Ilow 
thorny  Is  the  imlh  ibai  Icada  to  the  Toinplv  of  Glvry.  "Whut  death -dealing 
tl«td>  to  liv  irnvrfH-dl  — I  tronible  whiUx  I  wrlle— <Ve  I>fll]i>!i  [ir>:»idlnK 
n'er  th"  Itnttli',  prolvct  nty  Kricnd  \  hmiu<I  tbc  unfiNlinx  Wn-Mlli,  und  lu  bin 
faiuilf  restore  the  gallant  yoiilb  I ) 

•■  We  liavf  no  newit  of  con»equetic«  ;    but  wiUt  liDpaik'Dtly  (or  wx'oaulB 
frum  yoitT   Quarter.    Vray  write  every  good  Opportunity,     f  tousl  voiiclude 
fur  Moil*.  BnrKi^lla  mIn  off  soon.    PK-ase  to  «uurv  your  tirutJier  of  my  betit 
regonU.    Mr>.  DrouneAend-ihereouiplltuenifi  to  you. 
"  !  Ilia,  tuy  dear  d'tillly,  you  awured  Frl«nd, 

"SOL'N  I>R0WNE." 

REPLY. 

"Yon  shall  liellcre.  My  Dear  iioloinon  I)  row  ne.  Glory  taaa  Hllrliil  in  rov 
Tteartall  acntlmenta  of  Ftlcnit)thi]>;  Imt  I  railier  DboOM  to  ooiifrsa  my  laxl' 
naiia  tliuu  give  you  any  doubt  on  my  i--hara(!ter.  I  thank  yon  for  your  good 
whiliaa;  It  vriut  an  Imppy  preniK'^  ul  my  prt-iiprvullou,  tor.  toy  Rrollicr  nud  I 
eajoy  very  good  ht-altb.    Ni'Vc-rthcleiut  an  ImjiUdrtit  obeli  u(  a  Uomb  touiibcd 


my  ilKiTitilnr,  but  «o  lightlr  il  •«>iii»  «  Otrifilty.  er  nilher  yoar  rotr.  did  co*i. 
duct  tt. 

"  I  reftd  tDinyhliitori*s,  and  «oiiit(^u«nll;y  gn-ii!  inany  d»r.r1p< ioiu  ot  Battle 
■litt  nlHgn  ;  ^ui  what  n  diBeT«iice  or  poiotlun  I  fuol  wliEn  I  ««w  wHh  my  own 
eye*  the  Ltinwcni  rl(.-tiHie  ff  (niF  siiipiJ  furor  ;  I  did  pitj-  (he  w-nkoi^as  of 
buuinii  kln<],  SuoU  a  reflexioo  wftn  uiiBewionaljIo  in  (he  tr^nchM  and  iocois* 
patllili;  with  my  dnty, 

"A  ttnr  Irlrnd  of  lito  conTHry  hsB  i-nrtainlyfell  agreat  Joy.hep.»1iig  tb*  new* 
of  York's  GarH«Dn  taken  und  the  d<-llvfrnni-e  vt  a  goixl  St*te  lit*-  Vlrpni*. 

■"'  May  tLUth  an  wivanlage  [iriwtti(.-«  |kF!a,ci^  In  Amerii^a.  alid  giVK  111*  UlP  pl*a- 
aurw  of  neifihg  lay  i'tnatee,'  May  the  true  merit  of  my  Dear  Drowne  ba 
rewardfti]  wUb  »  socid  oOitie  en  mecUral  Unh'enity. 

"  My  BrolliQi  (-eods  you  bis  comptliuvtiu  ;  pray  present  oar  roapec.ta  to  Mm. 
DrQHn«. 

•  ••■■• 

"  I  am,  tor  ever,  my  d^^V  Drowne,  'wltb  estinie  and  friendship, 

"Touc  affectionate  aervant, 


"  I  wrAt«  thia  loiter,  my  friend,  mhRh  oar  armite  took  the  Wliiler  Quarteni, 
uid  X  httd  Bot  any  other  opportunity  'tf  m^nillntr  It  to  you.  But  thia.  atnce  Bvt 
[liXnl]  monthn  ago.  Giv«  ray  beat  miiiplitntfuts  (o  Mr.  and  Mra-Tailler;  notb- 
InK  in.  the  W'urtd  (th-ii  mak^  me  fgr^ii/t  tht  ]iollt«neft9  1  receive  daily  wh^q  I 
waap  at  ib^Jr  hpuse  :  be  the  tnterpretvr  of  my  aincore  aentiiueata  ol  acknowl- 
edgmelit. 

"  To  MUler  Solomon  Drowna, 
'■at 
"Providence. 

■'Stfttii  oJ  tthoda  Island." 


A  CUBIODS    AGRBBMBNT. 

"ARMfiii:  I>E  m>ClIAMB£AV. 
"aotn&vx. 


"  Convenlion 

''M&ile  with  Mr.  Sulorpon  Orowne, 
PhisiciLiii  &  Surgeon  of  this  Town, 
for  the  tritaEnictit  of  the  named  John 


"  Convetition 

"  Fa!(«  avec!  Mr.  Solomon  Drowqer, 
ireilt'ciii  &  CliirurRloo  de  cetle  Ville 
pour  l«  Trnitenienc  dn  NainindJ«a& 


OUR  FKENCII  ALLIES. 


6011 


Baptist  Quincr,  iiaid  GIdl-oii  Saldier 
of  ye  Reg't  of  Iloiirlwnnois  Ooinp,  of 
('hasaeurs,  liorn  in  Archf^,  Prjvince 
St  County  of  Flandrcs,  Juris<liirt'lon 
id.  who  cannot  be  transitorted  by 
reuHon  of  a  <;om[)llcat«d  Iriictiirp  in 
liiN  leg. 


Baptist«  Qulnf r  dlt  Oiscon  aoldat  dii 
Rc^gliuent  de  BourbonnoiH  Conipug- 
nie  dc8  Cha8Aeuni,  Natif  d'Aruhc 
En  Flandru  Jnrfdictinn  dt)  Idem,  qui 
«Bt  hora  d'Etat  d'Otro  tranB|iorte 
ayant  nne  frai^tiire  CotnplUju^  ii 
la  jambe. 


"I  underwritten,  do  I'romisi'  Sc 
)>OHnd  myttelt  towards  M.  Ruliilliurd, 
Jlmt  Doctor  of  the  French  Anny  & 
Mr.  d(!  Mury  G'ul  RegisHeur  of  ye 
Military  lloxpiiiil,  to  supply  tlio  said 
John  Baptiste  Qniner  with  Lod{;inK' 
Vietiiala,  Meil it-amenta,  tSrewoiMl  & 
waahlni;;  also  to  fnniiKh  him  rvtry- 
thing  W^hliit-Hoever  lie  shall  Want 
tor  his  wound  &  his  particular  inain- 
tt-nance;  this  pn^stcnt  tn-atniciit  is  t<» 
take  plai'u  from  tti*-  third  day  of  thiK 
inotith,  till  tln!  Complt'at  rewivery  & 
cure  of  Ins  \Vound,  ut  the  ratit  of 
Eight  I.ivreit  two  sols.  tournoiH  by 
<hiy,  ur  one  dollar  &  half  at  tlie  Ex- 
i-hango  of  Hvc  Livma  &  Ei}{ht  Sola 
touruoiit,  rrovidlng  that  i\u:  aaid  Mr. 
de  Mara  sliall  I>elivt-r  Me 

"  Wiz't 
"  1  straw  lied, 
"  1  straw  b^, 
"  1  matrass, 
"  1  Tilar. 
"  2  Blankets, 
'■4  sheets, 
"  rj  ML'hirts, 
";( Coiffeaof  Cai>, 
"1  Woolen  Cap, 
"■2  tin  pots,  1 

"2  rorriiisera,       >  d'to. 
"  1  Chainlier  Hot,  J 
"  4  Dressing  Sheets, 
"4  )iounds  of  Lint, 

"  Whieh  artielcH  &  iitenails  uIkivi' 
mentioned  I  do  Promise  &  oblign 
myself  to  Represent  again  at  the  flrat 
(tetnand;  the  Expefises  of  the  sni<i 
treatment  shall  be  paid  mu  every 
foTtnight  by  Mr  de  C'lictiel  Comm.  of 
War,  now  Resident  in  Pensilvania, 
iir  by  the  French  ('onaitl  in  Boston. 
ni)oaadue&  Legal  Certideute  that 

77 


"  .le  Soussignc  Promets  Et  M'enga- 
ge  Envers  Mr,  Robllliard  premier 
Chinirgien  de  I'Armee  Fran^aise,  Et 
Mr.  De  Mars  Re'gisseur  Gal  dea  hopl- 
taitx,  de  trailer,  aliment«r,  Medi- 
eaininenter,  Logcr,  Chanffer,  Blan- 
chtr  ledit,  Jean  Baptlste  Quiner  Et 
de  fournirneneralemcnt  tout  Ce  4}Ue 
Sa  Blessnre  Exige  Et  redont  II  aura 
besoin  pour  Sa  Subslstanco,  Et 
meme,  Entretien  ii  ('omjiter  du  trois 
de  ce  Mols  Jusqu'ii  Sa  giie'rison  par- 
faite,  Moyennant  Iji  soinme  de  hull 
LivrcH  deux  Sols  ai^ent  de  france 
par  Jour,  ou  un  Dollar  Et  demy 
k  Cinq  Llvres  htiit  Sols  a  la  Charge 
<in'il  me  Sera  fourni  par  susdlt 
Sienr  de  Mara  Ri5giasenr  dea  liopi- 
taux. 

•'  Savoir 
"  111)  Paillasse, 
"  iin  Sa<i  k  Pailte, 
"un  Matelas, 
"un  Traverain, 
"deux  Couverlures, 
"deux  paires  de  Draps, 
"Trois  Chemises, 
"Trois  Coiffes  de  Bonuets, 
"  un  Bonnet  de  Laine, 
"deux  Pot«B  Boire,       i  «      , 
"deux  R-nelles.  >    „!  '"' 

■■uu  Pot  de  Chambre.  (    """'■■ 
"  ipiatre  Draps  a  Pansemcnt, 
"  Et  qnatre  Livrcs  de  ('harple. 

"  Irf-s  quels  Effete  Et  ustenslles  Je 
M'oblige  de  Repreaenter  sur  la  De- 
iiiande  qui  m"  En  Sera  faite;  La 
Depense  du  quel  Traitement  me  Sera 
Pay<'e  tous  les  quinze  Jours  par  Mr.. 
de  Chenel,  Commissaire  desOuerres,. 
Reaidant  £q  Penailvanie,  ou  Mr.  1^ 
Consul  de  Franctt  Residant  a  Boaion. 
sur  le  Certiftteat,  que  Je  Produiray 


t;io 


APPENDIX. 


I  sltall  produce  of  the  Extstencfl  & 
Good  trcatin«>!nt  of  ye  nail)  John  Bai>- 
tint  (JiiiiMtr.  . 

"  I'roildcnce,  ye  2»t  Day  of  Decem- 
ber. 17S2. 

"  SoLOHOX  Drowxk. 

"Tliiit  prcHontagrecmuiit,  under  the 
npproliation  ot  the  Superintandent 
of  the  frencti  array,  together  with  the 
conditions  &  ClnuHes  herewith  re- 
lati'd,  is  accepted  by  the  under- 
signed. 

"  Providence,  ye  2  of    December, 
17S-J. 

•■  Signe  a  L'origin»l, 

"  KOBILI.IAUI)    ft 

UK  Mahs. 
"  Et  phiR  ban 
"  Vu   par  nous    t'uiimujisairo    de» 
Guftrrea.      Signe  .lujardy   tie  Gran- 
ville. 

"  Four  ('oiiie  Coufoniio  k  L'original, 

"  JtIJARl>Y    DK    GaANVlLLK." 


de   rExIstence    Et   du   Traitemcni 
dudit  Jean  Baptiate  Quiner. 

"A  Providence  Le  2e  X'bre.  1782. 
''Solomon  Dbowxe. 

"Accept^  Sous  le  Bon  Daisir  de 
Mr.  L'intendant  par  Nous  Sous- 
sfgncB  La  Presents  Soumiftafon  aux 
Clauses  Et  Conditions  y  Detaill^es. 

"A  Providence  Le  2  X'bre,  1T82. 

"  Sfgnd  k  L'original, 

"  RUBILLIABD  et 

DK  Mabs. 

"  Et  plus  bas 
"  Vu  par  nous   Commifuiaire   dfs 
Ouerrea.      Signc'  Jujardy  de    Gran- 
ville. 


THE  MAKQdlS   DE  LA  ROUERIE.' 

It)  \'i»liim(>  I.  of  tlic  lievoluiiimary  papora  of  the  New  York  Flis- 
toriciil  .Snciclv.  ftir  tlio  yvnr  1H7S.  liUcly  printed,  tlit're  art-  forty-eix 
Ii'IliTs  of  fJi'iu-iJiI  .Vrniiiiiil  <i('  lii  lidiicrit'.  wliicli  show  Ills  service. 
uikI  hIs(»  llial  of  till-  ii-^ioii  iiiiiii-r  liis  coitiiiinnil.  His  letters  frtini 
Fnnifi',  III)  liis  rcliirii.  iiiid  fur  vriirs  iiflci'w.'inls.  attest  lii.t  lii-^li  vsti' 
mat-'  of  \Vasliiii;rtoii  jiml  of  Lil-ih/.  '['lie  niotlier  iif  tlie  .A[ar(|iiis 
wintc  a  iitlir  111  (Ii-ricrai  H'iisiiiii;:l<iri.  ilatetl  ■■  Rinicrie.  ]2lli  .lan'v, 
liMI,"  ot  svliirli  ii  lfaii>lalioii  is  pM'ii  in  tin:  abovc-meiitioiioil  viil- 
iiriic,  al  [)a;:cs  :i7l-2.  'I'lic  li'Hcrs  of  (Ii'ijcrjil  Aniiaiid  fjcciiiiy  |m;res 
2M:J-:i;i|'.  of  llic  -lami' mjInhu'.  l''i'imi  uric  of  tlieiu.  aihlrcsscil  to  (Icii- 
i-i'iil  \\'asliiii;.'liiii.  llic  fiillin\iii;r  cxirai'l  i>  inaile  : 

■■  I'nii.AtiKi.i-HiA,  Xtiri'  lull,  17K.t. 
■'.Sir:--  ■  •  ■  [-Ivt^'] 

■■  Siiii-c  Tiiy  rt'turn  (n'lu  I''r;iiii'i'.  I  liuil  no  nlliiT  occasiuii  Imt  I  he  sfcjjc  of 
Viirk  til  no  to  till'  I'liuctiiv  -  I  iiiaili-  it  iiol  only  ;t  jujiut  nf  honor  but  wluil  I 
ilo  liHt'-cni  HI  lii;;li,  a  [loiiit   rpf  iriy  iliify  lowiiriin  Voiir  Exi'clli'Hr  y,  lo  act  as  u 


•Alltr,  |>,  :!7. 


Otm  FRENCH  ALLIES. 


Gil 


8iil<ll«r  M  llK^  heati  or  clu-  Amarlimn  column  that  stormed  the  rMloiihi  uf  Uk 
•Ftiiiiiiny  nn-l  nllicrwiflo  iliirinu  »hr  mU'SC  >*>  '"vidtiKN*  tliai  If  Your  ExrvUoiH'V 
liiul  honoro'l  iimj  vriih  tliP  t[v)«tiiuany  of  M»  rjun-ni.  I  iliil  nH  in  iiij-  powitr 
to  iJfstTvo  it  —  Siooa  lliftt  I  rMocd  mitl  diacijilined  u  I'oriM.whli'li  I  iliirv  »u,v 
wuH  hrnUKht  to  tltuc  point  of  )ns:ru<-iinn  and  order  ivhloh  itliu-t>  troops  In  the 
rlk'l^t  rvifl  tu  i>ur<;rj«,  nnd  whwi  I'omltiit  in  >>clti|i  n>Bular  ami  »Krv«al>te  lo 
llie  (Hrnplc  liaK  iin«w«ri'd  our  ntDbillmi  Iq  ■■i'!di'n<'r  thai  a  cMirfia  undrr  yoar 
pr(>l«clion  ronlil  nnl  be  oth^rwiM  but  reapnctAblft. 

■  a  a  •  •  [2^1 

"  1  have  the  honor  la  b».  with  thr  hlitlH-iri  r(«pc<-t,  Kir, 

"Your  Ex(*llctiry'i  llii-  mo»t  otH-d't  h'bl  8'(, 

-ARMANI)    MyS   HE  LA   HOUERIK* 

HU  Excvtiency  Genttrol  Wwhltiuion,  Coniinandlur 
Iti  k\%M  'ft  till'   Vini'rii'jiti  tori-i-i,  liradijiuuliT. 

[  Endorsed  :  I'ltiludi7l])lii,  1 1  Uri-ciulirf .  ITKl,  Irom  Bric'dr  0«n'l  Annaod.] 


BACKER'S  HALL.t 

C'otoMcI  TIiuiuhs  Lloyd  Hnlscv  nppenr*  for  mnny  yettn  at  mnnnjpr 
lit  1«hI[b  given  at  llat-ker'n  Hull.  Amnns  (lio  invilfiti<iii!'  prrwrvinl 
ix  (lie  lullowing,  mldrc;»»i-il  li»  Dr.  Solonion  Drowiic  and  to  h'\s  wife. 
Tl  i<t  here  inlrotlured,  an  another  Providoniv  reVtc  of  tlic  IraI  rcDliiry. 
T.ikr  ditit  addreuod  to  Miss  l*o\\y  Arnold,  it  wa«  printed  on  lh«  Ituvk 
ijf  n  pliiying  curd. 

TH  E,  Favour  ot'-^fc^'^'^*^ 


Company  ^  requdlcd  to  a  B  A  L  !:« 
^  ac  llaekfr't-HaJlt  or  Thur/day  Evening 
'^  next/ at  Six  ©'Clock. 


31^'^^a. 


Provideiite,  Sept.  j,  1J83,  ^ 


*  HU  mndbtT  Tn>lt!  fynm  Iipr  hoaiF  «l   Koovrl*  an  t«mr*I  Irttwr.lo  tint  lamr  vflvrt. 

"  H'MhtnKlan,"  ahe  M.v>,  ■■  1  Imi*  a  MB.    Ue  Imvt-i  t)i«v.  lie  h««  *«r«v<1  uDdrr  thjr  egn- 

maoit.  foutht  iiwl'pc  ibyrTt-s.    Tliou  KnowcM  hlin.  ihou  hotionit  him  wlili  Ihr  c*t(«n< 

Impart  iIiohi  ItalfpHn^  ■vulimpni*  lo  uu>  MInUCm.     Ttim  vjiliiloii)  «f  nirh  a  nua  ai  tliun 

ran  baih  iin  aJtocndriKf  ohkh  gtrct  it  the  fvrcr  Of  «  lau."    I'lir  Manjiii*  appvar*  at  on* 

I  lime  to  hare  eoalciupIiUcd  bt«aRiliif  a  naiuraliacd  cilS«FU  of  the  L'Bllcd  MaU«. 

lAuU,  p.  Its. 


612  APPENDIX. 

While  in  Washington,  tlie  Gcnniin  guests  of  the  nation  wore  enter- 
tjiined  at  dinner  by  ihu  German  citizens  of  the  Districi,  At  this 
dinner,  Commissioner  Dent  and  n  inimber  of  invited  gnests  fi-om  Bal- 
timore were  present.  An  unpublished  letter  of  General  Washington* 
to  Baron  Von  Stenbeu  was  read,  luid  much  enthusiasm  was  mani- 
fested.    The  following  is  the  text  of  the  letter: 

WASHINGTON  TO  BARON  STEUBEN. 

"Ansjapolis,  2.1  December,  1783. 
"Mt  Dkar  Bakoh  :— Although  I  have  taken  frequent  opportunities  in 
public  and  private  of  acknowledging  your  great  zeal,  attention  and  abilities  in 
performing  the  (lutie.<4  of  your  office,  yet  I  wish  to  make  use  of  tliis  ISMt 
moment  of  my  public  life  to  signify  in  the  strongest  U-rms  myentire  approlw- 
tion  of  your  eomhict,  anil  to  cxpres-t  my  sense  of  the  ohligations  the  publie  ia 
under  to  you  for  your  faithful  and  meritorious  services.  I  beg  yon  will  be 
convinced,  my  dear  air,  that  I  should  rt-joice  if  ft  could  ever  be  in  my  power 
to  serve  yon  more  essentiaHy  than  by  ex])re3sious  of  regard  and  affection,  but. 
in  the  meantime,  I  am  persuaded  you  will  not  be  displeased  with  this  fare- 
welt  token  of  my  sincere  friendship  and  esteem  for  you.  This  is  the  last  let- 
ter which  I  shall  write  while  I  continue  in  the  serrice  of  my  country.  The 
hour  of  ray  resignation  is  fixed  at  12  o'cloi-k  to-day,  after  which  I  sh^l 
become  a  privati^  citizen  on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  where  I  shall  be  glwt 
to  embrace  you,  and  testify  the  great  esteem  and  consideration  with  which 

"  I  am,  my  dear  Baron,  etc., 


' 


V 


k- 


i 


^^ 


(;KiiTiKii:ATK  (ir  cai'tain  Giniss. 

"  I  do  ccriify  timt  Mr.  .loiiiitli.iu  Siiiiiiioiis  haw  shod  thri'c  horses  all  round 
l«'l(>nj;iiiK  1"  ii  'ii'tHlctiiiin  of  His  E\ci'lliini'y  lli-iicral  Wiishiti^lon'.i  family. 
Any  (^iiarliT  Mii-^tiT  nf  the  Stati'  iit  Hhmli'  Island  is  ri'i[Ut-stc(l  to  settle  with 
Mr.  Siiinuoiis  fur  tlii^  satiic. 

■T.    f;iI(RS,      ' 

"  M.   C.    Huanls. 
"N.'wpnrt,  .l;iiry  llth,  17R1." 


I  *  W,^siIT^l.l■l'^■s  Iaik  (;r.viiii.— Miistiiiiclim's  l-ilf  (iuani  hh*  rornicil  hi  Slurcli,  ITTii, 

nn'l  Ciilfli  llilMi-,  of  Klio.Ir  li-luii.l,  «as  it>  firM  ('ulilsiii-l 'niiiniBinJniil.  He  lii'ld  the  [losi- 
lliiii  :i^  iHh'  II  >  ir.'l.  I'ziit  Ki]H|>p,  H  iiuli\  I-  lit  Stniiitiinl,  Ciiiiii,  ie  bi'licvi'il  tu  hiivc  Im'i-ii 
the  laM  jiuniiur  i.f  lliin  ci-lfljrBl<il  liciilv.     lie  iliiil  in  NfW  Windsor.  N.  .).,  .iHiiunry  lllli, 

ink;. 


OUE  FRENCH  ALLIES.  613 


FOKEKJN  MEMBERS  OF    THE    PARENT  SOCIETY  OF  THE 
CINCINNATI. 

"  May  7.  1T84,  tlie  CIiiivuIUt  de  lu  Liizcirne,  the  Sleiir  Gerard,  his  iitvilt^^eK- 
9or,  Count  il'Eataing,  Count  tie  Uraane,  Count  du  Barraa,  Chevalier  lien 
Touoheo,  Count  <le  Rouhnmbcau,  the  OeneralM  and  Colonels  in  his  army,  and 
the  Marquisde  Vaiidreiiil,  were  maile  inonibers  of  the  Society  of  the  Cincin- 
nati, and  on  tho  ITth  of  the  HAine  month,  Intendant  D'Tarle,  Chevalier  ile 
Lameth,  Count  Sonnsviulle,  Count  la  Touehe,  Count  V'ergasien,  ChevaUer 
PryRuille,  Chevalier  liu  QneHne,  Count  de  Trevaliea,  Chevalier  Maiilivrierf, 
Chevalier  de  Vallougi',  and  the  Count  de  Capelles,  officers  in  the  Freuih 
army  and  navy,  were  iilso  admitted.' 


LAFAYETTE    AN    AMERICAN    CITIZEN. 

Ill  1784,  tin-  Ifgislatiiri'  of  Miirylund,  b_v  sUitiito,  mnili!  I^nfiiyette 
»  rittzcn  of  tliat  Stntc  Virginia  mid  (Vniiiccticut  piiiixvil  »ii'iiiilHr 
niiactnu'iils,  tlio  lntU*r  State!  oxtetidiiig  •■itizciisliip  to  his  son.  (ieorg*' 
Washington  Liifavcttf.  Tlieat-  enactments  took  pUuv  lieton-  tlw 
adoption  oftlic  Coii.-ttiliiliuii  of  tlio  United  StHa-s.  Tlie  auci-ptaiicL'  of 
tliftt  instrnnieni,  by  the  aliovi'  luuned  tliivc  Slates,  placed  Imtli  father 
and  son  in  the  ralegory  of  American  <'itizcn»,  without  distiirhitig  their 
allegiance  to  Fi-aiiee.  It  wii.-*  i)rolmldy  on  this  ba.sin  timt  W'ashiug- 
lon,  in  his  efforl  to  secure  the  relensi',  of  Lafayette  from  prison  in 
Ohmitz,  fhiiiiied  liini  as  "  an  adopted  citizen  of  this  country." 


LAFAYETTE  TO  SAMUEL  B.   DENISON. 
[By  coiirtf^y  of  Henry  Thayer  Drownn,  Esq.,  New  York.] 

"  PBOvisa,  July  12.  IttWi. 
"  Dear  Sih  :— I  am  happy  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  oblige  our  friend.  Mr. 
Davle-t,  and  Wfore  I  left  La  Grange  for  tlii.**  MRctioneerlnu  place,  I  intl  in  the 
hands  of  Colonel  Carhonel.  who  wi\s  returning  to  I'uris,  the  very  Itatlgc  that 
General  Washington  used  to  wear,  not  as  rn-sident,  liul  as  a  menilK-r  of  oar 
Cincinnati  Soek'ly.  You  will  easily  conceive  uiy  reluclance  to  let  this  pre- 
cious reliek,  a  past  heritage  of  thefaniil}',1ie  exiHKted  to  the  nii.slakes  that  uiigiit 
take  place  at  a  Jeweller's  House.     But  to  the  measurement  or  drawing  whiih 

■  Memoir*,  HUt.  Sw.,  reun..  rp-  W,  M,  M,  M. 


i.^-^jnrT, 


^^F    TTU r.^l!». 


I;  -i»--:r  -*i=      3    2—\.^  n. 


u-  .     -i.r.r  -  —   ..  ■  -;  :■  -.  1..1  iir  '  ;••  -i.iir-  iai»r  iijz  j^^'A":  -~«    :>;. 

-  •-^1       -  1  .-   1  '.  — -i.     :..-<::•••"■•:.       A~ — -T»t  *»- »fcs -.i-i:-;  i- 

.[.  1-  .-..,  ■  .  -  I.--  <  -  -.;-  ---iiit.rtt'j-^    c  .L_-  ^"i-,  *ji»i  i>;*i  TiB?^. 

■        -  ■-  -  ■  V.    .1-  -.<-     ■  ■„-  I.-.  -  :•■   A  «rr-;UL  L    ..-.      T:>  "  iwl::^ 


;fv-:  ;  vN-    vs;-  ^"  n-.EONs. 


'-    f  ■  - 

M   M  ;, .  ■  .-  . ;.; 

I-  ■,    ...  -  ■         ;. 

..  .  \r  .  I'  ■;  . 


;.vl  ,-■  .:r,..i  :.,  f:..  ...-. 


:..     ;-    ■    i       .-.-;-. .;.-.;~   .-t   Dr.  v.:.- 

.-    ;.  ■-■   .■..■•     >;  V-.rk:-.-.i;i.  a:.-i  wi;- 

■ -■■i'.  ■■.•.       Kirly    Ti    17"].   (.■ira:i>i_v.    •  ;, 

■  i   i-.-'ii   jr'.:-— -ii-::^!   .-'TV  ii.i-   in  ilii;  iirmv. 


INDEX 


'     !!■  I 


I 


I 


1 


INDEX. 


Aborn,  Colonel  Samuel,  329. 

A  Curious  Agreement,  008-610. 

Adams,  John,  im,  231,  528. 

Adamit,  Samuel,  528. 

A  Dark  Period,  54-58. 

Aldrich,  Hon.  Nelson  W.,  MO,  H2,  546. 

Allen,  Captain  Paul,  141,  S79. 

Allen,  Hon.  Zat-hariah,  314,  n.,  533,  589. 

Allies,  the  earliest  of  our  French,  28-30;  the  earliest  names  of,  28-30. 

Alliance  with  France,  39;  how  noticed  in  Providence,  39. 

American  Independence,  Celebration  of  in  Providence,  5. 

Andr^,  Major  John,  taken  as  a  Spy,  tried,  condemned  and  executed,  206-296; 

notice  of,  295. 
An  Enterprise  suggested,  337,  X^. 

Angetl,  Colonel  Israel,  439;  notice  of,  453,  n. 
Antoinette,  Queon  Marie,  163. 

Anthony,  Hon.  Henry  B.,  moves  in  Congrens  for  the  repair  of  Admiral  Da 
Ternay's  grave,  314,  345,  w. 

Axdoenc,  George  M.,  caterer,  B7li. 

Army,  condition  of  the,  184-187:  want^  anticipated,  189. 

Army  of  Olwervation,  9. 

Army,  health  of  the.  531,  Wi. 

Army  moves,  390-392;  arrives  on  the  Hudson,  3i>l. 

Army,  rations  of.  9. 

Army  of  the  Enemy  oQ  Rhode  Island,  list  of,  155,  n. 

Arnold,  General  Benedict,  in  Providence,    21;    anecdote    of,  22;    treuon, 
286-388,  3m;  notice  of,  394,  2I»;  dialogue  with  Satan,  287,  n. 

Arnold,  Dr.  Jonathan,  21,  191,  329. 

Arnold,  Polly,  254. 

Arnold,  Samuel  G.,  his  account  of  the  battle  on  Rhode  Island,  86,  n.;  114. 

Arnold,  Welcome,  21,  380. 

Arthur,  President  Chester  A.,  541.545;  address  at  Yorktown,  049;  558,509,060. 

A  Want  Supplied,  379. 

A  Wrong  Impression,  198. 


78 


618  DTOEX. 

Ball,  invitation  card  to,  233. 
Bandole,  Abb<<,  41W. 
Bonds,  911,  n.,  5GG,  n. 
Banquet  in  Newport,  577. 
Banquet  in  Providence,  guests  at,  AS8-Jt91. 
Barker,  Isaac,  100, 101. 

Barras,  Admiral  Count  Louis  do,  notice  of,  381,  n.;  arrives  at  Newport,  386, 
387;  farewell  dinner,  349;  400,  406;  his  fleet,  411;  signs  capitnla- 
i  tion  of  Cornwallis,  4G8,  605. 

I  Barrolier,  Captain  de  la,  324,  387. 

Barton,  Colonel  William,  presented  with  a  Sword  by  Congress,  48. 
Beacon  Pole  and  Beacon,  19. 

Beaumarcbais,  Pierre  Auguste  de,  a  (riend  of  the  American  caase,  534,  n. 
Beckwith,  Henry  T.,  310. 

Beverly,  John,  Rochambeau's  pass  lo,  388;  notice  of,  380,  n. 
B^villo,  hi.  de,  Quartermast«r-Genoral,  letter  from,  49D,  500,  51G, 517. 
Blake,  Horatio,  5. 

Blancliard,M.Cl;utde,  Commissary.  226;  establishes  Hospital  at  Fappoosqnasb, 
232;  visits  a  school  in  Bristol,  232;  visits  sick  Bonrbonnois  !n  Bos- 
ton, 233;  courtesies  received  there,  2^^;  purchases  wood  in  Paw- 
tuxet,  235;  visits  Mrs.  General  Nathanael  Greene,  237;  285,  330, 
;t3fi,  340,  -.m,  414,  421,  532.  533. 
Blaskowitz'a  Topographical  Chart  of  Narragansett  Bay,  1777, 16,  20. 
I  Boston  rejoicing,  492;  Count  Stir's  opinion  of,  527,  n. 

Bounty-Jiinipers,  378,  37!(. 
]  Bouchet,  Chevalier  Du,  379. 

'  Bowen,  Kev.  Charles  James,  243. 

:  Bowen,   Ephraim,    Deputy  Qiiartonnaster-General,   62;    letter    to    General 

!  Niithanuci  Grecno,  145,  147;  Hketcli  of,  150,  n.;  his  sword  and  pis- 

tols, 140;  extracts  from  his  lettt^rs,  131,  152;  memoranda  of,  152, 
15.1;  meets  General  Heath,  193:  his  father,  236,  290,  290;  notice  of, 

;j;!i,  ;i;i2;  3«9, 379,  :iho,  4!»9,  r<02, 52a. 

BowPH,  Deputy  GoverDcr  Jaljcz,  21,  47,  129;  visits  Rochambean  at  Newport. 

240;  leltur  to  (Jencral  Heath,  241;  sketch  of,  346-249. 
Bowen,  Dr.  Piinlon  M.,  2'M,  n. 
Uowcn,  Dr.  Williiiin,  •J37,  n. 

Bowt'r,  Samiiul  J.,  ]);kiiit.-i  n  banner  fur  4tli  at  July,  .1;  sketch  of,  fi. 
BowIlt,  Unthsheha.  330. 
BowliT,  Hon.  Metcalt,  sends  a  document  to  Washington,  3fi8;  gives  a  dinner 

party,  iMiS. 
Bradford,  Lieutenant-Governor,  notice  of,  46  v. 
Bradish,  Miijor,  71,  85. 

Bra'Uey,  Ex-Chii-f  Justice  Charles  S.,  speech  of,  501,  592. 
Bitjclow,  Colonel,  Tl,  81. 
Brinley,  Colom-l  Tliomaa,  06. 
Brinluy,  Hon.  Francis,  96. 
British  Giianl  Ships  destroyed,  GT,  M. 
Brock,  Uoliert  A.,  421,  428,  n. 
Brown,  Licutonatit-Governor  Elisha,  31. 
Brown,  Elder  James,  31. 


I 


r 


OUR  FRENCH   ALLIES.  619 

BrowD,  Hon.  John,  3;  obtains  from  Congress  remuneration  for  damage  doan 

to  Rhode  Island  CoUugn,  197. 
Brown,  Joseph,  7. 
BrowD,  Moses,  31. 
Bruco,  Lieutenant-Colonel,  113. 
Buchan,  Earl  of,  374. 
Bunker,  Paul,  Nantucket,  SI. 
Burrill,  Hon.  James  Jr.,  329. 
Butler,  Colonel  Eicliard,  journal  of,  412. 

Cadets,  Providence,  9;  list  of  ofticers  and  privates,  27. 

Calvert,  Ex-Mayor  George  H.,  address  of,  577. 

Camp  at  West  Burial  Ground,  301. 

Cannon,  number  of  in  tho  State  in  177G,  7. 

Capitulation  of  Yorktown,  terms  of,  4G7,  4G8. 

Cardigan,  Count  de,  263,  n. 

Carter,  John  Barker,  anecdote  of  bU  wife,  285. 

Cbamplln,  Christopher,  2G5,  m. 

Cbanning,  I'rof.  Edward,  274. 

Channlng,  Rev.  George  Gibbs,  272. 

ChannSng,  Dr.  Walter,  274. 

Channing,  William,  notice  of,  271-273. 

Cbanning,  Rev.  William  EUery,  D.  D.,  271,  272. 

Channing,  Dr.  William  F.,  272,  n. 

Chastellux,  Chevalier  de,  JJC,  238,  305,  302,  480;  letter  to  Governor  Harrison, 

ea't. 

Child,  Cromwell,  2S6. 

Chipman,  Mr.,  diary  of,  264. 

Choisy,  General  M.  de,  387,  407,  4(}1,  462,  480,  510,  517,  COO. 

Cinclunatl  Society,  foreign  members  of,  612. 

Clarke,  John  Innb,  101. 

Clinton,  Sir  Henry,  47,  111;  letter  to  Lord  George  Oermaine,  127;  Ifil,  178, 183, 
28'J,  407. 

Cobb,  Colonel,  438. 

Coles,  Lieutenant  Thomas,  and  the  Lafayette  Sword,  172, 176. 

Colored  soldiers,  notices  of,  80,  87,  n. 

Conway  Cabal,  131. 

Cooke,  George  Lewis,  Jr.,  244,  240;  swonl  exhibited  by,  680. 

Cooke,  Goreinor  Nicholas,  41;  letter  to  Washington,  42;  sketch  of,  44-46;  151, 
243. 

Cooper,  Rev.  Dr.,  B28. 

Cornell,  General  Ezeklel,  84;  autograph  and  notice  of,  93,  n.;  letter  to  Gov- 
ernor Greene,  215. 

Cornwallis  Lord,4U5;  arms  of,  406;  in  Virginia,  405;  is  besieged  and  surrenders, 
418,  401-480;  48J;  sketcli  of,  482;  his  parole,4S2;  Cornwallis'  Cave, 
sra. 

Coste,  M.,  Chief  Phj-slcian,  2.12,  235, 338;  at  Williamsburg,  421;  hospital  in  the 
field  in  front  of  Yorktown,  431. 

Cpuncil  of  Ollicern,  Ul. 

Council  of  War,  members  of,  10. 

Courtesies  to  the  vanquished,  480. 


620  INDEX. 

Cowley,  Mrs.  Mary,  866. 

Cralk,  Dr.  James,  arrives  in  Providence  to  eatabllih  Hoapltals.  189;  action  of 

the  General  Assembly,  I'Jl,  192,  ]95,  217,  431. 
Crane,  Colonel,  72,  91,  92,  lOG. 
Cruise  of  the  ■■  Hennione,"  188. 
Currier,  Captain  John  Qeoi^,  236,  n. 
Custine,  Comtede,  236,  238,239,  300,3t>2, 421,  480;  letter  to  Ooveraor  HanilOB, 

B03,S23. 

D'AboviUe,  M..  464,  fil8. 

Daughters  of  Liberty,  In  Newport,  260,  n. 

Dauphin  of  Prance,  birth  of  celebrated  at  PhllaUelphia,  806. 

Davis,  Henry  E.,  818,  585. 

Deane,  Silas,  notice  of,  30;  40,  46,  59,  65. 

Dearborn,  Captain  Henry,  notice  of,  469,  n. 

De  Barth,  General  Count  Jean,  614. 

De  Broglie,  Prince,  263,  267,  372,  527. 

De  Corny,  Colonel  Lewis  Ethis,  arrives  from  France,  189;  letter  to  Oovemor 
and  Council  of  Rhode  Island,  192,  193;  difficulty  in  obtaining  a 
house,  197,  217. 

D'Estaing,  Admiral,  arrives  with  a  fleet,  6S,  66;  portrait  of,  67;  engager 
Admiral  Howe,  67;  two  of  his  ships  diamasted  in  a  gale,  76; 
re-appears  before  Newport,  77;  departs  to  Boston  for  repairs,  77; 
handsomely  received,  78,  79,  87,  92;  letter  to  General  Greene,  9Sj 
more  about  his  services,  120-128;  brief  notice  of  him,  128,  n. ;  opin- 
ion of  an  officer  who  Ber\'ed  under  him,  127,  153,  n.,  164,  407. 

De  Grasse,  Count,  391.  395,  404;  arrives  in  the  Chesapeake,  407;  letter  to  De 
Barraa,40C,  407,  408;  fleet  of,  411;  sketch  of,  413,  n.;  480,489. 

De  Kalb,  Baron  John,  9;  contract  with  Silas  Deane,  38,  39. 

Deniaon,  Rev.  Frederic.  584,  585. 

Depreciation  of  Papi-r  Money,  56. 

Dc  Prez.  Major,  interview  with  William  Field,  328. 

Destouchea,  M.,  ;(52,  X'»,  :!«i2.  373.  41 1,  412. 

De  Ternny,  Admiriil,  liovt  of.  HH*:  arrivfa  at  Newport,  with  Rochambeau's 
army,  2(11;  liindiii'r  and  ri;ci'ptioii,  201-300;  takes  (|uarter»  in  the 
"  Wuntoii  liousn'."2'i2;  visits  Wusliiiifjton  at  Hartford,  281;  sickens 
iLiul  dies,  ;i;W;  fimcTal  stTviiis,  :i47-.'W;i;  mil ral  tablet  ordered  by 
LuiiiM  XVI.,  340;  Laiin  inscriiiIioii,341;  liis  Rravo  lost  sight  of  and 
|>oiiilfU  out  liy  Dr.  D.ivid  Kin(;,:t4ii;  Congress  vott'S  S800  to  repair 
Iho  jjritvo,  im;  till-  l)ill  su!)p()rtcd  by  Si'uator  Anthony  and  Repre- 
si'iitiuivc  Eaincs,  ;(15;  opitaph  mi  granite  slab,  ;H4;  letter  to  Wash- 
ington, 60:1. 

Deux-Ponts,  Conilo  Cbrislian,  22G,  2t\R;  at  Yorktown,42I;  notice  of,  435,  n. 

Deiix-I'onts,  Coinln  William,  22ii,  2;W;  at  Vork£own,421;  notice  of,435,  n.;  493. 

Devot,  Cnpt.iiii  Jonatiian,  2,(. 

Dexter,  Edwiird.  323. 

Dexter,  family  names  of,  311, 

Dexter,  Itev.  Gregory,  'Ml. 

Dexter,  .Torcmiah,  311,  32^. 

Dexter.  Josepti,  ;i2;{. 

Dexter,  Cnptain  Stephen,  311, 


OUR  FRENCH  AI.LIES.  621 

Digby,  Admiral,  «9. 

Dilton,  Colonel  Count  Aitbur  do,  421;  wounded  at  Oloueester  Point,  462. 

Doyle,  Miss  Sarah  Elizabeth,  085. 

Doyle,  Ex-Mayor  Thomaa  A.,  315.  fllfl,  581,  687,  500,  B92. 

Douville,  Lieutenant  Pierre,  notice  of,  235,  2Jli,  )i. 

Drowne,  Henry  Thayer,  92,  n .,  220,  2211, 478. 

Drowne,  Dr.  Solomon,  Physician  on  board  private  sloop-of-war  "  Hope,"  8; 

letter  from,  10;  32;  sketch  of,  ^25-327;  329,  C02,  007,  till; 
Urowne,  Captain  William,  nolice  of,  270-280. 
Duboaque,  Captain  Pierre,  332. 

Duddingaton,  Lientenant-AVilliam,  2;  wounded  and  taken  prisoner,  S. 
Dudoupean,  Chevalier  de  Fayollc,  40, 139. 
Ihiffleld,  Rev.  Mr.,  488. 
Dumas,  Count  de,  22K,  284,  296,  300,  309,  371,  378,  380,  300,  499,  900,  003,  034,  8ZT, 

028. 
Duponceau,  Peter  Stephen,  Secretary  to  Baron  Steuben,  139;  notice  of,400,«. 
Duportail,  le  Chevalier  de,  400,  480. 
Durfee,  Chief-Justice  Thomas,  address  of,  582, 583. 

Blames,  Hon.  Benjamin,  udvocatea  In  CongreHS  a  bill  to  repair  the  tomb  of 

Admiral  De  Ternay,  345. 
Eden  Champagne,  3li8. 
Elderkin,  Dr.'JoHhua,.'n>4. 
Eliery,  Chriatopher,  209,  304, 360. 
Ellery,  Hon,  William,  proposes  General  Nathanael  Greene  for  the  aucceasor 

of  General  Spencer,  55,  50;  in  Congress,  252. 
Elliot,  Colonel  Robert,  141;  a  pilot,  201,  ». 
Enlistments,  8. 
Evans,  Rev.  Mr.,  Clmplaln,  anecdote  of,  432. 

Faden,  William,  luap  by,  423,  n. 

Falconet,  M.,  banker,  2(i3. 

Fanning,  Colonel,  113. 

Farms  on  Ithude  l8lan<l,  owners  of,  258,  n. 

Fay,  Lieutenant-Governor  Henry  II.,  564,  StiT. 

Penner,  Captain  Arthur,  31, 

Fenner,  Governor  Arthur,  129,  141. 

Fenner,  Polly,  30. 

Fenner,  Major  Thomas,  30,  31. 

Fersen,  Comte  de,  225;  sketch  of,  109;  281,  4lfl>, 

Field,  Abner,  328. 

Field,  Eleanor,  327. 

Field,  Nathaniel,  446. 

Field,  Nehemiah,  328. 

Field,  Captain  William,  327;  interview  with  Major  Do  Prez,  328. 

Field's  Point,  327. 

Fire  Department,  Display  of,  581,  682. 

Fisk,  Colonel  Nicholas,  4T», 

Finite,  John,  inn-keeper,  177. 

Flag  of  the  Second  Rhode  Island  Regtmeut,  453, 


622  INDEX. 

Fla^,  Captain,  commands  Salem  Toluoteers,  107;  has  cbargd  of  boats  at 

Hovland'a  Ferry,  JOT. 
Fleniy,  Marquis  de,  32,  M,  3G;  notice  of,  35,  38,  39,  84,  91,  139,  6M. 
Fortifications,  location  of,  Iti;   For  Point  Fort,  coat  of,  17;  Prospect  Hill 

Fort,  18. 
Fosdick.  Major  Thomas,  71, 85. 
Foster,  Hon.  Theodore,  Sti;  af  Tiverton  during  the  battle  on  Bbode  Island, 

August  29th,  110;  returna  to  Providence,  110;  11G. 
Franklin,  Dr.  Benjamin,  purchases  the  "  Bon  Homme  Richard,"  161. 
French  army  arrives  In  Providence  from  the  Hudson,  and  halts  for  a  nigfat  on 

"  Mathcwson's  Plain,"  513;  moves  to  the  old  camp  ground,  513. 
French  farowell  to  Rhode  Island,  inarch  to  Boston,  G25;  reception,  S26;  fl6et 

of  M.  de  Vnudreull  Bails  for  the  \Vest  Indies,  G30. 
French  fleet,  list  of,  3G1. 

French  National  Guests,  visit  of  to  Rhode  Island,  570-S!)2. 
French  physicians  and  surgeons,  U14. 
French  vessels  lost,  408,  n. 
French  visitors,  memoranda  of,  594,  596. 
French  winter-.quarters,  498. 

Gallatin,  Albert,  173. 

Gammell,  Prof.  William,  315. 

Gardner,  LL.  D.,  Major  Asa  Bird,  545;  gives  orders  for  saluting  the  British 

flag,  559. 
Gardner,  Caleb,  256. 
Garrison  House,  71. 
Gaspee,  destruction  of,  3;  song  concerning  it,  3;  £100  offered  for  discovery  of 

the  perpetrators  of  the  deed,  3;   prominent  men  known  in  the 

assault,  3. 
Gates,  General  Horatio,  succeeds  General  Sullivan,  120;  anecdote  of,  132; 

watches  the  enemy,  133;  correspond!! nee,  135-137,  142-144;   con- 
templates a  third  expedition,  but  abaudous  it,  145,  149;  sketch  of 

him,  144,  h. 
Germoine,  Lord  George,  1S2. 
Gibbs  family,  notice  of,  272,  n. 
Gibba,  Major,  wouuded,  4:i7. 

Giinat,  Coloud,  ■2'.>;  wuuiulud,  315,  423, 13(5,  437,  440. 
Girard,  French  Miubtt-r,  arrives  with  D'E.staiug,  1*5. 
Gist,  General  Murdecai,  4S0. 
GloviT,  GeniTiil  Juliu.juins  Sullivan,  Q;  71,72;  notice  of,  73,  74,  84,  80;  holds 

temporary  coinmauil    in  I'rovidence,    129;  departs  for  the  main 

army,  13J. 
Goddard,  Colonel  \Viliiain,  175. 
Gorliam,  Jolin,  his  sus^jestioii ,  30'.l,  n. 

Graves,  Admiral  at  New  York,  2t0;  joins  .-\.dmiral  Arbuthnot,  210,  407. 
Gray,  Cliief  Jiisliee,  Bostun,  2(j4. 
Gray,  Colonel  Pardon,  Tiverton,  191. 
Green,  Mrs.  Cornelia  E.,  315. 
Grceu,  lion.  Samuel  A.,  400. 
Greene,   diloni'l  C'liristoiilii-r,  slationeil   at    Easl   (lrei.-n\vieli,  Hi;  his  colored 

battalion,  Ko;   mock  battle  iu  Xi-wport,  -^IH,  '^Ko;    death  of,  382; 

sketch  of,  383-385;  his  sword,  3J>4. 


OUB   FBENCH  ALLIES.  623 

Greene,  GrifUn,  2.W. 

Grcf  nc,  Chief  Engineer  Oliver  E.,  581,  3S2. 

Grcen<i,  Hon.  Ray,  4C,  «. 

Greene,  Genera!  Nntlianacl,  55;  joins  Sullivan,  fi3,  71,  77;  defends  him,  ftl,05; 
hiit  plan  of  linttlc,  &';  coininanda  tbo  right  win;;,  84;  conciliatory 
letter  to  D'EMtaing,  !t8;  letter  to  an  Influential  citizen,  ii5;  serves 
in  the  south,  4111, 4^;  cannon  presented  to  bbn,  IM;  sketch  of, 
4!>G. 

Greene,  Govr>nior  William,  ISS;  letter  to  Washington,  158;  slcetch  of,  46. 

Ouilbvrt,  Prof.  Jean  E.,  585. 

Iloako,  Captain,  viaita  Mrs.  General  Greene,  237. 

Hacker's  Hall,  23;(,  (ill. 

Hacker,  Joshua,  notice  of,  2!H. 

Halsey,  Colonel  Tlionin.1  L.,  312,  n. 

Hamilton,  CutoncI  Alexander,  favors  negro  levies,  8C,  ».;  at  Newport,  3C2; 

notice  of,  47n. 
Hammerell,  Prof.  Victor  E.,  585. 
Hancock,  Major-Gcueral    John,  71,  72;    nerves  under  SnlHvaa    on    Rhode 

Island;  hospitality,  78,  81;  his  mansion,  ?!>;  5'.28. 
Hand,  General  Eilwnnl,  47ft. 
Hanson,  Captain  Doirish,  "'i. 
Hanliiig,  Ekazor,  ;5«1). 

HnrriM,  C  FiHke,  owned  manusi^ript  diary  of  a  French  officer,  423,  n. 
Ha.v.i,  Moses,  a  Newport.  mercLiiut,  in  Boston,  l.TO. 
Hayward,  Hon.  Wiliiam  H.,  address  of,  5'.H. 
Heath,  General  Williani,  lti7;  in  Providence,  Iftl;  sketch  of,  im,  n;  dines  with 

French  officers,  IKW;  at  Newport, 212;  eiiterUina  Indians, 250,  252, 

288,  ;KNi;  letter  to  Colonel  JocoLs,  602. 
Hendricken,  Uiglit  Rev.  Thomas  F.,589. 
Hiller.  Major,  107. 
Uinkley,  Captain,  72. 
Hitchcock,  Colonel  Daniel,  44G. 
Hitchcock,  D.  D.,  Rev.  Enos,  Chaplain,  2.53;  witnesses  Andrtf's  execution, 

20;}. 

Holltd.iy,  Governor  W.  F.  M.,  of  Virginia,  address  at  Yorktown,  5U. 

Hood,  Benjamin  W.,  587. 

Hope,  •Tnnips  Barron,  poem  by,  557. 

Hopkins,  Commodore  Esck,  on  a  committee,  7;  at  Nassau,  11;  poetry  com- 
memorating him,  11;  sketch  of,  12-15. 

Hopkins,  Captain  J.  B.,  13. 

Hopkins,  D.  !>.,  Itev.  Samuel,  anecdote  of,  308. 

Hoppin,  Levi,  promoted  for  gallant  conduct,  85. 

Hoppin,  Ex-Governor  William  W.,  588. 

Hospital  (Small  Pox)  removed  to  North  Providence,  50. 

Hotel,  Narraganspf  t,  580. 

Howe,  Admiral  iCicbard,  engages  with  D'Estolng,  76;  notice  of,  SO,  it;  his 
hopes,  112,  n, 

Howe,  General  William,  .%f>. 

Howe,  General  Sir  William,  (British,)  SOS,  508,  n. 

Howell,  Hon.  David,  21, 52U. 


624  INDEX. 

Howlttnd,  John,  58, 13B. 

noyt,  David  W.,  586. 

Hughes,  Tbomiw,  457. 

Humphreys,  GoIoDel,  at  Newport,  363. 

Hunter,  Dr.  William,  notice  of,  261,  n. 

Hunter.  Hon.  William,  262. 

Huntington,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Ebeneser,  423,  47S). 

Huntington,  General  Jedediah  3I»,  306. 

Huntington,  Major,  72,  S6. 

Incidents  of  August  28th  and  29tli,  102-106. 

Incidents  of  the  War,  100-103. 

Indians  vlsltNewport,  240;  war  dance  of,  250)  entertained  in  Providence, 250, 

252;  at  West  Point,  263,  254. 
Irish,  George,  391. 

JaclcBon,  Colonel  Henry,  64;  notice  of,  88,  n. 

Jackson,  Richard,  Jr.,  173. 

Jatmacco,  Captain,  324. 

Jack-knife  lawsuit,  5T,  58. 

Jacobs,  Lieutennnt-Colonel ,  Tl. 

Jasper,  William,  notice  of,  124. 

Jenka,  Captain  Stephen,  notice  of,  7,  n. 

Jones,  John  Coflin,  26)!. 

Jones,  John  Paul,  161;  plan  for  invading  England,  IGl. 

Jones,  William,  carries  despatches  to  Paris,  24:  GoverDor'21;  121. 

Jnmencourt,  M.  de,  officer  of  artillery,  :{.3T. 

Eeane,  Rt.-ltev.  Bishop,  discnurse  by,  542,  543. 

Kentish  Ouanis,  0,  iH,  n. 

Killed  and  wounded,  nuinljcr  of,  at  Yorktown,  474,  475. 

King,  Dr.  David,  Newport,  lottor  to  Mr.  Brinley,  concerning  the  Brinley 
house.  •.'7,  n.:  his  accnnnt  of  Iho  douth  and  funeral  of  Admiral 
Dc  Tcrnay,  .'Ul^ial;  his  death,  notict;  of,  :Hri,  MH. 

King  George  III.,  recoives  the  news  of  the  cnpilulation  of  Cornwallis  calmly. 
494. 

King,  Louis  XVT.,  .1!);  influence  of  Lnfiiyette  with,  163;  birthday  of,  com- 
niiMuoralion  at  Newport,  237,  i'iS. 

King,  Rufus,  iiide-dc-cauip,  72,  IiM. 

King,  Samuel,  portrait  painter,  "JUK. 

King.non  Hulls.  0. 

Knight,  Miss  Holiy,  177. 

Kuovvlea,  Hon.  p:il«-artl  P.,  ;ilL*,  .Y.i-2. 

Knox,  Gimeral  Henry,  scnes  under  Wnshington;  chief  of  artillery  at  York- 
town:  examines  works  at  Newport,  43,  44;  notice  of,  439;  464- 
present  at  Iho  surrender  of  Cornwallis,  479;  4S4. 

Ladies  pri>iuinfnl  in  Newport,  2.17-274. 
Lady  Sterling  and  Miss  Kitty,  59. 


OUB  PBENCH  ALLIES.  625 

Lafayette,  Marquis  de,  qaart«r8  of,  Id  FrorJdeoce,  brf ck-lioufle,  31 ;  agreement 
with  Silas  Deane,  39,  S9;  Joins  General  Sullivan,  63,  71, 73;  urges 
D'Estaing  to  reiiiaiu,78j  goes  to  Boston  to  persuade liim  to  return, 
7V;  returns  unsuccessful,  93;  letter  to  Waiihington,  100;  is  sta- 
tioned  at  Bristol,  118;  removes  to  Warren,  IJ'J;  proceeds  to  Phila- 
delpbia,  120;  sends  a  challenge  to  Lord  Carlisle,  whicli  was 
declined,  119;  his  opinion  of  the  action  of  August  20lh,  119;  goes 
to  France,  10!);  1(10;  easy  penance,  160:  letter  to  Washington,  161, 
l<i2, 163;  in  favor  with  the  King  and  Queen,  1«3;  letters  to  Wash- 
ington and  to  Congress,  164;  his  activity  for  America,  1U2-I66; 
returns  to  America,  167;  letters  to  Vergennes,  168;  187,  329;  sent 
to  Virginia,  dSS;  keeps.  Corn  wait  is  at  bay,  405;  412,419;  engages 
in  siege  of  Yorktown,  423,  43:1,  437;  letter  to  Captain  Stephen 
Olney,  443;  480;  letter  to  M.  de  Maurepas,  485;  sketch  of,  617-620; 
visits  Rochambeau  and  De  Ternay,  211;  606,  613. 

Lameth,  Chevalier  de,  226. 

Larchar,  John,  325. 

Larned,  Adjutant,  71. 

Larned,  Russell  M.,  244. 

Laurens,  Colonel  Henry,  84,  91, 

Laurens,  Colonel  John,  478. 

I/auzun,  Duke  de,  226;  winters  in  I..ebanon,  Conn.,  291),  300,  301,302.  306; 
notice  of,  308,  n.;  33li,  421,  461,  480,  493. 

Lawrence,  Colonel,  106. 

Lawrence,  Captain  David,  141. 

Leach,  Rev.  Dr.  Daniel,  586,  9!>1. 

Lee,  General  Charles,  introduces  M.  Malinedy  to  Governor  Cooke,  32. 

Lee,  General  Fitz  Hugh,  561. 

Liberty  Tree  in  Providence,  446,  696. 

Light  out  of  darkness,  66, 59. 

Lincoln,  General  Benjamin,  besieges  Savannah,  121;  siege  raised,  394;  »t 
Yorktown,  423,  437;  receives  the  sword  of  CornwalUa,  472;  nketch 
of,  438,  478,  481. 

Lindsay,  Captain  Benjamin,  escapes  from  Lieutenant  DuddingHton,  2. 

Lippitt,  Jeremiah,  385. 

List  of  vessels  comprising  the  French  squadron,  352-3.11!. 

Littlefteld,  Governor  Alfred  H.,  545, 5(M, 565, 567,571;  at  Newport,  573;  welcome 
to  the  French  guests,  575,  688. 

Livingston,  Colonel,  106. 

Loper,  Aaron  and  Moses,  leave  Newport,  156;  Moses  drowned  in  Scott's  pond, 

im. 

Lovell,  General,  105,  lOfi. 

Lovet,  James,  380. 

Lovett,  Captain  William,  brings  the  news  of  the  capitulation  of  Yorktowa  to 

Newport,  492. 
Luzerne,  M.  de  la,  140;  notice  of,  169-177;  183;  at  Providence  and  Newport, 

29T,  298;  commemorates  the  birth  of  the  Dauphin,  S05-506. 
Lyman,  Major  Daniel,  141;  aide-de-camp  to  General  Heath,  241;  sketch  of, 

241,  n.;  Lyuian,  Mrs.  Mary,  notice  of,  270,  n. 
Lyon,  Mr.,  a  French  merchant  in  Providence,  233. 


(^26  INDEX. 

Mugnider,  General,  418. 

Maitland,  Colonel,  (British.)  126. 

Maimed^,  Marquis  de,  32;  tetter  to  General  l<ee,  32,  33;  provision  oiadfl  for 

hitD,  31;  tetter  to  Governor  Cootce,  34,  35. 
Malsbnrg,  Major,  commands  the  Hessian  troops;  his  error  coQcaming  the 

retreat  of  the  Americans  corrected,  107, 110. 
Han,  Aaron,  promoted  for  gallant  conduct,  85. 
Manning,  Bev.  Dr.  James,  a  member  of  Congress,  IS;  196,  19T. 
Map  of  campaign  on  Rhode  Island,  hj  J.  Dcaison,  1U8, 109. 
Map  of  part  of  Rhode  Island,  bj  5.  Lewis,  6. 
Marchant,  Captain  Huxford,  2G8. 

Marchant,  Hon.  Henry,  in  Congress;  letters  to  Governor  Cooke,  €B,  66. 
Martin,  Deacon  Philip,  032. 
Mason,  Dr.  Benjamin,  267. 
Mason,  George  C,  267. 
Masonic  Celebration.  336,  337. 
Mathews,  J.  W.,  185. 
Hauran,  James  Edd;,  of  Newport,  explains  the  location  of  the  Brinlej'  houa 

and  of  the  battle-fleld  of  August  29th,  97. 
Maurepas,  M.,  French  I'rime  Minister,  160, 163,  600. 
Maaroi,  Charles  Louis,  Vicouut  de,  40. 
Mawaej,  Colonel  John,  G. 
McCrea,  Captain  Edward  P.,  death  of,  543. 
Miller,  Nelson,  at  Yorktown,  483;  silhouette  of,  483. 
Miller,  William  J.,  119. 
Hischianza,  The,  SOS,  S06. 
Molasses  Act,  2. 
Montesquieu,  Baron  de,  305. 
Montmorenci,  Marquis  do  X^val,  2B8;  480,  Q2S. 
Monument,  at  Yorktown,  description  of,  585;  dedication  of,  686. 
Monument  at  Yorktown  in  1860,  548,  n. 
Morton,  John,  265. 
Morton,  Major,  72. 

Morris,  Mr.  John,  216.  , 

Morris,  Major,  85,  93. 
Muhlenburg.  Geueral  John  Potcr,  479. 

Mulberry  Tree,  eloquent  reference  to  by  Mr.  Wintbrop,  430, 131. 
Munro,  Captain  James,  commands  the  "  George  ^''ashingtou  "  on  a  cruise, 

275;  notice  of,  275,  n. 
Munro,  Major  Nathan,  52. 
Miinson,  Dr.  Eneaa,  at  Yorktown,  431. 

Navy,  want  of  a,  10. 

Nelson,  Miss  Katp,  42S,  n. 

Nelson.GovcrnorTbomas  Jr.,413,  414,  ».,  415,417,  426,480;  large  landholder, 

41t>:  his  patriotism,  426;  sketch  of,  427. 
Nelson,  Thomas,  Secretary,  417. 
Nelson  Tombs,  417. 
Newport,  defences  of,  87. 

Newport  evacuated  by  the  enemy,  15'!,  ir)7.  158;  sufferings  in,  179,  180. 
Newport  Society,  1780,  belles  of  the  day,  256-274. 


OUR    FRENCH    ALLIES.  627 

News  of  surrender  of  Yorktown,  how  receivetl,  484-498. 

Nightingale,  Colonel  Joseph,  commanda  Providence  Cadets;  is  stationed  at 

Pawtuxet,27;  list  of  company,  27. 
Nightingale,  Deacon  Samuel,  Xt>,  173. 
NoalUes,  Maniuia  de,  French  Ambassador,  333,  334. 
Noailles,  Tlcomte  <le,  in  the  trenuhea  at  Savannah,  122,  226,  349, 46S. 
North  Burial  Ground,  when  laid  ont,  533,  ».;  IH)9. 
North,  Lord,  folly  of,  2;  his  exclamation,  494,  533. 
Nof  es.  Colonel,  72. 
Nurses,  Mrs.  Stalner,  Mrs.  Barnea,  Mrs.  Fottinger,  Mrs.  Bailes,  Sukey  Olney, 


Officers  distinguished  in  the  battle  on  Rhode  Island,  84,  SS. 

Offlceni  of  the  French  squadron,  353-35(!. 

Officers  prominent  in  the  American  and  French  armies  at  Yorktowu,  421, 422. 

Olflcera,  some  names  of,  who  remained  in  America,  629, 

Olney,  Captain  Stephen,  notice  of,  410  HI;  names  of  his  company  at  York- 
town,  445, 

Olney,  Colonel  Jeremiah,  his  company,  177^,447;  sketch  of,  445-461;  officers 
of  his  regiment,  418. 

Olney,  Joseph,  notice  of,  44fi. 

Olney,  Major  Cuggeshall,  450. 

Olney,  Mrs.  Sarah,  notice  of,  4til,  n. 

Olyphant,  Dr.  David,  2G9. 

Outrey,  His  Excellency  Maxime,  address  of,  at  Yorktown,  550;  at  Newport, 
576;  at  Providence,  580,  581,  584,  585,  688,  592. 

Fi^e,  Captain  Benjamin,  5. 

Paper  money,  colony,  specimens  of,  SS. 

I>nper  money,  continental  ai)eclmens  of,  S7. 

Parker,  Sir  Peter,  takes  possession  of  Newport,  47. 

Patriotic  women,  9. 

Pawtnxet  Rangers,  0 

Peabody,  Nathaniel,  notice  of,  183. 

Peck,  Lieutenant-Colonel  George,  141;  notice  of.  .WT,  608,  n. 

Peck,  Solomon,  HOC;  retreat  over  Howland's  Ferry,  601. 

Percy,  Earl  of,  47;  returns  to  England,  48,  264. 

Perkins,  Major,  19. 

PiJrouse,  M.  dc  la,  380. 

Perry.  Hon.  Amos,  315,  316,  590. 
Perry,  Commodore  Oliver  H.,  2G<i,  2C7. 

Philadelphia,  joy  in,  48T,  488. 

Pickering,  Colonel  Timothy,  notice  of,  478. 

Pigot,  General  SirRotwrt,  913;  his  narrative  of  the  campaign,  with  namea  of 
British  officers  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  111-115;  notice  of, 
111,  M. 

Pisan^on,  M.,  337. 

Play-Bill  Extraordinary,  63. 

Potter,  George,  promoted  for  gallant  conduct,  85. 

Powder  Mill  built,  7. 

Power,  Captain  Nicholas,  16. 


028 


IKDEX. 


pTMOOtt,  a«noral,  47;  taken  prisoaer.  IS;  exclwngvd.  48,  IM. 

Pnacott,  Mnjor.H. 

PriecA  exor1>ltant,  143;  efforts  of  General  Gaum  to  snpprwfl  tha  »rU,  143. 

FiiratccrinE P|>is<Mln,  cniiM  of  ibv  "  Gcofv« '^MUaictou/'  3Tfl. 

Proviilenc*  »  mllltar;  «'anip,  7. 

Proviitlou  maJfl  for  F«»«h  troop*.  In  ProvWeaco,  flW. 

Piiluki,  Count,  morullj'  woumlcif  al  ih«aie|f(!  of  SavantuUi.  121,  134. 

Qnnrtcn  of  Che  French  oMMrs  tn  Newport.  131-134. 
Qitnrler<i  of  tbu  Fruucli  officers  lii  Provideuvc,  331-^133. 
(JneKtmy,  Alnxaiulvr,  4X4. 


Roglnicntfl,  Pint  ami  Second  Ebode  IsUnd,  consoUdatail.  4S1. 

R«suai<<.^  Bd«r,  533,  Mi. 

RutrBUt  ut  SulUvaii's  ariay.  Ihu  litiu  ol,  lOT-llU. 

ItlgfrS.  Oiptftlll  Aliliueltx'li,  ItT 

BobUIiitnl.  M..  Cbk-r  HiirReoii.  4;J1,  BJO. 

Itobin,  Abbv.  "fJuiiTcnu  Voynpi"  of,  4(0. 

Robinson,  Majot  Eliliu.  323. 

Roblnvoii.  U«v.  £>T.  Ecekl*-!.  addreai  of,  ntS,  OM,  MS. 

Itu)>lnHoii.  Thomiw,  'MU. 

Rocbninbcan.  l.tciitoDnnt-QAUcral  Count  d«,  with  «D  mrmr  of  B,O0O  nun. 
nrrivea  at  Xeirporl,  301 :  wuluoiuu  lijr  llio  tuwu  and  by  titv  St 
205-308;  landing  of  the  lroo|M,  SlU-SOft;  Mcri-t  and  upon  InslruG 
tiona,  Zl.t,  214:   chdiim  (urufd  and  lioapliala  rateUbht^l;    lUl  uT  ' 
tifflr^W  In  ]ii»  nrniv,  ^20-:!a4;  UkkoH  Ihe  "Vernon  maoslon  "  for 
hDad<|uarlcni,:£!0;  %>Uit«  Bgstoii.  S31;  vfeita  Wn«binf[tvo  at  Hut- 
tori,  281;  itii-ldt^titu,  iKl-att;  HjiendH  winter  of  1780-81  In  Newport; 
vlHlta    Provfdonre    frciiiiPtitly;    foiiiia    friciMUfaip  with    Urputjr* 
Qovfrnor  Itowon,  243-,  pri-mntii  spoon  to  Mrs.  Bowca,  213:  eiv«s 
balls  111  Nuwport  ami  In  rrovidence;  presc^Dtn  wat<:b  to  Mr.  JobDj 
Siuitli,  244;  i:xc tun ■]{•;»  i^wtrd  Willi  Gvuvral  ^filler,  343;    Id  eon^l 
pany  with  Aiitnirnl   IImitiw  vUits  WaiibSuiiton  at  W«utlur«[i<.-1d, 
to  conault  alxiii!  a  LAinpitii;!).  :(tH'i;   army  naovrs  to  join  Washing- 
ton, .'^Q;  march  to  tbe  Hudftnn,  3Ln-Jiia-.  continues  the  tuorchj, 
seO;  rcieptiou  at  PliilQdidpbio,  3117;  riwht-s  Williaiuitbutf,  4Q9t 
unlt«>s  with  Wanhlngton  in  nfivRo  of  Vorkt"wn,  41<i-U4;  KurtEmler 
of  CuTuwalliB,  4H3-481i  ItdcliamlxL'au  nud  hifl  arm;  go  Into  Winter 
qiiartcni  in  Viriilnla.  41ih;  Ittit^r  tofiovuruorflarTlson.fiOl,  ."KU.riUl, 
1)04:  •Iiine,  vm-i,  movies  hin  ariti.v  tu  iliv  IIuilson,S03;  iolua  In  I'uiu- 
III Q  mo  rati  UG  lUe  birth  of  tbo  Dauplifii  of  Pranrw,  MKt~30S;  movcMJ 
hi*  army  to  Providfuee,  and  cuL-atHjis  on  Ihe  old  ground, OOD-KHiT 
puta  the  Itaroii  d«  VIomcenil  Ineoinmaml.and  rvtuma  to  PUilodi^l- 
pbla.SlU;  HalU  for  Frauve,S16;  aketcti  of,  Kl,0.!3.  M-;  jMldteai  of, 
051. 

Roobninbeun.  Vicgint*  de,  notice  of,  381,  n. 

KuRKrs,  (}»DHral  Heralio,  .110,  S45,  Ml,  MS,  860,  573,  sm, 

Roftrrs.  Major.  IffT. 

Uliode  [aland,  loyalty  of.  1. 

BUodM,  Edward  S-,  W5. 


OUR  FRENCH   ALLIES.  U29 

"Rose,"  frigate,  2. 

Route  ot  camps,  40(M02. 

Roaerle,  OeDeral  Armaiid,-610;  his  mother,  610,  n. 

Rossetl,  William,  merchant,  of  New  York,  272. 

Babbath,  reverence  for  the,  3:13,  334. 

Sabln,  Ciesar,  discharge  of,  87. 

Sabln,  Jamea,  Inn  keeper,  "  Gaspee  "  party  at  his  house,  3. 

Savannah,  siege  of,  123;  American  and  French  officers  killed  and  wounded 
at,  124-126. 

Scammell,  Colonel  Alexaoder,  killed,  47A. 

Scene  Id  the  Royal  Circle  at  Paris,  tiOO. 

Schuyler,  General  Fliilip,  notice  of,  185,  n. ;  262,  285. 

Seagel,  Prof.  Charles  L.,  519. 

Seers,  Colonel  Thomas,  107. 

S^r,  Comte  de,  226,  332;  intro<hiced  to  Washington,  509,  SIO,  524. 

Selfredge,  Captain  ThonioH  O.,  S77. 

Senter,  Dr.  Isaac,  273,  :«2. 

Sewell,  Captain  Stephen,  72. 

Seybothan,  Colonel  Baron,  emotion  of,  473. 

Sheffield,  Hon.  William  P.,  571,  572,  574,  678. 

Shcpparil,  Colonel,  13:t. 

Sherburn,  Thomas,  Nantucket,  31. 

Sherburne,  Colonel,  wounded,  103. 

Sherburne,  Major,  71,  RG. 

Silly,  Chevalier  de,  Lieutenant,  ;f29.  330,  007. 

Slaves,  valuation  uf,  384,  it. 

Slocum,  Hon.  Stephen  P.,  Newport,  3!)1. 

Smith,  Captain  Turpin,  S. 

Social  Life  in  Providence,  1780,  81,  :t27-337. 

Soldiers,  French,  where  buried,  632. 

Sonneville,  Chevalier  de,  40.  ■ 

Sousa,  Philip,  584. 

Sohthwlck,  Solomon,  .'<04. 

Spencer,  General  Joseph,  48;  letter  to  Governor  Cooke,  49;  expedition  on 
Uho4le  Island  fails,  51-M;  notice  ot  him,  54. 

Si>rout,  Lieu  tenant -Colonel,  I'Xi. 

Stamp  Act,  2. 

Stark,  General  .rohn,  in  Providence,  133. 

Steuben,  Baron  von,  arrives  in  Providence,  138;  short  of  funds  and  supplied 
by  Washington,  140;  inHjtects  troops  in  Rhode  Island,  138;  pro- 
ceeds to  Hartford,  140;  in  Virginia,  and  cooperates  with  Lafayette, 
140;  at  siege  of  Yorktown,  435,  4:13,  460;  sketch  of,  480. 

Steuben,  Baron  von  Arndt,  guest  of  (he  nation,  649;  address  at  Yorktown, 
5r.l. 

St«uben,  Baron,  deacendanta  of,  599. 

Stiles,  Rev.  Dr.  Ezra,  272. 

Stiness,  Judge  John,  315. 

St.  Simon,  Marquis  de,  404,  407,  408;  notice  of,  407,  412,  422,  480. 

Stuart,  Colonel  Walter,  478. 


630 


INDEX. 


BuUItrd,  Oencc&l  Jvhn,  «uc««eili  Gumiral  Spencer,  5K;  liia  caniiMJgQ  on 
Rhodf-  IsUml,  bfttfle  o(  Aoguat  29ih,  and  retr^Bt. «:;,  10;  ifeTJeral 
oriUtw,  73-7.%:  Ilia  rfjAappofntment,  7tt;  protasis  aEainst  VSatnins 
ll-arinitlLiDii.  77;  iMtw  to  Conarcf^,  S";  resohitlonHhy  Con(;vL-j«  la 
relfttlon  to,  M,  n.;  Ifltterio  WKsliliigloo,  OS;  itiakea  his  Iii-atlqiiftT- 
tcrs  In  ProviJunce,  115;  citlletl  1o  leail  an  expedition  aaaJnut  ti»« 
IniUafls.  in  weatcra  New  Tork.  UK;  flddrea*  to  Uim  by  the  town, 
ami  liirt  reply,  lUl,  117:  sketeh  of  lile  life  tiaO  s*n^eM,  UT.  U&,  ». 

Bucnncr.  TLomas  N.,  Lb  reotl  lectio  us,  1*1,  31. 

Burei'ODi*,  Drs.  AnioUl,  SeiH*t.  TiVigneniu,  JosHTj.Whefttifii,  Jackaou,  Gutrli- 
loHnii,  Hajran,  Bvrcft,  Wilson,  llofdid,  Paraona,  Tnrni;i,  BartJetl, 
WltltcritlgB  Ctace,  Fiakc.  Dtowne.S. 

Swan,  CaptMiL,  iiong  at  tbe  "'  Gaapcc  "  ii^.  i. 


Tubli-,  nei'oliilSoiinry  rciie,  3<}g,  ii, 

Talbot,  Captaici  Blliu.  dk^'rt^h  of,  'H,  n.;  8S,  01.  lU.  137,  138. 

TiuiJ,  11.  Juj^ph  ilR,  Coiunilsanry,  SW,  '211;  lettec  to  Oovernor  Grireiie.  219] 

k'tl«ra  from.  mi.  .W2. 
Tar]«ton,  Colonol  Sir  Batmslm,  161;  oottoc  o(,  4C2.  1. 
Taylor.  Major,  courtesy  of,  477. 
Tliatvta^r,  Dr.  JamcB.  132,  15»,  293,  SaS,  431,  467. 
TbayiT,  Rvv.  Thatcher.  D.  D„  26P. 
TliTOop,  Dr.,  324. 
Tfaiirb«r,  DeiCet,  deetribeii  the  spot  vrheni  the  Frencili  soIdlACa  vate  bUTlMl, 

££1. 
Thdi-ber,  Edward,  3ho. 
Tburber,  Iiumi;,  Atdenunri.  prujiosps  tli«  QRine  of  "'C^mp  ilnjQt,"  to  IkIm  tliB 

place  o!  "Green  lune,"  3(JW,  ii. 
Thurber,  Samtiet,  lIwpitAl  HtcHArd,  S;  aucceeded  by  Ota^  Winaoc,  8. 
TlllLii^hast,  Coluntil  DntiJct,  511, 
Tillotflfln,  (.'otpnel,  1^K. 
Tilly.  M.  lie,  220,  369. 
TllgliifiJin.  CoUinel  Oaivald,  -187,  H..  490,  OiKl. 

TLlKlumiu.  Colunal  Tincli,  skeU'li  of,  iSi,  4110,  n. 

Titctjnili,  BrLfjudifT-Geuuial,  71, 8i. 

Torpedo  milut*;,  B77. 

Touche,  fi.  d«  La,flii(^i'(?frd3  DeT«niay,3Sl;  eTigages  the  Brittab  frigate  "Iito/' 
ISS;  35S,  3WI,  :«3,  410,  412. 

Touio,  Isaac,  noma  to  Jamaica,  13(i. 

Toutiani,  Colonel,  mortally  vroijiDdod  on  Rliude  Island,  81, 103. 

Tracy,  Joho,  nidL>-<li'-L'amp,  7t. 

TroTclB  of  olHiera,  238.  -mi. 

Trambull,  Colonel  John,  volunteer  aid  to  SullivaD,  tU;  his  acootmt  of  tha 
battle  on  Rhode  Island,  103,  lOQ;  afcottih  of,  148;  Inoideat  un  the 
Ehhte.;!tl7,  480. 

TniiDbu]|.  Governor  ,Ioaallian,  notice  ot,  U7j  308,  304.  l-WB,  300. 

Turner,  Dr.  Henry  £,,  '.rj,  ». 

Turner,  Dr.  Petei,  notlue  of,  SM. 

Tnrtl*  pMty,  297- 


/       . 


OUB  FRENCH  AUJES  631 

Tyler,  Royal.  72. 

Tyler,  General,  71,  89.  . 

Updike,  Daniel,  .162. 

Van  Zandt.  ExOovernor  Charles  C,  100,  SM. 

Varnuui,  General  Jamea  M.,  H,  71,  72,  73;  sketch  of,  »1,  92,  n. ;  296. 

Vaulian,  M.,  in  Newport,  2ii7,  208. 

Vaudreull,  M.  dc,  fleet  of,  names  of  vesselo  and  of  their  commandera,  S30; 

staff  of  the  "  Triumphant,"  031. 
Vergennes,  Count  de,  1B2,  Hi5, 108, 171, 187. 
Vernon,  Samuel,  229,  3<i«. 
Vernon,  171111801,  of  Newport,  resides  in  Boston,  227;  bill  for  damage  of  his 

Newport  mansion,  227;  entertains  Rochombeau,  231;  notice  of  the 

Vernon  family,  227-232. 
Vernon,  William,  Jr.,  sails  for  Europe,  231, 
Viomesnil,  Baron,  223,  .Till.  421,  4M,  437,  480,  B31. 
Viomesnil,  Comte  de,  223,  4H0,  490,  501. 
Vose,  Colonel,  133,  42:1. 

■Wade,  Colonel  Nathaniel,  71,  84,  89;  interview  with  Lafayette,  90;  reference 
to  their  experience  in  the  campaign  on  Rhode  Island,  90;  sketch 
of,  00,  n. 

Walker,  Captain,  mortally  wounded,  103, 

Walker,  Captain,  member  of  Boron  Steuben's  military  family,  139. 

Walker,  Richard,  72. 

Wall,  Colonel  WiUiam,  380. 

Wallace,  Sir  James,  2;  letter  to  Commodore  Whipple,  S;  conunands  the 
"  Experiment "  on  the  southern  cOB«t,  126;  captured  by  D'Estaiog, 
12«. 

Wanton,  Joseph,  224. 

Ward,  Major  Samuel,  in  battle  on  Rhode  Island,  85. 

Warton,  John,  224. 

Washington,  celebrates  the  alliance  with  France,  59;  letters  to  Lafayette 
Luzerne,  and  to  the  President  of  Congress,  Vii),  183,  185;  letter  to 
Aleshech  Ware,  :«>7;  visitti  Newport,  362;  reception  there,  363-366; 
his  rei'tpe  for  a  soro  throat,  367;  visits  Providence,  369-371;  pro- 
coeds  on  his  journey,  371;  was  he  a  Marshal  of  France?  873-378; 
480;  letter  to  Steuben,  612;  Life  Guard,  G12,  n. 

Wayne,  General  Anthony,  In  Virginia,  401;  at  Yorktown,  4^,  433;  sketch  of, 
433,  n.;  480. 

Webb  house,  393. 

Weeden,  General,  at  Gloucester  Point,  4tiJ. 

Welch,  Colonel  J.  Harry,  379,  584. 

West,  Colonel,  Commandant,  71,  84. 

Westcott,  John,  promoted  for  gallant  conduct,  85. 

Wbelp,  Lieutenant  Anthony,  72. 

Whipple,  Abraliam,  of  "Gaspee"  party,  3;  reply  to  Wallace,  0;  made  Com- 
modore, 11;  sketch  of,  2.VJ6. 

Whipple,  Brigadier-General,  70, 71, 84. 


63;?  ca>EX. 

Vigj^leftirortb,  Cotcmel,  iocitltnt  of,  103:  acts  as  Brigade  MAjor, 

WilliamsiiDTK.  403.  ».;  4At. 

Wi]it^>n,  Major.  71,  Ki. 

Winter  qiiart«n  of   Freurh  army,  26:   encuDpmeat  in  Nonh   Pnwfdence, 
dtm.-riptiou  '^f.  Sf*-:;!?:  t^ill  of  Jos^pb  D*;xt«r,  312.  a.;  diadam  of 
'  ^nraiapineiit,  317:  awisied  in  the  nirrej  b;  Mr.  Hciu7  R.  Darte, 

.tlfl:  a  hoped  t.,r  park.  m:'>-:il>i. 

Winihio[>,  Hon.  BoUrrt  C,  oration.  515.  .u2. 

Woo'U.  Uon.  Jofaa  Carter  Brown,  289- 
'  WwxIm,  Lieuienant-Colonel,  71. 

f  WreckH.  BritUta,  raised,  2H,  2»i. 


YorkUiwa,  description  of,  ilfi-llT:  Motm's  taoasc  and  Temple  bnii,U7;  Kie^ 
of,  421:  plans  of  the  si^e.  4*24:  inL-identB,<I32.433:  Btonniog  partjr, 
4^t7:  representation  of  the  sarrender  br  M.  Levaaseor.  477;  cen- 
tennial commemoration  of  the  surrender  of,  KA-W8. 

Yorktovn,  trip  to,  panicipaots  in.  565,  Xfi. 


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